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Subarea Plan LF 2.3 Street Open 10-15-09.pdfFig.2.3.1. Corridor Definition of terms 2.3.1. street standards The Street is defined as the area between the back-of-sidewalk lines. It includes the moving lanes, parking lanes, and medians as well as the sidewalk and any sidewalk landscape areas. Street Standards determine the requirements for the provision, configuration and design of new streets. They are established to enhance the connectivity of streets, to create safe and attractive streetscape environments, and to encourage walking throughout the Plan Area. All new streets within the Plan Area shall be designed and configured according to the following regulations. 1) Street Provisions The construction of new publicly accessible streets is required in instances where: i) The acreage of land to be developed exceeds the Maximum Block Size development standard; ii) The City’s Development Services Senior Engineer determines that a new street must be constructed due to the impacts of the development on the existing streets and traffic circulation. New streets intended for public access may also be constructed voluntarily to fulfill the design and development objectives of the private property owner. The provision, location, design and configuration of new streets shall conform to the regulations specified in the following sections. 2.3. st r e e t a n D Op e n sp a c e re g U l a t i O n s This section contains standards and guidelines designed to ensure that streets, blocks, open spaces, and landscaping throughout the Plan Area are provided and built with the quality and care necessary to enhance the transportation network, provide proper accessibility, and ensure the development of a wide range of public places within corridor as it intensifies. In addition to regulatory policies for the provision, configuration, and design of streets and open spaces, this section provides standards and guidelines for on-site improvements such as the design and landscaping of all spaces including front, side, and rear yards; screening for utility and service areas; as well as policies governing the treatment of furnishings, plant materials, and lighting. Main 5th 3rd B 1s t 1st 6th M o o r e Mo o r e Ba l f o u r D a r t m o u t h E a s t e r n H o u k B e s t n Her ald He ra ld Gi r ar d C o n k l i n Co n k l i n Si pp l e W i l b u r Vi s t a V is t a Pin e s Hu t c h i n s o n W i l l o w C r e s t Shell ey La S h e l l e y L a k e F ar r F a rr W i l b u r E lla R o t c h f o r d S ul l i v a n A d a m s S a r ge nt Pa r k Ra y m o n d L oc u st B l a k e Bl a ke Un i v e r si t y B ow d i s h Ar g onn e B an n e n H e a c o x 6th 7th Wa l n ut Alki Springfield 1st Springfield 4th 3rd Su n d e r l a nd S p e a r Nixon 7th Riverside Main Olive Nixon Nixon D ar t m o ut h B ol i v a r 6th 5th Va n Ma r t e r 3rd M of f it t Pe r r i n e Olive Riv e r s i de Ba t es U n i o n Cl i n t on Mc C abe 5th Ti m b e rl a n e Riverside R Sk ip w or th Springfield S on o r a Alki V er c l er Springfield Un io n Wi l b u r Fo x V ir g in i a B u r n s L e ta Alki Nixon Main M a m e r 5th Su n d e r l a n d 6th Nixon 7th Springfield S o m m e r 3rd B e s t 5th Ca l v i n 1st C a nn e r y Main L u c i l l e Wh i p p l e M a m e r B a n n e n 6th 7th M ay he w V i r g i n i a 7th7th 3rd B u r n s S t C h a r l e s Ho u k 5th Springfield Riverside Dic k R ob i e Ho uk Nixon L ea t ha Olive Springfield Alki Mallon Mo r r o w Ve r c l e r S ki p w or th L 6th Spruce Birch C a l v i n W a r r e n Riverside Mc Ca be Valleyway R ee s He r a l d Fe l t s 7th M u l l a n G l e n n S t C h a rl e s 6th Dy e r Nixon Alki 2nd 2nd Valleyway R a ym o nd 6th M a m e r B o li v a r Main Do l l a r O be rli n Va n M ar t e rNixon H e ra l d Main Da v i d 3rd Fo x 1st P ie rc e er n 3rd Br a d l e y 6th E li z ab e t h 6thPerrin e N e w e r Fo x W o od l aw n G le n n 1st C a l vi n 7th Alki d Do r a 2nd Bo l i v a r C ol l in s Sprin g f ield C ole m a n M es a Bu r n s Dy e r 3rd Gil l i s Pi er c e 8th e e s Sk i p w o r t h Alki 5th S o n o r a 2nd La u r a M ar guer ite Mo r r o w Da le Sa rg e n t B o l i v a r 6th Dy e r 6th 2nd Valleyway Mo r r o w Wo o d r uf f 2nd Nixon Wh i p p le 7th Alki El ton G l e n n Bo g u e R e e s AlkiAlki Main Alki 5th Main 5thMoo r e B et le n Riverside Nixon D ish m a n 3rd Riceland 5th Olive y Ho u k Un i o n Valleyway W i ll o w B e s t P r o g r e s s I 90 Alki Main Main H ou k N e w e r Ea s t e r n 7th E v e r g r e e n M of f i tt Sprague 4th Harrington Apple way Main 3rd 2nd Broadway I 9 0 1st 1st Valleyway Be s si e Valleyway Felts 8th 8th Th i e r m a n M c D on a ld 4th R a ilr o a d T r a c k s Ar g o n n e Mu l l l a n iii) Step 3 – Introduce Alleys and Open Spaces that will increase access to properties and enhance their value and livability. Alleys are recommended as the preferred means for defining half-blocks. iv) Step 4 – Introduce a preliminary master plan showing layout of streets, buildings and open space according to the development regulations for the applicable district zones. This diagram illustrates, step-by-step, how to introduce new streets and open spaces on large parcels to help define smaller blocks. i) Step 1 – Calculate the parcel size and determine if new streets and blocks are required. ii) Step 2 – Introduce New Streets: Create a layout for new streets according to the principles detailed in Section 2.3. Street and Open Space Regulations Fig.2.3.1. 