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Adapted k�y Spokan� Board of County Commissior�ers September 15, 2Q�9
Appro�ed by Washi�gton 5tate Department of Ecvlogy April 15, �Q1 �
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STATE OF WASHINGTON
DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY
�i601 N Monroe Street • Spokane, Washengton 99205-1295 • (509)329-3400
Marc1124, 201 1
Mr. Russ Menke, Director
Spokane Regional Solid Waste Scrvices
221 N. Wall St., Sliite �10
Spokane, WA. 99201
Dear Mr. Menkc:
RC: Final review of Sl�c�karr� County 20U7 C'orz7��rc�hensive Solic/ Wasle �llunuger�r�renl Plan,
On March 17, 201 l, Ecology received your formal submittal ol�the ot�S��okane ('oui�ry ZOU7
Cojnprehen.��ive Solid Wu.s•te� Nla��ici�>e��ic��I Pln��i, and a request For linal review.
Review will conlmence immediately. If you have not received a response by April, 29, 2011, yo�ir
plan will be considered approv�d by Ecolc�gy by de(ault.
Final i•eview will de�l ot11y witll the question of whether or not responses to Tcolo�y's review of the
preliminary draFt are adequate to warrant approval.
Sincerely,
� �
t4' - - .'0��._ � '��' r.
J'�mes V. Wavada II
Solid Waste Plannc►•
Waste 2 Resources Prograc�l — Lastern Itegional Oi�lice
cc: Wayne Kraift
JVW:
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TABLE OFCONTENTS
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview of Institutional Structure and Planning Process ..........................1
1.1.1 Spokane County, Regional Cities, and the Spokane Regional Solid
WasteSystem...............................................................................................2
1.1.2 Spokane Regional Solid Waste Liaison Board................................3
1.1.3 Solid Waste Advisory Committee ...................................................3
1.1.4 Stakeholder Input Committee..........................................................4
1.1.5 Public Involvement..........................................................................4
1.1.6 County and Regional City Input.......................................................5
1.2 Plan Goals and Objectives ...........................................................................5
1.3 Summary of Recommendations...................................................................7
1.4 Regulatory Framework...............................................................................34
1.4.1 Purpose and Authority ...................................................................34
1.4.2 Planning Guidelines.......................................................................34
1.4.3 Local Hazardous Waste Management............................................34
1.4.4 Disposal Facility Siting Criteria.....................................................35
1.4.5 Beyond Waste Plan........................................................................35
1.5 Solid Waste Planning History in Spokane County ....................................36
1971 and 1984 Spokane County Solid Waste Management Plans ............36
1991 Spokane County Moderate Risk Waste Management Plan...............36
1992 Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan....37
1998 Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan....37
1998 Moderate Risk Waste Management Plan..........................................38
1.6 Consolidated List of Facilities ...................................................................38
WasteGeneration...............................................................................................................1
2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
2.2 Waste Stream Definition..............................................................................1
2.3 Data Sources ................................................................................................2
2.4 Trends in MSW Generation, Recycling, and Disposal ................................2
2.5 Waste Generation Forecast..........................................................................3
2.6 Waste Disposal Composition.......................................................................3
2.7 Waste Import/Export....................................................................................4
Naturaland Human Environment...................................................................................1
3.1 Natural Environment....................................................................................1
3.1.1 Topography......................................................................................1
3.1.2 Air....................................................................................................1
3.1.3 Water................................................................................................4
3.2 Human Environment....................................................................................6
3.2.1 Demographics ..................................................................................6
3.2.2 Economics........................................................................................7
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 i
TABLE OFCONTENTS
SourceReduction...............................................................................................................1
4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
4.2 Existing Conditions......................................................................................1
4.2.1 Regional Waste Reduction Programs ..............................................2
4.2.2 System Staffing Levels ....................................................................9
4.2.3 Other Waste Reduction Programs..................................................10
4.3 Key Issues ..................................................................................................12
4.3.1 Product Stewardship ......................................................................12
4.3.2 Procurement...................................................................................13
4.3.3 Internal Waste Reduction Policies.................................................13
4.3.4 Education Programs.......................................................................14
4.3.5 Business Waste/Nlaterials Exchanges............................................14
4.4 Waste Reduction Alternatives....................................................................14
ProductStewardship ..................................................................................14
Procurement...............................................................................................14
Internal Waste Reduction Practices ...........................................................15
Waste Reduction Education.......................................................................15
Waste/Nlaterials Exchanges.......................................................................15
4.4.1 Product Stewardship ......................................................................15
4.4.2 Procurement...................................................................................16
4.4.3 Internal Waste Reduction Policies.................................................19
4.4.4 Education Programs.......................................................................20
4.4.5 Waste Exchanges ...........................................................................21
4.5 Recommendations......................................................................................21
Recycling.............................................................................................................................1
5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
5.1.1 Recycling Objectives and Goals/Recycling Rates ...........................1
5.2 Existing Conditions -Recycling..................................................................2
5.2.1 Recycling Collection& Processing Facilities, Operations and
Programs......................................................................................................4
5.2.2 System Facilities and Operations.....................................................4
5.2.3 System Recycling Outreach Programs.............................................5
5.2.4 Spokane County Recycling Programs..............................................7
5.2.5 Municipal Recycling Facilities and Programs .................................7
5.2.6 Fairchild Air Force Base Facilities and Programs .........................13
5.2.7 Recycling Haulers..........................................................................15
5.2.8 Private Processing Recycling Facilities .........................................17
5.3 Existing Conditions - Composting Facilities, Operations and Programs ..27
5.3.1 System Composting Facilities and Programs.................................27
5.32 County Composting Programs.......................................................29
5.3.3 Municipal Composting Facilities and Programs............................29
5.3.4 Private Facilities.............................................................................31
5.4 Recycling Markets and Emerging Trends..................................................31
5.4.1 Recycling Markets .........................................................................31
5.4.2 Emerging Recycling Programs.......................................................32
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 ii
TABLE OFCONTENTS
5.5 Key Issues ..................................................................................................34
5.5.1 Designation of Recyclable Materials .............................................34
5.5.2 Service Level Designation .............................................................35
5.5.3 Composting....................................................................................36
5.6 Alternatives................................................................................................36
Resi d enti al..................................................................................................3 6
Commercial Recycling...............................................................................37
Composting................................................................................................37
PublicRecycling........................................................................................37
5.6.1 Residential Recycling ....................................................................37
5.6.2 Commercial Recycling...................................................................43
5.6.3 Composting....................................................................................47
5.7 Recommendations......................................................................................48
SolidWaste Collection.......................................................................................................1
6.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
6.2 Existing Conditions......................................................................................1
6.2.1 Legal Authority................................................................................1
6.2.2 Recommendations of the 1998 Plan for Solid Waste Collection.....3
6.2.3 Collection Service Providers............................................................3
6.3 Key Issues ..................................................................................................10
6.3.1 Service Level Designation .............................................................10
6.32 Collection Growth..........................................................................1 l
6.4 Alternatives................................................................................................12
6.5 Recommendations......................................................................................15
TransferSystem.................................................................................................................1
7.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
7.2 Existing Conditions......................................................................................1
7.2.1 System Transfer Facilities................................................................1
7.2.2 Private Transfer Station ...................................................................8
7.3 Key Issues ....................................................................................................8
7.4 Alternatives..................................................................................................9
7.5 Recommendations......................................................................................16
EnergyRecovery/Incineration..........................................................................................1
8.1 Existing Conditions......................................................................................1
8.1.1 Waste-to-Energy Facility Description..............................................1
8.1.2 Facility Site......................................................................................2
8.1.3 Facility Operations...........................................................................4
8.1.4 Waste-to-Energy Facility Tours.......................................................7
8.2 Key Issues ....................................................................................................7
8.3 Alternatives..................................................................................................8
8.4 Recommendations......................................................................................12
LandfillDisposal................................................................................................................1
9.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
9.1.1 Goals and Objectives .......................................................................1
9.1.2 Recommendations of the 1998 Plan for Landfills ...........................2
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 iii
TABLE OFCONTENTS
9.2 Existing Conditions......................................................................................2
9.2.1 Closed Landfills...............................................................................2
9.2.2 Landfill Regulations, Permitting and Enforcement........................8
9.2.3 Operating Landfills..........................................................................9
9.3 Key Issues ..................................................................................................16
9.4 Alternatives................................................................................................17
9.5 Recommendations......................................................................................22
MiscellaneousWastes........................................................................................................1
10.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
10.1.1 Special Waste.................................................................................1
10.2 Agricultural Waste .......................................................................................2
10.2.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................2
10.2.2 Key Issues ......................................................................................2
10.2.3 Alternatives....................................................................................3
10.3 Asbestos Waste ............................................................................................3
10.3.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................3
10.3.2 Key Issues ......................................................................................4
10.3.3 Alternatives....................................................................................5
10.4 Ash from Waste-to-Energy Facility..............................................................5
10.4.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................5
10.4.2 Key Issues ......................................................................................6
10.4.3 Alternatives....................................................................................6
10.5 Biomedical Waste.........................................................................................6
10.5.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................6
10.5.2 Key Issues ......................................................................................8
10.5.3 Alternatives....................................................................................9
10.6 Biosolids and Septage..................................................................................9
10.6.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................9
10.6.2 Key Issues ....................................................................................14
10.6.3 Alternatives..................................................................................15
10.7 Contaminated Soils....................................................................................15
10.7.1 Existing Conditions......................................................................15
10.8 Electronic Waste.........................................................................................16
10.9 Foundry Operations....................................................................................17
10.10 Paper Sludge ..........................................................................................17
10.11 Tires .......................................................................................................17
10.11.1 Existing Conditions....................................................................17
10.11.2 Key Issues ..................................................................................19
10.11.3 Alternatives................................................................................19
10.12 Universal Wastes....................................................................................20
10.12.1 Existing Conditions....................................................................20
10.12.2 Key Issues ..................................................................................21
10.12.3 Alternatives................................................................................21
10.13 Recommendations..................................................................................21
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 iv
TABLE OFCONTENTS
Construction, Demolition, Landclearing and Inert Waste Management.....................1
11.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
11.1.1 CDL and Inert Waste Management Goals .....................................1
11.2 Existing Conditions......................................................................................2
11.2.1 Regulatory Framework...................................................................2
11.2.2 Types of Material...........................................................................3
11.2.3 CDL Waste Quantities...................................................................3
11.3 Description of Facilities...............................................................................6
11.3.1 System's CDL and Inert Facilities.................................................6
11.3.2 Unincorporated Areas of Spokane County - CDL and Inert Facilities
6
11.3.3 Municipal CDL and Inert Facilities ...............................................6
11.3.4 Fairchild AFB CDL and Inert Facilities.........................................6
11.3.5 Privately Owned CDL and Inert Facilities.....................................6
11.4 Key Issues for CDL and Inert Wastes........................................................10
11.5 CDL and Inert Waste Alternatives.............................................................10
11.6 Recommendations......................................................................................15
Moderate Risk Waste Management.................................................................................1
12.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
12.1.1 Regulations ....................................................................................1
12.1.2 MRW Management Goals .............................................................2
12.2 Existing Conditions......................................................................................2
12.2.1 Household Hazardous Waste.........................................................2
12.2.2 Small-Quantity Generator..............................................................9
12.2.3 Assessment of Small-Quantity Generators ..................................10
12.2.4 Regulated Generators, Transporters, and Identified Remedial Action
Sites 10
12.3 Key Issues ..................................................................................................12
12.4 Alternatives................................................................................................12
Household and Public Education...............................................................12
Household Hazardous Waste Collection ...................................................12
Mercury Waste Education and Outreach ...................................................12
Business Technical Assistance...................................................................12
12.4.1 Household and Public Education.................................................13
12.4.2 Household Hazardous Waste Collection .....................................13
12.4.4 Business Technical Assistance.....................................................14
12.5 Recommendations......................................................................................15
Administration and Enforcement.....................................................................................1
13.1 Introduction and Goals.................................................................................1
13.2 History of Current System ...........................................................................1
13.2.1 1984 Solid Waste Management Plan.............................................1
13.2.2 1992 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan and Final
Environmental Impact Statement.................................................................2
13.2.3 1998 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update.......3
13.3 Existing Conditions......................................................................................3
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 v
TABLE OFCONTENTS
13.3.1 Solid Waste System Administration..............................................3
13.3.2 Washington State...........................................................................4
13.3.3 Spokane County.............................................................................5
13.3.4 The Spokane Regional Solid Waste System..................................6
13.3.5 The City of Spokane ......................................................................6
13.3.6 Regional Cities and Fairchild Air Force Base................................7
13.3.7 Spokane Regional Health District................................................10
13.3.8 Spokane Regional Solid Waste Liaison Board............................10
13.3.9 The Solid Waste Advisory Committee........................................10
13.3.10 Waste Flow Control...................................................................11
13.3.11 Monitoring and Measurement....................................................1 l
13.3.12 Solid Waste Management System Evaluations..........................12
13.3.13 Financial Structure.....................................................................17
13.3.14 Enforcement Practices................................................................19
13.4 Key Issues ..................................................................................................22
13.5 Alternatives................................................................................................23
1. Spokane Regional Solid Waste System ................................................23
2. Solid Waste Disposal District...............................................................24
3. Solid Waste Disposal District with an Executive Advisory Committee25
4. Independent Regional Authority...........................................................26
5. City-Operated Disposal Facility............................................................27
6. Regional Solid Waste Planning Committee..........................................28
7. Solid Waste Program Tipping Fee Rebate............................................28
13.6 Recommendations......................................................................................29
Implementation..................................................................................................................1
14.1 Introduction..................................................................................................1
14.2 Projected Needs and Financing for Solid Waste Handling..........................1
14.3 Implementation Schedule.............................................................................1
Appendices
A Interlocal Agreements
B Waste Flow Analysis
C County Service Level Resolution
D Resolutions of Adoption
E SEPA Checklist
F WUTC Cost Assessment
G Designated Recyclable Materials
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 vi
TABLE OFCONTENTS
Exhibits
1-1 Liaison Board Members, 2005 ........................................................................... 1-3
1-2 Solid Waste Advisory Committee Members, 2006............................................. 1-4
1-3 Alternatives Screening Criteria.......................................................................... 1-8
1-4 Results ofAlternatives Voting............................................................................ 1-9
1-5 Summary of Recommendations ....................................................................... 1-22
1-6 Consolidated List of Solid Waste and Recycling Facilities
inSpokane County ........................................................................................... 1-38
2-1 2004 MSW Generation, Recycling, and Disposal for Spokane County.............2-2
2-2 Spokane County Historical Population and Tons of Waste Generated,
Recycled, and Disposed......................................................................................2-2
2-3 Comparison of Per-Capita MSW Generation Rates...........................................2-3
2-4 Spokane County Forecast MSW Generation......................................................2-3
2-5 Waste Composition Summary............................................................................2-4
2-6 System Disposed Waste Stream Composition....................................................2-4
3-1 Spokane County V�icinity Map............................................................................ 3-2
3-2 Meteorological Data (AverageAnnual), National Weather Service...................3-3
3-3 Aquifer Sensitive Areas, Spokane-Rathdrum Sole-Source Aquifer................... 3-5
3-4 Spokane County Population............................................................................... 3-6
3-5 Spokane County Population Growth and Projections........................................ 3-7
3-6 Top Employers in Spokane County, 2004 .......................................................... 3-8
3-7 Top Ten Manufacturing Companies in Spokane County.................................... 3-9
4-1 2004 Hotline -Number of Calls Per Category................................................... 4-4
4-2 Waste Assessments Performed by Business Category (January 1993 -
December2004) .................................................................................................4-7
4-3 Federal Procurement Guidelines ......................................................................4-17
5-1 City of Cheney Recycling Center, 2004 ............................................................. 5-8
5-2 City of Medical Lake Recycling Center, 2004 ................................................. 5-10
5-3 City of Spokane Residential Curbside Recycling 2004................................... 5-11
5-4 City of Spokane Commercial Fiber Recycling, 2004....................................... 5-12
5-5 Waste Management and Sunshine Disposal Residential Curbside Recycling
Unincorporated Spokane County, Fairchild Air Force Base, and the
cities of Deer Park, Liberty Lake, Millwood, and Spokane Ualley, 2004......... 5-16
5-6 Recycling Drop-off and Buy Back Centers in Spokane County....................... 5-19
5-7 Recycling Facilities Information and Materials Collected............................... 5-20
5-8 Markets for Recyclables................................................................................... 5-31
5-9 2004 Estimates of Materials Diverted from Spokane County Waste Stream... 5-33
6-1 WUTC Refuse Collection Service Areas of Spokane County............................ 6-7
6-2 Residential Garbage Collection Summary ......................................................... 6-8
6-3 Estimated Population and Housing Densities for Incorporated Areas.............. 6-10
6-4 Projections of the Total Resident Population for Spokane County.................. 6-11
7-1 Location of Transfer Facilities............................................................................ 7-2
7-2 Flow Diagram of Waste Among System Transfer Facilities............................... 7-5
7-3 Site Layout, North County Transfer Station.......................................................7-6
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 vii
TABLE OFCONTENTS
7-4 Site Layout, Ualley Transfer Station................................................................... 7-7
7-5 Northside Transfer Station, Emergency Staging Area......................................7-13
7-6 Southside Landfill, Emergency Staging Area................................................... 7-14
7-7 Ualley Transfer Station, Emergency Staging Area............................................7-15
8-1 WTE Facility...................................................................................................... 8-3
8-2 Overview of General Roles and Responsibilities at WTE Facility.................... 8-5
8-3 Solid Waste Tonnage Processed at WTE Facility, 2000-2004............................ 8-5
9-1 Landfills in Spokane County.............................................................................. 9-3
9-2 Spokane County Landfills.................................................................................. 9-4
9-3 Landfill Closure Regulations, Permitting and Enforcement Responsibilities... 9-8
9-4 System Landfill Use ......................................................................................... 9-11
9-5 Location of Roosevelt Regional Landfill ......................................................... 9-11
9-6 Waste Landfilled Out of Spokane County, 2004 .............................................. 9-12
9-7 Site Layout-Northside Landfill....................................................................... 9-14
9-8 Northside Landfill MSW Cell Disposal Weights ............................................. 9-15
9-9 Northside Landfill MSW Cell Regulations, Permitting and Enforcement
Responsibilities ................................................................................................ 9-16
10-1 Asbestos Disposal............................................................................................. 10-4
10-2 Total Ash Generated ......................................................................................... 10-6
10-3 Community Wastewater Disposal Systems .................................................... 10-10
10-4 Spokane County Wastewater Facilities .......................................................... 10-11
10-5 Land Application of Biosolids, 2004.............................................................. 10-13
10-6 Contaminated Soil Disposal........................................................................... 10-16
11-1 Waste Composition& Recoverability, C&D Disposed Waste......................... 11-4
11-2 Detailed Waste Composition, C&D Disposed Waste....................................... 11-5
11-3 List of Demolition and Inert Facilities, Open to Public,Acceptable
Materials........................................................................................................... 11-8
12-1 Participation Over Time at Fixed HHW Facilities ........................................... 12-5
12-2 Types and Quantities in Tons of HHW Collected at System Facilities ............ 12-6
12-3 Small-Quantity Generator Hazardous Waste Collection................................ 12-10
12-4 Hazardous Waste Generators within Spokane County................................... 12-11
13-1 Interlocal Agreement Renewal Provisions ....................................................... 13-9
13-2 Comparison of Other Regions' Solid Waste Management Systems............... 13-31
14-1 Spokane County 20-Year Solid Waste Handling Needs Estimate
(2007 Dollars)................................................................................................... 14-2
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 viii
ACRONYMS
Acronyms
ACM Asbestos Containing Materials
BCAA Benton County Clean Air Authority
BFHD Benton-Franklin Health District
DEQ (Oregon) Department of Environmental Quality
ORS Oregon Statutes
SW/MRWMP Solid Waste/Moderate Risk Waste Management Plan
CDL Construction, Demolition, and Landclearing Waste
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CIWMB California lntegrated Waste Management Board
CPI Consumer Price Index
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CY Cubic Yard
DOE (U.S.) Department of Energy
Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology
EDC (Spokane) Economic Development Council
EPA (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency
EPP Environmentally Preferable Purchasing
FTE Full-Time Equivalent
HDPE High-Density Polyethylene
HHW Household Hazardous Waste
HWMA (Washington)Hazardous Waste Management Act
LDPE Low-Density Polyethylene
MFS Minimum Functional Standards for Solid Waste Handling
MRW Moderate Risk Waste
MRWMP Moderate Risk Waste Management Plan
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
MTCA Model Toxics Control Act
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAICS North American Industrial Classification System
NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NOC Notice of Construction
NSLF Northside Landfill
OFM Office of Financial Management(State of Washington)
ONP Old Newsprint
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 ix
ACRONYMS
PAYT Pay As You Throw
PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate
PS Polystyrene
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RCW Revised Code of Washington
RPWRF Riverside Park Water Reclamation Facility
RRLF Roosevelt Regional Landfill
SCAPCA Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority,now know as
Spokane Regional Clean Air Agency
SEPA (Washington) State Environmental Policy Act
SNAP Spokane Neighborhood Action Program
SQG Small Quantity Generators
SRHD Spokane Regional Health District
SWAC Solid Waste Advisory Committee
SWMP Solid Waste Management Plan
System Spokane Regional Solid Waste System
TPD Tons Per Day
UGA Urban Growth Area
USGBC U.S. Green Building Council
WAC Washington Administrative Code
WUTC Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 x
DEFINITIONS
Definitions
Aerobic Decomposition: Degradation of Organic Wastes in the presence of oxygen by
microorganisms and bacteria, releasing carbon dioxide gas and heat and producing solid
material (compost)that can be used as a soil amendment. An example of Aerobic
Decomposition is the waste degradation that occurs in a compost pile. See"Composting."
Contrast"Anaerobic Digestion."
Anaerobic Digestion: Degradation of Organic Wastes in the absence of oxygen by
microorganisms and bacteria, releasing methane that can be collected and used as a fuel and
producing relatively inert solid materials that can be processed for use as a soil amendment.
An example of Anaerobic Digestion is the waste degradation that occurs in a landfill.
Contrast"Aerobic Decomposition."
Asbestos Waste: Any waste that contains more than 1 percent asbestos by weight(40 CRF
Part 763, Appendix A, Subpart F).
Automated Collection: Solid Waste collection by mechanical means, where arms or other
devices extend from the collection vehicle, grasp or otherwise manipulate containers, lift
them overhead, tip them to empty solid waste into the vehicle, and set them back down on the
ground. Fully Automated Collection requires no manual labor to grasp containers; semi-
Automated Collection requires manual labor to position containers for mechanical grasping.
Beneficial Use: Utilization or reuse of a material that would otherwise become Solid Waste.
Examples include landfill cover, aggregate substitute, fuel substitute, or the feedstock in a
manufacturing process.
Biodegradable: Describes waste materials capable of being biologically decomposed by
microorganisms and bacteria. For example, Organic Wastes such as paper, wood, food, and
plants are biodegradable; metals, glass and most plastics are not.
Biodiesel: Is manufactured from vegetables oils, animal fats, and recycled restaurant greases.
Biofuels: Liquid fuels for transportation, such as ethanol and biodiesel.
Biopower: The use of biomass feedstocks instead of conventional fossil fuels (natural gas or
coal)to generate electricity or industrial process heat and steam. Biomass is burned and the
resultant heat is used to turn water into steam, which is then used to turn turbines that are
connected to electric generators.
Bioproduct: A chemical, material, or other product derived from renewable biomass
resources.
Bioreactor Landfill: Engineered landfill or landfill cell where liquid and gas are actively
managed in order to accelerate or enhance Biostabilization of waste. Example management
includes controlled addition and recirculation of water and capture of inethane gas in a piping
network.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 xi
DEFINITIONS
Bottle Bill: Law that requires payment of a deposit on specified beverage containers, (such
as aluminum cans or glass beverage bottles), by consumers at time of purchase, and
subsequent refund of the deposit by the product retailer or other entity when consumers return
the containers for redemption. Bottle Bills encourage container recycling and discourage
littering.
Buyback Center: Facility that refunds deposits on containers subj ect to Bottle Bill
redemption and/or purchases Recyclable Materials.
Buy Recycled: Purchasing Recycled Products. Buy Recycled programs often emphasize
purchase of products that contain a specified or maximum level of Post Consumer content
and/or Recyclable Materials content without affecting the intended use of the product.
CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of
1980, 42 U.S. C Section 9601 et seq., referred to colloquially as "Superfund," providing for
clean up and remediation of uncontrolled or abandoned Hazardous Waste sites and response
to accidents, spills and other emergency releases of hazardous substances. CERCLA
provides EPA with enforcement authority to ensure that responsible parties pay the cleanup
costs ("PRP's" are Potentially Responsible Parties).
CESQG (pronounced SQUEEGY): Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators,
which are facilities that produce less than 100 kg (220 pounds) of Hazardous Waste (or less
than 1 kg of acutely Hazardous Waste)per calendar month. CESQG's are exempt from many
of the requirements applicable to Hazardous Waste generators, provided they comply with
certain conditions specified in Subtitle C regulations.
Closure: Cessation of operations at a Solid Waste Management facility (especially a
Sanitary Landfill) and implementing plans promulgated in accordance with provisions of
RCRA in order to ensure future protection of human health and the environment. An
example closure requirement is providing specified grading and final cover of a Sanitary
Landfill. See"Cover-final cover" and"Post Closure Care."
Commingled Recyclables: Recyclable Materials designated for Recycling either by (1)
generators' placement with other Recyclable Materials mixed in a single, common container
for collection, or(2) collectors' sorting and placement in a single, common compartment on
the collection vehicle. See"Single Stream Recyclables." Contrast"Source Separated
Recyclables."
Composted Material: Solid waste that has been subjected to controlled aerobic degradation
at a solid waste facility. Natural decay of organic solid waste under uncontrolled conditions
does not result in composted material.
