Agenda 04/13/2006 SPOKANE VALLEY PLANNING COMMISSION AGENDA
Council Chambers - City Hall 11707 E. Sprague Avenue
April 13, 2006
6:00 to 9:00 pm
CALL TO ORDER
II. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
III. ROLL CALL
IV. APPROVAL OF AGENDA
V. APPROVAL OF MINUTES
VI. PUBLIC COMMENT
VII. COMMISSION REPORTS
VIII. ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT
IX. COMMISSION BUSINESS
New Business —
Public Hearing — Recommendation of a Cross-Over Matrix as it relates to
the interim implementation of the COSV Comprehensive Plan.
Discussion — Comprehensive Plan Implementation Matrix, Current
Changes to COSV Definitions and Use Matrix,
Old Business - None
X. FOR THE GOOD OF THE ORDER
XI. ADJOURNMENT
COMMISSIONERS CITY STAFF
Gail Kogle, Chair Marina Sukup, AICP
Robert Blum, Vice-Chair Greg McCormick, AICP
Fred Beaulac Scott Kuhta, AICP
John G. Carroll Mike Basinger, Assoc Planner
David Crosby Cary Driskell, Deputy City Attorney
Ian Robertson Deanna Griffith
Marcia Sands www.spokanevalley.orq
CITY OF SPOKANE VALLEY
Request for Planning Commission Action
Meeting Date: April 13, 2006
Item: Check all that apply: ❑ consent ❑ old business ❑ new business ® public hearing
❑ information ❑ admin. report ❑ pending legislation
AGENDA ITEM TITLE: Public Hearing and consideration of a recommendation to the
Spokane Valley City Council to adopt an ordinance establishing a Comprehensive Plan
Implementation Matrix. The Comprehensive Plan Implementation Matrix will replace certain
sections of the Interim Phase 1 Development Regulations and will amend Interim Zoning Code
Section 14.416.000, Number of Uses per Lot.
GOVERNING LEGISLATION: RCW 36.70A— Growth Management Act
PREVIOUS COMMISSION ACTION TAKEN: No action has been taken by the Planning
Commission
BACKGROUND: City Council is expected to adopt the Spokane Valley Comprehensive Plan
in late April, 2006. Once the new Comprehensive Plan is adopted, new development
regulations must be adopted to "implement" the Comp Plan policies and land use map. Staff is
currently working on creating new development regulations that will fully implement the Comp
Plan. We anticipate that it will take over a year to adopt the new development code.
The intent of the Cross-Over Matrix is to initially implement the Comprehensive Plan in a way
that requires few changes to the current zoning code. The proposed Matrix specifies existing
zoning categories that will implement individual Comprehensive Plan land use categories. It is
important to note that with this initial Comp Plan implementation phase, existing zoning will not
be changed by the City. Rather, individual property owners would be required to apply for a
zone change if their current zoning does not allow a proposed use.
For example, property currently zoned UR-3.5 and located in the Office category on the Comp
Plan Land Use Map would be able to apply for a zone change to either UR-12 or UR-22, but
only office uses would be allowed with new zone change. Conversely, if property is currently
zoned UR-22 and located in the Office category, all uses in the UR-22 zone would be allowed,
including multi-family residential.
Staff also proposes to amend Section 14.416.000, Number of Uses per Lot, of the Interim
Spokane Valley Zoning Code which allows only 1 primary use per lot, unless otherwise
specified in the Code. This is problematic in mixed use areas, which encourage multiple uses in
a singe building. Therefore, it is recommended to remove this restriction for areas designated
as Mixed Use and Corridor Mixed Use on the Comprehensive Plan Map.
Finally, the proposed implementing regulations would eliminate certain sections of the Interim
Phase 1 Development Regulations that would become obsolete upon adoption of the
Comprehensive Plan.
OPTIONS: 1) Recommend approval of the proposed amendments to City Council, 2) Make
minor modifications to the proposed matrix and forward recommendation to Council; or 3)
Provide staff with suggested changes for future consideration by the Commission.
RECOMMENDED ACTION OR MOTION: Staff recommends approval.
BUDGET/FINANCIAL IMPACTS: None.
STAFF CONTACT: Greg McCormick, AICP, Community Development Director
ATTACHMENTS: Draft ordinance.
Last printed 4/7/2006 10:15:00 AM
APPENDIX A
DEFINITIONS
1. For the purpose of this Code certain words and terms are herein defined. The word "shall"is
always mandatory. The word "may"is permissive, subject to the judgment of the person
administering the Code.
2. Words not defined herein shall be construed as defined in Webster's New Collegiate
Dictionary.
3. The present tense includes the future, and the future the present.
4. The singular number includes the plural, and the plural the singular.
5. Use of male designations shall also include female.
Definitions
AASHTO: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
Abandoned: Knowing relinquishment by the owner, of right or claim to the subject property or
structure on that property, without any intention of transferring rights to the property or structure
to another owner, tenant, or lessee, or of resuming the owner's use of the property.
"Abandoned" shall include but not be limited to circumstances involving tax forfeiture,
bankruptcy, or mortgage foreclosure.
Accessory: A building, area, part of a building, structure or use which is subordinate to, and the
use of which is incidental to, that of the main building, structure or use on the same lot.
ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act.
Adequate Public Facilities: Facilities which have the capacity to serve development without
decreasing levels of service below locally established minima.
Administrative Exception: A minor deviation from standards specified in this Code.
Adult Entertainment Establishment: An enclosed building, or any portion thereof, used for
presenting performances, activities, or material or relating to "specific sexual activities" or
"specified anatomical areas," as defined in this section for observation by patrons therein.
Provided, however, that a motion picture theater shall be considered an adult entertainment
establishment if the preponderance of the films presented is distinguished or characterized by
an emphasis on the depicting or the describing of"specified sexual activities" or"specified
anatomical areas"; provided further, however, that a hotel or motel shall not be considered an
adult entertainment establishment merely because it provides adult closed circuit television
programming in its rooms for its registered guests.
Adult Retail Use Establishment: A retail use establishment which, for money or any other
form of consideration, devotes a significant or substantial portion of stock in trade, to the sale,
exchange, rental, loan, trade, transfer, or viewing of adult oriented merchandise.
Adult Oriented Merchandise: Any goods, products, commodities, or other ware, including but
not limited to, videos, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magazines, books, pamphlets, posters, cards,
periodicals or non-clothing novelties which depict, describe or simulate specified anatomical
area or specified sexual activities.
Agricultural: Relating to the science or art of cultivating soil or producing crops to be used or
consumed directly or indirectly by man or livestock, or raising of livestock.
Agricultural Processing: The series of operations taken to change agricultural products into
food and consumer products. Uses include creameries.
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Airport: An area of land or water that is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff
of aircraft, and includes its buildings and facilities, if any.
Airport Hazard: Any structure or object of natural growth located in the vicinity of the airport
which obstructs the airspace required for the flight of aircraft or airport operations.
Airport Obstruction: Any structure or object of natural growth or use of land which would
exceed the federal obstruction standards established in 14 CFR sections 77.21, 77.23, 77.25
and 77.28, or which obstructs the airspace required for flight of aircraft in landing or take-off, or
is otherwise hazardous to airport operations.
Airport Land Use Compatibility Zone: Aircraft accident zones established by WSDOT,
Division of Aviation and adopted by ordinance wherein certain land uses are restricted in order
to protect the airport from encroachment from incompatible land uses.
Alley: A public right-of-way which provides access only to the rear and/or side of properties
abutting and having access to a public road.
Altered/Alteration: Any change, addition or modification in construction or any change of
occupancy from one use to another or from one division of a trade to another.
Amendment: A change in the wording, context, or substance of this Code, or a change in the
zone boundaries.
Ambulance Service: A facility used for the housing and dispatch of emergency medical
personnel and paramedics using ground transportation.
Animal ClinicNeterinary: A facility dedicated to the care of animals, which may include
grooming services and short term boarding.
Animal, Large: Domesticated animals, including, but not limited to, horses, donkeys, burros,
llamas, bovines, goats, sheep, and other animals or livestock of similar size and type, except
inherently dangerous mammals and inherently dangerous reptiles. Young of horses, mules,
donkeys, burros, llamas, and alpaca, under one (1) year in age, bovines, under ten (10) months
in age, and sheep, goats and swine under three (3) months in age shall not be included when
computing intensity of large animals.
Animal, Small: Domesticated animals or fowl other than a household pet, large animal,
inherently dangerous mammals or inherently dangerous reptiles, but not limited to, chickens,
guinea hens, geese, ducks, turkeys, pigeons , emus, ostriches (struthious), kangaroos, rabbits,
mink, chinchilla, I and other animals or fowl of similar size and type. Young small animals or fowl
under three (3) months of age shall not be included when computing intensity of small animals
or fowl. Young or miniature large animals are not included in this definition and are considered
large animals
Animal Processing: Includes stockyards, meat packing and the rendering of meat by-products,
including the manufacture of tallow, gelatin and glue.
Animal Raising or Keeping: The keeping of large and small domesticated animals other than
household pets.
Animal, Wildlife Rehabilitation or Scientific Research Facility: A building, structure, pen or
portion(s) thereof or an area of land where animals are housed, kept or maintained for the
purpose of wildlife rehabilitation; or for the purpose of investigation, aimed at the discovery and
interpretation of facts or the collecting of information about a particular subject.