1) new streets and open spaces provisions processBO O k ii : D e v e l O p m e n t r e g u l a t i O n s pa g e 42 s t r e e t a n D O p e n s p a c e r e g u l a t i O n s Main 5th 3rd B 1st 1st 6th M o o r e Mo o r e Ba l f o ur Dartmouth Eastern H o u k B e s t n Herald He ra ld Gir ar d C o n k l i n Co n k l i n Sipp l e W i l b u r Vi s t a Vis t a Pi n e s Hu t c h i n s o n W i l l o w C r e s t Shelle y La S h e l l e y L a k e Far r Farr W i l b u r Ella R o t c h f o r d S ul l i v a n A d a m s Sarge nt Pa rk Ra y m o n d Loc u st B l a k e Bl a ke Un i v ersi t y B ow d i s h Ar gonne B an n e n Heacox 6th 7th Wa l n ut Alki Springfield 1st Springfield 4th 3rd Su n d e r l and Spear Nixon 7th Riverside Main Olive Nixon Nixon Dar t mout h B oli v a r 6th 5th Va nMa r t er 3rd M of f itt Pe r r i n e Olive Riv e r s i de Ba t es U n i o n Cl i n t on Mc C abe 5th Ti m b e rl a n e Riverside R Sk ip w or th Springfield S on o r a Alki V er c l er Springfield Un io n Wi l b u r Fo x V ir g in i a B u r n s L e ta Alki Nixon Main M a m e r 5th Su n d e r l a n d 6th Nixon 7th Springfield S o m m e r 3rd B e s t 5th Ca l v i n 1st C a nn e r y Main L u c i l l e Wh i p p l e M a m e r B a n n e n 6th 7th M ay he w V i r g i n i a 7th7th 3rd B u r n s S t C h a r l e s Ho u k 5th Springfield Riverside Di c k R ob i e Ho uk Nixon L ea t ha Olive Springfield Alki Mallon Mo r r o w Ve r c l e r S ki p w or th L 6th Spruce Birch C a l v i n W a r r e n Riverside Mc Ca be Valleyway R ee s He r a l d Fe lts 7th Mullan Glenn S t C h a rl e s 6th Dy e r Nixon Alki 2nd 2nd Valleyway Raym ond 6th M a m e r B o li v a r Main Do l l a r Obe rli n Va n Mar t e rNixon Hera l d Main Da v i d 3rd Fo x 1st Pie rc e er n 3rd Br a d l e y 6th Eli z ab e t h 6thPerrin e N e w e r Fo x W o od l aw n Gle n n 1st C a l vi n 7th Alki d Do r a 2nd Bo l i v a r C ol l in s Springfield Col e m a n Mes a Bu r n s Dy e r 3rd Gil l i s Pier c e 8th e e s Sk i p w o r t h Alki 5th S o n o r a 2nd La u r a Mar guerite Mo r r o w Da le Sa rg ent B o l i v a r 6th Dy e r 6th 2nd Valleyway Mo r r o w Wo o d ruf f 2nd Nixon Wh i p p le 7th Alki EltonG l e n n Bo g u e R e e s AlkiAlki Main Alki 5th Main 5thMoo r e B et le n Riverside Nixon D is h m an 3rd Riceland 5th Olive y Ho u k Un i o n Valleyway Will o w B e s t P r o g r e s s I 90 Alki Main Main H ou k N e w e r Ea s t e r n 7th E v e r g r e e n M of f i tt Sprague 4th Harrington Appleway Main 3rd 2nd Broadway I90 1st 1st Valleyway Bessie Valleyway Felts 8th 8th Th i e r m a n M c D on a ld 4th R ailr o a d T r a c k s Ar g o n n e Mu l l l a n 2) Pre-located Streets The pre-located street map (see Figure 2.3.1.2) above) shows preferred alignments for future streets within the corridor. Required new streets shall be constructed in the located shown on the pre-located street map. The new street alignments are also considered future acquisition areas. To ensure that new streets can be constructed in the future, buildings may not be constructed on a pre-located street and buildings must be set back the minimum distance shown on the district zone charts located in Section 2.1. The street or future alignment may be relocated at the discretion of the Community Development Director/Designee if the applicant can show that the proposed new configuration satisfies the same traffic requirements and establishes an equivalent interconnected street network. 3) Maximum Block Size Block size is a measure of the total area, in acres, bounded by the property lines that define a parcel or assembled parcel. The Maximum Block Size specifically regulates the total area of contiguous properties that ultimately form a city block. Maximum Block Size regulations result in limitations on amount of contiguous property that may be developed within the boundaries of publicly accessible streets. Development increments - that is properties or assemblages of contiguous properties to be developed - that exceed the specified Maximum Block Size standard (after providing any required pre-located streets) must construct additional new publicly accessible streets in locations that result in the creation of city blocks that do not exceed the Maximum Block Size. New streets must be designed, configured, and located in accordance with the standards specified in the following sections. Maximum Block Size standards are specified for each District Zone in the Development Standards charts. In no case do alleys or passages qualify as defining edges of a block. For the purposes of determining block size, alleys and passages must always be considered as part of the interior of a block. F ig .2.3.1. 