Composting: Biological decomposition or decay of Organic Wastes (sometimes including
mixed Solid Waste)under controlled conditions. Composting takes place under aerobic
conditions, typically in an open pile (called a windrow) or in a tank or container(called in-
vessel composting). See"Aerobic Decomposition" and "Anaerobic Digestion."
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 xii
DEFINITIONS
Corrective Action: Action taken to investigate, describe, evaluate, correct, and clean up
contamination from Solid Waste Management facilities as prescribed in accordance with law,
including CERCLA and RCRA.
Dangerous Wastes: Any discarded, useless, unwanted, or abandoned substances, including
but not limited to certain pesticides, or any residues or containers of such substances which
are disposed of in such quantity or concentration as to pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health, wildlife, or the environment because such wastes or constituents or
combinations of such wastes:
(a) Have short-lived, toxic properties that may cause death, injury, or illness or have
mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic properties; or
(b) Are corrosive, explosive, flammable, or may generate pressure through
decomposition or other means.
Disposal Site: Location where any final treatment, utilization, processing, or deposit of solid
waste occurs.
Diversion: Re-direction of Recyclable Materials from disposal through Resource Recovery.
Diversion Rate: The recovery of"non-MSW" waste streams; most notable asphalt,
concrete, and other construction, demolition, and land clearing debris. The diversion rate is
an overall measure which includes materials that fall under the"MSW Recycling Rate."
Drop-Off Center: Containers such as bins and Roll-Off Boxes placed at collection sites
designated for deposit by generators of specified materials such as Recyclable Materials or
Solid Waste.
EIS: Environmental Impact Statement, a document that identifies and analyzes in detail the
environmental impacts of a proposed action, including in some instances, the construction of
Solid Waste Management facilities, prepared in compliance with the National Environmental
Policy Act or state and provincial laws.
Energy Recovery: A process operating under federal and state environmental laws and
regulations for converting solid waste into usable energy and for reducing the volume of solid
waste.
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing: Buying environmentally preferable products or
services that have a less or reduced adverse effect on human health and the environment than
competing products or services that serve the same purpose, considering life cycle impacts:
raw materials acquisition, production, manufacturing packaging distribution, reuse,
operation, maintenance, or disposal.
Ethanol: An alcohol that is made using a process similar to brewing beer where starch crops
(such as corn) are converted into sugars, the sugars are fermented into ethanol, and then the
ethanol is distilled into its final form. Ethanol made from cellulosic or hemi cellulosic
biomass materials (such as agricultural and forestry residues)instead of traditional feedstocks
(starch crops)is called bioethanol.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 xiii
DEFINITIONS
Extremely Hazardous: Any dangerous waste which:
(a) Will persist in a hazardous form for several years or more at a disposal site, and
which in its persistent form:
(i) Presents a significant environmental hazard and may be concentrated by living
organisms through a food chain or may affect the genetic make-up of man or
wildlife; and
(ii) Is highly toxic to man or wildlife;
(b) If disposed of at a disposal site in such quantities as would present an extreme hazard
to man or the environment.
Franchise: Right or privilege conferred by a local government on one or more private
entities for the collection, transportation or other handling of Solid Waste or Recyclable
Materials. A Franchise may extend throughout the corporate limits of the local government
or may be limited to a specified area. Local power to grant Franchises typically stems from
state or provincial law, municipal charter, or home rule authority. Franchisees may be
required to secure certificates, licenses, or permits in order to perform franchised services.
Functional Standards: Criteria for solid waste handling expressed in terms of expected
performance or solid waste handling functions.
Hazardous Waste: All dangerous and extremely hazardous wastes, not including
radioactive wastes or a substance composed of both radioactive and hazardous components
and does not include any hazardous waste generated as a result of a remedial action under
state or federal law.
HDPE: High-Density Polyethylene, a plastic used to make a variety of products including
milk jugs and landfill liners. HDPE containers are often identified by the number"2" inside
the recycling arrows stamped on the container.
Incineration: A process of reducing the volume of solid waste operating under federal and
state environmental laws and regulations by use of an enclosed device using controlled flame
combustion.
Incinerator: A facility which has the primary purpose of burning or which is designed with
the primary purpose of burning solid waste or solid waste derived fuel, but excludes facilities
that have the primary purpose of burning hog fuel.
Inerts: Materials such as concrete, fully cured asphalt paving, glass, plastics, fiberglass,
asphalt or fiberglass roofing shingles, brick, slag ceramics, plaster, clay and clay and clay
products that do not degrade or putrefy and are not Hazardous Waste.
Inert Waste Landfill: A landfill that receives only inert waste, as determined under RCW
70.95.065, and includes facilities that use inert wastes as a component of fill.
Landfill: A disposal facility or part of a facility at which solid waste is placed in or on land
and which is not a land treatment facility.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 xiv
DEFINITIONS
Manual Collection: Solid Waste collection by hand rather than machine, where workers
grasp, lift and empty cans or toss bags into hoppers or buckets on a collection vehicle.
Contrast"Automated Collection."
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF): Building where Commingled Recyclables are
separated and processed (including sorting baling, and crushing) or where Source Separated
Recyclables are processed for sale to various markets. See"Intermediate Processing Center."
In a Dirty MRF, the incoming Recyclable Materials are co-collected and commingled with
other non-Recyclable portions of Solid Waste. See"Mixed Waste Processing."
Mixed Waste Processing: Picking sorting and otherwise separating Recyclable Materials
from commingled Refuse and Garbage, as opposed to picking, sorting and otherwise
separating one type of Commingled Recyclables (such as fiber)that was separated and
collected separately from Solid Waste from another type of Commingled Recyclable (such as
containers). See "MRF."
MRF (pronounced MURF): See "Materials Recovery Facility."
Municipal Solid Waste: See "Solid Waste."
MSW Recycling Rate: To determine a recycling rate that is consistent and comparable to
past years, Ecology has measured a very specific part of the solid waste stream since 1986. It
is roughly the part of the waste stream defined as municipal solid waste by the Environmental
Protection Agency. It includes durable good, nondurable good, containers and packaging,
food wastes, and yard trimmings. It does not include industrial waste, inert debris, asbestos,
biosolids, petroleum-contaminated soils, or construction, demolition, and land clearing debris
recycled or disposed of at municipal solid waste landfills and incinerators.
NIMBY (Not In My Backyard): Neighborhood, community, or local political opposition to
the siting and development of Solid Waste Management facilities.
Oil/Water Separator Sludges: Semi-solid after decanting the liquid; sludges usually come
from holding tanks associated with sewer systems that contain small amounts of petroleum
hydrocarbons and heavy metals.
Participation Rate: Ratio of generators (e.g., individuals, households or businesses) of
Recyclables Materials that actually participate in a Recycling Program by setting out
Recyclables for collection during a prescribed period of time, to generators who are served by
the Recycling Program and could participate in the Recycling Program.
PAYT (Pay As You Throw): See "Variable Rates."
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): Plastic commonly used to make containers such as soft
drink bottles. PET containers are often identified by the number"1" inside the recycling
arrows stamped on the container.
Petroleum-Contaminated Soils (PCS): Soils that have been contaminated by a petroleum
product through leaks from petroleum product storage tanks or spills.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 xv
DEFINITIONS
Post-Consumer: Products purchased and used by consumers, then discarded or recycled,
such as a newspaper that has been purchased and read, Recycled, then used to make
newsprint. Contrast"Pre Consumer."
Pre-Consumer: Feedstock used in manufacturing fabrication or industrial production, then
discarded or recycled, comprised of scrap, trimmings, cuttings and other post-production
discards such as overruns, over issue publications, and obsolete inventories. Contrast"Post-
Consumer."
Product Stewardship: Involves the actions taken to improve the design and manufacture of
products to facilitate either their reuse, recycling or disposal, as well as actions to establish
programs to collect, process and Reuse or Recycle products when they are discarded.
Pyrolysis: Thermal and chemical decomposition of Organic Waste in a furnace operated
without sufficient oxygen to allow combustion. Pyrolitic products include combustible gases,
oils, charcoal and mineral matter. Contrast"Incineration."
Rail Haul: Transportation of Solid Waste (generally long distances)by railroad.
RCRA (pronounced RECK RAA): Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 S.S. C.
Section 6901 et seq., as amended, the major U.S. Federal legislation first adopted in 1976 that
governs the management of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste in the United States.
Recyclable Materials: Solid wastes that are separated for recycling or reuse, such as papers,
metals, and glass, which are identified as recyclable material pursuant to a local
comprehensive solid waste plan. Prior to the adoption of the local comprehensive solid waste
plan, adopted pursuant to RCW 70.95.110(2), local governments may identify recyclable
materials by ordinance from July 23, 1989.
Recycled Content: Portion of a product's or package's weight that is composed of materials
re-manufactured from a Recyclable Product or packaging material, including Pre-Consumer
Materials or Post-Consumer Materials.
Recycling: Transforming or remanufacturing waste materials into usable or marketable
materials for use other than landfill disposal or incineration.
Reuse: Use of a product more than once in its same form for the same or different purpose
without substantial alteration. See "Recycled Product."
Septage: Semisolids consisting of settled sewage solids combined with varying amounts of
water and dissolved materials generated in a septic tank system.
Sewage Sludge: A semisolid substance consisting of settled sewage solids combined with
varying amounts of water and dissolved materials, generated from a wastewater treatment
system, that does not meet the requirements of Chapter 70.95J RCW.
Small Quantity Generator (pronounced SQEEGY): Facilities that generate very small
quantities of Hazardous Waste, between 100 kg (220 pounds) and 1,000 kg (2,200 pounds)
per calendar month. The regulatory requirements for Small Quantity Generators are less
stringent than persons who, or entities that, generate larger quantities of Hazardous Waste.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 xvi
DEFINITIONS
Soil Amendment: Any substance that is intended to improve the physical characteristics of
the soil, except composted material, commercial fertilizers, agricultural liming agents,
unmanipulated animal manures, unmanipulated vegetable manures, food wastes, food
processing wastes, and materials exempted by rule of the department, such as biosolids as
defined in chapter 70.95J RCW and wastewater as regulated in chapter 90.48 RCW.
Solid Waste or Wastes: All putrescible and nonputrescible solid and semisolid wastes,
including, but not limited to, garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes, swill, sewage sludge,
demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or parts thereof, and recyclable
materials.
Solid Waste Disposal: The discharge, deposit, injection, dumping spilling leaking, or
placing of Solid Waste on or in the land or water. This definition may vary under diverse
local, state, provincial, and national laws.
Solid Waste Management: Planned and organized handling of Solid Waste and Recyclable
Materials in an environmentally and economically sound manner, encompassing the
generation, storage, collection, transfer, transportation, processing Resource Recovery,
Reuse, and disposal of Solid Waste and Recyclable Materials and including all
administrative, financial, educational, environmental, legal, planning marketing and
operational aspects thereof.
Source Reduction (or Waste Reduction): Actions taken to reduce Solid Waste toxicity or
disposal, including (1) manufacturers' redesign and management of products and packaging
to extend product life, and facilitating repair, (2) consumers' reduced purchase and
consumption of products that become wastes; and (3) manufacturers' and consumers' reuse
of products.
Source Separation: The separation of different kinds of solid waste at the place where the
waste originates.
Subtitle C: Section of RCRA that authorizes U.S. EPA to establish regulations regarding
Hazardous Waste management.
Subtitle D: Section of RCRA that authorizes U.S. EPA to establish regulations for Sanitary
Landfills.
Superfund: Common name for CERCLA, including generally the entire CERCLA program
as well as specifically the trust fund established to fund cleanup of contaminated sites. See
"CERCLA."
TCLP: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, a lab test designed to determine whether
a Solid Waste is a Hazardous Waste because it releases toxic chemicals in Leachate.
Tipping Fee: Fee charged for accepting Recyclable Materials or Solid Waste at a Solid
Waste Management facility (such as a transfer station, Solid Waste Combustor, MRF, or
Landfill.).
Transfer Station: Facility that receives and consolidates Solid Waste or Recyclable
Materials from municipal or commercial collection trucks and self-haulers' vehicles and
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 xvii
DEFINITIONS
loads the Solid Waste onto tractor trailers, railcars, or barges for long-haul transport to a
distant disposal facility.
Universal Wastes: Several widely generated Hazardous Wastes identified by US EPA (such
as batteries, pesticides, thermostats and mercury containing lamps and equipment)that are
subject to streamlined requirements for collection, storage and processing if they are
Recycled in accordance with law rather than disposed.
Used oil: Includes:
(a) Lubricating fluids that have been removed from an engine crankcase, transmission,
gearbox, hydraulic device, or differential of an automobile, bus, truck, vessel, plane,
heavy equipment, or machinery powered by an internal combustion engine;
(b) Any oil that has been refined from crude oil, used, and as a result of use, has been
contaminated with physical or chemical impurities; and
(c) Any oil that has been refined from crude oil and, as a consequence of extended
storage, spillage, or contamination, is no longer useful to the original purchaser.
"Used oil" does not include used oil to which hazardous wastes have been added.
Variable Rates (or PAYT/Pay as You Throw): Charges for Solid Waste collection
services that incrementally increase with disposed Refuse and Garbage volume (such as 32-,
64-, or 96-gallon carts) or weight, with lesser or no charges for Recyclables collection
services, to encourage Recycling and discourage disposal. Variable rates do not necessarily
reflect actual operational costs but rather constitute behavioral incentives (or disincentives).
Waste-Derived Soil Amendment: Any soil amendment as defined in this chapter that is
derived from solid waste as defined in RCW 70.95.030, but does not include biosolids or
biosolids products regulated under chapter 70.95J RCW or wastewaters regulated under
chapter 90.48 RCW.
Waste Exchange: Organization or service that facilitates or arranges for Recyclable
Materials or discarded materials from various generators or industries to be Recycled or
Reused by others.
Waste Generation: Total amount of disposed Solid Waste and diverted Recyclables.
Waste Reduction: All in-plant practices that reduce, avoid, or eliminate the generation of
wastes or the toxicity of wastes, prior to generation, without creating substantial new risks to
human health or the environment. As used in RCW 70.95C.200 through 70.95C.240, "waste
reduction" refers to hazardous waste only.
Waste-to-Energy: Controlled combustion of Solid Waste in Solid Waste Combustors
having state-of-the-art pollution controls, and Energy Recovery therefrom. Types of Waste-
to-Energy facilities include mass burn units that incinerate mixed Solid Waste with little or
no prior separation, and RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)units that separate combustible Solid
Waste from noncombustible Solid Waste prior to combustion. See "Incinerators."
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 xviii
DEFINITIONS
Yard Debris: Plant material commonly created in the course of maintaining yards and
gardens, and through horticulture, gardening landscaping or similar activities. Yard debris
includes, but is not limited to, grass clippings, leaves, branches, brush, weeds, flowers, roots,
windfall fruit, vegetable garden debris, holiday trees, and tree prunings that are 4 inches or
less in diameter.
Zero Waste: Efforts to reduce Solid Waste generation waste to nothing or as close to
nothing as possible, by minimizing excess consumption and maximizing the recovery of
Solid Wastes through Recycling and Composting.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 xix
SECTION 1
Introduction
Under Washington State law(Chapter 70.95 RCW), each county, in cooperation with the
cities located within, is required to prepare a coordinated, comprehensive solid waste
management plan. Municipalities located within a county must fulfill their own solid waste
planning responsibilities and submit them for inclusion in the county plan. Cities may do this
by preparing their own plan, participating jointly with the County in the planning process, or
by authorizing the County or another city to prepare a plan for them as part of the
comprehensive county plan. Municipalities must adopt a complete plan through a formal
adoption process. In Spokane County, these cities are Cheney,Airway Heights, Deer Park,
Fairf'ield, Latah, Liberty Lake, Medical Lake, Millwood, Rockford, Spangle, Spokane,
Spokane Ualley, and Waverly. If a city elects to prepare its own plan, it must obtain its own
funding and arrange for the disposal of the waste generated within the jurisdiction.
Solid waste management plans in Washington State must be kept in a current condition.
Plans are required to be reviewed every five years and updated or revised as necessary. Plans
must consider a 20-year planning horizon. This 2009 Spokane County Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management Plan (2009 Plan) documents existing waste management policies and
handling methods. It establishes a waste management framework that will guide Spokane
County in the years ahead. The 2009 Plan is the result of an extensive public process
conducted during 2005, 2006, and 2007. The 2009 Plan updates the County's previous plan,
the 1998 Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan.
1.1 Overview of Institutional Structure and Planning Process
In Spokane County, the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System (System)is designated
through regional interlocal agreements to prepare the county solid waste management plan.
The System, a department of the City of Spokane, administers county-wide solid waste
planning activities and programs and manages operations at System facilities.
The timing of the 2009 Plan is unique because recommendations must satisfy regional bond
obligations as well as explore foundations for new solid waste management opportunities
after those bonds are retired. Funding to close non-compliant landfills and construct new and
compliant System solid waste, recycling and moderate risk waste facilities was acquired
through a grant from the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) and municipal
bonds. System facilities and programs are designed to serve the needs of residents and
businesses countywide, but the City of Spokane is responsible for repayment of the bonds,
scheduled for retirement in 2011. The 2009 Plan supports both near-term needs related to
current regional responsibilities, and longer-term recommendations to develop foundations
for new opportunities in solid waste management.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-1
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
The 2009 Plan update was prepared under the direction of the System. Guidance and
recommendations were provided by representatives from regional cities and the County, the
Spokane Regional Solid Waste Liaison Board (Liaison Board), the Solid Waste Advisory
Committee (SWAC), the Stakeholder Input Committee (SIC), and the general public.
Ecology provided additional guidance during the planning process.
1.1.05 Planning Update or Revision Criteria
When service levels or cost of service to Plan signatories change materially, a Plan update
would be required, whether as part of the five year Plan review process or outside of that
process timeline.
An exception to these criteria would be changes to the list of Designated Recyclable
Materials (See Appendix G). Items may be added or deleted from this list within the process
described in Section 5 without engaging in a formal Plan update or revision process. Adding
or deleting individual items from/to the list is not considered a change in level of recycling
service.
1.1.1 Spokane County, Regional Cities, and the Spokane Regional Solid Waste
System
The Spokane Regional Solid Waste System (System)was formed in 1988 by an interlocal
agreement between Spokane County and the City of Spokane. The purpose of the System is
to operate System's disposal, recycling, and moderate risk waste facilities, provide for
effective implementation of regional solid waste policies, and to develop solutions to regional
and solid waste management needs. The System is owned and managed by the City of
Spokane. The System is directed to perform regional planning and operations functions
through that 1988 agreement as well as additional interlocal agreements and amendments
between Spokane County and the City of Spokane and each of the other regional cities and
Fairchild Air Force Base (see Appendix A). In 2001 and 2003, respectively, two additional
cities (City of Liberty Lake and City of Spokane Ualley)incorporated. These new cities also
signed solid waste management interlocal agreements with the City of Spokane and Spokane
County. These interlocal agreements assign the System to conduct solid waste disposal, and
planning activities for these jurisdictions.
The System is responsible for operating System facilities and making all operational and
administrative decisions, except for the following maj or decisions which must be made with
agreement between the City of Spokane and Spokane County:
• An expansion of the System's service territory to include use of the System by persons or
interests outside of Spokane County.
• Any discretionary modification of the System costing more than $1,000,000.
• Major changes in the Waste-to-Energy (WTE)Facility construction contract of more than
$1,000,000 or increases in annual operating costs of more than 5 percent.
• Changes in the tipping fees other than those necessary to fulfill the bonding of the WTE
Facility or to cover landfill closure costs.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-2
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
• Siting and selection of any publicly owned transfer stations.
• Adoption and implementation of a County-wide solid waste reduction, recycling litter
control, or dangerous waste disposal program.
• Siting and selection of any regional landfill used for solid waste.
• The adoption, development, and implementation of a County-wide dangerous waste
disposal program.
Policies and issues of interest to all governments are brought forward to the Spokane
Regional Solid Waste Liaison Board for discussion.
1.1.2 Spokane Regional Solid Waste Liaison Board
The Spokane Regional Solid Waste Liaison Board (Liaison Board)is the policy board
regarding System operations and County-wide solid waste issues. The Liaison Board consists
of two representatives from the City of Spokane, two from Spokane County, one from the
City of Spokane Valley, and one representative for the small remaining cities. This board
does not have legislative decision-making powers but makes recommendations to the
Spokane City Council and the Board of County Commissioners when legislative authority is
required.
The terms of Liaison Board members are not set for a specific period of time. The members
are elected officials, shown in Exhibit 1-1, that serve at the discretion of their respective
legislative bodies, except for the small city representative who is selected by consensus by the
small city mayors. Presentations were made at each Liaison Board meeting during the
preparation of the Plan update to keep the board informed and to obtain input into the
planning process. The Liaison Board was presented with regular updates of the 2009 Plan
process by System staff as well as formal presentations by the consultants.
ExHisir 1-1
Liaison Board Members,2005
Name Representing Appointed
Bob Apple City of Spokane January 2007
Richard Rush City of Spokane January 2008
Bonnie Mager Spokane County January 2007
Mark Richard Spokane County January 2005
Gary Schimmels City of Spokane Valley July 2003
Doug Nixon Remaining Towns/Cities January 2008
1.1.3 Solid Waste Advisory Committee
The Solid Waste Management—Reduction and Recycling Act(Ch.70.95.165 RCW) specifies
the formation, roles, and membership of County SWACs. SWAC members are appointed by
County Commissioners, who limit membership to two 4-year terms. The SWAC provides a
forum for the concerns and interests of constituents of the planning area to be heard and
included in the planning process. The SWAC reviews and actively participates in preparation
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-3
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
of the Plan in an advisory capacity, and facilitates the Plan's adoption by jurisdictions and
acceptance by the public. The SWAC may also review and comment upon proposed rules,
policies, or ordinances prior to their adoption. Spokane County has had a standing SWAC
since preparation of the 1984 Spokane County Solid Waste Management Plan (Parametrix,
1984). In October 2006, the County passed a revised resolution establishing a Solid Waste
Advisory committee to increase membership from 9 to 15 members, 3 from each of five
categories: citizens, business, waste management industry, local elected public officials, and
public interest groups. The membership on the Spokane County SWAC effective October
2006 is shown in Exhibit 1-2.
EXHIBIT 1-2
Solid Waste Advisory Committee Members,2008
Name Date Appointed Re-Appointed Expires
Dave Alvarado 07-12-05 -- 07-12-09
Frank Etter 07-12-05 -- 07-12-09
Thomas Flanagan 06-05-07 -- 06-05-07
Ken Gimpel 02-08-05 -- 02-08-09
Clyde Haase 11-28-06 -- 11-28-10
Joe Jacobs 07-12-05 -- 07-12-09
Bonnie Mager 03-06-07 12-31-10
Mike Noder 07-12-05 -- 07-12-09
Sheila Pachernegg 06-10-03 06-19-07 06-19-11
Richard Rush 01-14-08 -- 01-14-08
KC Traver, Chair 04-08-03 03-27-07 03-27-11
Steve Taylor 01-16-07 -- 01-16-07
1.1.4 Stakeholder Input Committee
A Stakeholder Input Committee (SIC)was formed to broaden participation, engage various
viewpoints, obtain comments, and provide an additional opportunity for interested parties to
be involved in the decision-making process related to the Plan update. SIC workshops were
designed for the region's political, professional, and technical solid waste stakeholders. Core
participants of the SIC consisted of regional government representatives, SWAC members,
and System staff. Broader technical input was solicited from other organizations such as
waste management and recycling industries, public agencies, the scientific community,
environmental groups, and other pertinent community and business interests as topics of their
expertise were discussed. Workshops were held on a monthly basis prior to SWAC
meetings, furnishing an opportunity for SIC members to provide input to be shared and
considered in SWAC's evaluation of draft Plan chapters.
1.1.5 Public Involvement
Involving the public in solid waste management planning is an important element of
developing and updating solid waste management plans.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-4
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
Two general public meetings were held. The first one was held to obtain public comments
on the list of solid waste management alternatives that were developed during the planning
process. The second public meeting was held for public review of the preliminary draft Plan
update.
1.1.6 County and Regional City Input
Presentations were made to the Board of County Commissioners and each City and Town
Council updating them on the planning process and seeking their input on alternatives and
recommendations.
1.2 Plan Goals and Objectives
A statement of priorities was prepared by the SWAC to identify their key interests during the
planning process.
• Involve public and stakeholders.
• Consider variable tipping fees on specific wastes:
— Construction and demolition (for example, asphalt shingles), wood waste.
— Other WTE applicable wastes (for example, tires).
• Reevaluate curbside recycling collection:
— Within existing service areas.
— Based on material types.
• Evaluate existing recycling goals and methods.
• Evaluate markets for recyclables.
• Evaluate material recovery facilities (MRFs) and material separation methods.
• Evaluate new technologies.
• Review and evaluate system administration and management.
• Review and evaluate interlocal agreements.
• Review and evaluate flow control agreements.
In addition, the SWAC and SIC identified specific goals and objectives for the Plan for
managing solid waste in Spokane County. This overview helped to focus the Plan on the
specific needs of Spokane County, and led the development and the final conclusions reached
by this Plan.
• Goal: Satisfy State priorities for waste management.
Obj ectives:
— Reduce disposal through waste reduction and reuse.
— Measure progress in achieving goals and objectives.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-5
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
• Goal: Ensure future financial integrity of solid waste management in the county.
Obj ectives:
— Ensure financial clarity and establish measures for accountability.
— Maintain sufficient funding mechanisms.
• Goal: Provide for efficient collection and transfer of MSW and recyclables.
Obj ectives:
— Ensure access to collection services for residences, businesses, and industry.
— Locate recycling facilities and System transfer stations to optimize service levels and
transportation efficiencies.
— Recycle prior to WTE processing or landfill disposal.
— Encourage competition to reduce costs of collection and processing.
• Goal: Ensure adequate disposal capacity.
Obj ectives:
— Promote research opportunities for new solid waste management technologies.