Antique Store: An establishment offering for sale glass, china, objects d'art, furniture or similar
furnishings and decorations which have value and significance as a result of ageand design.
COSV Proposed Definitions Page 2 of 28
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Appliance Manufacture: The manufacture, assembly and storage of household appliances for
regional distribution.
Appliance Sales/Service: The sale, servicing and repair of home appliances, including radios,
televisions, washers, refrigerators and ranges.
Aquifer: That array of geologic formations supplying potable water to Spokane Valley and the
Spokane metropolitan area.
Aquifer Sensitive Area (ASA): The area from which water runoff directly recharges the
Aquifer, including the surface over the Aquifer itself, and the hillside areas immediately adjacent
to the aquifer. The ASA includes the Critical Aquifer Recharge Area (CARA).
Art Gallery/Studio: Includes the work areas of graphic artist, painters, sculptors, weavers,
quilters and other artists with display and sales areas.
Arterial/Road Map: The official maps adopted as part of the Comprehensive Plan.
Asphalt Plant/Manufacturing: The manufacture of carbon-based paving and saturated
materials compounds.
Assembly, Light: The assemblage of metals and/or materials into products, including
electronic assembly.
Assembly, Heavy: The assemblage of materials and/or metals for commercial and industrial
uses.
Assisted Living Facility: A facility that provides routine protective oversight or assistance for
independent living to mentally and physically limited persons in a residential setting. Services
include, but are not limited to transportation, food service, pharmacy and limited nursing
services. An Assisted Living Center may be included as a part of a nursing home or
convalescent center complex.
Attached: Structurally dependent.
Auction Yard: An open area or an area entirely enclosed within a building where items are
stored or displayed for not more than seven (7) consecutive days within any given thirty (30)-
day period and where persons are permitted to attend sales and offer bids on such items.
Auction Yard, Livestock: Facilities designed for the sale of livestock at auction, including
barns, holding pens, and loading facilities.
Automobile Assembly Plant: A manufacturing facility for new cars and trucks.
Automobile Impound Yard: A secure area used for the temporary impoundment of motor
vehicles by law enforcement.
Automobile/Taxi Rental: Facilities, including parking, for vehicles available for rent or lease.
Facilities for fueling, servicing and minor repair may be accessory uses.
Automobile/Truck Sales and Service: An area located on private property used for the display
and sale of more than two (2) new or used passenger automobiles or light trucks, including
sports utility vehicles, or any truck with a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of less than one ton,
including service.
Automobile/Truck/RV/Motorcycle Painting, Repair, Body and Fender Works: A facility
providing for the minor repair and painting of a wide variety of motor vehicles, not including
engine overhaul.
COSV Proposed Definitions Page 3 of 28
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Available Public Facilities: Facilities or services are in place or that a financial commitment is
in place to provide the facilities or services within a specified time. In the case of transportation,
the specified time is six years from the time of development.
Awning: A roof-like cover that projects from the wall of a building for the purpose of identity,
decoration or shielding a doorway or window from the elements.
Bakery Products Manufacturing: A facility preparing baked goods for regional distribution with
accessory retail sales.
Bakery, Retail: A retail business offering baked goods, including pies, doughnuts, cakes and
breads for sale to the public.
Banks, Saving & Loan and Other Financial Institutions: Offices and service facilities for
banks, savings & loans, credit unions or other financial institutions, including drive-through
windows.
Barber/Beauty Shop: A facility offering including haircuts, manicures and similar personal
services.
Battery Rebuilding/Manufacture:
Basement: The portion of a building at least four feet (4'-0") below grade for more than 50% of
the perimeter but not more than eight feet (8'-0") below grade at any point of the structure.
Bed and Breakfast: A single-family dwelling which provides accommodations for one or more
paying guests on a reservation basis.
Beehive: A structure designed to contain one colony of honey bees (apis mellifera) and
registered with the Washington State Department of Agriculture per RCW Chapter 15.60 or as
hereafter amended.
Beekeeping, Commercial: An activity, generally operated for a profit, where more than twenty-
five (25) beehives are kept on a lot.
Beekeeping, Hobby: An activity, generally engaged in for personal use, where twenty-five (25)
or fewer beehives are kept on a lot.
Berm: A narrow ledge or shelf of land generally consisting of earth material that may be natural
or artificial.
Bicycle: A vehicle having two tandem wheels propelled solely by human power, upon which
any persons or person may ride.
Bicycle Path: A bikeway physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open
space or barrier and either within the highway right of way or within an independent right of way.
Bicycle Route: A segment of a system of bikeways designated with appropriate directional and
informational markers with or without specific bicycle route number.
Bicycle Sales and Service: A retail establishment offering for sale to the public non-motorized
vehicles, including bicycles, skate-boards, roller blades, unicycles or similar equipment, and
providing repairs.
Bikeway: Any road, path, or way, which in some manner is specifically designated and which
may legally be used by bicycles regardless of whether such facilities are designated for the
exclusive use of bicycles or are to be shared with other transportation modes.
Binding Site Plan: A division of land approved administratively by the Department of
Community Development, which legally obligates a person making a proposal to conditions,
standards or requirements specified by this Code .
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Block: A parcel of land surrounded by public streets, highways, railroad rights-of-way, public
walks, parks, or green strips, rural land, drainage channels, or a combination thereof. .
Boat Building: The construction, refurbishing and repair of recreational boats.
Book/Stationary Store: A retail establishment offering books, magazines, greeting cards, and
similar items to the public.
Border Easement: A dedicated easement on private property adjacent to public street right(s)-
of-way established for the purposes of utility, drainage facilities, pedestrian access or other
public purpose.
Bottling Plant: A plant which provides for the packaging and distribution of liquid products,
including the mixing of liquid components.
Boundary Line Adjustment: A land use action adjusting lot lines.
Boundary Line Elimination: A land use action aggregating two or more lots or parcels of land.
Bowling Alley: Indoor entertainment, including rental and sale of bowling equipment, as well as
restaurant services.
Brewery, Micro: An establishment brewing specialized beers for localized distribution, as well
as local restaurant services.
Brewery, Winery or Distillery: A facility engaged in the production of beer, wine or spirits for
regional distribution, including fermentation, distillation and bottling.
Broom Manufacturing: The manufacture of brooms, brushes and mops.
Building Height: The vertical distance from the average finished grade to the average height of
the highest roof surface.
Building Setback Line: A line established as the - - -
minimum distance a structure may be located from any ,
property line or border easement. See Reader Board.
o. ' 30
r
Building Supply Store: An establishment engaged in
the wholesale and/or retail sale of building materials, I �
including landscape materials, roofing, lumber, siding, ` --- Existing
fencing, plumbing supplies and fixtures, lighting, floor —— — '��t"' Grade
coverings, tools and hardware. 5 ff f' Pont of
(Lowest Measurement
Building Supply & Home Improvement: An Elevation
establishment selling hardware, lumber, sheetrock,
plumbing supplies, flooring, lighting fixtures, landscaping supplies, nursery stock, and
appliances at retail and wholesale.
Butcher Shop/Meat Market: The specialty retail of meat and fish products, not otherwise
classified as a grocery store.
Camping Units: A structure, shelter or vehicle designed and intended for temporary occupancy
by persons engaged in camping or use of a camping unit for recreation. Camping units include
but are not limited to recreational vehicles, recreational park trailers and campers, camping
cabins, tents, tepees, yurts and other similar shelters.
Candy and Confectionery: The preparation and specialty retail sale of candy and
confectionery, not otherwise classified as a grocery store.
Carnival or Circus: Temporary entertainment facilities providing rides, exhibits, games, musical
productions, food and drink, and items for sale as part of a private commercial venture.
COSV Proposed Definitions Page 5 of 28
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Carpenter Shop: An establishment producing finished wooden products from raw materials.
Carpet and Rug Cleaning Plants: A plant engaged in the cleaning and repair of carpets and
textiles utilizing solvents and volatile organic compounds. Does not include cleaning services
provided on client premises.
Carpet Cleaning Services: An establishment providing cleaning services on the premises of
customers, including restoration of flood and fire damage.
Car Wash: Facilities for the washing of passenger cars and light trucks, as either a principal use
or accessory to fueling stations, convenience stores or similar permitted uses.
Casino: A gaming establishment licensed pursuant to RCW_9.46, including restaurant services.
Catalogue & Mail-Order Houses: Merchandise warehouse and distribution center, including
showroom.
Category: A land use classification established pursuant to the Spokane Valley
Catering Services: Food preparation intended for delivery to location(s) different from that
where the preparation takes place.
Cemetery: Land or facilities used or planned for use for the preparation for the disposition of
human or animal remains including columbaria, crematories, mausoleums, and mortuaries
when operated in conjunction with and within the boundary of such cemetery.
Ceramics Shop: A retail store which provides the supplies and equipment for molding, firing,
glazing and enameling ceramic goods.
Chemical Manufacture - Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing chemicals using
basic processes, such as thermal cracking and distillation. Chemicals manufactured in this
industry group are usually separate chemical elements or separate chemically-defined
compounds, not including aluminum oxide manufacturing, primary metal manufacturing,
ceramics, and beverage distilleries which are defined separately.
Certificate of Occupancy: An official certificate issued by the City through the Chief Building
Official that indicates conformance with building requirements and zoning regulations and
authorizes legal use of the premises for which it is issued.
Certificate of Title: A letter, report, opinion, statement, policy, or certificate prepared and
executed by a title describing all encumbrances of record which affect the property, together
with all recorded deeds, including any part of the property included in the plat.