2) pre-located streets map map legend Plan Area Boundary Parcel Line Pre-located Streets Pre-Located Core Street (see section 2.1.1. 1)) 4) Street Configuration a) Connectivity i) All new streets shall connect with existing streets and be configured to allow for future extension whenever possible. ii) New private, internal streets and cul-de-sacs longer than two hundred (200) feet are not permitted (dead end roads over one hundred and fifty (150) feet need an approved fire apparatus turn-around). iii) New dead-end streets are permitted so long as they are configured to allow for future extension onto adjacent properties and could not otherwise connect to an existing street. b) Abandonment In order to maintain the accessibility provided by the block structure of the corridor, existing public streets or alleys may not be closed permanently unless the closure is part of the provision of a network of new streets that satisfy all street regulations. 5) Access Management Regulations for Sprague and Appleway These regulations are intended to supplement those in the City’s adopted street standards in order to preserve the functionality of these Principal Arterials and to minimize conflicts between access points and future high-capacity transit in the corridor. In the event of conflict between the sub-area plan and the street standards, the more restrictive regulation will apply. a) Appleway Avenue (one-way sections) Access to Appleway Avenue one-way sections shall be regulated by access hierarchy in the Parking Chapter, Section 2.4.2.3). Direct access to Appleway from properties along either side of the right-of-way will be temporary and may be revoked if the access conflicts with future high capacity transit alignment. b) Appleway Boulevard (two-way sections) Access to Appleway Boulevard two-way sections shall be regulated by the hierarchy in the Parking Chapter, Section 2.4.2.3). Access shall be right in/right out only. Direct access to Appleway from properties along the south side of the right-of-way will be temporary and may be revoked if the access conflicts with future high capacity transit alignment. c) Sprague Avenue from Thierman to Tschirley: Access to Sprague Avenue shall be regulated by the hierarchy in the Parking Chapter, Section 2.4.2.3). d) Commercial, industrial, and multifamily developments: Shall provide parking lot travel lane connections consistent with SVMC 22.130.039 and grant easements to adjacent properties. e) Restrictions on changing street access: Applicants may not use land use actions, such as boundary line adjustments, short plats, subdivisions or binding site plans, to eliminate access to a parcel from a side street or alley in order to gain direct access from Sprague or Appleway. B O O k ii : D e v e l O p m e n t r e g u l a t i O n s pa g e 43 s t r e e t a n D O p e n s p a c e r e g u l a t i O n s 6) Street Types In instances where new streets are required (e.g. to satisfy the Maximum Block Size Regulations) as well as in instances where new streets are voluntarily provided by property developers, such new streets shall be designed in accordance with the regulations provided in this section. New streets shall be designed as illustrated in the following Street Type Sections. An applicant may propose modifications to the accompanying Street Types provided that it can be shown that the modified street design satisfies or enhances the streetscape environment, subject to review by the Community Development Director/Designee. Designing all landscaped areas within the street right-of-way to be functional stormwater treatment facilities is encouraged. Recommended configurations for these facilities are shown in Section 2.3.3. Street and Open Space Guidelines for where space is limited. New streets within the Plan Area are also recommended to incorporate bike routes that enhance the Comprehensive Plan’s Bike/Pedestrian System. Appropriate pavement markings and signage shall be installed where appropriate. There should also be bicycle parking facilities appropriately located in the City Center District Zone. a) Core Street i) Purpose: Organize the primary public realm to create an environment suitable for shopping and strolling along active retail, eating, and entertainment uses. Core Street sidewalks should be wide and unobstructed to provide ample room for pedestrians to walk, and to encourage activities including outdoor dining, locations for kiosks, food carts, and flower stalls. ii) Components (1) On-street parking oriented parallel or at a forty five degree angle to the curb. (2) Each block shall have a single species of large, open-habit deciduous trees with a maximum spacing of forty (40) feet on-center. Trees should be located in tree grates that are flush mounted at the back of curb, or may be located in islands within the parking lanes. (a) Trees should be maintained in a way that provides unobstructed views to showroom windows and building signage. (3) Pedestrian-scale decorative street lighting in sidewalk with a maximum spacing of eighty (80) feet on-center. Light source should be located eleven to thirteen (11-13) feet above finished grade. (4) Fire hydrants shall be located on both sides of the street and installed at street corners wherever possible. 