AIN-27-93BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT
SPOKANE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
APPEAL OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE )
INTERPRETATION OF THE ZONING )
CODE FOR SPOKANE COUNTY IN )
RELATION TO A BUILDING PERMIT 1
APPROVAL )
FILE: AIN-27-93 )
APPELLANT: SAM P. WOOD )
COMPANION FILES: NONE )
FINDINGS OF FACT,
CONCLUSIONS,
AND DECISION
APPLICATION DESCRIPTION: This matter, being an appeal of an action by the
Spokane County Planning Department (the "Department"), approving the issuance of a
residential building permit authorizing the replacement of a single wide manufactured home
with another single wide manufactured home. The Board of Adjustment, hereinafter referred
to as the "Board," having held a public hearing on November 17, 1993 and having fully
considered all testimony, as well as, File No. AIN-27-93, does hereby make the following
decision.
PROJECTLOCATION: Approximately 150 feet east of Dearborn Street, in the N 1/2 of
Section 23, Township 25N, Range 43 EWM; 4510 E. 7th Avenue; Assessor's Parcel No.:
35232.4413.
OPPONENTS OF RECORD: Jayn and Randy Courchaine, Doris Williamson and Carol
Riehle.
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. The proper legal requirements for advertising the hearing before the Board of
Adjustment have been met; except the file does not indicate that adjacent property owners were
mailed the Notice of the Hearing by certified mail as required by sections 14.412.041,
14.404.060 and 14.402.160.2 of the Zoning Code of Spokane County ("Code" hereinafter).
However, Heather Dressor, Secretary to the Board of Adjustment did mail a Notice of a
Hearing to Jayn Courchaine a few days before the hearing and Ms. Courchaine appeared at the
hearing and presented testimony. An Affidavit to this effect was entered into the record. Doris
Williamson and daughter, Carol Riehle, appeared and spoke at the hearing, supplementing the
record with testimony in support of denying the appeal.
2. The circumstances are described above and detailed in documents contained in the
file; specifically, the following is relevant.
a. Prior to the adoption of the present zoning, Urban Residential-3.5 (UR 3.5),
the zoning of the subject parcel allowed a single wide manufactured home.
b. The lot at 4510 E. 7th Avenue was and is one of several in the area containing a
single wide manufactured home. The lot in question is 50 feet wide by 135 feet deep and
contains currently and previously single wide manufactured homes oriented in a north -
south direction, close to the west property line; that is with its narrow end parallel to the
street.
CASE NO. AIN-27-93 SPOKANE COUNTY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT PAGE 2
c. Prior to the placement of the present single wide manufactured home (on or
about 9/93) on the subject parcel, the appellant, Sam P. Wood purchased and began
improving property across the street from the subject property.
d. The previous manufactured home (8 feet by 45 feet) was removed by its owner,
who had been renting the lot from Randy and Jayn Courchaine.
e. Some time prior to August, 1993, the Courchaines entered into an agreement
with Arthur and Doris Williamson to rent the subject property and to allow the
Williamsons to place a single wide manufactured home on the property for their daughter.
f. On or about September 22, 1993, Doris and Arthur Williamson applied for and
were granted a permit to place a single wide manufactured home (14 feet by 70 feet) on
the subject property. The Planning Department personnel signed the building permit,
stating, "Replacement of a nonconforming single wide manufactured home with another
single wide manufactured home."
g. Upon seeing the replacement manufactured home moved onto the property, the
appellant Wood filed a timely appeal on October 12, 1993. The appeal alleged, among
other things that the replacement manufactured home does not conform to the existing UR
3.5 zoning, which zoning allows only double wide, Class A manufactured homes. The
appellant alleges, and no party disagreed, that the manufactured home which was
removed was livable, was not damaged by fire, flood or act of nature and that it had not
been abandoned for a period of time exceeding one year. Further, the former
manufactured home was not in need of restoration in order to become habitable. The
appellant cites Code, section 14.508.060, Nonconforming Building and Structures.
4. The present zoning, and the zoning at the time the replacement in
September/October, 1993 occurred, is UR-3.5. Residential use is an allowed use; but, the
nature of the residential structure is the subject of some qualification and limitation. Section
14.605.020 of the Zoning Code indicates a manufactured home is permitted in the UR-3.5
zone, subject to qualifying as a Class A manufactured home, as per the requirements of section
14.808.060 of the Code. This section of the Code contains 6 criteria which a manufactured
home must meet (the standard of "acceptable similarity" appearance) in order to qualify as a
Class A manufactured home. One of them is that the minimum width the manufactured home
shall be 24 feet. The replacement manufactured home of 10/93 does not so qualify.
Additionally, the standard is that the portion of the manufactured home nearest the public street
frontage must be at least 36 feet in dimension parallel to the public street. The replacement
manufactured home does not so qualify as it is placed on the site.
The Code defines "nonconforming" in section 14.300.100 and stipulates that it is a
lot, use, building or structure which was legal when commenced; but, which does not conform
to subsequently enacted regulations (emphasis added). It was established in the hearing that
the subject lot is a legal nonconforming lot. The use of the property is residential, is an
allowed use and doesn't need to be established as nonconforming. It was also established that
the building or structure, in this case a single wide manufactured home and dwelling
unit/residence designed for human habitation, is a nonconforming structure or building; that is,
it is not the type of manufactured home permitted as a Class A.