Church, Temple, Mosque, Synagogue, House of Worship: An establishment, the principal
purpose of which is religious worship and for which the main building or other structure contains
the sanctuary or principal place of worship, and including accessory uses in the main building or
in separate buildings or structures, including Sunday school rooms and religious education
classrooms, assembly rooms, a common kitchen, a library room or reading room, recreation hall
and on site living quarters for members of religious orders and caretakers. City: The City of
Spokane Valley, Washington.
City Council: The governing body of the City.
Clinic: A building or portion of a building containing offices for providing medical, dental, or
psychiatric services for out-patients only.
Clothes, Retail Sales: A retail store offering clothing, footwear and accessories for sale to the
general public.
COSV Proposed Definitions Page 6 of 28
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Club: An association of persons for some common purpose, but not including groups organized
primarily to render a service which is customarily carried on as a business.
Clustered Housing: Residential lots or building sites which reduce minimum yard requirements
within a tract but provide compensating open space.
Code: Spokane Valley Uniform Development Code.
Cold Storage/Food Locker: A commercial building designed to prevent spoilage of food and to
store food for retail food stores or persons buying in large quantities.
College or University: A public or private institution offering instruction in liberal arts, or a
professional, vocational, or technical field beyond the 12th grade.
Co-location: Locating wireless communication equipment from more than one provider on one
structure on one site.
Commercial Zones: Those zones permitting commercial uses including the Business Zones,
office zones, corridor mixed use, mixed use center, and City Center.
Commission: The Spokane Valley Planning Commission.
Communication Service/Sales: Establishments providing for the sale and service of
communications equipment, including but not limited to telephones, satellite dishes, radio
equipment.
Communication Equipment Manufacture: The manufacture, assembly and storage of
communications equipment.
Community Facilities: The facilities of local government and other public agencies necessary
for the administration and delivery of public services, including but not limited to police stations,
fire stations, government offices, court rooms, water/wastewater storage and treatment facilities,
electric and other utility distribution/collection lines, and transit stations.
Community Hall: A building and related grounds used for social, civic, or recreational purposes
and owned and operated by a nonprofit group serving the area in which it is located and open to
the general public.
Community Recreational Facility: Any public or private building, structure, or area which
provides amusement, relaxation, or diversion from normal activities for persons within the area
in which it is located and which is not operated for profit.
Community Residential Facility: Any dwelling licensed, certified or authorized by state,
federal or local authorities as a residence for children or adults with physical, developmental or
mental disabilities, dependent children or elderly individuals in need of supervision, support
and/or independent living training. Does not include Transitional housing, Detention and Post-
detention facilities or Secure Residential Treatment Facility. May include: specialized group
home for the developmentally disabled, group care facility for children, and boarding home.
Community Transit Center: A bus transfer area or facility providing passenger access to
routes and adjacent activities.
Composting Storage/Processing, Commercial: A facility storing or composting organic
material for commercial purposes.
Comprehensive Plan: The Comprehensive Plan adopted by Spokane Valley, Washington,
pursuant to Chapter 36.70 RCW.
Computer Manufacture and Assembly: See Electrical/electronic/Computer
component/system manufacturing and assembly
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Computer Services: Facilities used for the design and testing of computer systems and
component parts, including software design and computer support services.
Conditional Use: A use authorized subject to conditions and performance standards
established by the Hearing Examiner.
Contractor's Yard: An area and/or building used to store, maintain and repair equipment,
trucks and motor vehicles, construction supplies, building equipment and raw materials for an
individual or for a contractor engaged in building or other construction businesses, including but
not limited to plumbing, electrical, structural, finish, demolition, transportation, masonry,
excavating or other construction work.
Convalescent Home/Nursing Home: A residential facility licensed by the State or County to
provide long-term special care and supervision to convalescents, invalids, and/or aged persons,
but where no persons are kept who suffer from mental sickness or disease or physical disorder
or ailment which is normally treated within sanitariums or hospitals. Special care in such a
facility includes, but is not limited to, nursing, feeding, recreation, boarding and other personal
services.
Convenience Store: A retail store of less than 10,000 square feet in size engaged in the sale of
personal or household merchandise, packaged foods and beverages, which may include fueling
stations.
Cosmetic Manufacture/Distribution: The manufacture, storage and distribution of cosmetics,
perfumes, and toiletries.
Critical Material: A substance present in sufficient quantity that its accidental or intentional
release would result in the impairment of one or more beneficial uses of soil, air and ground and
surface water.
Critical Materials Activity List: A list of commercial and industrial activities known to use
critical materials, coupled with the names and threshold levels of quantities of critical materials
normally associated with the activity.
Court: An open, unoccupied space, bounded on more than two sides by the walls of a building.
An inner court is entirely surrounded by the exterior walls of a building. An outer court has one
side open to a street, alley, yard or other permanent space.
Coverage: The area of a lot or tract covered by the roof or first floor of a building expressed as
a percentage of lot area. Roof eaves extending three (3) feet or less from the walls of a building
are excluded from coverage computations.
Day(s): The calendar days, unless otherwise specified, shall be computed pursuant to RCW
1.12.040.
Day-Care, Adult: A licensed or accredited facility that provides counseling, recreation, food, or
any or all of these services to elderly or handicapped persons for a period of less than twenty-
four hours a day.
Day Care, Child: A licensed or accredited facility which regularly provides care for a group of
children for periods of less than twenty-four hours and includes pre-kindergarten, nursery
schools, Montessori schools, mothers day out and after school programs.
Deciduous: For purposes of this Code, deciduous shall include the following vegetative
species. Ailanthus, Ash (Mountain), Birch (White), Catalpa, Elm (American), Locust (Black and
Honey), Maple (Silver, Sugar, and Sycamore), Oak (Pin), Sweet Gum (Liquid Amber),
Thundercloud Plum, Wing Nut.
Density, Gross: The total number of residential dwelling units per gross acre.
COSV Proposed Definitions Page 8 of 28
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Density, Net: The number of dwelling units per acre of land, including parcels for common open
space and associated recreational facilities within the area, storm water drainage facilities and
tax exempt open spaces, after deducting the area for roads, parks, churches and schools,
public/private capital facilities, dedicated public lands, and any other nonresidential use..
Department, Community Development: The City of Spokane Valley Department of
Community Development.
Department, Public Works: The City of Spokane Valley Public Works Department.
Department/Variety store: A store offering a variety of goods to the public at retail, including
but not limited to, clothing, housewares, linens, small appliances; sporting goods, and footwear.
Detention and Post-detention Facilities: See Essential Public Facilities.
Drug Store: A pharmacy authorized to dispense prescription drugs prescribed by licensed
medical professionals.
Dependent Relative: One who is related by direct blood line, marriage, adoption, unmarried
partner relationship or court-appointed guardianship; has been determined by a licensed
physician to be physically or mentally incapable of caring for themselves and/or their property;
and who is over the age of 18.
Director of Community Development: The individual or designee, appointed by the City
Manager responsible for the interpretation and enforcement of all or part of the provisions of this
Code.
Dormitory: See Dwelling — Congregate
Driveway: Any area, improvement or facility between the roadway of a public or private street
and private property, which provides ingress/egress for vehicles from the roadway to a lot(s) or
parcel(s).
Dry Cleaners: A retail business providing dry cleaning and laundry services to the public.
Dry Cleaning, Laundry, Linen Supply Plant- Commercial: An industrial facility providing
laundry, dry cleaning, linen supply, uniforms on a regional basis.
Dry Kiln: An industrial process for curing timber.
Dwelling: A building or portion thereof designed exclusively for residential purposes.
Dwelling, Accessory Apartment: An accessory dwelling unit located on a lot zoned for single-
family residential purposes.
ALTERNATE
Dwelling, Accessory Apartment: A freestanding detached structure or an attached part of a
structure that is subordinate and incidental to the main or primary dwelling unit located on the
same property, providing complete, independent living facilities exclusively for a single
housekeeping unit, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, cooking, and sanitation.
Dwelling, Caretaker's Residence: A manufactured (mobile) home, or an existing building or
structure used as a residence, that i:s owned by the owner of the property it resides upon and is
occupied by a bona fide employee of the property owner.
Dwelling, Congregate: A residential facility under joint occupancy and single management
arranged or used for lodging of unrelated individuals, with or without meals, including boarding
or rooming houses, dormitories, fraternities and sororities, convents and monasteries,
convalescent care facilities.
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Dwelling, Duplex: A building designed exclusively for occupancy by two (2) families, with
separate entrances and individual facilities for cooking, sleeping, and sanitation, but sharing a
common or party wall.
Dwelling, Multi-Family: A building designed for occupancy by three (3) or more families, with
separate entrances and individual facilities for cooking, sleeping, and sanitation.
Dwelling, single-family: A building, manufactured or modular home, or portion thereof,
designed exclusively for single-family residential purposes, with a separate entrance and
facilities for cooking, sleeping, and sanitation.
Dwelling, Townhouse: A single-family dwelling unit constructed in groups of three or more
attached units in which each unit extends from foundation to roof, open on at least two sides.
Dwelling Unit: One (1) or more rooms, designed, occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters, with an individual entrance, cooking, sleeping and sanitary facilities for
the exclusive use of one family maintaining a household.
Electrical/Electronic/Computer Component/System Manufacturing and Assembly: The
manufacture, assembly of light fixtures, computers or computer components, including but not
limited to relays, chips, routers, semi-conductors and optical processing equipment.