2.3.1.5) st r e e t ty p e se c t i O n s B O O k ii : D e v e l O p m e n t r e g u l a t i O n s pa g e 44 s t r e e t a n D O p e n s p a c e r e g u l a t i O n s b) City Street i) Purpose: Provide an attractive, urban street to serve as a primary travel corridor within and between neighborhood districts. The City Street is intended to serve urban residential and office development and should provide a desirable setting for development. ii) Components (1) Each block shall have a single species of large, open-habit deciduous trees with a maximum spacing of forty (40) feet on-center. Trees should be located in tree grates that are flush mounted at the back of curb. (2) Pedestrian-scale decorative street lighting in sidewalk with a maximum spacing of eighty (80) feet on-center. Light source should be located twelve to fourteen (12-14) feet above finished grade. (3) An optional eight (8) foot minimum wide planted, center median may be provided. This median can be narrowed approaching major intersections to accommodate left turn lanes. (4) Fire hydrants shall be located on both sides of the street and installed at street corners wherever possible. c) Neighborhood Street i) Purpose: Provide an attractive street to serve as a primary travel corridor within and between neighborhood districts. The Neighborhood Street is intended to serve residential and office development and should provide a desirable setting for development. ii) Components (1) Each block shall have a single species of large, open-habit deciduous trees with a maximum spacing of forty (40) feet on-center. Trees should be located in continuous planting strips a minimum of six (6) feet wide located along the back of curb. (2) Pedestrian-scale decorative street lighting in sidewalk with a maximum spacing of eighty (80) feet on-center. Light source should be located twelve to fourteen (12-14) feet above finished grade. (3) An optional eight (8) foot minimum wide planted, center median may be provided. This median can be narrowed approaching major intersections to accommodate left turn lanes. (4) Fire hydrants shall be located on both sides of the street and installed at street corners wherever possible. 2.3.1.5) st r e e t ty p e se c t i O n s B O O k ii : D e v e l O p m e n t r e g u l a t i O n s pa g e 45 s t r e e t a n D O p e n s p a c e r e g u l a t i O n s 2.3.1.5) st r e e t ty p e se c t i O n s e) Service Street i) Purpose: Provide a secondary street for internal circulation within the Gateway Commercial Districts to serve truck loading, parking access, and fleet storage. ii) Components (1) Single species of large, open-habit or upright deciduous or evergreen trees in planting strips with a maximum spacing of forty (40) feet on- center. (2) Street lighting located within the planting strip shall illuminate both the thoroughfare and sidewalk environment. Maximum spacing shall be one hundred and twenty (120) feet on-center. (3) Fire hydrants shall be located on both sides of the street and installed at street corners wherever possible. f) Alley i) Purpose: New Alleys may be constructed to provide vehicular and pedestrian access to rear yard garages, carriage homes and service areas. ii) Components (1) Alley right-of-way shall be a minimum of twenty (20) feet and the entire width must be paved. (2) Street lights must be provided with a maximum spacing of every one hundred and twenty (120) feet on-center. Lighting fixtures may be freestanding, or may be attached to adjacent structures. d) Neighborhood Green Street i) Purpose: Provide a centrally-located o pen space for public gatherings, surrounded by a streetscape environment that enhances the value of its surroundings. ii) Components (1) Large, open-habit deciduous trees in planting strips with trees planted with a maximum spacing of forty (40) feet on-center. (2) Pedestrian-scale decorative street lighting within the sidewalk and neighborhood green with a maximum spacing of eighty (80) feet on- center. Light source should be located twelve to fourteen (12-14) feet above finished grade. (3) A Neighborhood Green open space comprised primarily of grassy open space shall include public seating. (4) Fire hydrants shall be located on both sides of the street and installed at street corners wherever possible. B O O k ii : D e v e l O p m e n t r e g u l a t i O n s pa g e 46 s t r e e t a n D O p e n s p a c e r e g u l a t i O n s 2.3.1.5) st r e e t ty p e se c t i O n s g) Passage i) Purpose: New Passages may be constructed to provide a pedestrian connection between sidewalks or front yards and rear yards, rear residential garages, carriage homes, and service areas. ii) Components (1) Passage rights-of-way shall be a minimum of twenty (20) feet. The