— Provide adequate disposal capacity for municipal solid waste and, as needed, WTE
ash through 2027.
• Goal: Establish guidelines and strategies for management of specific waste streams.
• Goal: Continue public outreach and education efforts.
• GoaL• Maintain proper monitoring and regulatory procedures.
Chapters 4 through 13 incorporate these goals and objectives for solid waste management.
Key issues are considered for each element of the solid waste system. Alternatives for
addressing these issues are then described and evaluated. Finally, the evaluation of
alternatives leads to a specific set of recommendations to support Spokane County in meeting
its solid waste management goals.
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SECTION�INTRODUCTION
1.3 Summary of Recommendations
At the outset of the planning process, the SWAC and SIC adopted on a list of screening
criteria for use in the evaluation of the plan alternatives. Although the criteria ultimately
were not utilized in the alternatives selection process, they provided a tool for evaluating the
different attributes of each alternative. The list of screening criteria is included as Exhibit 1-
3.
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. The process included voting, whereby the participants were asked to vote
on each alternative by placing a green (yes), red (no) or yellow (undecided) dot next to each
alternative. The votes were then tallied and utilized in the final recommendations. The
results of this exercise are included in Exhibit 1-4.
Evaluations and comparisons of the alternatives discussed in each section leads this Plan to
recommend implementing a progressive but monitored approach to solid waste reduction,
reuse, recycling, and disposal. This approach will provide for continued progress toward
meeting Washington State's diversion goal while maintaining a balance of costs and
diversion benefits to Spokane County residents and businesses. Not all alternatives advanced
as recommendations. Some alternatives were modified to allow for the assessment or
monitoring of an issue as a recommendation (the numbering of the individual
recommendations reflects their order as alternatives described in the full text of each section).
The recommendations are summarized in Exhibit 1-5.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-7
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
EXHIBIT 1-3
Alternatives Screening Criteria
Preliminary Key Questions
Screening Criteria
I Environmental . Determine environmental impacts, both positive and negative associated with the
Impacts alternative. On a general level, are the negative environmental impacts associated
with the alternative localized, of short duration, and concentrated on one or two
elements? Do positive and/or long-range environmental impacts out weigh any or all
of the negative environmental impacts?
Positive environmental impacts should significantly outweigh negative environmental
impacts to receive a rating of 3.
II Impact on . Will implementation of the alternative result in an increase in the long-term net present
System/System value of system costs (capital, present and future maintenance costs, revenues,
Costs residual value)?
The alternative should decrease or not unreasonably increase long-term levelized
tipping fees or user rates without providing a greater residual value to receive a rating
of 3.
III Economic . Does the alternative have the potential for generating growth opportunities for local
Development businesses, industries, and entrepreneurs?
The alternative should encourage local and regional growth opportunities to receive a
rating of 3.
IV Risk . If there are risks(for example, financial, operational, legal, regulatory compliance,
market availability, market competitiveness) as a result of implementing a proposed
site, facility, or program, can they be controlled and managed with the resources and
staff expertise of the System, County, local jurisdictions, or other public and private
entities?
Risk exposure should be minimized to receive a rating of 3.
V Level of Service . Does the alternative have the ability to improve service for residents and businesses?
The alternative should provide a higher level of service to receive a rating of 3.
VI Consistency with . Will implementation of the alternative promote consistency between solid waste
State Waste management goals and objectives in Spokane County, Washington State priorities,
Management regional obligations, and local conditions?
Priorities
The alternative should not cause inconsistency with county goals, State priorities,
regional obligations, or local conditions to receive a rating of 3.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-8
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SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
Section 4. Source Reduction
The Plan supports careful assessment and judicial use of public funds to provide financial
assistance for waste reduction programs in meeting the State's priority of waste reduction
efforts. Free-market economy and public education should be encouraged in order to
contribute to the success of overall waste reduction and recycling programs.
The Plan endorses product stewardship as a means of promoting greater reuse of products
and materials that have residual value as an alternative to their disposal as municipal solid
waste. Finding alternative uses for waste products can reduce the volume and cost of their
disposal and contribute to the cost effectiveness of their consumption as a resource. The
complete use of toxic and hazardous substances for their intended purpose can reduce the
cost and impact of disposing of them as components of the waste stream. The Plan strongly
supports the development of public and/or private partnerships in programs that market the
reuse and recycling of select products. Examples include the reuse of grocery bags, reselling
or exchange of household items, and greater utilization of used building materials in the
construction of public infrastructure and the private housing market.
Product Stewardship
1. Develop partnerships with private sector organizations to provide reuse and recycling
options for select products.
3. Support product stewardship efforts.
Procurement
4. Assess using purchasing power to influence markets for recovered materials.
Internal Waste Reduction Practices
6. Implement in-house waste reduction programs and practices.
Waste Reduction Education
7. Continue waste reduction education programs.
9. Assess providing recognition for waste reduction successes.
Waste Material Exchanges
10. Continue administration of waste/materials exchange.
11. Encourage private waste exchanges.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-22
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
Section 5. Recycling
The Plan supports the region's efforts in recovering recyclable material from the solid waste
stream and endorses the recycling priorities and goals established by the State of
Washington.
The Plan encourages an increased use of inetrics to provide the necessary fact-based
feedback upon which continued improvement can occur and recommends regular, recurring
evaluation of existing recycling programs to determine the feasibility of adding new
materials or removing materials that are not economically feasible to recycle. However, it
should be recognized that there could be a lower net cost to recovering recyclable materials
and paying for their reentry into the commodities market or utilizing them in another
beneficial application than it would be to dispose of them as a solid waste.
The Plan recommends continued examination of established residential recycling methods in
the interest of increasing the amount of recyclable materials that is kept out of the waste
stream and expanding the opportunity for greater participation in curbside or drop-off
collection, particularly in rural areas. Simplicity is often the key to successful public
participation in any substantive program. Therefore, modified alternative collection systems
should be further examined as a potential means to increase residential recycling rates for
both urban and rural areas.
The Plan recommends continued promotion of private efforts to further divert recyclable
materials from commercial sources. Under RCW 70.95.020(7): "It is the intent of the
legislature that local government be encouraged to use the expertise of private industry and
to contract with private industry to the fullest extent possible to carry out solid waste
recovery and recycling programs." Given this legislative intent, the System will encourage
private sector solutions to present and future recycling and waste reduction challenges in
Spokane County, including the incorporated entities that are signatories to the Plan.
Contracted recycling should be considered either in lieu of or in addition to public recycling
collection programs. Both public institutions and private enterprises could increase
recycling through the establishment of a food-waste recycling program. Additionally, large
public events and special venues should offer greater opportunities for recycling through
increased and more convenient placement of containers for collection.
Residential Recycling
1. Continue to strive to satisfy the State's priorities for recycling.
2. Periodically evaluate existing recycling programs to determine the feasibility of adding
new materials or removing materials that are no longer economically feasible to collect.
3. Monitor and improve public education efforts to maintain the current success as well as
increase the amounts of materials diverted for recycling and composting.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-23
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
4. Monitor and respond to Washington's electronic waste recycling law ESSB 6428.
5. Perform study on costs and benefits of multi-stream and other curbside recycling
systems. Use results to determine feasibility of changing curbside recycling systems from
current three-sort system.
6. Assess voluntary curbside or drop-off recycling collection programs in rural areas.
Provide results to collectors and rural jurisdictions.
8. Evaluate the current residential recycling system for potential improvements that will
increase diversion at the lowest cost with the highest effectiveness.
Commercial Recycling
10. Continue to support and encourage private efforts to divert recyclable materials from
commercial sources.
11. Continue to encourage non-residential recycling through local ordinances, policies,
procedures, incentives, technical assistance, and recognition programs.
12. Encourage food waste management by the commercial sector.
Composting
15. Expand yard waste collection efforts, including construction of a local compost facility
or other yard debris management systems.
Public Recycling
17. Develop program to facilitate recycling at public venues and events.
Section 6. Collection
The Plan recommends that additional means be assessed to improve the solid waste
collection process. The use of incentive rates should be considered to encourage increased
recycling and waste reduction. An example is the "Pay as You Throw" program where the
rates are structured so that those who dispose of more are charged more than those with
lower waste volumes. Alternative collection strategies such as co-collection and/or
frequency of service should also be considered.
The option of mandatory collection should be carefully assessed. More centralized
recyclable collection locations for rural households would support optional self-hauling and
contribute to greater waste reduction. The Plan does not promote mandatory commercial
recycling, but does support a free-market economy with a progressive and participative
business sector combined with public education to contribute to Ecology's priorities of
waste management.
2. Assess changing service levels to capture more households.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-24
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
3. Assessing contracting for recycling.
4. Assess alternative collection strategies.
5. Assess mandatory collection.
Section 7. Transfer Systems
The Plan recommends the development of criteria for determining if the existing Spokane
Regional Solid Waste System owned transfer stations need to be upgraded. The need for
additional Spokane Regional Solid Waste System owned and/or privately owned transfer
stations operating within the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System should also be carefully
evaluated. The tonnage capacity of the existing System transfer stations is adequate, but the
queuing space for self-haul vehicles at the Valley Transfer Station is inadequate. The
limited queuing space available at the Valley Transfer Station increases the time required to
process through the facility which can serve as an economic disincentive to commercial
activities sensitive to time factors and costs.
The Plan strongly encourages regional planning leading to the establishment of locations for
staging and processing of large surge volumes of debris that result from major disasters.
Potential incidents for the Spokane area realistically include volcanic eruptions, wind
storms, firestorms, ice storms, railroad derailment, and/or terrorist attack Pre-identification
of staging areas and the establishment of contingency handling processes, including potential
contracted services, will ultimately reduce the impact of such disasters, increase the public
safety during response/cleanup operations, and lessen the overall impact on our region.
1. Develop criteria for determining if the existing transfer stations need to be upgraded,
including assessing improvements to operational efficiencies.
2. Assess needs for additional transfer stations.
3. Establish locations for staging and storage of natural disaster debris.
4. Offer reuse areas at System facilities if costs, logistics, and demand for the service justify
implementing a program.
Section 8. Energy Recovery
Provided that the WTE facility remains an element of the region's solid waste management
strategy, the Plan recommends that plant operations must remain responsive enough to be
able to meet future State and Federal air emissions requirements through the application of
maximum achievable controls technology in a manner that is deemed cost effective and
affordable.
The federal government considers municipal solid waste to be a renewable energy source.
The electricity produced from steam, generated as a result of the mass burn process, is a
clean, easily distributed form of energy that contributes to the sustainability of our
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-25
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
community. The revenue generated from the sale of the recovered energy helps offset the
cost of the overall waste management system and allows for the subsequent disposal of solid
waste in a manner that is less harmful to our environment. Additionally, there remains a
substantial amount of low-grade process heat after the steam turbine electrical generation
process that might be sold as district heat in nearby development of the Spokane Airport
Business Park.
The Plan recommends the careful assessment of expansion of the WTE Plant, specifically
the addition of a third boiler, including considering the impacts from regional solid waste
generation volumes. However, the capital bonds required to pay for the initial construction
of the WTE Plant will be completely paid off by 2011. This will significantly lower the
annual cash flow requirements of the system and perhaps allow for a substantive reduction in
tipping fees. The plant has been well maintained and with continued maintenance, has many
years of useful life remaining. Therefore, it makes sense to continue operations under the
conditions stated above and to take advantage of this opportunity to lower overall system
costs and/or tipping fees to competitive levels. The Plan strongly encourages assessing all
options that can reduce the cost of plant operations to be considered, including in-house
operation, contracted operations, or its sale to a private entity.
The Plan also recommends consideration be given for additional waste processing on the
receiving side in order to remove more material that is not burnable and to increase the
recovery of recyclable materials. Similarly, the Plan recommends the pursuit of post-
processing technologies for the substantial amount of residual ash that is a byproduct of the
mass burn process. Possible applications include encouraging the use of bottom ash as a
component of non-structural fill for roads, parking lots, and building sites. Possible uses for
the fly ash might be as a component in cementitious construction materials as a substitute for
cement. Additional waste processing at the WTE Plant and the system transfer stations can
further increase recycling rates and improve the overall performance of the plant.
Finally, the Plan encourages the local consumption of the WTE Plant's energy production to
help satisfy the area's needs, particularly for public infrastructure that is more heavily energy
dependent, such as wastewater treatment or an electrified regional light rail system.
L Maintain the WTE Facility to continue operations after bond retirement.
2. Assess issues and parameters of adding a third boiler to the WTE Facility.
3. Evaluate front-end processing of waste to improve recovery of material prior to
incineration.
4. Assess development of Malloy Prairie landfill site for ash disposal.
6. Assess combining the ash and bypass disposal contract with the WTE operating contract
instead of renewing the existing contract.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-26
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
8. Assess sale of the WTE Facility to a private company or public energy utility.
9. Assess sale of Malloy Prairie landfill site.
Section 9. Landfills
The Waste to Energy facility cannot handle all of the waste generated within Spokane
County. A large component of the waste stream is non-burnable waste that does not lend
itself to mass burn technology. Additionally, the process itself results in residual ash that
currently is transported for disposal in the Roosevelt Regional Landfill in Klickitat County,
Washington. Therefore, until other technologies and/or waste disposal strategies become
more available and affordable, landfill disposal will remain an element of the region's
overall waste management strategy.
The Plan recommends assessing multiple transportation modes for out-of-county landfill
disposal of waste in order to reduce the vulnerability and expense associated with any single
transport mode. Contracts should be competitively based on cost, reliability, and
responsiveness with respect to meeting the needs of Spokane County.
The Plan also recognizes the potential benefits of in-county landfill disposal, in part to
provide for contingency disposal capacity when bypass solid waste cannot be sent to an out
of county landfill, as well as in the event of civil or natural disasters that could result in a
large surge of solid waste requiring immediate disposal. Any additional landfills should be
sited within Spokane County with the greatest amount of scrutiny and consideration for the
environment, in particular, the regional aquifer.
The Plan recommends that all post-closure costs for landfills that exist within Spokane
County, and for which the public has a financial liability, be fully considered for inclusion
within the overall regional waste management system. Taking a long-term approach in
addressing the financial obligations presented by past and present landfill operations will be
in the best interest of Spokane County, both fiscally and environmentally.
The Plan supports the continued development of alternative waste disposal technologies.
The Plan is very supportive of monitoring and assessing gas extraction and energy recovery
technologies that can further reduce the potential environmental impacts of landfills while
adding to the overall sustainability of the region.
1. Investigate alternative transportation modes for waste transferred to an out-of-County
landfill.
2. Expand the Northside Landfill MSW cell for contingency/bypass use.
3. Examine post-closure care funding for County- and City of Spokane-owned landfills.
4. Monitor developments in alternative processing technologies for municipal solid waste.
5. Assess development of an in-County MSW landfill for use after 2011, either public or
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-27
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
privately owned and operated.
6. Assess long haul of municipal solid waste out of the County.
7. Assess using both the WTE Facility and out-of-County landfill for disposal of MSW.
10. Identify needs and costs to remediate closed landfills in the County (including private
landfills).
Section 10. Miscellaneous Waste
The Plan supports public education as it relates to miscellaneous waste handling and
disposal. Specifically, efforts to promote awareness among individual homeowners
regarding the proper identification, handling, and disposal procedures for asbestos
containing materials should be included as part of the System's public outreach program.
Similarly, the Plan supports continued coordination with the Spokane Regional Health
District to produce and distribute educational materials related to biomedical wastes. The
Plan emphasizes the need for continued System involvement in the planning and execution
of local, state, and federal emergency response plans, particularly as they involve agricultural
or other miscellaneous wastes discussed in this chapter.
The Plan recommends additional research and investigation of alternative uses for the ash
generated as a by-product of operating the Waste to Energy facility. Currently, disposal of
the resultant ash by rail to a regional landfill is a major cost component of plant operations.
This recommendation supports a careful and thorough examination of the issue in the hope
that better information will ultimately lead to lower disposal costs for the citizens of
Spokane County, a further reduction of waste volumes, increased sustainability of our
community development, and continued protection of our environment.
The Plan supports the diversion of yard debris in biosolids composting programs, but
funding sources should come from outside of System or solid waste grant funds. The Plan
recommends the existing programs related to contaminated soils, recycling of electronics,
foundry operations, paper sludge, tires, and universal waste continue to be managed by the
private sector. The Plan further encourages that, wherever appropriate, the private sector be
allowed to recycle and treat other miscellaneous waste streams as they exist or become
established.
Special Waste
1. In Spokane County, any generator wishing to manage hazardous wastes as special
wastes should consult with the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) and,
as appropriate, solicit the services of qualified waste management contractors for
handling and managing the wastes.
Agricultural Waste
2. Develop emergency response plans regarding agricultural waste specific to available
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-28
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
resources and operations and in coordination with local, state, and federal agencies.
3. Continue to support existing federal, state, and other agency policies and procedures
that have been developed for the management of animal carcasses that have been
diagnosed or suspected of being carriers of an infectious disease.
Asbestos Waste
4. Continue to educate homeowners about proper identification of asbestos-containing
materials and proper handling and disposal methods.
5. The System should continue to work with SCAPCA to develop more comprehensive
information and outreach strategies. Information is available on the SCAPCA website
www.scapca.or�.
Ash from Waste-to-Energy Facility
6. Continue to monitor research and investigate alternatives for ash utilization. The
handling of ash residue must be protective of public, worker, and environmental health
and safety. Substantive changes to the handling of the ash residue shall be accompanied
by an early and extensive public process consistent with WDOE permit requirements.
Any ash recycling program must be preceded by extensive research into recycled ash,
with documentation that no significant harmful effects exist from the recycled ash
products before a project is undertaken. Any notification of permit changes shall be
copied to the governing bodies over the SRSWS.
Biomedical Waste
7. Continue to coordinate with SRDH in the distribution of educational materials for
correct management of inedical waste generated by residents.
8. Continue to plan and coordinate with the appropriate federal, state, and local agencies
regarding emergency response plans involving human or animal diseases.
Biosolids and Septage
9. Continue to monitor potential changes and examine other alternatives for future
disposal, if necessary.
10. Funding sources should be pursued for existing biosolids composting facilities that need
to replace aged and worn-out equipment, to improve system processing and to provide
reliable operations.
Contaminated Soils
11. Continue to allow the private sector to manage and dispose of contaminated soils in
permitted facilities.
12. Where appropriate, support and encourage the private sector to treat contaminated soils
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-29
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
to minimize the amounts landfilled.
Electronic Waste
13. Support e-waste recycling activities within the private sector.
Foundry Operations
14. Continue to allow the private sector to manage and dispose of foundry wastes.
15. Management practices should be encouraged to reduce and recycle these wastes, when
feasible.
Paper Sludge
16. The County and cities should continue to allow the private sector to appropriately
manage and dispose of its paper sludge wastes.
17. Management practices to reduce and recycle these wastes should be supported and
encouraged, when feasible.
Tires
18. Encourage County and city purchasing programs for recycled tire products.
19. Continue to promote and implement County and city fleet programs to reduce tire
waste.
20. Continue to include information on reducing tire waste and recycled tire produces in
public education programs.
21. Assess use of waste tires as feedstock for Waste to Energy Facility during seasonal low-
volume periods.
Universal Wastes
22. Continue to allow small quantity generators to bring LJW to existing Small Quantity
Generator(SQG)waste collection events for proper disposal.
23. Continue to promote the private sector to appropriately manage universal waste for
recycling.
Section 11. Construction, Demolition, Landclearing, and Inert
The Plan supports continued public outreach and education on options for the waste
reduction, recovery, and disposal of construction, demolition, landclearing and inert waste
(CDL/�. Based on the waste stream analysis provided as an appendix to this plan, CDL/I
represents the greatest opportunity for further waste reduction through the potential recovery
of recyclable materials. Therefore, the Plan strongly supports considerations for
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-30
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
development of in-county CDL/I recycling facilities. The Plan supports the identified need
for emergency storage, handling, and disposal capacity as called for in regional disaster
management plans.
The Plan recommends the development of voluntary waste diversion specifications.
Mandatory diversion specifications should be carefully assessed in order that they do not
impose unnecessary costs compared to the benefits.
1. Continue to provide outreach and education on options for the waste reduction or
recovery of CDL/I.
2. Assess development of CDL/I waste diversion specifications for County or municipal
proj ects.
3. Assess use of recycled content material specifications for County or municipal
construction and engineering proj ects.
4. Assess development of a CDL and Inert waste diversion ordinance.
5. Support markets for CDL/I by promoting reuse and recovery.
6. Evaluate financial incentives, public/private partnerships, and policies to encourage
recovery/recycling of CDL/I materials.
7. Continue with development of a Disaster Management Plan for emergency disposal
activities that coordinates with federal, state, and local agencies' emergency plans.
8. Assess options regarding development of in-County CDL recovery facilities.
Section 12. Moderate Risk Waste
The Plan recommends continuing with the System's current public education program
related to moderate risk waste. Additional opportunities for moderate risk waste education,
training collection, or processing programs should be carefully assessed to weigh the costs
with the benefits of the programs. Expenditure of limited resources must always be
appropriately scrutinized and prioritized. The Plan encourages the system to continuously
look for ways to improve and monitor the effectiveness of its programs.
Household and Public Education
1. Continue public education programs to reduce the generation of moderate risk waste.
2. Continue to provide public education on alternative products.
Household Hazardous Waste Collection
3. Assess using mobile collection centers to target rural areas.
4. Assess providing on-call collection services for moderate risk waste.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-31
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
4a. Continue Household Hazardous Waste collect ion at permanent System facilities.
Mercury Waste Education and Outreach
5. Continue to provide education and outreach to residents on the risks associated with
mercury in the waste stream and to promote the availability of HHW collection sites and
recycling businesses for alternate methods of processing along with proper handling and
disposal of this waste.
Business Technical Assistance
6. Develop and distribute purchasing guidelines for re-refined lubricating oils.
7. Continue to provide business collection assistance for MRW.
8. Maintain enforcement efforts by appropriate enforcement agencies.
Section 13. Administration and Enforcement
The Plan recommends maintaining support for required regulatory and enforcement
activities. The Plan supports cooperative efforts in reducing illegal dumping throughout the
County and the abatement of solid waste nuisances on public and private property.
The Plan supports high level collaboration and representation by all affected jurisdictions
within Spokane County regarding regional solid waste management and disposal
administrative issues, both before and after interlocal agreements expire or are renewed.
Careful evaluations of all administrative designs should be conducted in an open, transparent
atmosphere to clearly identify the benefits, responsibilities, and commitments of each option.
From a governance and administrative perspective, the Plan recommends the current system
be restructured into a system that is governed by a board comprised of inembership that is
proportionally representative of the overall region. Other regional governance boards
already exist and so this would be consistent with other programs managed on a regional
basis. Examples of existing boards are the Regional Public Health Board, Airport Board,
Spokane County Air Pollution and Control Authority Board, and the Spokane Transit
Authority Board. Suggested representation would be three elected officials from the City of
Spokane, two elected officials from the City of Spokane Valley, two elected officials from
the Association of Small Cities, and two elected Spokane County Commissioners.
Among options for administrative design, the Liaison Board could be eliminated or
considered as the basis for establishment of a regional governing board with real authority
for establishing policy and making final decisions in regard to System management and
budgetary issues that are regional in nature.
The SWAC recommends that the Solid Waste Advisory Committee, under any revised
system of governance, continue to serve in its role as an advisory body to the new board of
authority. Their input could be of greater weight than the current reporting structure in
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-32
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
which they report to the Board of County Commissioners. Additionally, that body could
consider the creation of two sub-committees to help in the formulation of advice regarding
(1) policy matters, and (2)technical matters.
SWAC further strongly supports that practical matters along with potential legislative
actions to authorize the above recommended system dictate that the transition to a regional
governance structure be planned for implementation to coincide with either the expiration of
existing interlocal agreements or at such time as the existing agreements can be renegotiated.
The Solid Waste Advisory Committee, however, recommends that a new governance system
be implemented in the most expeditious manner reasonably achievable, but not later than
2011.
Because of the legal and political complexities involved in understanding and designing
regional solid waste disposal systems, the Plan recommends further study and legal expertise
to flesh out advantages and challenges to these or any other designs. The Liaison Board
could facilitate the formation of a Regional Solid Waste Planning Committee to study and
discuss issues and options regarding the future structure of solid waste management and
disposal administration within Spokane County, as described in Alternative 6.
6. Regional Solid Waste Planning Committee
The Liaison Board should establish a Regional Solid Waste Planning Subcommittee within
90-days of final Plan approval comprised of County and municipal jurisdictions, Fairchild
Air Force Base, and appropriate agencies and stakeholders, to discuss and further research
options for future regional solid waste management administrative structures, including but
not limited to:
• Liaison Board assumes administration of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System.
• Transfer of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System administration to the Board of
County Commissioners.
• Transfer of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System administration to a Regional
Board made up of countywide stakeholders.
• Spokane Regional Solid Waste System.
• Solid Waste Disposal District.
• Solid Waste Disposal District with an Executive Advisory Committee.
• Independent Regional Authority.
• Municipal-Operated Disposal Facility(ies).
• Metropolitan Municipal Corporation.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-33
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
ExHisir 1-5
Summary of Recommendations
7. Assess a solid waste program tipping fee rebate.
1.4 Regulatory Framework
1.4.1 Purpose and Authority
The purpose and authority for solid waste planning is derived from Ch. 70.95 RCW State
Solid Waste Management—Waste Reduction and Recycling Act, which defines the role of
counties and cities in solid waste management.
In 1989, the Washington State Legislature amended Ch. 70.95 RCW to provide added
direction to local governments to incorporate waste reduction and source separation strategies
into coordinated systems of solid waste management. The State's objective of waste
reduction is to reduce the amount of waste that becomes a government responsibility. The
objectives of source separation are to remove materials from disposal that have resource
value and to effectively isolate hazardous materials from improper disposal.
The revised legislation also addressed two significant issues relevant to the development of
solid waste management plans: solid waste management priorities, and specific elements of
local waste reduction and recycling programs.