Entertainment/Recreation, Commercial (Indoor): A facility offering indoor entertainment such
as a bowling alley, video arcade, dance hall, skating rink or billiard parlor. Also includes indoor
archery, pistol or gun range.
Entertainment/Recreation, Commercial (outdoor): A facility offering outdoor entertainment or
games of skill to the general public for a fee or charge such as a golf driving range, archery
range, or miniature golf course.
Equipment Rental Shop: A business establishment offering equipment for rental.
Equipment Sales, Repair & Maintenance: A business establishment offering equipment for
sale, including repair and maintenance.
Espresso/Latte Stand: A drive-through stand offering coffee, tea and other beverages for sale
to the public.
Essential Public Facility: Facilities that are typically difficult to site, such as airports, state
education facilities, state or regional transportation facilities, state and local correctional
facilities, solid waste handling, in-patient facilities including substance abuse, mental health,
group homes and secure community transition facilities.
Detention and Post-detention Facilities: Congregate residential facilities for the housing,
training and supervision of individuals under judicial detention, including but not limited to
prisons, jails, probation centers, juvenile detention homes, halfway houses and related post-
incarceration facilities.
Hospital, Psychiatric and/or Substance Abuse: A licensed facility providing in-patient
residential rehabilitation and supervision and out-patient care for individuals suffering from
substance abuse, psychological or emotional disease or defect.
Secure Community Transition Facility (SCTF): A licensed secure and supervised
residential facility for convicted sex offenders.
Exercise Facility/Gym/Athletic Club: A facility providing physical fitness equipment and
facilities, including weight rooms, running tracks, swimming pools, play courts and similar
facilities, as well as counseling in exercise and nutrition.
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Explosive Manufacturing: The manufacture and storage of substances causing a sudden
release of pressure, gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure or high
temperature, including but not limited to dynamite, gun powder, plastic explosive, detonators, or
fireworks.
Explosive Storage: Storage of explosive materials including but not limited to dynamite, gun
powder, plastic explosive, detonators, or fireworks.
FAA: Federal Aviation Administration.
FCC: Federal Communications Commission.
Family: An individual or two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption, or a
group of not more than five (5) persons, excluding dependents, who are not related by blood,
marriage or adoption, living together as a single housekeeping unit.
Family Home, Adult: A licensed residential home in which a person or persons provide
personal care, special care, room, and board to two, but not more than six adults who are not
related by blood or marriage to the person or persons providing the services.
Family Home, Child: A licensed child care facility providing regular care for not more than
twelve (12) children in the family living quarters.
Farm Machinery Sales and Repair: A specialized retail facility catering exclusively to the sale
and repair of farm machinery including tractors, farm implements, combines, loaders,
applicators, and their accessories.
Feed Lot: A confined area or structure used for feeding, breeding or holding livestock for
eventual sale or slaughter, including barns, pens or other structures.
Feed/Cereal/Flour Mill: A structure or building used to store or grind grain for animal or human
consumption.
Fence: A wall or a barrier composed of stone, brick or posts connected by lumber, rails, panels,
or wire for the purpose of enclosing space, marking boundaries, serving as an obstruction or
barrier or separating parcels of land.
Fertilizer Manufacture: The manufacture and storage of organic and chemical fertilizer,
including manure and sludge processing.
Film/Camera Sales and Service: The retail sale of photographic equipment and supplies, and
the repair of cameras, lenses, tripods, optical and related photographic accessories.
Film Developing: The commercial processing of photographic film, including x-rays.
Fire Lane: An access designed to accommodate emergency access to a parcel of land or its
improvements.
Fish Hatchery: Aquaculture production of fish.
Flood Plain, One Hundred (100)-Year: An area determined by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) or by Spokane County to have a one-percent (1%) chance of
flooding in any given year.
Florist Shop: A retail sales of floral arrangements and accessories.
Food Product Manufacturing/Storage: The commercial production or preservation of food
products from agricultural products, and or the packaging, re-packaging or other preparation of
food for wholesale distribution, including but not limited to starch manufacture, sugar refining,
pickling, tobacco and vegetable oil manufacture. See also, Meat/Fish canning, cutting, curing
smoking.
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Food Vendor, Mobile: An itinerant vendor of beverages, processed foodstuff and produce.
Forest Land: Defined in WAC 365-190-030(6), as now or hereafter amended.
Fraternity: A men's organization formed chiefly for social purposes which may function as a
place for living and eating, especially for college students. See Dwelling, Congregate.
Freight Forwarding: Land and facilities providing for the transport, storage and shipment of
goods.
Fueling Station: An established engaged in the retail sale of gasoline and automotive fuels
and lubricants.
Funeral Home: A facility licensed by the state engaged in preparing human remains for burial
or cremation. Services may include but are not limited to embalming, transport, memorial
services, and the sale of caskets.
Furniture Manufacture: The manufacture of furniture and cabinetry for regional distribution.
Furniture Sales/Repair: retail sales of household furniture and repairs not including re-
upholstery.
Garage, Public: A building or portion thereof, other than a private garage, used for the care,
parking, repair, or storage of automobiles, boats, and/or recreational vehicles or where such
vehicles are kept for remuneration or hire.
Garment Manufacture: The manufacture of apparel, including leather goods, for wholesale
distribution.
Gift Shop: Retail sales of miscellaneous gift items, including floral arrangements, stationary,
statuary, ornaments and decorations.
Golf Course: Outdoor course of nine or more holes, including driving range, cart rentals, pro-
shop and restaurant services.
Grain Elevator: A facility for the storage of grain. See also Feed/cereal/flour mill.
Grade: The average elevation of the finished ground level at the center of all exterior walls of a
building. In case of any wall which is parallel to and within five (5) feet of a lot line, elevation at
the lot line adjacent to the center of the wall shall be considered the finished ground level.
Greenhouse/Nursery, Commercial: An establishment where flowers, shrubbery, vegetables,
trees and other horticultural and floricultural products are grown both in the open and in an
enclosed building for sale on a retail or wholesale basis.
Grocery Store: A retail establishment offering a wide variety of comestibles, beverages and
household supplies for sale.
Halfway House: See Essential Public Facilities, Detention and Post-Detention Facilities.
Hardware Store: An establishment engaged in the retail sale and or rental of hardware and
small tools.
Hazardous Waste: All dangerous and extremely hazardous waste, including substances
composed of both radioactive and hazardous components as defined in Section 70.105.010 (15)
RCW
Hazardous Waste Storage: The holding of hazardous waste for a temporary period, as
regulated by Chapter 173-303 WAC.
Hazardous Waste Treatment: The physical, chemical or biological processing of hazardous
waste for the purpose of rendering these wastes non-dangerous or less dangerous, safer for
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transport, amenable for energy or material resource recovery, amenable for storage, or reduced
in volume.
Hearing Examiner: The individual, designated by the City Council to conduct public hearings
and render decisions on amendments, special permits, conditional uses, appeals and other
matters as set forth in this Code.
Helicopter: A rotorcraft that, for its horizontal motion, depends principally on its engine-driven
rotors.
Heliport: A landing facility for rotary wing aircraft subject to regularly scheduled use and may
include fueling or servicing facilities for such craft.
Helistop: A landing pad for occasional and infrequent use by rotary wing aircraft. No on-site
servicing of or fueling and not for regularly scheduled stops.
High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV): A motorized vehicle carrying two (2) or more passengers.
Hobby Shop: A retail establishment offering games, crafts and craft supplies, art supplies to
the public.
Home Occupation: An occupation, profession or craft, excluding an adult retail use
establishment, adult bookstore or adult entertainment establishment and incidental to the
residential use.
Horse Boarding: A barn, stable, or other structure where owners or users of the property
commercially bathe, train, house and/or feed more than three (3) horses or other riding animals
any of which are not owned by the users or owners of the property for more than twenty-four
(24) consecutive hours.
Hospital: An institution licensed by the state offering in- and out-patient medical services but
not including facilities treating exclusively psychiatric, substance or alcohol abuse.
Hospital, Specialty: A facility providing specialized in- and/or out-patient medical care,
including hospices, birthing centers, urgent and trauma care, but not including facilities treating
psychiatric, substance or alcohol abuse.
Hospital, Psychiatric and/or Substance Abuse: See Essential Public Facility.
Hotel/Motel: A building in which there are six (6) or more guest rooms where lodging with or
without meals is provided for compensation, and where no provision is made for cooking in any
individual room or suite.
Household Pet: Any animal or bird, other than inherently dangerous mammals / reptiles,
livestock, large or small animals and animals or birds considered to be predatory or wild, which
normally lives in or is kept in a residence.
Ice Plant: A facility manufacturing and distributing ice.
Incinerator: A vessel, device, apparatus, or structure designed to burn solid waste under
controlled, nuisance-free conditions, and at a relatively high temperature, for the purpose of
reducing the combustible components to a non-putrescible residue capable of ready disposal.
Industrial Zoning Districts: Those zones permitting various industrial and manufacturing uses.
See Zoning Districts.
Inherently Dangerous Mammal: Inherently dangerous mammal means any live member of the
canidae, felidae, or ursidae families, including hybrids thereof, which, due to their nature, may
be considered dangerous to humans, and which includes:
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1.Canidae, including any member of the dog (canid) family not customarily domesticated by
man, or any hybrids thereof, but not including domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) or wolf
hybrids which are a cross between a wolf and a domestic dog.