right- of-way must consist of a pedestrian walkway with a maximum six (6) foot width and continuous planting areas on both sides of the walkway. (2) Passage setback is defined as the required distance from the passage right-of-way to the primary building. The minimum required setback shall be five (5) feet. (3) Fenced Edge, Terraced Edge, or Flush Edge shall be constructed at the edge of Passage. (4) Street lights compatible with those required on Neighborhood Street must be provided with a minimum spacing of every one hundred and twenty (120) feet on-center. B O O k ii : D e v e l O p m e n t r e g u l a t i O n s pa g e 47 s t r e e t a n D O p e n s p a c e r e g u l a t i O n s 2.3.2. open space standards All new open spaces within the Plan Area, whether or not they are required by Open Space Provision regulations, shall be designed and configured according to the following sections. Open Space regulations set forth requirements for the provision and design of open spaces and landscaping elements in the Plan Area. These regulations are established to ensure a wide range of public spaces that complement the primary public streets and open spaces in each district. 1) Open Space Provision a) Public Open Space Public Open Space is required as specified in the Figure 2.3.3. Open Space Provision Chart. Public Open Space shall be built by developers as development occurs. All new streets, whether or not they are required by Street Provision Regulations, may be counted toward Public Open Space requirements. 3) Landscaping a) Trees Street trees shall be kept trimmed back from roadway travel lanes and shall maintain twenty (20) feet clear between tree crowns to maintain fire access apparatus access and operation. b) Stormwater Management All development shall adhere to Spokane Valley Municipal Code – SVMC 22.150. c) Setback Areas Front Setback areas shall be treated in accordance with the following standards in addition to the standards stated in Private Frontage Standards as specified in Section 2.2.6. i) Front setback areas in front of all Shopfront or Arcade frontages shall be paved as extensions of the public sidewalk ii) Front setback areas that are not along Shopfront or Arcade frontages shall provide pathways connecting the public sidewalk to the front door and to any parking areas, and shall otherwise be planted across the entire property frontage (in addition to other edge treatments required per Private Frontage Standards for that District Zone). 4) Lighting i) Street lighting shall use decorative poles and fixtures. ii) Lighting and planting plans shall be coordinated to avoid light pole and tree conflicts. 5) Walls and Fences a) Frontage Walls and Fences i) Overall height of fences and walls located in the front yard shall not exceed three (3) feet. ii) Chain link fencing, barbed-wire, razor-wire, and corrugated metal fencing shall not be permitted. 6) Utility and Service Area Screening i) Utility, Trash, Recycling, Food Waste and Service Equipment, including satellite receiving dishes, transformers, and backflow devices, shall be located away from streets and enclosed or screened from view by landscaping, fencing or other architectural means. (1) For safety, screening devices shall be designed to maintain visibility of movement behind the screen. ii) Trash facilities and recycling containers must always be within structural enclosures. iii) Rooftop equipment must be set back a minimum of ten (10) feet from building walls, screened on all sides, and integrated into the overall building design. Public Open Space (minimum) Active/Private Open Space (minimum) Location of Required Public Open Space 1 - Retail 50 sf/1000 sf for development over 50k sf N/A On-site or Off-site if located within 500 feet of project2 - Civic & Cultural N/A N/A N/A 3 - Office 100 sf/1000 sf for development over 50k sf N/A On-site or Off-site if located within 500 feet of project 4 - Lodging 100 sf/room for development over 50 rooms N/A On-site 5 - Live-Work 150 sf/unit for development over 20 DU N/A On-site 6 - Residential:150 sf/unit for development over 20 DU 60 sf/unit On-site 1) OPEN SPACE PROVISION Use Categories 2) Open Space Design a) Public Open Space All Public Open Spaces shall be publicly accessible and shall be provided in the form of parks, greens, and plazas. They shall be bounded on at least three (3) sides by streets, shall be connected to public sidewalks, and shall be open to the public twenty-four hours a day. b) Active Open Space An active open space is any side yard, courtyard, or other open space that is accessed directly by a primary entrance(s) to housing units or office spaces. Active Open Spaces shall be defined as illustrated by Figure 2.3.4. Active Open Space Definition and shall consist of the following components: i) A single Active Open Space may not exceed a size of 1/5 acre. ii) Entrances located along Active Open Spaces shall select from private frontage types as permitted for the property by the applicable District Zone. iii) A minimum five (5) foot wide