Solid waste collection, handling and management priorities are to be implemented in the
following order: Waste Reduction; Recycling; Energy recovery/incineration or landfill
disposal of separated and mixed wastes, respectively.
The amendment also established a goal of achieving a 50 percent municipal solid waste
(MSW)recycling rate for the state by 2007.
1.4.2 Planning Guidelines
Complementing the legal requirement codified in Ch. 70.95 RCW, is guidance on how solid
waste plans are to be prepared, as provided in the Washington State Solid Waste Planning
Guidelines (Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication No. 90-11, 1999). These
guidelines set forth the required content and recommended organizational structure for solid
waste management plans. The 2009 Plan has been prepared using those guidelines.
1.4.3 Local Hazardous Waste Management
Local governments must develop hazardous waste management plans under the purview of
the Hazardous Waste Management Act(Ch. 70.105 RCW). Discussion of hazardous waste is
not required within local solid waste management plans, although a county or city may elect
to include such a discussion in its plan. Spokane County's Hazardous Waste Management
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-34
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
Plan was published as a stand-alone document in 1991. It was updated and incorporated into
the 1998 Solid Waste Plan.
Local moderate risk waste plans are intended to provide guidelines for the development of
programs and activities addressing the management of moderate risk waste (MRW).
Moderate risk wastes, as defined by Ecology, include:
• Any household wastes generated from the disposal of substances identified by Ecology as
hazardous household substances.
• Any waste generated by businesses or institutions that exhibits any of the properties of
hazardous waste but is exempt from regulation because the waste is in quantities below
the threshold for state or federal regulation, which is typically 220 pounds (100 kg)per
month or per batch for each generator.
Moderate risk waste programs are designed to protect public health and the environment by
eliminating the indiscriminate disposal of moderate risk wastes into solid waste systems,
wastewater treatment systems, and the environment. Consequently, the hazardous waste
management plan (referred to here as the moderate risk waste management plan, or MRW
Plan) complements the solid waste management plan through its efforts to ensure proper
handling and disposal of hazardous waste from households, businesses, and institutions.
For the 2009 Plan update, moderate risk waste management has been incorporated into the
Solid Waste Management Plan in Section 12.
1.4.4 Disposal Facility Siting Criteria
The 1984 amendment to the Solid Waste Management-Reduction and Recycling Act(Ch.
70.95.090 RCW) mandates that each local solid waste management plan assess the planning
area for disposal facility siting according to various locational standards. An in-depth
analysis of disposal siting was conducted as part of the 1992 Spokane County Comprehensive
Solid Waste Management Plan (Parametrix, 1992). The results of that analysis are
summarized in this plan.
1.4.5 Beyond Waste Plan
An important State document that provides guidance and direction in the development of the
SWMP is the Beyond Waste Plan, the State's solid and hazardous waste management plan
(adopted in November 2004). The Beyond Waste Plan (BWP) shifts the direction of solid
waste planning away from a focus on management and towards a vision of waste prevention.
Counties are not mandated to follow the initiatives outlined in the BWP, but are strongly
encouraged to pursue initiatives and recommendations that are feasible in their jurisdictions.
The BWP identifies five initiatives, or areas of focus:
1. Moving Toward Beyond Waste with Industries
2. Reducing Small-Volume Hazardous Materials and Waste
3. Increasing Recycling for Organic Materials
4. Making Green Building Practices Mainstream
5. Measuring Progress Towards Beyond Waste
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-35
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
In addition to the above initiatives, the BWP identifies a number of issues that affect the
current system of solid and hazardous waste management. Implementing the Beyond Waste
Plan will take several years.
Thus, the BWP outlines the following issues affecting current waste handling to move its
vi si on forward:
Current Hazardous Waste Svstem Issues
1. Pollution Prevention
2. Compliance with Dangerous Waste Regulations
3. Permitting/Corrective Action
Current Solid Waste Svstem Issues
1. Solid Waste Authorities and Local Planning Issues
2. Recycling and the Technical Nutrient Cycle
3. Disposal—Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
1.5 Solid Waste Planning History in Spokane County
1971 and 1984 Spokane County Solid Waste Management Plans
1971 - Spokane County developed its first solid waste management plan for the county.
1984 - The 1984 Spokane County Solid Waste Management Plan (Parametrix, 1984)update
was prepared by Spokane County to address changes in regulations, technology, and public
awareness and to guide program development. Plan recommendations led to the
development and implementation of waste reduction and recycling programs and a WTE
Facility, conducting a siting study for a new regional landfill, and forming an
intergovernmental agency to manage solid waste issues. An additional and significant
development was the formation of the System in 1988 by interlocal agreement between the
County and the cities/towns of Spokane County.
The System became responsible for implementing solid waste management plans, planning
and developing specific waste management programs, and updating solid waste plans.
1991 Spokane County Moderate Risk Waste Management Plan
The 1991 Spokane County Moderate Risk Waste Management Plan (MRW Plan) (Parametrix,
1991)was the System's first comprehensive planning effort designed to improve the
management of moderate risk wastes in Spokane County. The MRW Plan contributed to the
Washington State Legislature's goal of"...establishing a comprehensive state-wide
framework for the planning, regulation and management of hazardous waste..." as outlined
in the state Hazardous Waste Management Act, Ch. 70.105.007 RCW.
The MRW Plan was developed to protect the natural resources and public health in Spokane
County by eliminating the discharge of moderate-risk wastes into solid waste and energy
recovery systems, wastewater treatment systems, and into the environment through
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-36
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
indiscriminate disposal. The MRW Plan was developed with significant direction and input
from the SWAC, regional cities, numerous local and state agencies, and the general public.
The 1991 MRW Plan highlighted seven key areas with recommendations for improving
moderate risk waste management in Spokane County:
• Household hazardous waste education.
• Household hazardous waste collection.
• Moderate risk waste education for businesses.
• Moderate risk waste collection for businesses.
• Health and safety.
• Compliance and enforcement.
• Program evaluation.
1992 Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan
The 1992 Spokane County Solid Waste Management Plan (Parametrix, 1992)update was
built on the planning framework established in the 1984 Plan and was prepared in accordance
with the new planning requirements set forth in Ch. 70.95 RCW and outlined in the state
planning guidelines established in 1990.
1992 -Plan key issues:
• Significant increase in waste diverted from disposal.
• Selection of a vendor for yard waste processing.
• Development of long-term plans for disposal of nonprocessible waste, bypass, and ash
from the WTE Facility.
• Documented the status of landfill closures in the county.
• Documented plans for construction of the Colbert and Ualley Transfer Stations.
• Recommended a coordinated approach to illegal dumping between the Spokane Regional
Health District and the System.
1998 Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan
1998 -Plan key issues:
• A comprehensive review of waste reduction and recycling opportunities in the county that
showed a significant increase in materials that were diverted from disposal.
• Promotion of grass recycling by sponsoring the participation of SO local households in the
Toro Mulch Mowing program.
• A catastrophic waste management plan.
• A long-term plan for disposal of nonprocessible waste, bypass, and ash from the WTE
Facility.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-37
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
• Documentation of the status of landfill closures in the county.
• Documentation of plans for the upgrade the Colbert Transfer Station, addition of a third
scale and second scalehouse, and the expansion of the facility.
• Support for coordinated approach to illegal dumping between the Spokane Regional
Health District and the System.
1998 Moderate Risk Waste Management Plan
The Moderate Risk Waste Management Plan (Parametrix, 1998)update was fully integrated
into the 1998 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, and was not a separate, stand-
alone document. The 2009 Plan will continue the inclusion of the MRW Plan as part of the
overall waste management planning document for the county.
The 1998 MRW Plan specifically addressed the Used Oil Recycling Act(Ch. 70.951 RCW)
concerning needs for collection and recycling of used motor oil produced by residential "do-
it-yourselfers" —individuals who change the oil in their own vehicles. The Act requires that
plans establish appropriate goals for improving collection, recycling and re-refining of used
oil, for educating citizens, and for meeting reporting requirements.
A summary of the MRW Plan recommendations is provided in Section 12.
1.6 Consolidated List of Facilities
A consolidated list of solid waste and recycling facilities is included as Exhibit 1.6. This list
includes all public and private facilities that are open to the public. Where available,
information has been included on the existing use and capacity, as well as any known
deficiencies in the facility. The location in the Plan where more detailed information on the
facilities can be found is indicated in the last column of Exhibit 1.6.
EXHIBIT 1-fi
Consolidated List of Solid Waste and Recycling Facilities in Spokane County
Facility Type Ownership Existing Capacity Deficiencies More Info.
Usage in Section
Northside Landfill Public-City of 13,000 tons 9.2.3.2 and
(MSW cell) Landfill Spokane per year 400,000 CY after
Graham Road 11,588,000
Recycling& Limited Purpose Private- 300,000 tons tons 11.3.5.1
Disposal Facility Landfill Waste Mgmt. per year (100 years)
Valley Transfer Transfer Station Public—City of 1,200 tons Limited �5 2�
Station and recycling Spokane per day queuing space
North County Transfer and Public—City of 800 tons �5 2�
Transfer Station recycling Spokane per day
Sunshine Transfer Transfer Station Private 5.2.5.3
Station and Recycling
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-38
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
Waste to Energy Waste to Public—City of 800 tons 5 2 2
Facility Energy Spokane per day
Inland Asphalt Inert Facility Private 11.3.5.1
Landfill
Busy Bee Landfill &
Wood Recycling Inert Facility Private 11.3.5.1
Co.
EXHIBIT 1-fi CONTINUED
Consolidated List of Solid Waste and Recycling Facilities in Spokane County
Facility Type Ownership Existing Capacity Deficiencies More Info.
Usage in Section
Spokane Rock Inert Facility Private 11.3.5.1
Products
Action Recycling/ Recycling Private 5.2.8.1
Phoenix Metals
American Recycling Recycling Private 5.2.8.1
Clark's Recycling Recycling Private 5.2.8.1
(Valley)
Clark's Recycling Recycling Private 5.2.8.1
Dickson Recycling Recycling Private 5.2.8.1
Diversified Recycling Private 11.3.5.1
Recycling
Recycling
Du-Mor Recycling (including Private 5.2.8.1
electronics)
Earthworks Recycling
Recycling (including Private 5.2.8.1
electronics)
Pacific Recycling Recycling Private 5.2.8.1
Recycling
Spokane Recycling (including Private 5.2.8.1
electronics)
Cheney Recycling Recycling Public 5.2.5.2
Facility
Medical Lake Recycling Public 5.2.5.7
Recycling
Fairchild Air Force Recycling Public 5.2.6
Base
Northwest Industrial Recycling Private (11)
Services
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-39
SECTION�INTRODUCTION
Camas Institute Electronics Private 5.2.8.1
Recycling
Computer Monitor Electronics Private 5.2.8.1
Service Recycling
Inland Retech Electronics Private 5.2.8.1
Recycling
Recycle Techs Electronics Private 5.2.8.1
Recycling
EXHIBIT 1-fi CONTINUED
Consolidated List of Solid Waste and Recycling Facilities in Spokane County
Facility Type Ownership Existing Capacity Deficiencies More Info.
Usage in Section
PC Salvage- Electronics Private 5.2.8.1
Tacoma Recycling
Total Reclaim- Electronics Private 5.2.8.1
Seattle Recycling
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 1-40
SECTION 2
Waste Generation
2.1 Introduction
This section provides information on the waste stream in Spokane County. It includes
historical and forecast waste quantities in total and on a per-capita basis. The composition of
wastes disposed, recycled, and generated is also provided. This information is used as the
basis for analyzing the various elements of this Plan Update.
2.2 Waste Stream Definition
State RCW 70.95.030 defines "solid waste" or"waste" as "all putrescible and nonputrescible
solid and semisolid wastes including but not limited to, garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial
wastes, swill, sewage sludge, demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or
parts thereof, and recyclable materials." Waste materials addressed in this Plan Update are
described using a number of terms, including municipal solid waste (MSW); construction,
demolition, land clearing and inert(CDL&�waste; miscellaneous waste; and moderate risk
waste. For the purposes of this Plan Update, these wastes will be defined as follows:
• MSW means wastes generated by households and businesses that are typically delivered
to the transfer stations and Spokane Regional WTE Facility for disposal, or are recycled
or composted through various means. Included in MSW are small quantities of special
wastes and residential moderate risk waste, as well as CDL waste delivered in small
quantities to System facilities.
• CDL&I wastes include materials delivered to privately operated inert and demolition
facilities for recycling or disposal, waste accepted at the Northside Landfill, and CDL&I
waste segregated from MSW at the WTE Facility or System transfer stations and
delivered to the Northside Landfill or to the BN Yardley Intermodal Site for long-haul
disposal at the Roosevelt Regional Landfill. CDL&I wastes are further defined in Section
11.
• Miscellaneous waste includes agricultural waste, asbestos waste, ash from the WTE
Facility, biomedical waste, biosolids, contaminated soils, and septic tank waste. These
wastes are managed through a variety of inethods, as described in Section 10.
• Moderate risk waste includes hazardous waste produced by households and by businesses
and institutions in small quantities. These wastes are managed through a variety of
methods, as described in Section 12.
The MSW and CDL&I waste quantity estimates exclude ash from the WTE Facility that is
currently sent to RDC for disposal. This waste stream is addressed in Section 8, Energy
Recovery/Inci nerati on.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 2-1
SECTION 2 WASTE GENERATION
2.3 Data Sources
Waste quantity projections for this plan are based on System disposal records, recycling data
compiled by the Washington State Department of Ecology(Ecology), population from the
Washington State Office of Financial Management(OFM), and the results of the waste flow
analysis that was conducted in conjunction with this Plan Update by Cascadia Consulting
Group. Waste generation is calculated as the sum of recycling (including composting)plus
disposal.
2.4 Trends in MSW Generation, Recycling, and Disposal
Generation, recycling and disposal for Spokane County in 2004 are shown in Exhibit 2-1.
The data shown do not include CDL delivered to non-System facilities, and materials counted
as "diversion" by Ecology such as concrete, asphalt, tires, and anti-freeze.
EXHIBIT 2-1
2004 MSW Generation, Recycling,and Disposal for Spokane County�
Tons
Generation 578,027
Recyclinga 241,043
Disposalb 336,984
a Washington State Department of Ecology, 2006.
b Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, 2006.
An indication of long-term trends in disposal, recycling, and generation is shown in Exhibit
2-2. As shown in Exhibit 2-2, there has been a substantial increase in waste generation;
however, recycling has increased much more than disposal.
EXHIBIT 2-2
Spokane County Historical Population and Tons of Waste Generated, Recycled,and Disposed
Year Population Generated Recycled Disposed
1992" 374,569 423,812 142,733 281,079
2004 432,000 578,027 241,043 336,984
1992-2004 15.3% 36.4% 68.9% 19.9%
% Change
Exhibit 2-3 provides a comparison in per-capita generation between Spokane County,
Washington State, and the United States. As shown, per-capita generation has increased at
more than 1 percent per year in Spokane County, compared to a small increase for
Washington State, and a very small decrease for the United States. It should be noted that the
data shown in Exhibit 2-3 are accumulated from different sources that use different
methodologies and have somewhat different definitions of what is and is not included as
waste. However, the general trends are probably representative.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 2-2
SECTION 2 WASTE GENERATION
EXHIBIT 2-3
Comparison of Per-Capita MSW Generation Rates
Lbs/Person/Day
Generated Recycled Disposed
Spokane
1992 6.20 2.09 4.11
2004 7.33 3.06 4.27
Average annual change 1.41% 3.23% 0.32%
Washington State"'
1990 6.74 2.53 4.21
2003 7.01 2.69 4.32
Average annual change 0.30% 0.47% 0.20%
United States'"
1990 4.50 0.73 3.77
2003 4.45 1.36 3.09
Average annual change -0.09% 4.90% -1.52%
2.5 Waste Generation Forecast
Estimates of solid waste generation forecasts for Spokane County are shown in Exhibit 2-4.
As shown, annual generation is forecast to increase from about 578,000 tons in 2004 to
965,000 tons in 2030. This forecast assumes a 1 percent annual increase in per-capita
generation. The amount of municipal solid waste requiring disposal will depend on the level
of waste reduction and recycling that occurs in the future.
EXHIBIT 2-4
Spokane County Forecast MSW Generation
2004 2010 2020 2030
Population" 435,835 468,191 519,577 567,897
Generation (MSW tons) 578,027 657,166 802,149 965,005
Per-capita generation (Ib/p/day) 7.3 7.7 8.5 9.3
2.6 Waste Disposal Composition
During preparation of this Plan Update, a waste flow analysis was conducted (refer to
Appendix B). One result of that analysis was an estimate of the composition of disposed
waste in the County. Exhibit 2-5 shows the composition of waste disposed at System
facilities for 10 major material categories. As shown, the most prevalent recyclable materials
disposed are food wastes (21.2%) and paper(20.1%). A more detailed estimate of waste
composition is shown in Exhibit 2-6.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 2-3
SECTION 2 WASTE GENERATION
EXHIBIT 2-5
Waste Composition Summary"'
d
� 30.0% . o
� 25.0%
� 20.1% . o
y 20.0%
�
N 15.0%
t�i� 10.0%
Q ' � o 0 5.0% 3.8% � 4.6%
t/� 5.0%
p 0.3% 0.4%
0 0.0%
d Q Q�� Q 5'�,0 �5� �'��\ o�a ���a \o�a ���� ��°� ��`.� �o�� �o��
L `a \`d ('j� � � .l a �p ��` p\`a p�`a
� O�� G �G� G�
Q� � 0
a r�� � � ��
d`� o�.r� ��°
r�
O'`
Mate ria l
2.7 Waste ImportlExport
Small quantities of waste are imported into Spokane County from adjacent counties because
the boundaries of some WUTC certificated haulers encompass multiple counties. In 2004,
the System recorded 1,765 tons of MSW delivered to the WTE Facility for disposal from
outside the County by haulers and self-haul customers.
Most of the material exported from Spokane County is ash and bypass materials from System
facilities that are sent via rail to the Roosevelt Regional Landfill in Klickitat County. In
2004, 41,424 tons of MSW and 85,563 tons of ash were sent to this facility.
EXHIBIT 2-fi
System Disposed Waste Stream Composition""
Percent �2004) Percent �2004)
#2 Plastic Buckets 0.0% 43 OCC/Kraft Bags or Paper 0.3% 1,171
ABS Pipe 0.0% 127 Oil-Based Finishes 0.0% 6
Adhesives and Glue 0.0% 31 Oil-Based Paint 0.0% 11
Agricultural Crop Residues 0.0% 0 Other Aluminum &Nonferrous 0.3% 941
Alkaline/Button Cell Batteries 0.0% 111 Other Colored Glass Containers 0.0% 7
Aluminum Cans 0.2% 738 Other Colored Glass Bottles & 0.0% 19
Containers
Animal carcasses 0.0% 0 Other Ferrous Metal 0.6% 2,034
Animal feces 1.3% 4,531 Other Ferrous Metals 0.4% 1,470
Antifreeze 0.0% 13 Other Glass 0.6% 1,891
Asbestos 0.0% 19 Other Hazardous 0.0% 125
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 2-4
SECTION 2 WASTE GENERATION
EXHIBIT 2-fi
System Disposed Waste Stream Composition""
Percent �2004) Percent �2004)
Ash 0.0% 143 Other Haz Waste 0.0% 0
Asphaltic Concrete 0.0% 126 Other Mineral Aggregates 0.0% 15
Asphalt Paving 0.1% 354 Other Miscellaneous Fines 0.2% 744
Asphalt Roofing 0.0% 10 Other Non-Ferrous Metal 0.1% 439
Batteries 0.0% 53 Other Office Paper 0.9% 2,956
Bleached Polycoat Paper 0.2% 515 Other Organics (e.g., rags) 0.0% 156
Branches &Stumps 0.0% 7 Other Paper 0.4% 1,433
Bricks/Masonry Tile 0.0% 130 Other Plastics 0.6% 2,185
Brown Glass Bottles& 0.1% 412 Other Plastic Packaging 0.3% 1,177
Containers
Built-Up Roofing 0.2% 666 Other Wood 0.2% 800
Bulky Items 0.1% 353 Other/Non-Recyc. Glass 0.0% 17
Carpet/upholstery/other 1.6% 5,409 Paint 0.1% 233
textiles
Clay Roofing Tile 0.0% 47 Paper Bags 0.2% 750
Cleaners and corrosives 0.0% 28 Painted/Stained Wood 1.2% 3,915
Clear Glass Bottles& 0.5% 1,570 Pallets and Crates 0.3% 1,010
Containers
Colored Ledger Paper 0.1% 271 Paper/Other Materials 0.7% 2,274
Composition Shingles 0.6% 2,107 Pesticides/Herbicides 0.0% 49
Compostable Paper 6.0% 20,120 Pete Containers 0.4% 1,342
Computer Paper 0.2% 565 Phone Books and Directories 0.1% 324
Concrete Masonry Unit(CMU) 0.0% 16 Plastic Film and Bags 2.2% 7,428
Concrete 0.2% 795 Plastic Products 0.4% 1,450
Construction/Demolition 2.0% 6,601 Plastic/Other Materials 0.5% 1,716
Wastes
Contaminated Wood 0.7% 2,403 Polystyrene Foam 0.2% 710
Creosote/Pressure Treated 0.2% 662 Polyurethane Foam/Carpet 0.0% 46
Padding
Dimensional Lumber 1.9% 6,308 Porcelain 0.0% 44
Dirt 0.3% 919 Prunings and Trimmings 0.2% 682
Disposable Diapers 1.8% 5,974 PVC Pipe 0.1% 309
Drywall Corners/Metal 0.0% 161 Recyclable glass containers 1.5% 5,082
Bindings
Durable Plastic Items 0.7% 2,234 Remainder/Composite 0.5% 1,670
Construction & Demolition
Electronics 0.3% 961 Remainder/Composite 0.2% 779
Household Hazardous
Fiberglass (Acoustical) 0.0% 91 Remainder/Composite Metal 0.6% 2,189
Ceiling Panels
Film Plastic 1.8% 6,021 Remainder/Composite Organic 1.8% 5,959
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 2-5
SECTION 2 WASTE GENERATION
EXHIBIT 2-fi
System Disposed Waste Stream Composition""
Percent �2004) Percent �2004)
Finished Furnishings 0.0% 160 Remainder/Composite Paper 2.9% 9,872
Flat Glass 0.1% 317 Remainder/Composite Plastic 0.8% 2,682
Foam Rubber/Padding 0.2% 550 Remainder/Composite Special 0.2% 683
Waste
Food Cans &Other Ferrous 0.9% 3,131 Remainder/Composite Glass 0.1% 476
Food 7.9% 26,590 Remanufacturing Scrap 0.0% 78
Food Wastes 11.2% 37,734 Rock, Soil & Fines 0.2% 684
Galvanized Steel 0.5% 1,731 Roofing/Siding 0.4% 1,328
Gravel 0.0% 164 Rubber Products 0.1% 307
Green Glass Bottles & 0.3% 1,080 Sand 0.0% 0
Containers
Gypsum Board 0.1% 302 Sewage Solids 0.0% 0
HDPE Containers 0.3% 881 Slate/Quarry Tile 0.0% 40
Furniture/Mattresses 1.3% 4,334 Small appliances 0.4% 1,351
Industrial Sludge 0.0% 10 Small Prunings 0.1% 267
Insulated Wire/Cable 0.0% 107 Solvents and Thinners 0.0% 5
Insulation 0.1% 328 Structural Fiberglass 0.0% 21
Gas Metal Cylinders 0.0% 74 Stumps and Logs 0.0% 102
Gas/Fuel Oil 0.0% 22 Tarpaper/Asphalt Felt 0.3% 896
Gift Wrap Paper 0.0% 96 Textiles 2.5% 8,433
Gypsum Wallboard 0.8% 2,693 Tin/Steel Cans 0.3% 1,018
HDPE#2 Plastic Bottles 0.3% 922 Tires 0.2% 674
Household batteries 0.0% 38 Treated Medical Waste 0.0% 6
Laminate/Formica 0.0% 36 Treated wood 0.5% 1,556
Large Appliances 0.0% 108 Tyvek Vapor Barrier 0.0% 5
Large Prunings 0.3% 1,075 Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 2.4% 8,002
Latex Paint 0.0% 63 Unfinished Furnishings 0.0% 2
Leaves and Grass 1.2% 4,080 Upholstery 0.0% 76
Linoleum 0.0% 20 Used Oil 0.0% 21
Lumber 1.4% 4,780 Vehicle& Equipment Fluids 0.0% 4
Magazines and Catalogs 0.8% 2,709 Vehicle batteries 0.0% 0
Major Appliances 0.0% 11 White Ledger Paper 1.5% 5,195
Manures 0.0% 0 WindowGlass 0.1% 423
Medical Waste 0.0% 85 Wood Preservatives 0.0% 0
Mercury-Containing Waste 0.0% 15 Wood Roofing and Siding 0.4% 1,405
Mirror Glass 0.0% 1 Yard wastes 2.9% 9,679
Miscellaneous Inorganics 0.3% 897
Miscellaneous Organics 0.4% 1,458
Miscellaneous Plastic 0.2% 801
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 2-6
SECTION 2 WASTE GENERATION
EXHIBIT 2-fi
System Disposed Waste Stream Composition""
Percent �2004) Percent �2004)
Containers
Mixed Demo. Wood 0.4% 1,459
Mixed/Demo. Gypsum Scrap 0.4% 1,506
Mixed Metals/Materials 1.1% 3,849
Mixed Recyclable Paper 8.2% 27,575
Mixed Residue 0.2% 662
MSW 0.1% 175
New Gypsum Scrap 0.3% 864
New/Clean Used Lumber 0.9% 2,881
New/Demo. Engineered 1.0% 3,310
Wood
Newspaper 2.1% 7,232
Non-distinct Fines 0.6% 2,135
OCC/Kraft Paper 1.6% 5,441
Total 100.0% 336.984
' Spokane Regional Solid Waste System Records and Washington State Department of Ecology.