2. Felidae, including any member of the cat family not customarily domesticated by man, or
any hybrids thereof, but not including domestic cats (Felis catus).
3. Ursidae, including any member of the bear family, or any hybrids thereof.
Inherently Dangerous Reptile: Inherently dangerous reptile means any live member of the
class reptilia which:
1. is venomous, including, but not necessarily limited to all members of the following families:
Helodermidae; Viperidae; Crotalidae; Altractaspidae; Hydrophilidae; and Elapidae; or
2. is a "rear fanged" snake of the family Colubridae that are known to be dangerous to
humans, including but not necessarily limited to, all members of the following families:
Dispholidus tupus; Thebtornis kirtlandii; and Rhabdophis spp.; or
3. is a member of the order Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators and caiman).
Inherently Dangerous Mammal / Reptile Keeper: Any person who is licensed by the Spokane
County Animal Control Authority to harbor and/or own one (1) or more inherently dangerous
mammals / reptiles.
Ink Manufacture: A facility manufacturing printing ink, and inking supplies.
Jewelry, Clock, Musical Instrument, Assembly, Sales/Service: Retail sale, assembly,
service and repair or clocks, musical instruments and jewelry.
Kennel: An establishment or place, other than an animal or veterinary hospital or clinic or
animal shelter, where six or more dogs or six or more cats, or any combination thereof, over
six (6) months of age are housed, groomed, bred, boarded, trained or sold commercially or as
pets.
Laboratories (BIO Safety Level 2, OSHA Standards): A facility in which work is done with the
broad spectrum of indigenous moderate-risk agents present in the community and associated
with human disease of varying severity.
Laboratories (BIO Safety Level 3, OSHA Standards): A facility in which work is done with
indigenous or exotic agents where the potential for infection by aerosols is real and the disease
may have serious or lethal consequences.
Laboratories, Scientific (BIO Safety Level 4, OSHA Standards): A facility in which work is
done with dangerous and exotic agents which pose a high individual risk of life-threatening
disease.
Landfill: A licensed facility for the sanitary disposal of solid waste.
Landscape Materials Sales Lot: The retail sale of organic and inorganic materials, including
but not limited to, soil and soil amendment, bark, sod, gravel, pea gravel, hardscape products,
crushed rock, river rock and landscape boulders primarily used for landscaping and site
preparation purposes. The exclusive sale of horticultural or floricultural stock that is permitted in
a commercial greenhouse or nursery-wholesale shall not be considered landscape materials.
Library: An establishment for the sole purpose of loaning and circulating books or providing a
reading room and reference service to the public whether conducted by a public or private
agency or whether the service is with or without direct cost to the user.
Liquor Store: The retail sale of off-premises distilled spirits, beer and wine.
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Livestock: Animals, including but not limited to, horses, cattle, llamas, sheep, goats, swine,
reindeer, donkeys and mules.
Loading Zone: An off-street space or designated area or loading dock located on the same lot
or site as the buildings or use served, which provides for the temporary parking of a commercial
vehicle while loading or unloading merchandise, materials, or passengers.
Locksmith: the sale and repair of locks and other security devices.
Lot: an undivided tract or parcel of land having frontage on a public street and designated as a
distinct tract.
Lot Aggregation: The consolidation of one or more lots into a single parcel through the
elimination of lot lines.
Lot Area: The area of a horizontal plane intercepted by the vertical projections of the front,
side, and rear lot lines of a building lot.
Lot, Corner: A building lot situated at the intersection of two public streets.
Lot Coverage: The percentage of the total area of a lot occupied by the base (first story or
floor) of buildings located on the lot.
Lot Depth: The mean horizontal distance between the front lot line and the rear lot line of a
building lot measured at the respective mid-points of the front lot line and rear lot line within
the lot boundary.
Lot, Flag: A lot of irregular shape with reduced frontage on a public or private street with
dimensions which are otherwise adequate at the building line.
Lot, Reverse Flag: A lot of irregular shape with reduced access to a rear alley, amenity or
natural feature.
Lot, Interior: A lot within a subdivision that is not located at the intersection of any adjacent
public or private street.
Lot Line: A boundary of a building lot.
Lot Line, Front: The boundary of a building lot that is the line of an existing or dedicated
street. Upon corner lots either street line may be selected as the front lot line providing a
front and rear yard are provided adjacent and opposite, respectively, to the front lot line.
Lot Line, Side: A boundary of a lot which is not a front lot line or a rear lot line.
Lot Line, Rear: A boundary of a lot which is most distant from and is, or is most nearly,
parallel to the front lot line.
Lot of Record: An area of land designated as a residential lot on the plat or subdivision
recorded or registered, pursuant to statute, with the Auditor for Spokane County.
Lot, Radial: Lots adjacent to curved streets or circular cul-de-sacs with side lot lines running
roughly perpendicular to the street right-of-way.
Lot Segregation: The re-establishment of lot lines within parcels aggregated for tax
purposes.
Lot Width: The width of a lot at the front building line. Measurements on irregularly-shaped
lots to be taken in a straight line from a point where the front building line crosses the side
property lines
Lumber Mill, Sawmill, Shingle Mill, Plywood Mill: The manufacture of wood products,
including cutting, planning, preservation and veneering, match manufacture and millwork.
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Machine Shop: See Metal Fabrication
Machine/Machinery Manufacturing: The manufacture of machines and machinery.
Manufactured Home Fabrication: The construction and assembly of manufactured housing
units.
Manufactured (Mobile) Home: A pre-assembled dwelling unit certified by the Washington
State Department of Labor and Industries.
Manufactured Home Community: A subdivision designed exclusively for manufactured
housing.
Manufactured (Mobile) Home Park: A site having as its principal use the rental of space for
occupancy by two (2) or more manufactured (mobile) homes, and the accessory buildings,
structures, and uses customarily incidental to such homes.
Manufactured Home Sales: A sales lots for manufactured housing units with display models.
Manufacturing, Non-Metallic Metal Products: The manufacture of clay, earthenware, brick,
vitreous, cement and concrete manufacture, including readi-mix, concrete block, lime, gypsum,
stone and stone-product.
Manufacturing, Petroleum & Coal Products: The manufacture of asphalt paving, roofing and
coating and petroleum refining.
Market, Outdoor: A temporary or seasonal location where produce and agricultural products,
including but not limited to pumpkins, Christmas trees and firewood, as well as crafts and other
items are offered for sale to the public.
Massage Therapy: An establishment providing the therapeutic massage services of a licensed
massage therapist.
Meat/Fish Cutting, Canning, Curing and Smoking: Includes the processing and packaging
of meat and fish for wholesale distribution. Does not include animal slaughter.
Meat Packing: Includes the slaughter of live animals and the inspection and processing of
animal carcasses.
Medical and Laboratory Instrument/Apparatus Manufacture: The manufacture of medical
and dental equipment, supplies, and instruments.
Medical/Dental Office: A facility housing less than three medical or dental professionals or
paraprofessionals.
Medical/Dental Clinic: A facility where three or more medical or dental professionals or
paraprofessionals, including physicians, dentists, endodontists, physical therapists, dental
hygienists, physician assistants, or osteopaths, provide outpatient services on a regular basis.
Medical, Dental and Hospital Equipment Supplies and Sales: The sale of medical/dental
equipment and supplies, including but not limited to uniforms, prosthetics, pharmacy, optics, and
corrective appliances.
Metal Fabrication: The fabrication of metal products including chain and cable manufacture,
sheet metal fabrication, machining, welding and punching.
Metal Plating: The electroplating, galvanizing and dip plating of various kinds of metal.
Metal Processes, Hot: metal processes including blast furnace, coke oven, die casting, drop
hammer or forge, metal reduction, reclamation, and refining.
Mining: Mineral extraction, not including oil and gas.
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Mineral Product Manufacturing, Non-Metallic: The manufacture of brick, cement, gypsum,
lime, plaster of Paris, tile, stoneware, earthenware and terra cotta manufacturing
Mineral Resource Lands: Defined in WAC 365-190-030(14) as now or hereafter amended.
Mobile Food Vendors: Itinerant vendors of prepared foods and beverages.
Model Home: The temporary use of one or more single family residential units for the
marketing and promotion of residential subdivisions.
Motor Vehicle Parts, Sales & Service: The retail sales of motor vehicle parts and service,
including the installation of tires and batteries, including repair of passenger cars and light
trucks.
Museum: A premises housing the display of antiquities or artifacts of historical or artistic
significance.
Music Store: The retail sale of recorded music, musical instruments, sheet music and similar
items.
Multiple Building Complex: A group of structures, or a single structure, with dividing walls and
separate entrances for each business, housing retail businesses, offices, commercial ventures
or independent or separate parts of a business which share the same lot, access and/or parking
facilities.
NAICS: North American Industry Classification System
Neighborhood: A geographic area or sub-area bounded by distinct physical boundaries, such
major or minor arterials, geologic formations, broad open spaces and similar features, centered
around common interests or facilities.
Nonconforming: A lot, use, building, or structure, which was legal when commenced or built,
but which does not conform to subsequently enacted or amended regulations.
Nursing Home: See Convalescent home.
Occupancy: The type of construction required based on the use of the structure as established
by adopted building codes.
Office: A business office maintained as a principal use, including but not limited to, insurance,
sales, legal or other professional office but does not include medical or dental clinics. See also
Medical/dental Clinic.