sidewalk(s) or pathway(s) connecting all building entrances to the public sidewalk shall be located within the Active Open Space. iv) The minimum dimension of Active Open Spaces shall be thirty (30) feet when the long axis of the Active Open Space is oriented East/West and twenty (20) feet when the Active Open Space is oriented North/South. v) Courtyards and other Active Open Spaces located over garages shall be designed to avoid the sensation of forced podium hardscape through the use of ample landscaping. c) Private Open Space Private Open Space shall be provided in the form of yards, balconies, or patios whose primary access is from the dwelling served. The minimum dimensions for private open space in any single direction shall be four (4) feet if provided as part of a porch or balcony, and eight (8) feet if provided as a deck, yard, terrace, or patio. b) Active Open Space Active or Private Open Space is required as specified in the Figure 2.3.3. Open Space Provision Chart. Active Open Space shall be provided along the front of all office or residential buildings not located along and oriented towards streets. Active Open Space shall be built by developers as development occurs. Front Street or Side Street Setback areas shall not be designated as Active Open Spaces. c) Private Open Space Private or Active Open Space is required as specified in the Figure 2.3.3. Open Space Provision Chart. Private Open Space shall be built by developers as development occurs. Required setback areas shall not be counted towards Private Open Space Provision requirements.Fig.2.3.2.2) Active open space DefinitionBO O k ii : D e v e l O p m e n t r e g u l a t i O n s pa g e 48 s t r e e t a n D O p e n s p a c e r e g u l a t i O n s 2.3.3. street and open space guidelines 1) Public Spaces i) Public spaces should provide a variety of seating options, areas of sun and shade for year-round climatic comfort, shelter, and night lighting to encourage public activity and ensure safety. ii) Public spaces should be visible from pub lic streets and side walks. 2) Walls and Fences a) Frontage Fences and Walls i) Front yard fences should employ a combination of thick and thin structural elements with thicker ele ments for supports and/or panel divisions. Fence posts and/or support columns should be defined using additional trim, caps, finials, and/or moldings. ii) All walls should have a cap and base treatment. iii) Frontage walls may occur as garden walls, planter walls, seat walls, or low retaining walls. iv) Entrances and pedestrian “gateways” should be announced by posts or pilasters, and may be combined with trellises, special landscaping, decorative lighting, public art or other special features. b) Screening Fences and Walls i) Side yards - defined as the portion of side setback areas behind the front setback area - and rear yards may contain landscape features that protect the privacy of the property’s occupants such as landscaping, trees and screening walls. Screening walls may not exceed a height of five (5) feet, and must be constructed of materials that are compatible with the architecture and character of the site. Natural colors, a cap or top articulation, and related dimensional post spacing increments should be used at screening fences to enhance compatibility. ii) Design elements should be used to break up long expanses of uninterrupted walls, both horizontally and vertically. Walls should include design elements such as textured concrete block, interlocking “diamond” blocks, formed concrete with reveals, or similar materials. Landscape materials should also be used to provide surface relief. c) Security Fences i) Use of security fences should be minimized, and limited to special locations where additional security is necessary, such as adjacent to the railroad tracks. Such security fences should not exceed eight (8) feet in height. ii) Security fences should be designed to maintain a visually open character to the extent possible. This may be accomplished by using metal picket or open grille fencing or by mounting metal picket or open grille fencing on top of a low masonry wall. d) Piers i) Piers are architectural elements of fences or walls that can add interest to and break up long expanses. ii) Piers are recommended to have a base, shaft and cap composition. Larger piers may be specially designed for gateway or other special locations, and these may incorporate ornamental plaques or signs identifying the building or business; public art such as panels or sculptural elements; and /or light fixtures. Piers may be topped by ornamental finials, light fixtures, or roof caps. iii) Recommended dimensions for masonry piers are approximately eighteen (18) inches per side or diameter, and the maximum spacing between piers should be twenty (20) feet. Metal posts should be a minimum of four (4) inches per side or diameter. e) Materials and Colors i) All fences and walls should be built with attractive, durable materials that are compatible with the character of Spokane Valley (see Section 