" 1998 Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan.
"' Solid Waste in Washington, 13th Annual Report,2005.
'° U.S. EPA,MSW in the United States,2003 Facts and Figures.
" Washington State Office of Financial Management,Intermediate Forecast.
°' Spokane County Waste Flow Analysis, Cascadia Consulting Group,2006.
°" Waste composition estimates compiled by CH2M HILL from Cascadia Waste Flow Analysis,2006.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 2-7
SECTION 3
Natural and Human Environment
3.1 Natural Environment
The geographic area of Spokane County covers approximately 1,765 square miles and lies at
the northeast corner of the Columbia Plateau (see Exhibit 3-1). Spokane County is situated
midway between Canada to the north and the State of Oregon to the south. Neighboring
Washington State counties include Whitman County to the south, Lincoln County to the
west, and Stevens and Pend Oreille to the North. The State of Idaho lies to the east.
Neighboring Idaho counties include Kootenai and Benewah Counties.'
3.1.1 Topography
The topography of Spokane County ranges from its lowest elevation of 1,534 feet above sea
level along the Spokane River to Mount Spokane at 5,878 feet above sea level. The Spokane
River, which originates at Lake Coeur d'Alene in Idaho, flows primarily east to west through
Spokane County in the wide depression of land that forms the Spokane Valley. A drop of
134 feet in the river, known as the Spokane Falls, marks the beginning of a shift in the river's
flow to a northwesterly direction. Another drop of 240 feet occurs at the confluence with the
Little Spokane River, where the topography changes to a deep gorge-like valley bordered by
prominent cliffs and terraces.
To the north and west of the Valley, there are several mesas that rise 400 to 500 feet above
surrounding lands. These mesas range between 2,300 and 2,450 feet above sea level. The
northeastern portion of Spokane County is a bedrock highland that includes Mount Spokane
and surrounding peaks.
Much of the topography of the southwestern part of Spokane County consists of southwest-
trending channels eroded into the basalt plateau, known as the channeled scablands.
Topography in the south and southeast consists of relatively flat basalt plateaus. However,
various peaks are found in this area, with Mica Peak rising to 5,205 feet above sea level.
3.1.2 Air
3.1.2.1 Climate
Spokane County's climate is derived from oceanic, continental, and mountain influences. To
the west, the Cascade Mountains limit the movement of cool marine air into the area. The
Rocky Mountains to the east and north protect Spokane County from most of the cold air
masses that move across Canada in the winter. Summer weather is generally dry, sunny, and
warm, with cool nights. Winters are fairly cool, with temperatures often below freezing and
with mostly low precipitation.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-1
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
EXHIBIT 3-1
Spokane County Vicinity Map
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-2
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
Meteorological data compiled from 1971 to 2000 are shown in Exhibit 3-2 and compared to
2005 data. The average annual maximum, minimum, and average temperatures are generally
the same. Temperatures can range from below zero in the winter to over 100 degrees (F)in
the summer. Precipitation increased somewhat, most of that increase coming in the form of
rain because actual snowfall was less than average. Most of Spokane County's precipitation
occurs between October and March. Sub-zero temperatures and disabling snowfalls are not
common. Winds are predominately out of the southwest, with an average wind velocity of 8
mph."
EXHIBIT 3-2
Meteorological Data(Average Annual)
National Weather Service���
Average Average Average Average Average
Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual
Maximum Minimum Average Precipitation Snowfall
Year(s) Temperature Temperature Temperature (inches) (inches)
1971 to 2000 57.4°F 37.2°F 47.3°F 16.55 45.8
2005 57.5°F 38.1°F 47.8°F 20.14 16
3.1.2.2 Air Quality
Because of topographic and climatic conditions, Spokane County can suffer from significant
seasonal fine particulate air-pollution problems. Frequent temperature inversions and stable
air conditions cause air pollutants to accumulate in the Spokane Valley basin. These
conditions are most persistent in fall and winter. Spring and summer inversions are more
frequent but shorter in duration. Wood stoves are used widely in Spokane County, and
contribute greatly to the air pollution problem. Burning bans are mandated when pollution is
trapped in the Spokane Valley and the air quality is deemed impaired by Ecology or the
Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority (SCAPCA). Burning of grass and other
agricultural fields are tightly controlled by Ecology and SCAPCA--agencies that issue
permits on a limited basis because of the detrimental effect on air quality. SCAPCA has
prohibited burning under Article VI, Section 6.O1.D as follows:
• Within a No-Burn Area, as defined by resolution of the Board of Directors of the
Authority.
• After December 31, 2000, within any urban growth area having a population of 5,000 or
more people, or within any incorporated city or town having a population of 10,000 or
more people, or within any urban growth area contiguous with a nonattainment area or
former nonattainment area.
• After December 31, 2006, within any urban growth area.
• Where the Authority, Ecology, or permitting authority has determined that reasonable
alternatives are available.
These SCAPCA regulations are based on similar regulations administered by Ecology under
WAC 173-425-040.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-3
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
The primary source of carbon monoxide (CO)in the atmosphere is gasoline-powered motor
vehicles. Other sources include heating and power generation from natural gas and wood
heat for residential, commercial, or industrial uses. Topographic conditions restrict the
movement of air and pollutants out of the Spokane Valley basin and further complicate the
inversion problems. The Spokane City Center, where there is increased traffic volume and
the associated emissions, was within a CO non-attainment area. However, attainment status
was achieved in July 2005, primarily as a result of improved air emission controls on vehicles
and the replacement of older vehicles that operated without pollution prevention controls
with newer, improved vehicles.
Furthermore, portions of Spokane County have been designated as non-attainment areas for
particulates less than 10 microns in diameter(PMio). Spokane County and the cities of
Spokane and Spokane Valley have changed their snow removal programs to reduce the
amount of traction sand placed on the roads in the winter by increasing the use of liquid de-
icers, and sweeping and flushing high traffic areas more often (Edgar, 2006). The City of
Spokane made significant changes to its sweeping program. The downtown area is swept and
flushed once per week as a result of changes made in 1993. Since implementation of this
program, Spokane has only exceeded the Federal Air Quality PM10 Standard twice (Egger,
2006).
3.1.3 Water
3.1.3.1 Surface Water
The surface waters of Spokane County include the Spokane River and its tributaries, in
addition to smaller streams and lakes. These lakes are located in the southwestern and central
eastern portions of Spokane County. Popular recreational area lakes include Medical Lake in
the southwest quadrant of the county, Newman Lake and Liberty Lake, located near the east
central section of Spokane County, and Eloika Lake along the northern border. In all, lakes
cover approximately 5,646 acres of Spokane County.
3.1.3.2 Groundwater
There are four distinct groundwater zones present in Spokane County. (1)the Spokane-
Rathdrum Zone, (2)the Sand and Gravel Zone, (3)the Basalt Zone, and (4)the Metacomplex
Zone. The Spokane-Rathdrum Aquifer was designated as a sole-source of water supply for
the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene area by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA)in 1978.
A designation was established for the area within which activities could affect the aquifer
water quality. This aquifer sensitive area (ASA)is illustrated in Exhibit 3-3. Various cities
and the County have implemented land use practices with the purpose of protecting water
resources affected by their jurisdictions.'° Aquifer recharge occurs all along the Spokane
River in the eastern Valley where the elevation of the river is above the water surface
elevation in the aquifer. There is evidence of aquifer-river interchange downstream from the
recharge section to Spokane Falls in the City of Spokane. Because of population growth and
increased development, aquifer quality and capacity concerns have developed in the region,
making it more difficult to obtain water rights.°
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-4
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
ExHisir 3-3
Aquifer Sensitive Areas
Spokane-Rathdrum Sole-Source Aquifer
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3.1.3.3 Water Quality
Most surface water in Spokane County is considered unfit for domestic use. The water
quality is adversely affected by the land-locked conditions of most ponds and lakes, human
activity along waterbodies, runoff from agricultural fields, and the discharge of sewage
effluent. Furthermore, water quality necessary to sustain fish has become a concern for the
Spokane River and its tributaries. The low levels of oxygen, caused by phosphorus
discharging or seeping into the rivers, are currently being addressed by Ecology through the
establishment of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) of contaminants entering these water
bodies. The TMDL will require additional treatment systems at wastewater treatment plants
and may place controls on nonpoint sources that contribute to the degradation.
Groundwater is used for drinking supplies. As mentioned previously, the Spokane-Rathdrum
Aquifer is the sole-source drinking water supply for Spokane metropolitan areas. Aquifer
water quality is currently within federal drinking water regulation standards. However,
increased urbanization and human activity affects the water quality, especially because of the
permeable soils (sands and gravels)within this area. Spokane County and affected
municipalities have programs to connect septic tank systems to sewers, which has brought
about improvements to water quality (nitrates and other nutrients)in portions of the Valley.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-5
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
3.2 Human Environment
3.2.1 Demographics
In 2004, Spokane County had an estimated total population of 432,000, and by 2005, the
population increased to 436,300 (see Exhibit 3-4). The County was ranked as the fourth most
populous county in Washington State, with about 7 percent of the State's population. Most
of the total population is concentrated in the urban and suburban valley, which tends to
roughly conform to the boundary of the Aquifer Sensitive Area(ASA). In 2004, the largest
city in the county was the City of Spokane with 197,400 residents or 45.7 percent of the
county's population and the City of Spokane Valley, located adj acent to and east of Spokane,
is second largest at 83,950. Population density decreases sharply in all directions from these
two cities. Other cities and towns outside of these metropolitan areas are Deer Park to the
north; Liberty Lake and Millwood to the east; Airway Heights and Medical Lake to the west;
Cheney to the southwest; and Spangle, Rockford, Fairfield, Waverly, and Latah to the south.
Collectively, these other cities and towns comprise approximately 10 percent of Spokane
County's total incorporated population. Most of the estimated 116,000 rural residents live
throughout the north, west, and southern portions of Spokane County. Fairchild Air Force
base, located west of Spokane, has a population of approximately 4,357. The total average
population density for Spokane County is less than one person per acre, approximately 247
persons per square mile. These numbers did not change dramatically in 2005.
ExHisir 3-4
Spokane County Population��
Jurisdiction 2004 Population Percent of Total 2005 Population Percent of Total
Waverly 131 0.03 128 0.03
Latah 204 0.05 212 0.05
Spangle 297 0.07 269 0.06
Rockford 511 0.12 484 0.11
Fairfield 576 0.13 589 0.13
Millwood 1,645 0.38 1,645 0.38
Deer Park 3,045 0.70 3,100 0.71
Medical Lake 4,120 0.95 4,350 1.00
Fairchild AFB 4,357 1.01 4,357 1.00
Airway Heights 4,590 1.06 4,640 1.06
Liberty Lake 4,950 1.15 5,255 1.20
Cheney 9,855 2.28 10,070 2.31
Spokane Valley 83,950 19.43 85,010 19.48
Spokane 197,400 45.69 198,700 45.54
Spokane County
Unincorp. (excluding 116,369 26.94 117,491 26.93
Fairchild AFB)
Total 432,000 100" 436,300 100"
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-6
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
Long-term population trends for Spokane County are shown in Exhibit 3-5. The County
experienced a period of slow population growth and net-outmigration during the 1980s.
During the 1990s, population growth was much more rapid before moderating somewhat
since 2000. Between now and 2025, growth is forecast to be somewhat greater than what has
occurred since 2000, but less than what was experienced in the 1990s. Fairchild AFB's
population (those people that live on base) has declined since the last Plan and is expected to
decline further in the future (Diane Wulf, 2006).
EXHIBIT 3-5
Spokane County Population Growth and Projections���
Year Population Annual Growth Rate
Historic
1980 341,835
1990 361,333 0.6%
2000 417,939 1.5%
2004 432,000 0.8%
2005 436,300 0.5%
Forecast
2015 496,981 1.3%
2025 561,627 1.2%
The 2000 Census shows a definite change in the area's core population base, with the outer
neighborhoods of the cities of Spokane and Spokane Valley gaining population at the
expense of their central downtown counterparts. However, this trend may be reversing
because of recent movement among developers to provide residences within the City of
Spokane's downtown core, including condominiums, apartments, and lofts located in
restored historical buildings as well as new construction.
Ethnically, the county is composed largely of white Americans (approximately 91 percent of
the population). Of the 91 percent, approximately 1 percent is of Ukrainian/Russian ancestry.
Racial minorities represent approximately 9 percent of the population and are composed as
follows: Black- 1.5 percent; American Indian - 1.3 percent; Asian - 1.8 percent; Hispanic -
2.7 percent; and Other- 1.7 percent.°"'
3.2.2 Economics
3.2.2.1 Industries
The City of Spokane is the second largest city in the state and is a regional transportation,
financial, health care, and cultural center for the Inland Northwest(defined to include eastern
Washington, northern Idaho, western Montana, northeast Oregon, and southeast British
Columbia). The City of Spokane is becoming an area dominated by employment in personal
services and government, with a high representation of employment in social services,
hospitals, and health. Spokane has evolved into the medical, retail, and services center for
the entire Inland Northwest. Both wholesale and retail trades are growing in this area. In
addition, technical firms are moving into the area and existing facilities are expanding to
accommodate growth in this market.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-7
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
Spokane County supports other large industries including agriculture, wood products, and
tourism. Currently, approximately 351,457 acres, or 30.9 percent of the county's land,'X is
zoned as agricultural land, consisting of both large-tract and small-tract agricultural land.
Education also forms a significant part of the county's economic base because of the local
universities (Eastern Washington University, Washington State University, Gonzaga
University, Whitworth College) and community colleges.
3.2.2.2 Employment
Top Overall Employers in Spokane County
The top employment sectors in Spokane County include federal government agencies
(Fairchild Air Force Base and other federal government bureaus), health care services (Sacred
Heart Medical Center and Empire Health Services), state and local governments (including
Spokane Public Schools), and wholesale grocery distribution (URM Stores). The number of
workers retained by each of the top ten employers in the county is shown in Exhibit 3-6.
During the recent 5-year period from 1999 to 2004, unemployment as a percent of the labor
force averaged 6.2 percent.
EXHIBIT 3-fi
Top Employers in Spokane County,2004X
6,000 `` I
5,000 �
■Number of Employees
4,000 �
Number of Employees 3,000 �
2,000 �
1,000
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-8
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
Top Manufacturing Employers in Spokane County
Several manufacturing employers are located in Spokane County. Exhibit 3-7 shows the top
manufacturing employers in Spokane County, their associated product or service, and the
number of workers they employ.
3.2.2.3 Wages and Income
Over the past decade, the median household income in Spokane County has risen from an
estimated $31,624 in 1994 to an estimated $40,306 in 2004, an increase of 27.5 percent. This
compares to a state average of$37,947 in 1994 and $50,804 in 2004, representing an increase
of 33.9 percent. As of 2004, Spokane County ranks 20th in the State of Washington for
median household income.X'
EXHIBIT 3-7
Top Ten Manufacturing Companies in Spokane CountyX��
Employer Product of Service Number of
E m ployees
Huntwood Industries Kitchen cabinets 643
CPM Development Corporation Readymix concrete, asphalt, building materials, 600
gravel, prestress and precast concrete products
The Spokesman-Review Daily newspaper 586
Columbia Lighting Fluorescent light fixtures 560
Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Aluminum flat-rolled products 550
Corporation
Meter modules and other communications
Itron, Inc. technology products, as well as peripheral 482
equipment
Honeywell Electronic Materials High-purity metal products and materials for the 471
semiconductor industry
Custom irrigation and brass castings, aluminum
Travis Pattern and Foundry, Inc. ingots, high-voltage disconnect switches, steel, 450
others
Itronix Corporation Rugged, wireless laptops and hand-held computers 396
Triumph Composite Systems, Inc. Composite ducts and floor panels 325
3.2.2.4 Economic Activity Centers and Transportation
The County's primary developed area extends from the City of Spokane metropolitan area to
the east along Interstate 90 to the Washington-Idaho border, across the central part of
Spokane County. The maj or commercial uses in Spokane County are centered in the City of
Spokane and spread outward, mainly along Division Street to the north and Sprague Avenue
to the east. Other commercial activities in the area include large shopping centers in the
Spokane Valley and Liberty Lake, and developing activities west of Spokane on the West
Plains. Industrial uses are primarily found east of the City of Spokane boundaries between
Trent and Sprague Avenues.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-9
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
There are some large industrial developments to the north in the Mead area (closed Kaiser
Aluminum site), west in the West Plains area and east of Division Street. Furthermore,
Fairchild Air Force Base employs thousands of people who travel from the base to other
areas in Spokane County on State Route 2, and contributes to the economic vitality of the
region.
There are several organizations that provide transportation and economic development
planning. The Spokane Regional Transportation Council (SRTC)is the federally designated
Metropolitan Planning Agency for Spokane County. The Spokane Economic Development
Council (EDC), the Spokane Regional Chamber of Commerce and the Spokane Valley
Chamber of Commerce promote and support economic development in the community.
Currently, there is no port district in Spokane County.
Spokane County's existing transportation system is composed of roadways, public
transportation, trucking, air, and rail and bus lines. These modes of transportation
accommodate both the movement of goods and personal travel. A map of the major
transportation network is provided in Exhibit 3-1.
Interstate 90 is the only designated freeway in Spokane County. It provides maj or east-west
transportation through Spokane County and acts as an interregional connector. Highways
also provide interregional connection and access to abutting areas. State Route (SR) 2, west
through Airway Heights, and SR 290 (Trent Road)provide maj or east-west highway
transport. SR 2 north also provides major transport to northern areas of Spokane County and
Mount Spokane. SR 395 serves the northern part of the county (Deer Park), and SR 195
passes through Spangle, south of Spokane. A north-south freeway is under construction that
will eventually tie into I-90 in the south, and SR 2 and SR 395 to the north. SR 27 runs south
from Opportunity and provides the major route to Rockford, Fairfield, and Latah, all in the
southeast quadrant of Spokane.
The county is served by several small-sized airports in addition to larger airports at the
Spokane International Airport, in the west portion of Spokane County, and Felts Field, in the
Spokane Valley. Burlington Northern Railroad serves the county and handles all types of
commodities; rail passenger service is provided by Amtrak Greyhound is the largest bus
service available. Numerous trucking firms provide inter- and intra-state hauling services.
No ship or barge facilities are available because of the county's inland location.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-10
SECTION 3 NATURAL AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
' Unless noted otherwise,information referenced in this section was provided by the System or the 1998 Plan.
" NOW Data-NOAA Online Weather Data, Spokane International Airport,http://www.weather.�ov/climate/
xinacis.php?wfo=o�.
"' Ibid.
'° Spokane Aquifer Joint Board website,http://www.spokaneaquifer.or�/index.htm.
" Ecology's website,http://www.ecy.wa.�ov/pro�ams/wr/ri�hts/water-ri�ht-home.html.
°' Market Fact Book,Journal of Business,2005 and 2006. *Due to rounding,the Percent of Total figures
might not add to 100 percent.
°" Washington State Office of Financial Management.
°"' Washington State Yearbook,2005.
'X County Planning Department,December 20,2005.
X Spokane County Economic Development Council,2004.
X' State of Washington OFM,2005.
X" Spokane County Economic Development Council,2005.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 3-11
SECTION 4
Source Reduction
4.1 Introduction
This section describes existing waste reduction practices, identifies key issues with respect to
waste reduction, and presents alternatives and recommendations that will help meet waste
reduction goals. Unless noted otherwise, information referenced in this section was provided
by the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System (System)for the calendar year 2004, or the
1998 Plan. Furthermore, all data is from 2004, the most recent and complete data available.
All solid waste activities and programs are interrelated. Waste reduction, reuse, and recycling
programs impact issues that need to be considered for solid waste disposaL Many of the
waste reduction programs described in this chapter are integrated with reuse and recycling
programs, which may also be described in Section 5.
Waste reduction is the adoption of practices that �enerate less waste. By decreasing the
amount of waste that must be disposed, waste reduction programs decrease the environmental
problems associated with waste disposal. Reusing a grocery bag, buying materials in bulk,
and reselling unwanted items are typical examples of waste reduction.
Spokane County has established the following objectives for waste reduction:
• Reduce disposal through waste reuse or reduction.
• Reduce the amount and toxicity of waste material that is discarded, either by reusing
materials or avoiding its generation.
• Support the implementation of waste reduction measures on the state and national levels,
and promote such measures on a local level.
A number of laws apply to waste reduction and recycling in Washington State. They can be
found primarily in the Revised Code of Washington (RCW), Sections 35.21, 36.58, 70.93,
70.95, and 81.77.
4.2 Existing Conditions
The majority of publicly provided waste reduction programs are provided by the System,
whose efforts support initiatives countywide. This section provides descriptions of System
programs as well as partnerships with others, documents System waste reduction staffing
levels, and provides information on other waste reduction programs conducted by Spokane
County municipalities and Fairchild Air Force Base.
FINAL DRAFT DECEMBER 15,2008 4-�
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
4.2.1 Regional Waste Reduction Programs
Government and private entities support waste reduction programs and activities throughout
Spokane County.
4.2.1.1 System Programs
The System provides an integrated waste reduction program that focuses on five main areas:
school and youth education; public outreach; coalitions with other entities; business and
institution education; and home composting. The System sponsors waste reduction and
recycling education programs as well as working in coalition with other environmental
entities in Spokane County.
School and Youth Education
Public and Private Schools
Since 1989, the System has sponsored assembly and classroom programs for the school
population. The programs are accompanied by student take-home pieces and teacher
curriculum materials. These System assembly programs have lessened since their inception
because of the difficulty of scheduling these programs in schools. Little time is available in
school curriculums for additional educational programs sponsored outside of the schools.
During 2004, 29 classroom presentations were made to a total of 1,182 students and other
individuals. Attendees ranged from pre-school children to adults, to whom a variety of solid
waste, recycling, waste reduction, and composting topics were introduced.
Youth Publications
Kids enviro page and Recycling RAP are companion publications produced by the System
during the school year. The System's full-page kids enviro page provides information on
waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. Monthly topics have included Glass Recycling,
Compost Critters, America Recycles Day Contest, and RRR for the Holidays. Kids enviro
page is a page in the school newsletter,Kids News, published ten times during the school
year and sent home with approximately 38,000 elementary school children throughout
Spokane County. RecyclingRAP provides supplemental information and is distributed
countywide two to three times a year to 3,000 elementary school teachers to assist educators
with environmental education integration.
Other Youth Activities
In addition to classroom presentations and support of all school programs that promote waste
reduction, reuse, and recycling, presentations are given to Boy and Girl Scouts, Campfire
USA, Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) Youth Corps, child care programs,
church youth groups, homeschool groups, and other youth venues, such as Mobius Children's
Museum. Furthermore, the System's educational tour program at the WTE Facility is
available for interested teachers and groups. The tour program emphasizes waste reduction
and recycling. The System is planning to include related curriculum materials and bus
transportation to the WTE facility tours.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-2
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
4.2.1.2 Public Outreach
Brochures
The System produces numerous brochures, which are distributed through a variety of ineans.
The contents cover general waste reduction, reuse, and recycling activities: mulching
composting curbside recycling, use of System facilities, household hazardous waste, plastics
recycling, and private drop-off recycling opportunities. These brochures are made available
to all municipal and county facilities and offices, as well as mailed to residents on request.
They are also distributed at fairs and at various public facilities, such as public libraries.
Publications
• ABuy RecycledMaterials Directory is being developed, which will be used to encourage
the purchase of recycled products or products made from recycled materials (rather than
encouraging consumers to buy non-recycled products that may be perceived as being
more convenient and less costly). This information, provided to the general public and
businesses, encourages markets for recycled products.
• One Man's Trash is a four-page quarterly newsletter distributed as an insert in local
newspapers (including The Spokesman-Review and The Northwest Inlander) and placed
at regional public venues. Produced quarterly, 80,000 copies are published in January,
April, July, and October 2004. One Man's Trash is published by Eco Partners, Inc., and is
customized for the Spokane community. Half of the paper is specific to Spokane, and the
other half contains universal solid waste information relevant to communities across the
nation. Local articles are prepared and submitted to Eco Partners by System staff.
Classroom sets and a curriculum guide are available to interested teachers.
• The Recycling and Garbage Guide was developed in 2004 for inclusion in the QwestDex
telephone book This supplement is comprised of twelve pages of comprehensive
information on waste reduction, reuse and recycling disposal facilities, and education and
outreach programs. Circulation covers approximately 350,000 homes in the Spokane
area, providing a reliable in-home information resource.
• The House That Recycling Built is a popular publication listing recycled-content building
material that can be purchased in the Spokane area. The tri-fold brochure lists materials
alphabetically from asphalt to wallboard with the location and/or contact information of
the business. Businesses that sell used building materials are also provided. The list is
dynamic and constantly changing as staff updates the list.
Recycling Hotline
The Spokane Regional Recycling Hotline provides information and technical assistance to
residents and businesses about waste reduction and recycling programs and other solid waste
questions.
The Hotline has been in operation since March 6, 1989, and has responded to nearly 179,500
calls from County residents, an average of one call every ten minutes. In 2004,
approximately 13,700 calls were received on a variety of subjects, as shown in Exhibit 4-1.
Calls are received year-round, usually peaking in the spring. The majority of calls concern
Transfer Stations and the WTE Facility.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-3
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
Waste reduction information is provided as appropriate. Many inquiries concern recycling
methods, locations and materials, and hazardous and special wastes, from households and
businesses. Regulatory and technical questions are directed to the appropriate agency. The
Recycling Hotline is another example of the integrated nature of solid waste management
programs.
The calls result in mailings of thousands of brochures annually, containing information on
waste reduction, recycling and other aspects of Spokane's integrated regional solid waste
system. One of the most popular requests is for the"Home Composting" brochure. The
Hotline is promoted regionally, and is advertised in newspapers, the Yellow Pages,
brochures, and print and video new releases.