Off-road recreational vehicle use: the operation of any gas-powered motorized vehicle,
including but not limited to motorcycles and/or all-terrain vehicles, on private property for
recreational purposes. This definition is not intended to include vehicles which were
designed/constructed for yard or garden work in residential areas.
Off-Street Parking: the amount of vehicular parking to be provided on private property for a
specified use.
Office Supply and Computer Sales: The retail sale of office supplies and office equipment,
including computers, copiers and communication equipment.
Open Space: An area accessible to and permanently reserved for the common use and
enjoyment of the occupants of residential uses for landscaping, leisure and recreational
purposes. Open Space does not include area devoted to parking, accessory uses, landscaping
required pursuant to this code, drainage easements, border easements or building separation
required under adopted building codes.
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Opponent of Record: A person who has provided verbal or written testimony in opposition to a
proposal/project before or during the public testimony portion of a hearing, or filled out and
submitted a Party of Record Notice indicating opposition prior to the close of the public hearing.
Orchard, Tree Farming, Commercial: A planting of trees producing fruit and/or nuts and the
cultivation of trees for the purpose of sale.
Ordinary High-Water Mark: A mark that will be found by examining the bed and banks and
ascertaining where the presence and action of waters are so common and usual, and so long
continued in all ordinary years, as to mark upon the soil a character distinct from that of the
abutting upland. In any area where the ordinary high water mark cannot be found, the ordinary
high water mark adjoining fresh water shall be the line of mean high water.
Owners: Any person, partnership, corporation, association, unincorporated organization, trust
or any other legal commercial entity having sufficient proprietary interest to seek development of
land.
Overlay Zone: A zoning designation that supplements the provisions of the underlying zone
within a specified geographic area.
Paper Product Manufacturing: The manufacture of paper products.
Paper/Pulp Mills: Manufacturing plants producing paper and paper pulp from timber.
Park-and-Ride Facility: A parking area or structure used for the specific purpose of storing
motor vehicles in order that the occupants can transfer to a higher occupancy vehicle (HOV)
(e.g., buses, vans, carpool autos) to complete a trip.
Park, Public: A site designated or developed for recreational use by the public. Recreational
uses may include, but are not limited to, indoor facilities such as museums, swimming pools and
skating rinks, and outdoor facilities such as athletic fields, playgrounds, fishing areas, and areas
and trails for hikers, equestrians, bicyclists, or off-road recreational vehicle users.
Parking Area, Satellite: A parking area more than three hundred (300) feet away from the
establishment, building, structure, or use which it is designed to serve.
Parking Facility: A parking area, building, or structure used for the specific purpose of parking
or storage of motor vehicles.
Party of Record: A person who has provided verbal or written testimony in or regarding a
public hearing on a land use action.
Paved Surface: A paved surface shall consist of asphalt or Portland cement concrete laid to
City specifications.
Pawn Shop: An establishment where money is loaned on the security of personal property
pledged in the keeping of the owner or proprietor. Also includes the retail sales of used items.
Permitted Use: An allowable activity or use within a zoning district.
Person: A corporation, company, association, society, firm, partnership or joint stock company,
as well as an individual, a state, and all political subdivisions of a state or any agency or
instrumentality thereof.
Person or Party Having Standing: Any party of record.
Personal Services: Services including but are not limited to barber shops/beauty salons, nail
salons, tanning salons, specialty boutiques, day spas and similar services.
Pet Shop: The retail sale of household pets and pet supplies and equipment.
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Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacture: The manufacture of petroleum and coal products
including lubricating oil, oil compounding
Photographic Studio: A retail establishment that provides portrait and other photographic
services.
Planned Unit Development(P.U.D.): A land development project planned comprehensively as
an entity through a design process prescribed by ordinance which permits some flexibility in the
regulations of the underlying zone.
Planning Agency: The Spokane Valley Community Development Department, together with its
planning commission.
Planning Commission: See "Commission."
Plastic Molding (thermoplastic): A process of converting pelletized plastic into molds using
heat, without the use of solvents or volatile organic compounds (VOC). Thermoplastic resins
can be melted, formed and resolidified. Thermoplastic processes include injection molding, blow
molding, injection blow molding, rotational molding, roto molding, and extrusion molding. Does
not include solvent molding.
Plastic Molding (Thermoset): an injection molding process which uses heat, industrial
processes and solvents to create plastic forms which cannot be re-formed. Thermoset
processes include bag molding, cold molding, jet molding, pulp molding, transfer molding and
compression molding.
Plastic Solvent molding: Also known as Dip molding, forms thermoplastic articles by dipping
a male mold and drawing off the solvent to leave a plastic film adhering to the mold.
Plastic and Rubber Product Manufacture: A chemical manufacturing process utilizing resin
and synthetic compounds for plastics and rubber.
Post Office, Postal Center: A facility owned or operated under contract with the U.S. Postal
Service for the delivery of mail and packages.
Precision Instrument Runway: An existing or planned runway with instrument approach
utilizing an Instrument Landing System (ILS), or Precision Approach Radar (PAR) as prescribed
by the Federal Aviation Administration.
Principal Use: The predominant use to which the lot or property is or may be devoted and to
which all other uses are accessory.
Principal Structure: The principal building or other structure on a lot or building site designed
or used to accommodate the primary use to which the premises are devoted. Where a permitted
use involves more than one building or structure designed or used for the primary purpose,
each permitted building or other structure on a lot or building sign as defined by this Code shall
be construed as comprising a principal structure.
Print Shop: A retail print services, including blueprinting, photostat, copier and other business
support services.
Printing, Reprographics and Bookbinding: Commercial printing including engraving,
manifold form printing and book binding.
Repeater Facility: A facility for the non-commercial reception and retransmission of radio
signals.
Prohibited Use: A use not specifically enumerated as a permitted use, accessory use, with or
without standards and conditions, a conditional use, a temporary use, or a nonconforming use.
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Public Utility: A regulated public or private enterprise with an exclusive franchise for providing
a public service paid for directly by the recipient of that service.
Public Utility Local Distribution Facility: Any building, structure, or device which transfers
directly to the public the service or supply provided by a public utility, including telephone,
electric , gas, cable television, water and sewer, and all other facilities, equipment and
structures necessary for conducting a local distribution service by a government or public utility.
Public Utility Transmission Facility: Any building, structure, or device which does not directly
transfer to the public the service or supply provided by a public utility, including telephone,
electric (greater than fifty-five thousand [55,000] volts or fifty-five [55] KV), gas, cable television,
water and sewer, and all other facilities, equipment, and structures, including substations,
switching stations, and reservoirs.
Racecourse: An outdoor track or course laid out for competition, testing, practice or use by
motorized vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, go-carts, all-terrain vehicles,
mopeds, scooters, snowmobiles, motorcycles, remote controlled cars and airplanes. See also
Entertainment, Outdoor.
Racetrack: A state-licensed facility permitting competitive racing of vehicles, horses and dogs.
Radio/TV Broadcasting Studio: Facilities serving the broadcast media.
Railroad Yard, Repair Shop and Roundhouse: Facilities serving railroad operations.
Record: The official file, exhibits, maps and slides including the tape recorded proceedings or
transcription thereof.
Recreational Vehicle (RV): A vehicular type designed as temporary living quarters for
recreational, camping, or travel use, with or without motor power including, but not limited to,
travel trailers, truck campers, camping trailers and self-propelled motor homes.
Recreational Vehicle Park/Campground: An area where facilities are provided for recreational
or camping vehicles or travel trailers, tents or other portable habitation, utilized by the public as
a place for camping, vacationing, or temporary usage, which are in place for not more than thirty
(30) days. The park may include certain recreational or service facilities for the use of the
residents of the park.
Recreational Vehicle Sales and Service: An area for the display, sales and service of
recreational vehicles.
Restaurant: An establishment serving food to the general public in specific, designated dining
areas.
Restaurant, Drive-In: an establishment designed and constructed to serve food for
consumption on the premises in an automobile or for carry-out for off premises consumption
and which establishment may or may not have on-premises dining room or counter.
Restaurant, Drive-Through: An establishment serving food to the general public with
designated dining areas and allowing carry-out window(s) serving a single lane of automobiles
for the purpose of serving food to go where food consumption is not allowed in automobiles on
the premises.
Retail Sales: An establishment engaged in selling goods or merchandise to the general public
for personal or household consumption and rendering services incidental to the sale of such
goods.
Retaining Wall: Any wall not an integral part of a building, used to resist the lateral
displacement of earth material.
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Senior/Elderly Housing: A housing development designed and restricted for individuals and
couples over the age of fifty-five years.
Riding Stable: A commercial enterprise renting horses and providing instruction.
Right-of-Way: The land area provided by dedication for public use for streets, utilities, walks,
and other uses, also providing access to adjoining properties.
Roadway: The paved or improved portion of a street/road, designed or ordinarily used for
vehicular travel including shoulders, auxiliary lanes, curbs, sidewalks, etc.
Rolling Mill: Primary metal manufacturing including the rolling and drawing of purchased steel
and steel shape manufacture.
Roof: A structural covering over any portion of a building or structure, including the projections
beyond the walls or supports of the building or structure.
Runway: Any existing or planned paved surface or turf-covered area of an airport which is
specifically designed and used, or planned to be used, for the landing and/or taking off of
aircraft.
Schools: Public and private institutions of learning offering instruction from kindergarten to
grade 12 required by the Education Code of the State of Washington.
Schools, Professional, Vocational and Trade Schools: Post-secondary professional and
training education.