HD/AIN-27-93 decision
CASE NO. AIN-27-93 SPOKANE COUNTY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT PAGE 3
5. The Board discussed at considerable length whether replacement of the single wide
manufactured home with a another single wide manufactured home amounted to restoration or
repair of a nonconforming building or structure (Code; section 14.508.060) or the expansion
or extension of a nonconforming use (Code; section 14.508.040). Regarding expansion or
extension of a nonconforming use, the Board had little trouble agreeing that the replacement
was not expansion of a nonconforming use. The Board investigated the dictionary definition
of 'extension.' (In the event that a word is not adequately defined in the Code, the Code
references Webster's Collegiate Dictionary.) Examining Webster's 9th New Collegiate
Dictionary, the Board found the 5th definition to be "an increase in length of time; specif an
increase in time allowed under agreement or concession [was granted an — ]." After
considerable discussion, the majority of the Board agreed that 'extension' of nonconforming
use could in fact be an increase in length of time that a nonconforming use exists and that such
extension would likely be addressable under the conditional use permit established for
expansion or extension of nonconforming uses in section 14.508.040 of the Code. Residential
use in a single wide manufactured home is not permitted in the zone at this time; except in
manufactured home parks.
The Board went on to examine section 14.508.060 of the Code (Nonconforming
Buildings and Structures) wherein it states that restoration of a nonconforming building or
structure which is damaged by fire, flood or act of nature shall be initiated, as evidenced by
issuance of a valid building permit, with one year. (emphasis added). There was no such
qualifying damage. Replacement of the manufactured home in 10/93 is not a qualifying
upkeep, repair and maintenance.
The Board then discussed whether or not the provisions of the Code (section
14.508.060), with respect to "upkeep, repair, and maintenance of nonconforming building,"
were germane. No claim of upkeep, repair and maintenance was made or established. The
previous single wide manufactured home (prior to removal in July or August of 1993) was
apparently a livable, habitable dwelling. Finally, the last sentence of 14.508.060 states: "A
building or structure conforming with respect to use, but not conforming with respect to
height, yard requirements, coverage or density, may be restored in the event of damage, or
altered or extended provided that the alteration or extension does not result in further violation
of this Code." The current situation is neither restoration resulting from damage nor does the
pre 8/93 structure qualify as altered or extended in the context of the last sentence of section
14.508.060.1 No testimony was presented that the former manufactured home was damaged
in any way which would necessitate its alteration.
6. The Board from time to time found itself discussing: (a) the concept that expansion
or extension of nonconforming uses are discouraged (Zoning Code, section 14.508.040); and
(b) the public policy of the State of Washington is to restrict rather than increase
nonconforming uses.2 Whereas, expansions or extensions of nonconforming uses are
discouraged and restricted; no language to discourage/restrict nonconforming buildings or
structures exists within the Code, section 14.508.060.
1 "A building or structure conforming with respect to use, but not conforming with respect to height, yard
requirements, coverage or density, may be restored in the event of damage, or altered or extended provided that
the alteration or extension does not result in further violation of this Code.
2 Keller v. Bellingham, 20 WN, App. 1, 9, 578 P.2d 881
HD/AIN-27-93 decision
CASE NO. AIN-27-93 SPOKANE COUNTY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT PAGE 4
CONCLUSIONS
1. The Board acknowledges that the adverse party of record, Jayn and Randy
Courchaine did not receive notice by certified mail. Information from the Planning
Department, clarified to the Board in the meeting in which it signed this decision, substantiates
that the Courchaines had actual notice of the hearing by receipt of the official notice and receipt
of the appeal document containing the hearing date. The Courchaines attended the hearing and
participated fully in that hearing. As a result, although there was technical non-compliance
with required notice, the Board concludes that the applicant Courchaines had adequate notice to
make their case and were not prejudiced by lack of certified mail notice.
2. Residential nonconforming use of the property is not an issue. The Board makes a
clear distinction between nonconforming use and nonconforming building/structure. The use
is residential and conforms to the present Code. The building is nonconforming.
3. Based upon conclusion number 2, the entire decision on this issue rests in Code
section 14.508.060, Nonconforming Buildings and Structures. Arthur and Doris Williamson
sought and received the administrative approval of the Department to place a serviceable, single
wide manufactured home on the lot. Several authorizations regarding nonconforming
buildings and structures are set forth in section 14.508.060: (a) restoration when a structure is
damaged by fire, flood or act of nature (within one year of such damage); (b) upkeep, repair
and maintenance of the existing nonconforming structure is permitted; and (c) a structure
conforming with respect to use, but not conforming with respect to various
dimensional standards (height, yard requirements, coverage or density are actually stated)
may be restored in the event of damage or such a structure may be altered or extended provided
that the alteration or extension does not result in further violation of the Code.
In the present case, even if total replacement is deemed alteration or extension, the Class A
standards of the Code are violated.
DECISION
From the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions, the Board of Adjustment
APPROVES the appeal and reverses the Planning Department's administrative decision to
approve the building permit for the replacement manufactured home. The applicant is
encouraged to consult with the Planning Department for any additional available options.
DA 1ED this 15th day of December, 1993.
BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT OF SPOKANE
COUNTY, WASHINGTON
'Scott R. Smitii, trperson
HD/AIN-27-93 decision
CASE NO. AIN-27-93 SPOKANE COUNTY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT PAGE 5
Martin E. Hibbs
Paul E. Eichin
Dr. Wayne D.\Powel
FILED:
1) Appellant (Certified/Retum Receipt Mail)
2) Opponents of Record
3) Spokane Division of Engineering and Roads
4) Spokane County Health District
5) Spokane County Division of Utilities
6) Spokane County Division of Buildings
7) Planning Department Cross-reference File and/or Electronic File
APPEAL SHALL BE TO A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICl ION FOR A WRIT OF
CERTIORARI, A WRIT OF PROHIBITION OR A WRIT OF MANDAMUS WITHIN 10
DAYS OF THE DAIL OF THIS DECISION. (Section 14.412.042.1. of the Zoning Code of
Spokane County).
HD/AIN-27-93 decision