EXHIBIT 4-1
2004 HOTLINE-NUMBER OF CALLS PER CATEGORY(13,736 TOTAL CALLS)
6,000
5,685
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000 ���� 1,954
1,000 973
580 54g 493 513
302
47 116 49 39 51 112 197 187 98 20
ya \�a �a ce ea �� ,�e �a �e y'� ae Q, e0 ae �0 �a cc� a e�
�a 5'� e a c a5 ��e co Q° a� .�`� o° c� e� c,�� �� �'�
c� Q�a e�yQaQ V �a��e o�� �e�� ��e �o� ���o a�oc r\eG �\eG,�o Ga\�� \�e�� G�`� O
� a�aa a�a5 �e�5'` S� ��e�5� �Qe ece�a �e�ge
� Ga�a�e�ya ��a�5 o�Q �QeGa\�a5
O
Advertising
The System places advertisements to promote waste reduction and recycling programs in The
.Iournal of Business, The Spokesman Review, The Fig Tree, Out There Monthly(and its Uo
Ureen Directory), The Northwest Inlander, and other regional periodicals whenever
opportunities present themselves.
Booths at Fairs
The System sponsors booths at local fairs including the Home and Garden Show and Home
Idea Show. The System in 2002 unveiled a new display, "Putting the Pieces Together," to
demonstrate the integrated structure of solid waste operations and programs in Spokane
County. "Putting the Pieces Together" is updated annually and a companion brochure was
developed. A table-top version of the display has been created for smaller venues.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-4
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
World Wide Web Home Page
The System maintains a home page on the Internet(www.solidwaste.or�). Users can find
general information about waste reduction, recycling, and new programs and services. This
website is updated regularly to provide current information about waste reduction events and
opportunities. The site was significantly revised in 2006.
www.2good2toss.com
2good2toss is a statewide materials exchange website. The goal of the website is to divert
used household items and building materials from disposal. Numerous cities and counties
throughout the State administer individual websites for their specific jurisdiction. The
System administers the Spokane County website. Use of the website is free to promote the
reuse of used but still useful materials that do not have a high enough value to justify placing
in a paid advertisement. Spokane County residents who have registered on the site can post
low value household items or building materials for free, exchange, or sale up to $99.00.
The System subscribes to the service through i-WasteNot Online Resource Recovery Systems
(www.i-wastenot.com), who provided initial site setup and maintains the technical
maintenance requirements. Ecology provides overall facilitation among the participating
administrators. Between the February 2004 inception of Spokane's 2good2toss website and
the end of that year, registration grew to 700 members and diverted approximately 55,722
pounds of material to reuse rather than to disposal. This represented a direct savings to
residents of$2,730 in disposal costs. Comments from the community about this popular
program have been very supportive. By 2006, twenty Washington cities and/or counties had
subscribed to the service.
4.2.1.3 Education and Outreach Programs in Coalition with Other Entities
The System is also involved in many programs with other government and business entities
promoting waste reduction and sustainable lifestyle choices.
Spokane Youth Environmental Conference
The Spokane Youth Environmental Conference is attended by middle and high school
students selected to share their environmental science research projects through either oral
presentations or a poster session (http://www.svec.or�). The System works in partnership
with other local agencies such as Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority
(SCAPCA), Spokane County Water Quality Program, Ecology, Spokane County
Conservation District, Educational Services District#101, Spokane County Environmental
Health, and Avista Utilities by providing staff time and printing services. Regional educators
are encouraged to incorporate environmental education into their curriculums by involving
their students in this competitive event. Business sponsors are solicited to donate cash
rewards for student presentations and school science departments.
The Green Zone
The Green Zone, established in 1996, is a public learning center that demonstrates positive
options for creating more sustainable lifestyle choices in businesses, at home, and at play.
The Green Zone is located in Spokane at 222 N. Havana, between the Spokane County
Conservation District and WSU Spokane County Extension. Others involved include:
Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority, Spokane County Water Quality Program,
Spokane Neighborhood Action Program, Washington Fish and Wildlife. System
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-5
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
involvement has included purchase and installation of display materials such as recycled-
material benches and signage, staff time, and print materials. The Master Composter home
demonstration site is also located at the Green Zone and is used during events such as fall
mini-workshops that offer Master Composter presentations.
Both public participation grants from Ecology and donations from many businesses and
agencies have funded the Green Zone. More information about the Green Zone is available
at www.the�reenzone.org.
4.2.1.4 Business and Institutional Education
Waste Reduction Assessment Program
The Waste Reduction Assessment Program (WRAP) offers waste stream assessments to
businesses and institutions interested in reducing their disposal costs and increasing their
recycling efforts. Because almost 30 percent of the total tipping weight in Spokane County is
from commercial accounts, this is a key activity in reducing the amount of waste generated.
The success of the program can be credited to those individuals and businesses that have
followed WRAP recommendations for implementing or improving their waste reduction and
recycling programs.
Pacific Materials Exchange (PME), under contract to the System, provides business waste
assessments upon request to any businesses in Spokane County. The assessments identify
waste reduction, reuse, and recycling opportunities that can result in significant savings in
disposal costs. There is no charge for this service, which includes an on-site consultation,
informative literature, and a waste stream analysis. Once the information is gathered, a
detailed report and waste reduction plan are provided to the business. All information is
confidential. Adoption of the recommendations is voluntary on the part of the
business/institution.
The assessment program actively solicits clients by contacting all new business license
applicants. A brochure is sent to them outlining the services of WRAP, along with contact
information on other services provided by the System and private recycling services.
Additional contacts are identified through the Recycling Hotline, newspaper articles, utility
bills, responses to introduction letters sent to the various businesses published in the annual
Book of Lists (produced by the Journal of Business), and by word of mouth.
Three different levels of assessment services are provided:
• Level I assessments consist of providing a general information packet. As a means to
increase participation, the assessments are offered to City of Spokane Building
Department pre-development conference attendees.
• Level II assessments involve an onsite inspection of business operations, evaluation of
data, and a report. The report outlines collected information, estimates potential savings,
and identifies available recyclers and markets.
• Level III assessments are similar to Level II assessments with the addition of an in depth
onsite waste analysis of the businesses' disposed and recycled materials.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-6
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
The Work Site RecyclingManual is also distributed and provides a step-by-step guide for
establishing waste reduction and recycling practices in the workplace.
In 2004, WRAP sent information on the program's services to over 1,426 companies (an 11
percent increase over 2003), and performed 91 assessments. The weight of materials diverted
from disposal as a result of WRAP services in 2004 was conservatively estimated at 12,777
tons. Exhibit 4-2 shows the number of assessments performed by business category.
EXHIBIT 4-2
Waste Assessments Performed by Business Category
(January 1993-December 2004)
Agriculture 3
Arts/Crafts/Theater 4
Auto Repair 8
Construction 19
Food Processor 4
Hotel 40
Manufacture 35
Medical/Dental 56
Office 489
Pai nt/Coati ngs 2
Photo Finishing 3
Printing/Graphics 15
Restaurants-Fast Food 45
Restaurants-Sit Down 84
Retail/Wholesale 99
School 45
Government 30
Total 981
Source: Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, 2005
WRAP has strengthened the bottom line of businesses and institutions in Spokane County
since 1993 by providing technical waste reduction assistance and developing common sense
waste reduction programs.
Assessment demonstrations were presented and/or performed at special events, including the
following in 2004 (Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, 2004 Annual Report):
• Gonzaga University, as part of Earth Day celebrations.
• SHII', a division of Spokane Neighborhood Action Program (SNAP), presentation to
thirty-two (32)building maintenance and personnel managers.
• Energy Festival in Walla Walla, Washington (two talks on sustainability plus the Business
Waste Assessment Program).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-7
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
4.2.1.5 Business Waste Reduction Coalitions with Other Entities
System and WRAP staff work collaboratively with area organizations to further business
waste reduction education and practices.
U.S. Green Building Council
The Spokane branch of the National Green Building Council's Cascadia chapter was formed
in 2005. The chapter was formed by reorganizing The Resource Efficient Building and
Remodeling Council (REBAR), a coalition of agencies and private businesses (architects,
designers, builders, haulers, and recyclers) dedicated to furthering resource-efficient building
practices in the construction industry.
The Cascadia chapter promotes the design, construction and operation of buildings that are
environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy places to live and work in Oregon,
Washington and British Columbia. Incorporated as a 501(c)(3) charitable organization in
December 1999, Cascadia is one of two original chapters of the U.S. Green Building Council
(https://www.us b� c.or�/).
Northwest EcoBuilding Guild - Inland Chapter
The Northwest EcoBuilding Guild (http://www.ecobuildin�.or�)is an association of builders,
designers, homeowners, tradespeople, manufacturers, suppliers, and others interested in
ecologically sustainable building. This 136-member organization promotes sustainable
building ideas, techniques, and theories. Presentations and tours are sponsored by the group
throughout the year.
4.2.1.6 Home Composting
Master Composter Program
The Spokane Master Composter Program began in 1988. Since then, approximately 204
Spokane County residents have received Master Composter training. In return for their
training Master Composters agree to donate at least 40 hours of their time to help others
begin composting. These volunteers staff displays and hands-on activities at events such as
Compost Fairs, Chipping Days, and various home and garden shows. They also give
presentations to service groups, students, and garden clubs.
Training
Master Composter training sessions are held annually in April. Eleven new Master
Composters were trained in 2004, and the current mailing list contains 95 names. Many
Master Composters remain active long after they have fulfilled their 40-hour obligation.
About 40 Master Composters regularly participate in community composting activities,
accounting for about 513 volunteer hours in 2004.
Compost Fairs
Two maj or Compost Fairs are held each year at the John A. Finch Arboretum, during the
Arbor Day festivities and the Fall Leaf Festival. These events are set up with hands-on
stations. As participants move through the stations, Master Composters demonstrate how to
combine compostable materials, turn a compost pile, compost kitchen vegetable waste with
red worms, and build or buy various types of bins. Participants also view"Spoils to Soils,"
an informative video on home composting. In 2004, these Compost Fairs attracted 800
attendees and 400 bins were distributed (one per household).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-8
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
Master Composters also participate in collaborative events with other entities. The Chipping
Day event is a great way to publicize combined messages on exploring non-burning options
of handling the natural vegetation generated by homeowners in rural areas of the County.
When a grinder is available, participants can bring in woody debris to be ground then taken
back home for mulch. Activities include burn barrel turn-ins and fire safety instruction.
Home compost bins are also distributed. Chipping Days are held in collaboration with
Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority (SCAPCA) and the Department of Natural
Resources (DNR). Usually, two events are held each year, one in the northern portion of the
county, and one in the southern portion of the county.
Other Activities
In continuing education, the Master Composter program includes presentations with updated
information on clopyralid, compost tea applications, and vermiculture (information on worm
composting and its importance in waste reduction). Furthermore, the Master Composter
"Leaf Letter" is published to provide regular activity updates and volunteer scheduling for
Master Composters.
Grasscycling
The System provides grasscycling information to the public through brochures and a video as
part of the program for reducing organic waste disposal within the County. Grasscycling
consists of lawn care techniques that reduce the amount of lawn clippings to be disposed. By
using a mulching mower or mowing more frequently with a conventional mower, lawn
clipping can be left on the lawn rather than having to be bagged and thrown away.
4.2.2 System Staffing Levels
Successful delivery of local government waste reduction programs requires devoting an
appropriate amount of resources, including staffing. The System has demonstrated its
commitment to waste reduction by assigning the following staff to System waste reduction
and recycling programs:
• The recycling coordinator has overall responsibility for waste reduction/recycling
activities and programs. This position administers planning development,
implementation, and management of regional waste reduction and recycling programs,
including bid specifications and proposals, grant proposals and administration, and
community liaison and education.
• The solid waste education coordinator oversees the public education waste reduction and
recycling programs providing education to youth, the public, and businesses, distributing
brochures, making classroom presentations, supervising the WTE tour program,
managing development of assembly programs, and publishing the "Recycling RAP" and
"kids enviro page."
• The public information coordinator maintains dialogues with regional media resources
and creates and prepares materials for public information outreach including press
releases, print and electronic ads, public presentations, and webmaster of the System's
new www.solidwaste.or�website.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-9
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
• The hotline operator responds to solid waste questions by phone, email and regular mail
from residents and businesses throughout the region.
• Waste to Energy tour guides provide guided tours to school groups and the public at the
Waste to Energy facility.
In total, the System has four full-time and two part-time staff assigned to waste reduction and
recycling program development and implementation. The System contracts with private
providers to fulfill specific program responsibilities such as the WRAP program.
4.2.3 Other Waste Reduction Programs
The Spokane Regional Solid Waste System is a regionally focused department. All cities and
the unincorporated county areas use System-produced information, brochures, literature and
other advertising and promotional materials for waste reduction and recycling programs. The
location of the System facilities and the implementation of System programs are designed to
serve the needs of the entire county (for example, the WRAP contractor provides waste
assessments in all cities and the unincorporated county areas). The System also helps to
develop customized waste reduction and recycling information and programs. Fairchild Air
Force Base and some cities in the county have also developed individualized local programs
that are devoted to promoting waste reduction. All of the programs integrate waste reduction
with reuse and recycling information and activities, and are further described in Section 5,
Recycling.
Rate Incentives
One of the most important ways to promote waste reduction is to have a garbage rate
structure that rewards the customer for reducing the amount of garbage produced. Most
collection services in Spokane County include some form of rate incentive. Depending on
the collection service, residents save $3 to $10 per month if they change their service from
two cans/carts per week to one can/cart per week Most residents also have the opportunity
to sign up for a 20-gallon mini-cart service, which is $2 to $3 per month less than for the
larger cart. For example, 2004 rates for cart service within the City of Spokane were as
follows: 20 gallons = $11.19; 32 gallons = $14.46; 68 gallons = $22.32; and 95 gallons =
$30.18. Commercial customers can reduce their garbage bills by requesting service less
frequently or by switching to a smaller sized container. (More information on solid waste
collection rates can be found in Section 6, Collection.)
4.2.3.1 Municipal Programs
Most cities in the County rely on educational materials provided by the System, and some
supplement those materials with other initiatives and educational programs.
City of Airway Heights
Airway Heights promotes the use of composting and recycling facilities, but it does not
operate its own facilities. Instead, residents utilize System facilities and programs.
City of Cheney
The City of Cheney operates the Cheney Recycling Facility for its residents. The facility is
staffed by one full time Recycling/Solid Waste Operator. The Cheney Recycling Facility
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-10
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
distributes waste reduction information produced by the System, as well as other information
specific to its operation.
City of Deer Park
The City of Deer Park has a display rack at City Hall, offering brochures provided by the
System on waste reduction and recycling.
City of Liberty Lake
The City of Liberty Lake City Hall distributes System waste reduction and recycling
brochures.
City of Medical Lake
The City of Medical Lake operates a drop-off recycling and yard waste facility for its
residents. Neither facility is manned with City staff, however, they are located near the City
maintenance shop so a city employee is available to answer questions or provide some
assistance. The staff distributes System brochures, including those on waste reduction. They
have a brochure holder in the lobby area of City Hall with solid waste management brochures
available to the public. Medical Lake plans to purchase a weather-resistant brochure holder
to distribute information when the facility is unstaffed.
On occasion, Medical Lake distributes waste reduction and recycling information, such as
tips or issues/concerns, with its utility bills. Also, Medical Lake posts a number of signs
around the recycling facility and the composting facility with regulations and guidelines.
City of Spokane
The City of Spokane distributes System waste reduction information at Spokane City Hall,
Spokane public libraries, neighborhood centers, and other Spokane municipal facilities.
Waste reduction information is also printed on utility bills.
City of Spokane Valley
The City of Spokane Valley City Hall distributes brochures provided by the System on waste
reduction and recycling.
4.2.3.2 Fairchild Air Force Base
At Fairchild Air Force Base, source reduction is featured in a number of educational
materials targeted to base personnel. Periodic newspaper articles in the base paper discuss
various waste reduction and recycling issues. The base has established a pallet reuse program
that continues to reduce the number of pallets which otherwise would have been disposed as
solid waste. In addition, the base operates a moving box program that promotes the reuse of
moving boxes for this very transient community.
The base Recycle Center operates a household hazardous material exchange shelf during
normal business hours. This recycle-through-reuse program is designed to reuse household
hazardous products. Residential customers can bring in usable materials (for example,
paints, household cleaners, car care products, woodcraft stains and oils, and automotive
fluids), which are kept on the exchange shelf at the Center. In turn, individuals in need of
such products can pick up these items. This program reduces the improper disposal of
household hazardous materials.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-11
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
4.3 Key Issues
Waste reduction reduces the need for collection, processing, marketing, or disposal of waste
by local governments. It is the State's top priority in the hierarchy for managing solid waste
and is therefore an important element in this solid waste management plan. Several key
issues surround waste reduction.
4.3.1 Product Stewardship
Economic prosperity has increased per capita spending on consumer products over the past
several years and increased the need for local governments to provide expanded recycling and
disposal programs.
Product stewardship is a concept designed to alleviate the burden of end-of-life product
management on local governments. Product stewardship is a product-centered approach that
emphasizes a shared responsibility by all affected parties for reducing the environmental
impacts of products during their manufacture, use, reuse, recycling and eventual disposal.
• Manufacturers: Reduce use of toxic substances; design for durability, reuse, and
recyclability; and take increasing responsibility for the end-of-life management of
products they produce.
• Retailers: Use product providers who offer greater environmental performance; educate
consumers on environmentally preferable products; and to enable consumers to return
products for recycling.
• Consumers: Make responsible buying choices that consider environmental impacts;
purchase and use products efficiently; and recycle the products they no longer need.
• Government: Launch cooperative efforts with industry; use market leverage through
purchasing programs for development of products with stronger environmental attributes;
and develop product stewardship legislation for selected products.
There is no single strategy for implementing product stewardship practices. Each product
uses different resources, has different environmental impacts, and has different distribution
and collection needs. The principles of product stewardship have been widely accepted by
product stewardship proponents throughout the United States.' The principles are included
here, with some editing to reflect Spokane County interests and circumstances.
• Responsibility: The responsibility for reducing product impacts should be shared among
industry (designers, manufacturers, and retailers of products or product components),
government, and consumers. The greater the ability an entity has to minimize a product's
life-cycle impacts, the greater is its degree of responsibility, and opportunity, for
addressing those impacts.
• Internalize Costs: All product lifecycle costs—from using resources, to reducing health
and environmental impacts throughout the production process, to managing products at
the end-of-life—should be included in the total product cost. The environmental costs of
product manufacture, use, and disposal should be minimized, to the greatest extent
possible, for local and state governments, and ultimately shifted to the manufacturers and
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-12
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
consumers of products. Manufacturers should thus have a direct financial incentive to
redesign their products to reduce these costs.
• Incentives for Cleaner Products and Sustainable Management Practices: Policies that
promote and implement product stewardship principles should create incentives for the
manufacturer to design and produce "cleaner" products—ones made using less energy,
materials, and toxics, and which result in less waste (through reduction, reuse, recycling
and composting) and use less energy to operate. These policies create incentives for the
development of a sustainable and environmentally sound system that collects, reuses, and
recycles products at the end of their lives.
• Flexible Management Strategies: Those that are responsible for reducing the health and
environmental impacts of products should have flexibility in determining how to most
effectively address those impacts. The performance of responsible parties should be
measured by the achievement of goal-oriented results.
• Roles and Relationships: Industry should provide leadership in accomplishing these
principles by implementing programs and developing markets. Government should
provide leadership in promoting the practices of product stewardship through
procurement, technical assistance, program evaluation, education, and agency
coordination. Government should also address regulatory barriers and, where necessary,
provide regulatory incentives and disincentives. Consumers should take full advantage of
information provided by industry and government to make responsible environmental
purchasing, reuse, recycling and disposal decisions. If markets are not available,
program implementation options should be considered by all parties involved.
4.3.2 Procurement
Local, state, and federal government, and businesses can and do use their tremendous
purchasing power to influence the products that manufacturers bring to the marketplace. In
the last decade or so, most efforts have focused on encouraging procurement of products
made from recycled content. The goal of these procurement programs is to create viable,
long-term markets for recovered materials. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
developed a list of designated products and associated recycled-content recommendations for
federal agencies to use when making purchases. These are known as Comprehensive
Procurement Guidelines.
More recently, efforts have expanded beyond buy-recycled programs and policies to
"Environmentally Preferable Purchasing" (EPP). Environmentally preferable products
typically are defined as products that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the
environment when compared with competing products that serve the same purpose. They
include products that have recycled content, reduce waste, use less energy, are less toxic, and
are more durable. Federal agencies are now encouraged to consider a broad range of
environmental factors in purchasing decisions.
4.3.3 Internal Waste Reduction Policies
In addition to educating consumers and businesses, it is important for local governments and
businesses to "practice what they preach." Employees who are encouraged to learn more
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-13
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
about waste reduction practices can work toward implementing and promoting those
practices in the workplace and at home.
4.3.4 Education Programs
Waste reduction education, for both residents and business, continues to be an important
element in solid waste planning. Messages stress increasing product life, choosing reusable
and durable products, selecting products with less packaging, decreasing product
consumption, more efficient use of resources, finding reuse opportunities, using alternative
products that create less waste, and reducing product toxicity.
4.3.5 Business WastelMaterials Exchanges
Disposing of waste has become more expensive for businesses. A business can often prevent
waste from being generated through product or process changes. However, waste that cannot
be eliminated may have a use in another process or another facility.
Waste exchanges, both public and private, can offer opportunities for businesses to handle
waste that cannot be eliminated or reused within the company. Materials exchanges are
available for residents to use as well.
Materials and waste exchanges are not new. The concept began in Europe and spread to
North America in the late 1970s. Pacific Materials Exchange began operating as a waste
exchange in Spokane County in 1989 and has since diversified into other waste reduction
activities, primarily waste assessments through the WRAP program. The System currently
administers an online household materials exchange at www.2�ood2toss.org. A waste
exchange acts as a liaison between waste generators and potential users of that waste. Some
exchanges are operated by states or local governments; others are wholly private, for-profit
businesses. Exchanges vary in terms of area of service and the types of commodities
exchanged. In general, waste exchanges tend to handle hazardous materials and industrial
process waste while materials exchanges handle nonhazardous items.
Increasingly, waste exchanges are making use of the internet to create online databases and
eliminate printed catalogs. Private exchanges frequently share information with one another,
such as subscriber lists, materials wanted or available, and other data.
4.4 Waste Reduction Alternatives
Product Stewardship
1. Develop partnerships with private sector organizations to provide reuse and recycling
options for select products.
2. Use purchasing power to encourage product stewardship.
3. Support product stewardship efforts.
Procurement
4. Use purchasing power to influence markets for recovered materials.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-14
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
5. Incorporate environmental performance into purchasing decisions.
Internal Waste Reduction Practices
6. Implement in-house waste reduction programs and practices.
Waste Reduction Education
7. Continue waste reduction education programs.
8. Provide financial assistance for private waste reduction efforts.
9. Provide recognition for waste reduction successes.
WastelMaterials Exchanges
10. Continue administration of waste/materials exchange.
11. Promote private waste exchanges.
4.4.1 Product Stewardship
There are several reasons product stewardship should be promoted:
• Reduced product toxicity.
• Increased resource conservation.
• Reduced cost for waste management programs.
1. Develop partnerships with private sector organizations to provide reuse and recycling
options for select products.
Often, recycling programs are developed and funded by local governments. Using the
principles of product stewardship, local governments could develop partnerships to
encourage retailers or other private sector organizations to accept responsibility for collecting
and recycling certain products. The Take It Back Network is an example of a program
involving a partnership between local retailers, recyclers, and government to accept specific
products for recycling, such as electronics. The program is being successfully implemented in
other parts of the State and could be developed in Spokane County.
A recent pilot study with the retail chain Staples was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of
reversing the existing distribution system for electronics." For the project, used computers
were collected at Staples' retail stores, backhauled by Staples' carriers and consolidated at its
distribution and fulfillment centers, then transported by Staples' trucks to an electronics
recycler. The study concluded that the program was logistically feasible, was well received,
and many costs could be offset by charging a fee to users.
2. Use purchasing power to encourage product stewardship.
The principles of product stewardship, discussed earlier, advocate that a role of government
is to provide leadership in promoting the practices of product stewardship through
procurement. Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP)is a practice that can be used to
fulfill this role. EPP involves purchasing products or services that have reduced negative
effects on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-15
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
services that serve the same purpose. Local governments could develop purchasing policies
that encourage environmentally sound products and restrict contracts to these products. This
strategy represents a way local governments can share responsibility for the environmental
impact of products.
EPP criteria can be developed for a wide range of products, from cleaning products to office
paper. For example, EPP criteria could be developed for computers and electronics (such as
CPUs, monitors, keyboards, printers, fax machines, and copiers), which could include:
• Compliance with federal Energy Star guidelines.
• Reduced toxic constituents in product.
• Reduced toxic materials used in manufacturing process.
• Recycled content plastic housing.
• Pre-installed software and on-line manuals.
• Designed for recycling/reuse.
• Upgradeable/long life.
• Reduced packaging.
• Manufacturer provides product take-back service.
• Manufacturer demonstrates corporate environmental responsibility.
Implementing an EPP program for computers can also result in the purchase of computers
with lower operating costs, extended useful lives and reduced disposal costs for local
government.
3. Support product stewardship efforts.
Resolutions by local governments requiring industry to take more responsibility for products
and packaging will likely have little effect. Government resources can be more effectively
used by supporting efforts currently underway across the United States to promote the
principles of product stewardship. For example, local governments could partner with the
Product Stewardship Institute (PS�, a national non-profit membership-based organization
located in Boston, Massachusetts. PSI is leading product stewardship efforts by working
with state and local government agencies to partner with manufacturers, retailers,
environmental groups, federal agencies, and other key stakeholders to reduce the health and
environmental impacts of consumer products. PSI takes a product stewardship approach to
solving waste management problems by encouraging product design changes and mediating
stakeholder dialogues.