Secondhand Store/Consignment Sales: The sale and resale of used merchandise including
thrift shops, and consignment shops.
Secure Residential Treatment Facility: See Essential Public Facilities.
SEPA: The Washington State Environmental Policy Act of 1971 and administrative codes
developed pursuant thereto or any amendments thereto.
Sign: A visual communication device, structure, or fixture which is visible from any right-of-way
and is intended to aid in promoting the sale of products, goods, services, events or to identify a
building using graphics, letters, figures, symbols, trademarks or written copies. Sign types
include:
• Sign, Abandoned: A sign that advertises a product or service no longer available or a
business no longer in operation; a sign which is illegible, non functional, in disrepair, or
hazardous as a result of lack of maintenance; a nonconforming sign structure that has
lost legal status as a result of abandonment or lack of use.
• Sign, Billboard: A structure for the purpose of leasing advertising space to promote an
interest other than that of an individual, business, product or service available on the
premises on which the billboard is located.
• Sign, Building: An extension of a building (e.g. awning, canopy, marquee), whether
permanent or temporary, which contains copy.
• Bulletin Board: See Reader Board.
• Sign, Copy: Letters, characters, illustrations, logos, graphics, symbols, writing or any
combination thereof, designed to communicate information of any kind, or to advertise,
announce or identify a person, entity, business, business product, or to advertise the
sale, rental or lease of premises.
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• Sign, Copy Area: The area of the sign containing any copy, symbol, sign, logo or
graphic.
• Sign, Directional: Any sign relating solely to internal pedestrian and vehicular traffic
circulation within a complex or project.
• Sign, Electronic: A sign that can be changed by electrical, electronic or computerized
process; inclusive of video boards.
• Sign, Flashing: An electrical sign or portion thereof which changes light intensity in a
brief, brilliant, or sudden and transient outburst of light causing a steady on and off,
glittering, sparkling, or oscillating pattern.
• Sign, Freestanding: A permanent sign not attached to or forming part of a building.
• Sign, Freeway: A permanent free-standing on-premises sign or billboard located on a
parcel adjacent and contiguous to Interstate Highway 90.
• Sign, Inflatable: Any temporary hollow item or character expanded or enlarged by the
use of air or gas.
• Sign, Menu Board: An on-site display of menu items at a restaurant; not meant to be
viewed from the street.
• Sign, Monument: A sign and supporting structure constructed as a solid structure or
one that gives the appearance of a continuous, non-hollow, unbroken mass.
• Sign, Multi-Business Complex: A sign with a primary facility name and a list of the
individual stores or businesses mounted on one structural element. Such a sign type
includes signage describing a mall arrangement, a strip-center development, an
industrial park complex, or a multi-business structure or complex of buildings with a
unifying name and a listing of businesses contained within the grouping.
• Mural: A work of art applied directly to a wall, ceiling, or floor surface where forms
and/or figures are the dominant elements and not intended for commercial advertising.
Any form of wording or logo shall be of secondary nature to a mural.
• Name Plate: A sign showing only the name and address of the owner or occupant of the
premises.
• Sign, Non-Conforming: Any sign which was lawfully erected and maintained on private
property which now, as a result of code amendments, does not conform to all applicable
regulations and restrictions of this chapter.
• Sign, Notice: A sign intended to safeguard the premises (e.g. "No Parking", "No
Trespassing", "Watch Dog on Duty"); or which identifies emergency telephone number,
hours, and security information.
• Sign, Obsolete: A sign not removed within thirty-six months by the owner or lessee of
the premises upon which the sign is located when the advertised business is no longer
conducted on the premises.
• Sign, Official: A sign erected by a governmental agency within its territorial jurisdiction
for the purpose of carrying out an official duty or responsibility and including, but not
limited to, traffic signs and signals, zoning signs, and street signs. Special lighting or
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banners celebrating seasonal or civic events sponsored and/or endorsed by the City
Council may be Official signs.
• Sign, Off-Premise: A sign displaying copy that pertains to a business, person,
organization, activity, event, place, service, or product not principally located or primarily
manufactured or sold on the premises on which the sign is located.
• Sign, On-Premise: A sign which advertises or directs attention to a business, person,
organization, activity, event, place, service, or product which is manufactured and/or
available on the premises where the sign is located.
• Sign, Portable: A sign not permanently attached or affixed to the ground or other
permanent structure, or a sign designed to be transported or moved from place to place,
including, but not limited to signs designed to be transported by means of wheels.
• Reader Board: A sign face consisting of tracks to hold readily changeable letters
allowing frequent changes of copy.
• Sign, Roof: A sign supported by and erected on or above a roof.
• Sign Area: The gross surface area of the sign, including a single surface of a sign with
messages on both sides, the sum of all surfaces where two or more signs share a single
structure, the gross surface area of both faces of a V-shaped sign; and the copy area of
a monument sign. In the case of an irregularly shaped sign, the sign area is calculated
by enclosing the extreme limits of the sign by no more than four (4) rectangles. The sum
of the area of the rectangles shall be the gross surface area. The maximum allowable
area is reduced by 10% for the second and each subsequent rectangle used in the
calculation.
• Sign, Support Structure(s): Posts or columns and the anchors and bolts that
structurally support the sign attached to it.
• Sign, Temporary: A sign which is to be removed within a specific period of time or
upon the occurrence of a specified event meeting the height and area requirements of
Table 7.02; inclusive of inflatables.
• Sign, Three-Sided: A sign with three faces.
• Sign, Two-Sided: A sign with two faces.
• Sign, Video Board: See Electronic Sign.
• Wall Area: The two dimensional representation of a building elevation, including
windows and doors, excluding eaves.
• Sign, Wall (attached): A permanent sign attached or erected parallel to and extending
not more than fifteen (15) inches from the façade or face of any building to which it is
attached and supported throughout its entire length, with the exposed face of the sign
parallel to the plane of said wall or façade. Signs incorporated into mansard roofs,
marquees or canopies are wall signs.
Sign Manufacturing/Repair: The manufacture of commercial signs and sign support
structures.
Sign Painting Shop: The painting, etching or printing of sign copy.
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Site Development Plan: A plan drawn to scale for one (1) or more lots, parcels or tracts on
which is shown the existing and proposed conditions of the lot, tract or parcel.
Soap and Cleaning Compound Manufacturing: The manufacture of soaps, detergents and
cleaning chemicals and solvents.
Solid Waste: All putrescible and non-putrescible solid and semisolid material, including, but not
limited to, garbage, refuse, bulky wastes, inert waste, agricultural solid waste, sewage sludge
and demolition and construction wastes.
Solid Waste Recycling/Transfer Site: A site storing solid waste or recyclable materials, prior
to transport to a central disposal or collection location.
Specialized Training/Learning Schools/Studios: Gymnastics, martial arts and dance studios
and similar activities providing instruction to persons of all ages.
Specified Anatomical Areas: Human genitals, pubic region, buttock, and female breast below
a point immediately above the top of the areola, when such areas are less than completely and
opaquely covered. This definition shall also include human male genitals in a discernibly turgid
state, even if completely and opaquely covered.
Specified Sexual Activities: Human genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal; acts of
human masturbation, sexual intercourse or sodomy; fondling or other erotic touching of human
genitals, pubic region, buttock or female breast.
Stealth: Any Wireless Communications Antenna Array or Wireless Communication Support
Tower which is designed to blend into the surrounding environment. Examples of stealth may
include architecturally screened roof-mounted antennas, building-mounted antennas painted to
match the existing structure, antennas integrated into architectural elements, and wireless
communication support towers designed to look like trees, clock towers, bell steeples, light
poles or flag poles.
Storage, General Indoor: The storage of equipment, merchandise and supplies within an
enclosed structure.
Storage, General Outdoor: The storage of any equipment, machinery, commodities, raw,
semi-finished materials, and building materials, not accessory to a residential use, which is
visible from any point on the building lot line when viewed from ground level to six feet above
ground level.
Storage, Self-Service Facility: A facility including buildings and/or structures containing
spaces of varying sizes leased, rented or sold on an individual basis and used exclusively for
the storage of excess property and outdoor storage of vehicles and boats.
Stormwater Drainage Facility: Constructed and natural features which function together as a
system to collect, convey, channel, hold, inhibit, retain, detain, infiltrate evaporate, divert, treat
or filter stormwater. Stormwater facilities include but are not limited to, pipes, ditches, culverts,
street gutters, detention ponds, retention ponds, evaporation ponds, constructed wetlands,
infiltration devices, catch basins, oil/water separators and swales.
Story: That portion of a building included between the upper surface of any floor and the upper
surface of the floor next above, except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building
included between the upper surface of a topmost floor and the ceiling or roof above.
Street, Arterial Principal: Principal arterials serve the major centers of activity in urbanized
areas and include the highest traffic volume corridors, serve the longest trips and carry a high
proportion of the total urban travel, even though they constitute a relatively small percentage of
the total roadway network.
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Street, Arterial, Minor: The minor arterial street system interconnects with and augments the
principal arterial system. It accommodates trips of moderate length at a lower level of travel
mobility than principal arterials. This system places more emphasis on land access than the
principal arterial system. Such a facility may carry local bus routes and provide intra-community
continuity, but ideally does not penetrate identifiable
Street, Collector: The collector provides both land access and traffic circulation within
residential neighborhoods and commercial and industrial areas. It differs from the arterial
system in that facilities from the collector system may penetrate residential neighborhoods,
distributing trips from arterials through the area to their ultimate destinations. Conversely, the
collector system also collects traffic from local streets in residential neighborhoods and channels
it into the arterial system.