2.5). ii) Appropriate fence materials include wood, masonry, and metal. (1) Wood picket fences are only recommended along residential streets. For wood picket fences, a paint finish or vinyl coating should be applied. (2) For iron or metal fences, recommended materials include wrought iron, cast iron, welded steel, tubular steel, or aluminum. Metal fences should be mount ed on a low masonry wall, and /or between masonry piers. iii) Appropriate wall materials include stone, brick, precast concrete, textured concrete block, or formed concrete with reveals. A stucco finish may be used over a masonry core. (1) Exposed block walls should be constructed with a combination of varied height block courses and/or varied block face colors and textures (e.g. a combination of split-face and precision-face blocks). Plain gray precision-face con crete block walls are not recommended. Design treatments and finishes previously described should be applied to these walls for improved visual compatibility with building architecture. (2) An anti-graffiti coating is recommended for exposed masonry wall surfaces. iv) Piers and posts should be constructed of the same or a com patible material as the principal building(s). v) Support post or pier materials may differ from fence materials; e.g. met- al fence panels combined with masonry piers. Recommended materials include brick, terra cotta, and stone, colored or decoratively treated cast- in-place concrete, precast concrete or concrete block, or stuc co-faced concrete or concrete block. vi) Bollards are recommended to be cast iron, cast aluminum, and precast concrete. An anti-graffiti protective coating is recommended for precast concrete. vii) Colors and finishes of mechanical enclosures and equipment should be coordinated with colors and finishes of streetlights, fencing and other painted metal surfaces to be used on site, or with the associated building’s material and color scheme. viii) Street and building-mounted metal furnishings should be powdercoated or painted with Waterborne Acrylic Polyurethane, such as Tnemec Series 1080 or similar product. For powdercoated finishes, a chemically compatible UV-protectant clear coat is recommended for prevention of color fading. 3) Site Furnishings i) Public gathering places and other publicly accessible areas should be detailed with decorative, pedestrian-scaled site furnishings and equipment. ii) Seating, freestanding planters, ornamental trash and recycling receptacles, bike racks, drinking fountains, pergolas, trellises, heaters, umbrellas, wind screening, and decorative bollards are recommended. (1) When designing seat walls with straight edges of more than six (6) feet in length, consider how detailing can prevent skateboard damage. iii) Landscape structures and sculptural objects should reference the human scale in their overall massing and detailing. iv) Components should be made of durable high quality materials such as painted fabricated steel, painted cast iron, painted cast aluminum, and integrally colored precast concrete. Recycled materials should be used so long as the finish or look of the material is consistent with or similar to the finishes prescribed above. Masonry surfaces shall be treated with an anti-graffiti coating. Metal surfaces should be coated with highly durable finishes such as aliphatic polyurethane enamel. An ultraviolet protectant clear coating is strongly recommended for dark or fugitive colors. 4) Plant Materials i) Plant materials should always be incorporated into new development site design to provide “softening” of hard paving and building surfaces. ii) Mature, existing trees should be preserved whenever possible. iii) Tree sizes should be suitable to lot size, the scale of adjacent structures, and the proximity to utility lines. iv) The use of structural soil planting beds for street trees within paved areas is strongly recommended in order to maximize the ability of the tree to thrive and perform well in the urban environment. v) Both seasonal and year-round flowering shrubs and trees should be used where they can be most ap preciated - adjacent to walks and recrea tional areas, or as a frame for build ing entrances and stairs. vi) In general, deciduous trees with open branching struc tures are recommended to ensure visibility to retail establishments. More substantial shade trees are recommended in front of private residences. vii) Evergreen shrubs and trees should be used for screening along rear property lines, around trash/recycling areas and mech anical equipment, and to obscure grillwork and fencing associat ed with subsur face parking garages. However, screening should also be designed to maintain clear views for safety. B O O k ii : D e v e l O p m e n t r e g u l a t i O n s pa g e 49 s t r e e t a n D O p e n s p a c e r e g u l a t i O n s 5) Lighting a) Design i) Lighting fixtures should generally be directed downward from the horizontal plane of the light source to preserve a dark sky and prevent unnecessary light pollution. Exceptions may be