PSI currently is involved in the numerous priority product categories: carpet, electronics, gas
cylinders, mercury products, paint, pesticides, radioactive devices, tires, and pharmaceuticals.
4.4.2 Procurement
4. Use purchasing power to influence markets for recovered materials.
The federal government has undertaken various initiatives to include the environment in its
purchasing decisions. EPA's Comprehensive Procurement Guideline program provides
guidance to help federal employees purchase products that use materials recovered through
recycling."'
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SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
EPA has already designated or is proposing to designate the products listed in Exhibit 4-3,
and has developed recycled-content recommendations. Local Spokane County governments
could draw upon the extensive work completed by EPA and include these guidelines in
purchasing policies.
ExHisir 4-3
Federal Procurement Guidelines
Construction Products
Designated Proposed
Building insulation products Nylon carpet and nylon carpet
Carpet(polyester) backing
Carpet cushion
Cement and concrete containing:
-Coal fly ash
-Ground granulated blast furnace slag
-Cenospheres
-Silica fume
Consolidated and reprocessed latex paint
Floor tiles
Flowable fill
Laminated paperboard
Modular threshold ramps
Nonpressure pipe
Patio blocks
Railroad grade crossing surfaces
Roofing materials
Shower and restroom dividers/partitions
Structural fiberboard
Landscapinq Products
Designated Proposed
Compost made from yard trimmings or food waste
Garden and soaker hoses
Hydraulic mulch
Lawn and garden edging
Plastic lumber landscaping timbers and posts
Compost made from manure or biosolids(Revision)
Fertilizers made from recovered organic materials
NonpaaerOffice Products
Designated Proposed
Binders, clipboards, file folders, clip portfolios, and presentation folders None at this time.
Office furniture
Office recycling containers
Office waste receptacles
Plastic desktop accessories
Plastic envelopes
Plastic trash bags
Printer ribbons
Toner cartridges
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-17
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
ExHisir 4-3
Federal Procurement Guidelines
Paper and Paper Products
Designated Proposed
Commercial/industrial sanitary tissue products None at this time.
Miscellaneous papers
Newspri nt
Paperboard and packaging products
Printing and writing papers
Park and Recreation Products
Designated Proposed
Park benches and picnic tables None at this time.
Plastic fencing
Playground equipment
Playground surfaces
Running tracks
Transportation Products
Designated Proposed
Channelizers None at this time.
Delineators
Flexible delineators
Parking stops
Traffic barricades
Traffic cones
Vehicular Products
Designated Proposed
Engine coolants None at this time.
Rebuilt vehicular parts
Re-refined lubricating oils
Retread tires
Miscellaneous Products
Designated Proposed
Awards and plaques None at this time.
Bike racks
Blasting grit
Industrial drums
Manual-grade strapping
Mats
Pallets
Signage
Sorbents
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-18
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
5. Incorporate environmental performance into purchasing decisions.
The federal government has been directed by Executive Order 13101 to identify and give
preference to the purchase of products and services that pose fewer environmental burdens.
As discussed earlier, EPP involves purchasing products or services that have reduced
negative effects on human health and the environment when compared with competing
products or services that serve the same purpose.
Some of the benefits of EPP include:
• Improved ability to meet existing environmental goals.
• Improved worker safety and health.
• Reduced liabilities.
• Reduced health and disposal costs.
Local governments could follow this lead and incorporate this philosophy in purchasing
decisions. There are five guiding principles adopted by the federal government:'°
• Environment+Price+Performance =EPP: Include environmental considerations as part
of the normal purchasing process.
• Pollution Prevention: Emphasize pollution prevention early in the purchasing process.
• Life Cycle Perspective/Multiple Attributes: Examine multiple environmental attributes
throughout a product's or service's life cycle.
• Comparison of Environmental Impacts: Compare relevant environmental impacts when
selecting products or services.
• Environmental Performance Information: Collect accurate and meaningful information
about environmental performance and use it to make purchasing decisions.
4.4.3 Internal Waste Reduction Policies
6. Implement in-house waste reduction programs and practices.
Waste reduction practices should be implemented in local government policies and
procedures whenever practicable and cost-effective.
• Electronic communication instead of printed, double-sided photocopying and printing.
• Allowing residents to submit electronic rather than paper forms and applications.
• Washable and reusable dishes and utensils.
• Rechargeable batteries.
• Streamlining and computerizing forms.
• "On-demand" printing of documents and reports as they are needed.
• Leasing long-life products when service agreements support maintenance and repair
rather than new purchases, such as carpets.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-19
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
• Sharing equipment and occasional use items.
• Choosing durable products rather than disposable.
• Reducing product weight or thickness when effectiveness is not jeopardized in products
such as, but not limited to, paper and plastic liner bags.
• Buying in bulk, when storage and operations exist to support it.
• Reusing products such as, but not limited to, file folders, storage boxes, office supplies,
and furnishings.
• Mulching pruned material from landscapes and using on site.
Adopted policies should be reinforced through employee incentives for outstanding
performance.
4.4.4 Education Programs
7. Continue waste reduction education programs.
The System and many other entities in Spokane County have several education programs
aimed at youth, the general public, local businesses, and home composters. The System
should continue to monitor the attendance, interest, and feedback in these existing programs
and make adjustments to educational programs, as necessary.
8. Provide financial assistance for private waste reduction efforts.
The System could offer program development and grant access assistance to qualifying
businesses or organizations for programs that help promote waste prevention and recycling.
For example, the following funding options are provided by Alameda County, California:°
• StopWaste Mini-Grants provide up to $5,000 to get started.
• Business Waste Prevention Fund offers competitive monetary awards for waste
prevention proposals from $10,000 to $100,000.
• StopWaste Partnership Incentive Payments provides $50 per ton of new waste diverted up
to 200 tons for a total up to $10,000 for each business.
• Revolving Loan Fund offers low interest loans up to $250,000 to businesses that use
recycled materials in processing or creating new products and are diverting waste from
Alameda County landfills.
9. Continue support for recognition for waste reduction successes.
Local governments could provide recognition to groups or businesses that successfully
prevent waste. Many communities publicly recognize and reward local businesses and
organizations for their environmental achievements. Ecology awards businesses and
individuals throughout the State with the Governor's Awards for Pollution Prevention and
Sustainable Practices (http://www.ecv.wa.�ov/sustainabilitv/GovAward/�ov_awards.htm).
The Governor's Award pays tribute to sustainable businesses for their work and for providing
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-20
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
examples of programs that reduce waste. Local governments could collaborate by hosting
special events, publishing case studies, and helping businesses and organizations attract
positive press regarding their waste reduction practices.
4.4.5 Waste Exchanges
10. Continue administering 2good2toss.
The System currently administers www.2�ood2toss.com, an online materials exchange that
primarily targets residential household goods for reuse. 2good2toss operates much like
"classified ads." Residents post their surplus/unwanted materials or materials they want to
find by completing the electronic 2good2toss listing form.
Once the form has been completed and submitted, the listing is submitted to the site
administrator. Submissions are reviewed and posted on the 2good2toss website, which is
updated hourly on weekdays; daily on weekends. Users browse the listings and contact the
listing user directly through contact information that the listing user provides.
The System has been in discussion with i-WasteNot Online Resource Recovery Systems to
add an online waste industrial exchange to 2good2toss' listings.
11. Promote private waste exchanges.
Several private waste exchanges operate around the country. They operate in a manner
similar to King County's IMEX site (Industrial Materials Exchange, http://www.�ovlinkor�/
hazwaste/business/imex/)for business industrial waste, matching up waste generators with
waste users. Some exchanges require membership and charge membership fees. Many
private exchanges are part of Waste.net, a national system of waste and materials exchanges.
Waste.net is owned and operated by Recycle.net Corporation.
Local governments could provide Spokane businesses with additional information on waste
exchanges on their websites.
4.5 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. Evaluations and comparisons of the source reduction alternatives
discussed above leads this Plan to recommend implementing a progressive but monitored
approach to source reduction activities. This approach will provide for continued progress
toward meeting Washington State's sixty percent diversion goal while maintaining a balance
of costs and diversion benefits to Spokane County residents and businesses. Some of the
alternatives have been modified to allow for the assessment or monitoring of an issue.
Some of the alternatives have been modified to allow for further assessment or monitoring of
an issue before implementation. This was because the issue was not fully supportable by
SWAC members without additional information to warrant implementation without further
study. An estimated timeframe for implementation of each recommendation is listed in
Section 14, Implementation. Those alternatives that did not move forward as a
recommendation were generally unsupported by SWAC and the public input process.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-21
SECTION 4 SOURCE REDUCTION
The Plan endorses product stewardship as a means of promoting greater reuse of products
and materials that have residual value as an alternative to their disposal as municipal solid
waste. Finding alternative uses for waste products can reduce the volume and cost of their
disposal and contribute to the cost effectiveness of their consumption as a resource. The
complete use of toxic and hazardous substances for their intended purpose can reduce the
cost and impact of disposing of them as components of the waste stream. The Plan strongly
supports the development of public and/or private partnerships in programs that market the
reuse and recycling of select products. Examples include the reuse of grocery bags, reselling
or exchange of household items, and greater utilization of used building materials in the
construction of public infrastructure and the private housing market.
Product Stewardship
1. Develop partnerships with private sector organizations to provide reuse and recycling
options for select products.
3. Support product stewardship efforts.
Procurement
4. Assess using purchasing power to influence markets for recovered materials. Provide
assessment to jurisdictions for their use in implementing their procurement policies.
Internal Waste Reduction Practices
6. Implement in-house waste reduction programs and practices.
Waste Reduction Education
7. Continue waste reduction education programs.
9. Assess providing recognition for waste reduction successes. Supply assessment to
jurisdictions for their use in implementing within their policies. Implement program if
assessment is supportable and funds become available.
Waste Material Exchanges
10. Continue administration of waste/materials exchange.
11. Encourage private waste exchanges.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 4-22
SECTION 5
Recyc I i n g
5.1 Introduction
Recycling is the transformation or remanufacturing of waste materials into usable or
marketable materials for use other than landfill disposal or incineration, as defined in the
Washington Administrative Code (WAC, Chapter 173-350-100). This practice reduces the
volume of waste materials that are thrown away, provides a means for resources to be reused,
preserves natural resources, and discourages waste. Recycling also contributes to
sustainability, defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their needs.
The evaluation of recycling within Spokane County reviewed existing recycling programs
and practices, identified key recycling issues for both residential and commercial programs,
and determined alternatives and recommendations to help meet recycling goals. Describing
existing conditions of current recycling includes a review of recycling facilities that are used
for recycling collection and/or processing, and discussions on operations and programs
implemented by various jurisdictions or private companies. Many of the recycling programs
described in this chapter are integrated with waste reduction and reuse programs and are
described in Section 4.
5.1.1 Recycling Objectives and GoalslRecycling Rates
Spokane County has established the following objectives for recycling:
• Recycle materials before processing in the WTE Facility or before disposal in a landfill.
• Ensure access to recycling collection services for residences, businesses, and industry.
• Locate recycling sites to optimize service levels and transportation efficiencies.
• Promote local recycling businesses to support economic development within the County.
• Encourage competition to reduce costs of collection and processing.
These objectives support the Washington State recycling goal of achieving a 50 percent
municipal solid waste (MSW)recycling rate. The System's MSW recycling rate increased
slightly from 43 percent in 1998 to 44 percent in 2004 (Spokane Regional Solid Waste
System, 200�.
The State's recycling rate is based on municipal solid waste as defined by the Environmental
Protection Agency and includes durable goods, nondurable goods, containers and packaging
food wastes, and yard trimmings. It does not include industrial waste, inert debris, asbestos,
biosolids, petroleum contaminated soils or construction, demolition, and landclearing debris
disposed of at municipal solid waste landfills.'
Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology)in 2003 also began to calculate a
diversion rate by measuring non-MSW recyclables that are diverted from landfilling such as
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-1
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
asphalt, concrete, construction, demolition, and landclearing debris, tires, and oil and wood
used for fuel, as well as donated foods and reused household items and construction material.
Spokane's non-MSW recycling rate in 2004 was 40 percent. The tonnages for these
materials are calculated with recycled MSW tonnages for a total diversion rate." Spokane
County's total diversion rate for 2004 was 42 percent.
Statewide average recycling in 2004 was 42 percent, and total diversion was 48 percent
(Ecology 2006).
A number of laws apply to waste reduction and recycling in Washington State. The most
pertinent are (RCW 35.21, 36.58, 70.93, 70.95, 81.77).
5.2 Existing Conditions - Recycling
Spokane County citizens have the opportunity to recycle a wide variety of materials through
curbside recycling programs (where offered) or public or private drop-off facilities.
Residents can contact the System's Recycling Hotline to learn of their nearest recycling drop
off facility or curbside collection provider. The following list includes recyclable materials in
Spokane County. These materials are also shown as the Designated Recyclables Materials in
Appendix G(see 5.5.1 Designation of Recyclable Materials). Asterisks (*)indicate materials
that are included in residential curbside recycling programs.
• Antifreeze.
• Asphalt/concrete
• Batteries (household, automotive, cell phone, small hand tools and electronics)*
• Carpet pad
• Construction or demolition debris
• Wood
• Donated Food
• Electronics:
— Computers
— Cell phones*
— Toner/printer cartridges
— Televisions
— Copiers
— Fax machines
— Power cables/connectors
• Film - X-ray
• Glass bottles and jars (green, brown, and clear)*
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-2
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
• Gypsum
• Land clearing debris
• Metals:
— Steel cans*
— Aluminum cans* and foil
— White goods/large appliances
— Automobile bodies
— Ferrous metals (iron and steel)
— Nonferrous metals (aluminum, copper, brass, lead, nickel alloys, gold, silver,
titanium, tungsten, and inconnel)
• Motor oil and oil filters
• Paint
• Pallets
• Paper:
— Newspaper*
— Magazines and telephone books*
— Paper(computer, office)
— Corrugated cardboard*
— Chip board
— Brown paper bags*
— Mixed Paper
• Plastic:
— Number L (PETE)Polyethylene terephthalate*
— Number 2: (HDPE)High-density polyethylene, non-pigmented*
— Number 2: (HDPE)High-density polyethylene, with colored pigment
— Number 3: (PVC)V'inyl, siding, window trim, and other vinyl products
— Number 4: (LDPE)Low-density polyethylene, garment bags, shrink wrap, and
bubble wrap
— Number 6: (PS)Polystyrene, packaging peanuts
— Other: Polyethylene Foam, carpet pad, and other clean foam
• Reused building material
• Roofing material (as allowed)
• Textiles
• Tires
• Yard waste (Clean Green)*
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-3
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
Not every facility or program can accept all of these recyclables. Some only accept them
periodically, depending upon market demand. Many materials are recycled in other regions
but are not recycled in Spokane County because at this time it is not cost effective to collect
and market them. Examples of materials that are not currently collected and recycled locally
include carpet, and Number 3-7 plastic bottles or jugs, plastic tubs or yogurt containers, hard
plastic containers used for various prepared food items (such as pastry and cookie containers
and frozen meal trays), and large pieces of Styrofoam.
5.2.1 Recycling Collection & Processing Facilities, Operations and Programs
Recycling collection services, drop-off facilities, processing facilities, and recycling
education and information programs are administered by the System, haulers, municipal
entities, Fairchild Air Force Base (Fairchild), and private operators.
5.2.1.1 Rate Incentives
The overriding feature in Spokane County recycling collection and facility operations and
education programs is the use of rate incentives to promote waste reduction and recycling.
Also called Pay-As-You-Throw(PAYT), it directly promotes diversion by creating rate
structures so that residents who throw away more pay more.
Residents are charged by prescribed sizes and/or quantity of their waste containers, tonnage,
and the costs of frequent hauling.
The more material that a customer recycles, the smaller and/or fewer waste containers they
need, and the less disposal tonnage they will be charged for. This monetary incentive
rewards the customer for reducing the amount of garbage produced.
5.2.2 System Facilities and Operations
The System does not provide curbside collection of recyclables, but does provide recycling
drop-off opportunities at System facilities throughout the county. The WTE facility and the
two System transfer stations—North County (NTS) and Valley (VTS)—each have a recycling
area and adj acent household hazardous waste (HHW) drop-off facility. The recycling/HHW
facilities are open to the public during the same hours as the disposal area. Since the
recycling/HHW facilities are accessed without crossing the scales, materials are accepted
without charge or payment for the material brought in.
All three facilities have identical operations. The recycling facilities accept newspapers,
magazines, telephone books, glass bottles and jars (clear, brown, and green), steel cans,
aluminum cans, corrugated cardboard, brown paper bags, scrap metals (both ferrous and
nonferrous), and polyethylene terephthalate (PETE)Number 1 and high-density polyethylene
(�IDPE)Number 2 plastic bottles and jugs (both uncolored and colored; no automotive
product plastic bottles are accepted). The public deposits most materials into intermediate
bins adj acent to the transfer container in the unloading areas. The intermediate bins are
checked by site staff for contaminates, and then emptied into the transfer containers.
Recyclable materials are transported from the recycling areas to local recycling businesses on
a regular basis. The processing marketing and shipment to market of collected recyclables
are handled by private recycling businesses on a contract basis with the System.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-4
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
Motor oil, antifreeze, vehicle batteries, and button-cell batteries are sent for recycling by a
private collector. Specially trained System personnel sort and package disposable material
for shipment to a hazardous waste landfill or incinerator(see Section 12).
5.2.2.1 Specialized Recycling Operations
Some specialized programs have been established for recyclables received at the System's
North County and Valley transfer stations and at the WTE facility. Some programs have a fee
assigned with them.
White Goods and Large Appliances
Appliances are directed to the solid waste tipping floor where they are sorted and recycled as
scrap metal after the refrigerant is recovered and other hazardous components (mercury
switches, capacitors with PCBs) are removed by trained staff. The regular solid waste rate is
charged for these white goods and large appliances, because they require special handling.
Other Specific Materials
Large scrap metal that can be separated from disposed material on the tipping floor is sorted
and placed with the white goods metals for recycling. Motor oil and antifreeze collected at
System HHW collection sites are recycled (see Section 12). Yard debris collected by the
System is recycled through the System's Clean Green yard debris program (see Section
5.3.1.1).
Metals Reclamation Conducted at WTE
Ferrous metals that do not burn during the combustion process at the WTE facility are
magnetically removed onsite from the ash, compressed into 1-ton bales, and sent to market
where they are made into fence posts and rebar. This process captures the still-valuable
metals from the ash, and avoids the added costs of disposing of this material into the ash
landfill. In 2004, 8,955 tons of ferrous metal were recovered from the ash.
Household Batteries
The System offers a household batteries program to divert mercury and other heavy metals
from the waste stream. Batteries are accepted at System collection sites (North County and
Valley transfer stations and the WTE facility), and drop-off sites at businesses throughout the
County. Residents can call the Recycling Hotline to determine their nearest drop-off facility.
Household and vehicle batteries are also collected weekly with residential curbside
recyclables (see Section 12).
5.2.3 System Recycling Outreach Programs
The System provides regional recycling promotion and support for all of the regional cities
and Spokane County through an extensive education and outreach program.
5.2.3.1 System Recycling Education Programs
The System sponsors recycling and waste reduction education programs as well as working in
coalition with other environmental entities in Spokane County. Because recycling programs
are integrated with waste reduction programs, recycling programs are only summarized here,
with detailed explanations in the Waste Reduction Chapter 4.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-5
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
School and Youth Education
• Public and Private Schools -Presentations are provided for classrooms and school-
associated groups and clubs.
• Youth Publications -Recycling RAP and kids enviro page published during the school
year.
• Other Youth Activities -Presentations are provided to variety of youth groups. Tours of
the Waste to Energy plant emphasize the importance of recycling.
Public Outreach
• Brochures:
— The System produces numerous brochures, which are distributed through a variety of
means.
• Publication:
— One Man's Trash is a four-page quarterly newsletter distributed as an insert in local
newspapers (including The Spokesman-Review and The Northwest Inlander) and
placed at regional public venues.
— The Recycling and Garbage Guide included in the QwestDex telephone book.
— The House That Recycling Built is a popular publication listing recycled-content
building material that can be purchased in the Spokane area.
• Recycling Hotline (509) 635-6800):
— The Spokane Regional Recycling Hotline provides information and technical
assistance to residents and businesses about waste reduction and recycling programs
and other solid waste questions. The calls result in mailings of thousands of
brochures containing information on waste reduction, recycling and other aspects of
Spokane's integrated regional solid waste system.
• Advertising:
— The System places advertisements to promote waste reduction and recycling in
regional periodicals whenever opportunities present themselves.
• Booths at fairs and community events:
— The System sponsors booths at local fairs and home shows.
• www.solidwaste.or�:
— The System maintains a website on the Internet.
Education and Outreach Programs in Coalition with Other Entities
The System is also involved in many programs with other government and business entities
promoting waste reduction, recycling, and sustainable lifestyle choices:
• Earth Day.
• The Green Zone.
• Spokane Youth Environmental Conference.
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SECTION 5 RECYCLING
Details of these programs are described in Section 4.
Business and Institutional Education
• Waste Reduction Assessment Program.
The System contracts with Pacific Material Exchange to manage the Waste Reduction
Assessment Program (WRAP). WRAP offers waste stream assessments to businesses and
institutions interested in reducing their disposal costs and increasing their recycling efforts.
The Work Site Recycling Manual is also distributed and provides a step-by-step guide for
establishing waste reduction and recycling practices in the workplace.
• System and WRAP staff work collaboratively with other organizations to further business
waste reduction education and practices:
— U.S. Green Building Council, Cascadia Chapter.
— Northwest EcoBuilding Guild, Inland Chapter.
Details of these programs are described in Section 4.
5.2.4 Spokane County Recycling Programs
The County is a partner in the System programs. Residents and businesses in unincorporated
areas of Spokane County have access to System services and programs and additionally the
services and programs of WUTC certificated hauling companies. County offices provide
recycling programs for employees who work at county buildings, including the Spokane
County Courthouse. These recycling services are provided by a private contractor which
collects and hauls recyclable materials as designated by the County.
The more densely populated portions of the unincorporated area of the Spokane County
receive curbside recycling collection service. Waste Management and Sunshine Disposal
service those unincorporated residential curbside recycling accounts. Because collection
routes may cross over between unincorporated and incorporated areas, neither firm separates
curbside recycling collection data in unincorporated areas from the data from incorporated
areas that they service.
Waste Management and Sunshine Disposal additionally service commercial recycling
accounts in these unincorporated areas. Again the collection routes cross over between
unincorporated and incorporated areas and neither firm is able to separate collection data
between areas.
5.2.5 Municipal Recycling Facilities and Programs
5.2.5.1 City of Airway Heights
The City of Airway Heights has a compartmentalized recycling drop-off container for town
citizens located in the Community Center parking lot at 13120 W 13th Avenue. The
materials are hauled by Waste Management(Tripp, 2006).
Recyclables accepted include:
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-�
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
• Corrugated cardboard.
• Newspaper.
• Phone books.
• Glass bottles and j ars.
• Aluminum cans.
• Steel cans.
• Plastic bottles (Codes 1 —PETE, and 2 -HDPE).
5.2.5.2 City of Cheney
The City of Cheney took over operation of the Cheney Recycling Facility from the previous
non-profit organization in July of 2003. The facility is located at 100 Anderson Road. It is
open to the public Wednesday through Friday, 12:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m., and Saturday, 10:00
a.m. to 4:00 p.m. The facility is staffed by an operator during the hours the facility is open to
the public. Cheney also uses System brochures and education outreach programs.
The following materials are acceptable for drop-off at the Cheney Recycling Center:
• Aluminum.
• Batteries (household and automobile).
• Cardboard (corrugated).
• Glass.
• Motor oil.
• Paper Products (magazines, newspapers, phone books, and office paper).
• Plastic bottles (Codes 1 —PETE, and 2 -HDPE).
• Steel cans.
Under an agreement with Eastern Washington University (EWU, located in Cheney), the City
of Cheney receives and pays for the processing of EWU's glass. The city receives the
revenue from the sale of the university's cardboard which is processed at the university using
a cardboard compactor provided by the City.
The City contracts with a local processing company for the final processing and marketing of
the recyclables collected at the Cheney Recycling Facility. EWU has a separate agreement
with a local processor for the processing and marketing of recyclables other than glass and
cardboard, collected by the University's recycling program. Exhibit 5-1 displays the
tonnages and percents of recyclable commodities collected by the Cheney Recycling Facility.
For more information, visit Cheney's website: http://www.citvofchenev.or_ site/
departments/works/solid waste.
EXHIBIT 5-1
City of Cheney Recycling Center,2004
Material Tons Percent
Aluminum cans 5.97 1.2
Cardboard 176.57 35.9
Glass 81.00 16.5
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EXHIBIT 5-1
City of Cheney Recycling Center,2004
Material Tons Percent
Aluminum cans 5.97 1.2
Cardboard 176.57 35.9
Paper products 206.57 42.0
PETE(Code 1) 6.57 1.3
HDPE(Code 2) 6.89 1.4
Steel cans 8.78 1.9
Total 492.33 100
(Clemans, 2005, and MacDonald, 2006)
5.2.5.3 City of Deer Park
Sunshine Disposal, Inc. provides recycling curbside collection services for residential and
commercial customers in Deer Park Sunshine sorts recyclables at their private transfer
station located in Spokane Valley. The City of Deer Park has a display rack at City Hall that
offers System brochures, outlining the details of the recycling programs offered by the
System (Kriger, 2006).
5.2.5.4 Town of Fairfield
The town of Fairfield does not receive curbside recycling service, nor does it have a drop-off
facility located within its municipality. Fairfield residents have access to System facilities
and education and outreach programs, as well as private recycling operations.
5.2.5.5 Town of Latah
The town of Latah does not receive curbside recycling service, nor does it have a drop-off
facility located within its municipality. Latah residents have access to System facilities and
education and outreach programs, as well as private recycling operations.