Street, Flanking: One of the two streets abutting a corner lot which is not parallel with the lot
front line.
Street, Local Access: A street providing access to abutting property.
Structure: Any construction, including a building or any portion thereof, erected for the
purposes of support, shelter or enclosure of persons, animals or property of any kind, including
swimming pools, decks in excess of thirty (30) inches in height, and roof overhangs exceeding
three (3) feet. A fence of six feet (6'-0") or less in height is not a structure for purposes of this
chapter, nor a masonry, brick, concrete, or cinder block wall of less than twenty-four inches in
height.
Subdivision: The subdivision of land into two or more parts for the purpose of establishing
building sites, and including both short subdivisions and long subdivisions.
Tailor: A personal service providing alterations and fittings for apparel.
Tank Storage (LPG): The storage of liquefied petroleum gas or its component gases.
Tank Storage, Critical Materials: The storage of critical materials, including but not limited
gasoline, kerosene, diesel, lubricating oils, and solvents.
Tanning and Curing of Hides: The preparation of animal hides and skins for the manufacture
of leather products.
Tavern: A retail establishment serving alcoholic beverages with incidental food service.
Taxidermy: The operation of preserving, stuffing and mounting the skins of dead birds and
animals for exhibition.
Theater: A structure or area designed for the presentation of live performances, including
dramatic works and concerts, or motion pictures.
Telecommunications: The transmission, between or among points specified by the user, of
audio and/or visual information and data of the user's choosing, without change in the form or
content of the information as sent and received.
• Alternative Mounting Structure: A water tower, man made tree, clock tower, church
steeple, bell tower, utility pole, light standard, free standing sign, flagpole, or similar
structure, designed to support and camouflage or conceal the presence of
telecommunications antennas.
• Antenna: A structure or device used to collect or radiate radio, television, or microwave
electromagnetic waves, including directional antennas, such as panels, wireless cable and
satellite dishes, and omni-directional antennas, such as whips, but not including satellite
earth stations or noncommercial antennae installations for home use of radio or television.
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• Array: An arrangement of antennas and their supporting structure.
• Collocation: A single telecommunications tower and/or site used by more than one
telecommunications service provider.
• Dish: A parabolic or bowl shaped device that receives and/or transmits signals in a
specific directional pattern.
• EIA-222: Electronics Industries Association Standard 222, "Structural Standards for Steel
Antenna Towers and Antennas Support Structures."
• Electric Transmission: A self-supporting structure in excess of 50 feet in height designed
to support high voltage electric lines. This does not include local utility or distribution poles
(with or without transformers) designed to provide electric service to individual customers.
• Guyed: Any telecommunications tower supported in whole or in part by cables anchored to
the ground.
• Height: The distance measured from grade to the highest point of any and all components
of the structure, including antennas, hazard lighting, and other appurtenances, if any.
• Monopole: A self-supporting telecommunications tower, which consists of a single vertical
pole, fixed into the ground and/or attached to a foundation.
• Panel: An antenna which receives and/or transmits signals in a directional pattern.
• Self-Supporting Lattice: A telecommunications tower that consists of an open network of
metal braces, usually triangular or square in cross-section.
• Service: The offering of telecommunications for a fee directly to the public, or to such
classes of users as to be effectively available directly to the public, regardless of the
facilities used.
• Stealth: A telecommunications antenna that is effectively camouflaged or concealed from
view.
• Telecommunications Antenna An antenna used to provide a telecommunications
service. This excludes lightning rods, private mobile radio systems, amateur radio antennas
less than 35 feet in height in residential districts and 50 feet in height in non-residential
districts, and whip antennas less than 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter and less than 10 feet in
height.
• Tower: A self-supporting or guyed structure more than twenty feet in height, built primarily
to support one or more telecommunications antennas.
• Whip: An omni-directional dipole antenna of cylindrical shape which is no more than 6
inches in diameter.
Temporary Use: A use permitted for a specified period of time.
Textile Manufacture: The manufacture of textiles, carpet, canvas and cordage, including
knitting.
Tire Recap and Retread Manufacture: The process of refurbishing and retreading used
vehicle tires.
Title Notice: A document recorded with the County Auditor for the purpose of disclosure of
important information, special conditions, restrictions, and/or circumstances that affect the
property to a purchaser, lender and others.
Tower, Ham Operator: A structure less than seventy-five (75) feet in height above grade used
for two-way (2) communication for hobby or emergency service purposes by private individuals.
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Tower, Wind Turbine Support: A structure not enclosed with exterior walls used for the
production of energy such as a wind turbine tower. (Public utility towers used for the distribution
or transmission of electricity and Wireless Communication Support Towers are not included in
this definition.
Transit Center: A facility serving transit patrons which may serve as a transfer point between
different transportation modes and routes, and providing parking.
Transitional Housing: Congregate living facilities for temporarily displaced individuals and
families with an on-site resident manager, including but not limited to homeless and protective
shelters. Detention and Post-detention Facilities, Hospital, Psychiatric and/or Substance Abuse
and Secure Community Transition Facilities are not transitional housing.
Truck Sales, Rental, Repair and Maintenance: Land and facilities offering the sale service
and maintenance of motor vehicles and cargo trailers with a manufacturers gross vehicle weight
in excess of one-ton.
Truck Stop: A facility providing parking, fueling, and restaurant services for large trucks, and
may include truck washing facilities, sleeping accommodations and showers for drivers.
Upholstery Shop: A retail service for the upholstery and re-upholstery of furniture.
Variance: The means by which an adjustment may be made in the application of the specific
regulations of this Code to a particular piece of property, which property, because of special
circumstances applicable to it, is deprived of privileges commonly enjoyed by other properties in
the vicinity and similar zone classification and which adjustment remedies the difference in
privileges, provided, that a variance granted shall not authorize a use otherwise prohibited in the
zone classification in which the property is located.
Vehicle: An item, not a manufactured (mobile) home, which is designed to transport objects,
merchandise, other articles, or persons from one point to another whether the item (vehicle) is
operable or inoperable.
Veterinary Hospital or Clinic, Small Animal: An establishment other than a kennel in which
veterinary medical services, clipping, bathing, boarding and similar services, are rendered to
dogs, cats and other small animals and domestic pets.
Veterinary Hospital or Clinic, Large Animal: An establishment providing veterinary medical
services and similar services to !livestock, such as horses, cows, donkeys, sheep, pigs, and
similar animals, and may include outdoor pens.
WRIA: Water Resources Inventory Area.
Warehouse: A building in which more than fifty percent of the ground floor area is utilized for
the storage of products, which is not the office or showroom area of the building.
Wholesale business: Those businesses which sell, broker, transfer, receive or otherwise
handle volume commodities for fabrication, resale or internal commercial or industrial
consumption.
Wood Product Manufacturing - manufacture wood products, such as lumber, plywood,
veneers, wood containers, wood flooring, wood trusses, manufactured homes (i.e., mobile
home), and prefabricated wood buildings. The production processes include sawing, planing,
shaping, laminating, and assembling of wood products starting from logs that are cut into bolts,
or lumber that then may be further cut, or shaped by lathes or other shaping tools.
Welding: The process of uniting metal parts through heat and/or pressure.
Wrecking, Junk and Salvage Yards: Any area, lot, land, parcel, building, structure or part
thereof where waste, discarded or salvaged materials are exchanged, handled, bought, sold,
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baled, packed, stripped, stored, dumped or disassembled, including but not limited to inoperable
vehicles, tires, machines or remnants thereof, and/or metals, paper, rags, tires and bottles.
Yard: An open space other than a court, on a lot, unoccupied and unobstructed from the ground
upward.
• Front Yard: An area extending across the full width of a lot and lying between the lot
front line and building setback line. The front yard is generally recognized by location of
the main entrance to the building and/or orientation to the primary street. "
• Rear Yard: An area extending across the full width of the lot and lying between the lot
rear line and that portion of a proposed or existing building or structure closest to the lot
rear line or between the lot rear line and the required rear yard depth in each
classification when no building or structure exists or is proposed. Side Yard - That area
of a lot, unoccupied, which is neither a front yard, a rear yard nor a flanking street yard.
• Flanking Street Yard: That unoccupied area of a lot which is coterminous with a
flanking street bounded by the front yard and rear yard and the flanking street yard
depth.
Youth Camp: The use of a site for indoor or outdoor activities for children, including sports, arts
and crafts, entertainment, recreation, educational activities, swimming, fishing, horseback riding
and incidental food service.
Zone, Zoning District: A use classifications established for the purpose of promoting orderly
and efficient development of land compatible with surrounding areas implementing the
Comprehensive Plan.
Zoning District,
Zoning District,
Zoning District, Light Industrial: A zoning district permitting manufacturing and other
industrial uses, including the fabrication, transformation, or assembly of products that do not
involve the generation of objectionable noise, odor, vibration, and dust or hazard.
Zoning District, Heavy Industrial: A zoning district permitting manufacturing and other
industrial uses, including mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into
new products, including the assembling of component parts, the manufacturing of products, and
the blending of materials such as lubricating oils, plastics and resins.
Zoning District, Residential: Zoning districts established for residential purposes.
Zoological Park: Any facility other than a pet shop, circus, or kennel displaying, exhibiting or
keeping (one or more) species of animals.
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