made for uplit trees and architectural lighting. ii) Pedestrian-oriented areas, including walkways and paths, plazas, parking lots, and parking structures shall be illuminated to increase safety and provide clear views both to and within the site. iii) All on-site and building-mounted lighting fixture design should be architecturally compatible with building design and with the character of the corridor. iv) Unnecessary glare from unshielded or undiffused light sources should be avoided. Commercial buildings and landscaping can be illuminated indirectly by concealing light features within buildings and landscaping to highlight attractive features and avoid intrusion into neighboring properties. b) Material and Color i) Color and finish of lighting metalwork should match that of other site furnishings, and/or of the building’s metalwork or trim work. ii) A chemically compatible UV-protectant clear coat over paint or powdercoat on metalwork is recommended for prevention of fading of dark or fugitive colors. iii) Color of lighting source types: in pedestrian-intensive areas, warm white, energy efficient source types (with color temperatures specified as 2700 degrees Kelvin to 3200 degrees Kelvin) such as metal halide, induction lighting, compact fluorescent, and light-emitting diode (LED) are strongly encouraged. c) Luminaire Types i) New area lighting fixtures shall be of the cutoff type to prevent light from being emitted above a horizontal line relative to the point of light source. ii) New fixtures should use a reflector and/or a refractor system for efficient distribution of light and reduction of glare. iii) New fixtures should not cause glare or transmit it to upper stories of buildings. House-side shields and internal reflector caps should be used to block light from illuminating residential windows. iv) Small decorative “glow” elements within a luminaire are permitted to emit a low amount of light above the horizontal. d) Height i) For building-mounted lights, maximum mounting height should be approximately twelve (12) feet above finished grade. ii) For pole-mounted lighting at pedestrian plazas, walkways, and entry areas, a pedestrian-height fixture ten (10) to fourteen (14) feet in height from grade to light source should be used. iii) Bollard mounted lighting and stair lighting are also recommended for low-level illumination of walkways and landscaped areas. iv) Bollard illumination should be shielded or kept at a sufficiently low level to prevent glare impacts for passing motorists. v) In general, height of light sources should be kept low to maintain pedestrian scale and prevent spill light from impacting adjacent properties. e) Uplighting i) Building facade uplighting, roof “wash” lighting, and landscape uplighting should be operated on timers that turn off illumination entirely after midnight nightly. ii) Shielding and careful placement should be used to prevent spill light from being visible to pedestrians, motorists, and nearby residential dwelling windows. iii) Adjacent to single family homes, a combination of lower mounting height and luminaire shields should be used to protect residences from spill-light and glare. iv) Illumination levels of facade uplighting, roof wash lighting and landscape uplighting should use lower brightness levels where the illuminated facades, roofs or landscaping face residential buildings, except across wider streets or boulevards with landscaped medians and street trees. 6) Sustainability a) Materials i) Use local and recycled building materials whenever possible. b) Paved Areas i) The grading of all paved areas and adjacent non-paved areas, the selection of paving materials, and the design of drainage facilities should consider paving permeability and be configured to allow water run-off to percolate back into native soil to the degree possible. ii) Paved areas shall incorporate best management practices to control stormwater as outlined in the Spokane Regional Stormwater Manual. c) Landscaped Areas i) All landscaped areas should be designed to allow aquifer filtration and minimize stormwater run-off utilizing bio-swales, filtration strips, and bio-retention ponds where appropriate. ii) As part of new street construction or sidewalk improvements, landscaped areas within the street right-of-way should be designed to be functional stormwater treatment facilities. (1) Rain gardens configured as follows are recommended in urban locations where space is limited. iii) The use of drip irrigation, gray water systems and other water-conserving methods of plant irrigation are strongly encouraged. iv) Plant and landscape materials should be selected from native species as well as non-native/non-invasive species that are well adapted to the climatic conditions of Spokane Valley. They should be resistant to local parasites and plant diseases. Turf is highly discouraged. Fig.2.3.3. 6) stormwater treatment facilityBO O k ii : D e v e l O p m e n t r e g u l a t i O n s pa g e 50 s t r e e t a n D O p e n s p a c e r e g u l a t i O n s