5.2.5.6 City of Liberty Lake
Residents of the City of Liberty Lake receive residential curbside recycling service from
Waste Management. Liberty Lake also has a twice-yearly Community Clean-Up Day that
focuses on"Clean Green." Liberty Lake residents have access to System education and
outreach programs, private drop-off recycling facilities and the Valley Transfer Station.
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SECTION 5 RECYCLING
5.2.5.7 City of Medical Lake
Medical Lake has a drop-off recycling facility available to City of Medical Lake residents
only. Recyclables, yard debris, and some household hazardous waste are accepted, and
include:
• Cardboard.
• Phone books.
• Magazines.
• Newspaper.
• Mixed and shredded paper.
• Aluminum cans.
• Steel cans.
• Glass bottles and j ars.
• Plastic bottles - Code 1 -PETE and Code 2 HDPE.
• Clean Green yard debris.
• Batteries -vehicle and dry cell.
• Waste oil.
• Antifreeze.
Signs are posted around the recycling facility that explain recycling regulations and
guidelines. Medical Lake periodically provides recycling information, such as tips or
recycling issues/concerns, mailed with local utility bills. Medical Lake displays System
brochures at City offices and the recycling facility, and has applied for grant money in 2006,
part of which is earmarked to purchase a brochure holder that is designed to withstand the
weather. Exhibit 5-2 displays the tonnages and percents of recyclable commodities collected
by the Medical Lake Recycling Center.
EXHIBIT 5-2
City of Medical Lake Recycling Center,2004
Material Tons Percent
Aluminum cans 5.8 1.3
Cardboard 98.7 22.5
Glass 53.9 12.3
Magazines 33.4 7.6
Mixed paper 32.3 7.4
Newspaper 170.1 38.8
Phone books 6.9 1.6
Plastic PETE (Code 1) 6.8 1.6
Plastic HDPE(Code 2) 9.4 2.1
Steel cans 20.8 4.7
Total 438.1 100
Source: Dorshorst, 2006
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-10
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
5.2.5.8 Town of Rockford
The Town of Rockford does not receive curbside recycling service, nor does it have a drop-
off facility located within its municipality. Rockford residents have access to System
facilities and education and outreach programs, as well as private recycling operations.
5.2.5.9 City of Spangle
Spangle uses a local recycling processor for collection of newspapers, paper, and aluminum
cans in drop boxes. When full, Spangle calls to have the material picked up and transported
to the processor. Spangle uses revenue generated from its recycling program for community
proj ects (for example, park improvements).
5.2.5.10 City of Spokane
The City of Spokane provides curbside collection of recyclables for both residential and
commercial accounts. Many City of Spokane facilities have workplace recycling programs.
The City of Spokane operates the System drop-off recycling areas. Residents also have
access to private drop-off/buy-back centers.
City of Spokane: Residential Curbside Collection of Recyclables
The City of Spokane Solid Waste Management Department(SWMD)provides weekly
curbside collection to all city residents who live in single-family homes, duplexes, triplexes,
and four-plexes. Recycling collection is on the same day and in the same place as refuse
collection. In 2004, Spokane provided collection services for about $3 to $4 per month. This
fee is blended into the monthly solid waste collection utility fee that includes both recycling
and disposal. The types and quantities of residential curbside materials collected in 2004 are
shown in Exhibit 5-3.
ExHisir 5-3
City of Spokane Residential Curbside Recycling,2004
Material Tons Percent
Newspapers, magazines, and cardboard 6,160 67
Glass 2,292 25
Steel 274 3
PETE (Code 1) 194 2
HDPE (Code 2) 156 2
Aluminum cans 141 1
Total 9,217 100
Source: City of Spokane Solid Waste Management Department, 2005
City of Spokane: Multifamily Recycling Collection
Multifamily recycling is an optional subscription service for apartment managers and
residents provided by the Spokane Solid Waste Management Department. If requested,
apartment complexes (five units or greater) are provided with sets of containers and placed in
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-11
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
convenient locations on the property. The needs of apartment residents and space limitations
on apartment grounds determine the number and types of containers. Containers may be
rolling totes of different sizes up to 90-gallon, or specially marked dumpsters. Materials
collected and preparation needs are the same as for curbside collection (Tresko, 2005).
Spokane does not track multifamily customers separately for information on material
quantities and participation rates. Therefore, multifamily collection totals are included with
the residential curbside totals shown in Exhibit 5-3.
City of Spokane: Commercial Recycling
The City of Spokane Solid Waste Management Department collects corrugated cardboard,
mixed paper, magazines, aluminum cans, and glass bottles from businesses that subscribe to
its service. Taverns and restaurants are the primary accounts for collection of glass bottles
and j ars. Rear-loaded containers are provided for businesses that want to recycle cardboard.
Carts in multiple sizes are available for mixed paper. There are approximately 2,500
commercial refuse accounts in Spokane. About 30 percent of these accounts subscribe to
recycling collection services. In 2004, commercial accounts recycled 2,421 tons of fiber
material, as shown in Exhibit 5-4.
ExHisir 5-4
City of Spokane Commercial Fiber Recycling,2004
Material Tons Percent
Cardboard 841 35
Mixed Paper 1,580 65
Total 2,421 100
Source: City of Spokane Solid Waste Management Department, 2005
The rates for commercial recycling services are based on a graduating scale that is lower than
conventional disposal rates. By reducing their refuse generation through recycling,
businesses are able to use a smaller dumpster and/or have less frequent collection. Even
though the customer is charged for the collection of recyclables, many businesses have
successfully reduced their total cost for solid waste handling. Cost savings can be as high as
30 to 40 percent.
City of Spokane: City Hall Recycling
Spokane City Hall has its own recycling program for city staf£ Depending on the facility,
city staff can recycle office paper(envelopes, some colored paper, blueprints, and carbonless
forms), aluminum cans, and plastic PET bottles. In the last few years, PET plastic bottles
have replaced vending machine aluminum cans; therefore, aluminum can recycling is
anticipated to decrease while plastic bottle recycling is expected to increase in the future.
Spokane City Hall participates in "Clean Your Files Day," an annual event since 1998,
sponsored nationally by such organizations as the U.S. Conference of Mayors (the primary
sponsor) and the National League of Cities. In 2004, Spokane City Hall recycled 950 pounds
of office paper.
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SECTION 5 RECYCLING
5.2.5.11 City of Spokane Valley
Residents of the City of Spokane Valley receive residential curbside recycling service from
Waste Management. Spokane Valley also has access to System education and outreach
programs, and private recycling drop-off facilities and the System's Valley Transfer Station.
5.2.5.12 Town of Waverly
The town of Waverly does not receive curbside recycling service, nor does it have a drop-off
facility located within its municipality. Waverly residents have access to System facilities
and education and outreach programs, as well as private recycling operations.
5.2.6 Fairchild Air Force Base Facilities and Programs
Fairchild Air Force Base (Fairchild) has a comprehensive recycling program that includes a
wide variety of materials, collected from residential areas and central collection points.
These recyclable materials are categorized similarly to those in other local recycling
programs. Asterisks indicate materials that are included in residential curbside recycling
programs.
• Paper:*
— White and colored office paper.
— Computer paper.
— Envelopes.
— Forms (without carbon paper).
— Junk mail.
— Magazines.
— Newspapers.
— Shredded paper.
— Paper bags (grocery, shopping lunch).
— Phone books.
— Chipboard (cereal boxes, shoe boxes, and other like containers).
• Cardboard.*
• Plastics:*
— Number L (PETE)Polyethylene terephthalate.
— Number 2: (HDPE)High-density polyethylene (clear and colored).
— Number 4: (LDPE)Low-density polyethylene (light-colored plastic/garment
bags/shrink wrap/bubble wrap).
• Glass - Glass beverage and food containers of all colors.*
• Metal:
— Aluminum cans.*
— Steel and bimetallic cans.*
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SECTION 5 RECYCLING
— Scrap Metal - The base Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO)is the
collection point for scrap metal. DRMO accepts ferrous metal items (other than cans)
that are made of cast iron and steel sheet, and nonferrous metal items that are made of
nickel, bronze, copper, brass, and lead.
• Wooden pallets.
• Electronics:
— Cell phones.
— Batteries, chargers.
In 2004, Fairchild recycled approximately 1,360 tons of material and 382 tons of yard waste.
These numbers do not include the large quantity of demolition debris (primarily asphalt and
concrete), tires (aircraft and vehicle), used oil, antifreeze, and batteries that also were diverted
from the waste stream.
5.2.6.1 Fairchild Recycling Facilities
Fairchild operates a Recycling Center, which has the equipment necessary to process, and
store all materials recycled on base and in the housing areas. A drive-through drop-off area is
located at the Center, which is open 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, and is available for use by
all individuals that have access to the base. Customers are asked to separate their recyclables
and place them in the appropriate containers. The base recycling contractor collects,
transports, processes, and stores all recyclable materials on the base, until they are sold to
private recycling centers.
5.2.6.2 Fairchild Recycling Programs
Recycling Collection Program
Military family housing residents receive a blue 18.7-gallon recycling container for all
recycled materials. Each container has a label that provides specific instructions on what
materials are accepted and how they need to be packaged. Residents are also provided with a
yard waste container. Yard waste is collected and transported to the regional Waste-to-
Energy facility for processing at the regional composting facility. In addition, a variety of
containers (desk side containers, cardboard cages, containers for paper, cans, plastic, etc.)for
recyclable materials are located at all Fairchild offices and shops. Each office and shop is
responsible for placing bagged recycled materials at their building's designated central
collection point(s) assigned to them. The Recycle Center contractor performs weekly or as-
needed pick-up of the materials from these central collection points and transports them to
the Recycle Center for processing.
Park and Event Recycling
Fairchild has outdoor recycling units at several locations throughout the base including parks,
baseball fields, and the"FAMCAlVIl'" recreational vehicle park area. Cans, plastic, and glass
are collected in the outdoor containers. Newspaper is also collected at the FAMCAlVIl'. For
maj or picnics and events, portable recycling containers are used to supplement the permanent
outdoor containers. Typically, plastic and aluminum cans are collected at picnics/events.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-14
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
Educational Programs
Fairchild offers many recycling educational programs on base:
• Periodic articles in the newspaper.
• Annual briefings to facility managers and squadron recycling coordinators.
• Annual briefings at commander's calls about the base recycling program (commander's
calls are held by all squadrons commanders on a routine basis and typically require the
attendance of all squadron members).
• Annual presentation to the children at the on-base elementary school.
• Annual distribution of a recycling brochure to all housing residents.
• Informational booths set up at various base and community functions.
• Quarterly Environmental Management Subcommittee meetings (this subcommittee is co-
chaired by the Mission Support Group and Maintenance Group Deputy Commanders,
with members from a wide variety of Fairchild organizations).
• Other miscellaneous programs (Wulf, 2005).
5.2.7 Recycling Haulers
The availability of residential curbside recycling collection service within Spokane County is
determined by several factors. In the unincorporated areas of the County and those
municipalities that have chosen to not exercise their authority to self-haul or contract directly
for solid waste collection services, curbside recycling service areas are determined by the
County's Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) and implemented by way of the County
Service Level Ordinance (see Appendix C). The SWMP defines these curbside recycling
areas based on factors such as population densities and designated urban versus rural areas.
All Spokane County residential recycling collection programs collect the same materials on
the same day as their refuse collection service, no matter who the residential recycling hauler
is.
Municipalities have multiple options granted to them by way of State RCW's. They have the
option of exercising their authority to establish their own solid waste and recycling service
contracts (Airway Heights, Cheney, Deer Park, and Medical Lake). They have the option of
operating their own solid waste collection service (City of Spokane). They also have the
option to not exercise their municipal contracting authority whereby solid waste and
recycling collection services would revert to the county's service levels (Fairfield, Latah,
Liberty Lake, Millwood, Rockford, Spangle, Spokane Valley, and Waverly). These services
would then be provided by the certificated haulers for that particular area under the authority
and rate making model of the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission
(WUTC).
In addition, WUTC certificated residential recycling haulers can choose to offer subscription
service to their residential solid waste customers that reside outside of designated service
level areas identified in the SWMP and implemented by the County's Service Level
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-15
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
Ordinance. The latter is not often implemented because of the costs to provide curbside
service to lower density or populated areas.
5.2.7.1 Certificated Hauling Companies
Four private WUTGcertificated garbage haulers provide residential curbside collection of
recyclables in designated service areas, and/or commercial recycling collection (upon
request)within unincorporated Spokane County and municipalities except for the City of
Spokane. The City of Spokane operates its own public Solid Waste Management
Department, and is described above under City of Spokane operations.
Exhibit 5-5 displays the tonnages and percents of recyclable commodities collected by Waste
Management and Sunshine from their residential curbside accounts in portions of the
unincorporated county as well as Fairchild Air Force Base, and the cities of Deer Park,
Liberty Lake, Millwood, and Spokane Valley in 2004.
ExHisir 5-5
Waste Management and Sunshine Disposal Residential Curbside Recycling, Unincorporated Spokane County, Fairchild Air
Force Base,and the cities of Deer Park, Liberty Lake, Millwood,and Spokane Valley,2004
Material Tons Percent
Newspaper, magazines, and some cardboard 5,191 53
Cardboard 2,451 25
Glass 1,398 14
PAT" 195 2
Steel 153 2
PETE 153 2
Aluminum cans 114 1
HDPE 113 1
Total 9,768 100
"PAT is commingled plastic, aluminum, and tin.
Source: Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, 2005
Waste Management of Spokane
Waste Management of Spokane (Waste Management)is a private solid waste handling
company that provides residential curbside recycling services to its contracted municipal
jurisdictions and the designated curbside recycling area described in the SWMP and
implemented by way of the County's Service Level Ordinance.The additional curbside
recycling service areas described in the SWMP and implemented by Service Level Ordinance
include the cities of Liberty Lake, Spokane Valley, and Millwood, and certain portions of
unincorporated areas. These areas are provided curbside recycling service by Waste
Management under authority of the WUTC. Curbside service is provided on a weekly basis,
on the same day as garbage pickup. Waste Management also provides recycling service to all
multi-family complexes (five or more units)in the recycling service areas described in the
SWMP and implemented by Service Level Ordinance.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-16
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
On request, Waste Management provides commercial subscription recycling services to
businesses and institutions. Commercial accounts are provided with containers, drop-off
boxes, or roll-offs and are serviced on an as-needed basis for materials such as cardboard and
scrap metals.
Sunshine Recyclers, Inc., dlbla Sunshine Disposal & Recycling
Sunshine Recyclers Incorporated, d/b/a Sunshine Disposal & Recycling, is a private refuse
and recycling hauler that provides collection services to its contracted municipal jurisdictions
of the cities of Airway Heights, Cheney, Deer Park, and Medical Lake, and Fairchild Air
Force Base. Under contract with the City of Deer Park and Fairchild Air Force Base,
Sunshine Disposal also provides residential curbside recycling and yard waste collection.
Sunshine provides commercial curbside service for Deer Park In addition to providing
residential and commercial collection services, Sunshine processes recyclables at the
Sunshine Recyclers Transfer Station and then privately markets the material to many end
users. The Sunshine Recyclers Transfer Station does not currently accept source separated
recyclables from the general public.
Empire Disposal, Inc.
Empire Disposal is a private garbage hauler that provides solid waste collection service in its
WUTC-designated service area located in the southeast corner of Spokane County. This
service area includes the towns of Spangle, Rockford, Fairf�ield, Waverly, and Latah. Empire
Disposal does not provide hauling services for recyclables.
Newman Lake Disposal, Inc.
Newman Lake Disposal is a private garbage hauler that provides solid waste collection
services in the unincorporated Newman Lake area, north of Trent Avenue (State Hwy 290)
and bordering Idaho. Newman Lake Disposal does not provide hauling services of
recyclables.
5.2.8 Private Processing Recycling Facilities
There are a variety of private recycling facilities that serve the entire county. Most serve both
commercial and residential customers as well as providing buy-back/drop-off facilities.
Some focus on particular commodities while others accept a variety of material types. Many
of these local processors accept material from both residential and business users, and may
include hauling in their commercial services. Scrap metal is a major waste reduction
contributor. Some specific processors focus on scrap metal recovery and marketing. Most
drop-off, buy-back centers accept metals. The Spokane Recycling Hotline maintains a list of
materials accepted by recycling businesses and their respective hours of operation.
5.2.8.1 Multi-Commodity Processors
There are eight private Multi-Commodity Processors in the County that accept a wide variety
of materials from the public (both residential and commercial customers). The locations of
these facilities are shown in Exhibit 5-6.
The Spokane Recycling Hotline maintains a list of materials accepted by each drop-off/buy
back center and their respective hours of operation. Exhibit 5-7lists the drop-off/buy-back
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-17
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
recycling businesses in Spokane County, their addresses, phone numbers, and the materials
collected at each.
Action Recycling
Action Recycling collects aluminum scrap and aluminum cans, copper, brass, radiators,
stainless insulated wire, and newspaper.
American Recycling Corporation
American Recycling Corporation (American Recycling)is a local processor/broker that
specializes in industrial scrap metal recycling. Materials accepted include iron/steel,
automobile bodies, appliances, copper, brass, aluminum, lead, radiators, and more. Scrap
metal is weighed on a certified scale to determine amounts paid to customers. American
Recycling offers services to retail and commercial accounts county-wide. Containers are
provided to industrial plants. American Recycling processes the ferrous recovered from ash
at the WTE Facility.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-18
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
EXHIBIT 5-fi
Recycling Drop-offand Buy Back Centers in Spokane County
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-19
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SECTION 5 RECYCLING
Clark's Recycling
Clark's Recycling has two drop-off/buy back facilities, located in the Valley and west side.
This business specializes in aluminum cans and scrap, copper, brass, radiators, and
newspapers.
Dickson Iron and Metal
Dickson Iron and Metal (Dickson)is a drop-off/buy back center that specializes in scrap
metal recyclables including scrap iron, aluminum, radiators, copper, stainless steel, brass,
electric motors, and insulated wire. Containers are provided for commercial accounts.
Du-Mor Recycling
Du-Mor Recycling is a drop off/buy-back recycling center that accepts aluminum cans, scrap
aluminum, newspapers, plastics (PETE and HDPE), corrugated boxes, copper, brass, lead,
and scrap iron, and computers. Commercial container service also is provided upon request.
Earthworks Recycling
Earthworks Recycling accepts newspaper, corrugated cardboard, appliances, aluminum cans,
office paper,junk mail/cereal boxes, pallets, non-ferrous metals, phone books, packing
peanuts, bubble wrap, computer and electronics scrap, batteries, and more. Earthworks
provides pick-up service or drop site/lock bins for shredded paper. Earthworks also will
provide recycling information and referral.
Pacific Steel and Recycling
Pacific Steel and Recycling is a local processor/broker that specializes in industrial scrap
metal recycling and additionally receives recyclables from curbside collection programs,
commercial recycling accounts, small businesses, and individuals. A sort line is used to
separate recyclables from curbside programs. This company's processing and baling
operation includes a horizontal, two-ram baler for cardboard, paper, and metals. It also
accepts cans and plastic.
Spokane Recycling Products, Inc.
Spokane Recycling Products, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiary Waste Paper Services,
Inc., operate a paper and plastic recycling/processing facility located in Spokane, WA.
Corrugated cardboard, newspaper and office paper make up the largest portion of the material
processed. These materials come from a wide variety of generators, including commercial
accounts, the public (via a buy-back center) and the local waste haulers. Curbside material
has been received from both the city and county curbside programs since their inception in
1990.
The company utilizes four separate sort lines dedicated to newspaper, high-grade papers, and
curbside containers, plus two high-density twin-ram balers for the final processing of
materials prior to shipping to market.
Waste Paper Services, Inc., provides a fleet of trucks for servicing company accounts. These
services include vans, tractor/flatbed, tractor-trailer and roll on/roll off equipment. The
company covers the greater Spokane area on a daily basis.
Currently, the material stream at Spokane Recycling consists of multiple different grades of
paper, aluminum and steel cans, glass bottles and jars, HDPE& PET plastic bottles, LDPE
film, carpet pad, assorted industrial plastic scrap, used/obsolete boxes and totes.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-24
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
5.2.8.2 Paper Shredding Services
Several local paper shredding services serve commercial businesses and the general public.
Many of them recycle by transporting the shredded paper to drop-off/buy-back recycling
centers and other recycling businesses.
B & B Shredding
B & B Shredding places on-site bins and has regular routes or on-call service for its mobile
shredding services.
Certified Data Destruction
Certified Data Destruction provides on- or off-site shredding services for both business and
residences.
Devries Information Management
Devries Information Management provides on- or off-site shredding services or customers
may drop off.
Recall Secured Document Services
Recall Secured Document Services places on-site bins and has regular pick-up routes or on-
call service for its mobile shredding services.
Security Document Shredding, Inc.
Security Document Shredding Inc., places on-site bins and has regular routes or on-call
service for off-site document destruction services.
5.2.8.3 Wood Waste Recycling
Several wood waste recycling businesses serve both private residences and commercial
customers, including those in the construction, demolition, and land-clearing industries (see
Section 11). They are particularly noteworthy for reducing waste and recycling wood waste.
Wood waste includes sawdust, chips, shavings, bark, pulp, hog fuel, and log sort yard waste,
but it does not include wood pieces or particles containing paint, laminates, bonding agents or
chemical preservatives. They are not allowed to accept non-woody yard debris feedstock.
All sites charge to accept materials.
ABCO Wood Recycling LLC
ABCO Wood Recycling LLC (ABCO)is a wood recycling company that collects wood waste
at its recycling center in North Spokane or supplies a portable container to sites for wood
waste collection. ABCO accepts brush, slash, pallets, stumps, and other wood waste
materials from residences and commercial accounts. The wood waste is ground and sold for
hog fuel.
Cannon Hill Industries, Inc.
Cannon Hill Industries (Cannon Hill) accepts wood waste from residential and commercial
accounts. The recycled wood waste is used primarily for hogfuel.
Busy Bee Recycling Company
Busy Bee Landfill and Wood Recycling Company (Busy Bee) accepts woody organic
materials such as lumber, pallets, brush, and stumps. It also accepts all types of inert
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-25
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
materials, including concrete, asphalt, glass, metal, non-contaminated dirt, and wood
shingles. The wood shingles and other organics are ground in a tub grinder for use as mulch
and other landscaping applications.
Diversified Wood Recycling
Diversified Wood Recycling accepts wood waste materials from residential and commercial
accounts, including grass clippings for feed, waste sod for resale, wood for compost bulk, and
concrete for grinding and use at construction site equipment roads. The recycled wood waste
is used for hog fuel.
Sunshine Recyclers Inc., dlbla Sunshine Disposal & Recycling
Sunshine Recyclers currently provides wood recycling services to several commercial and
industrial customers. They process (grind)the material and sell it for use as hog fuel. The
facility is located in the Spokane Valley and accepts wood, brush, pallets, mill ends, slash,
stumps, Christmas trees and other wood materials. Sunshine anticipates accepting wood
waste for recycling from the public after additional site preparation in 2007.
5.2.8.4 Local Manufacturers
Inland Empire Paper Company
Inland Empire Paper Company is a local paper mill which produces newsprint and other
groundwood paper for consumption by the printing industry. The company has been in
operation since 1911 and employs 140 people to produce 450 tons of paper per day. Some of
the newsprint is sold to the local newspaper company, The Spokesman Review. This is a
good example of a local market for recyclables.
Inland Empire Paper purchases recycled newspapers from the Spokane area and additionally
from throughout the western United States to supply its ONP deink plant. One hundred fifty
tons of recycled fiber is produced each day and blended at a ratio of 40 percent with
mechanical pulp to produce newsprint and other groundwood papers.
Fiber Reclaim is a wholly owned subsidiary of Inland Empire Paper and is a local paper
brokerage firm that buys and sells recycled newspapers and other recyclables. Fiber Reclaim
sells those materials to Inland Empire Paper, local businesses and other markets.
Thermoguard Insulation Company
Thermoguard Insulation Co. located in Spokane is a manufacturer of cellulose insulation.
This insulation is used in new and remodel construction for residential and commercial
applications throughout the Pacific Northwest.
The cellulose insulation is manufactured from 100% recycled paper. The organic cellulose
fiber is by nature a very effective insulation material. The natural insulation area of the
hollow cellulose fiber has been increased many times by its separation into soft fluffy mass.
In this way, air spaces are created around the fiber in addition to the original air space inside
the fiber. The fibers are chemically treated during the manufacturing process to provide
permanent resistance to fire, decay, and various pests.
Thermoguard Insulation Company began operations in Spokane in 1951. At that time, the
company's main focus was the manufacturing of cellulose insulation installation machinery.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-26
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
In 1955, Thermoguard began manufacturing cellulose fiber insulation primarily to provide
material to the company's insulating contracting business. In 1990, Thermoguard was one of
the first companies in the United States to change from hammer mills to a fiberizer in its
production of cellulose insulation. The fiberizer reduces paper stock to a form similar to the
original paper pulp. This produces a lighter and more thermal effective cellulose insulation
with a higher R-Value.
5.2.8.5 Other Recycling
Other private recycling facilities focus on specific materials, including appliances,
electronics, and moderate risk waste.
Electronics Recycling
Recycling of electronic products is a growing market for both commercial and residential
generated items. Electronic recycling services and the businesses that provide them are
discussed later in this section, under Emerging Trends.
Moderate Risk Waste
Recycling of moderate risk waste materials for both commercial and residential customers is
an important element of the recycling program. In addition to the System program for
moderate risk waste management, some private companies are providing local services. An
example is Emerald Services, a company that specializes in collection of moderate risk waste
materials including oils, solvents, antifreeze, waste water, paint waste, batteries, and used oil
filters. Moderate Risk Waste Management is discussed in more detail in Section 12.
5.3 Existing Conditions - Composting Facilities, Operations
and Programs
Composting programs and markets/emerging trends are presented separately from the other
recycling programs. Local composting consists primarily of yard waste materials (leaves,
grass clippings, weeds, small branches, pine needles, and pine cones), although composting
conducted by individual households also may include food waste. Approximately 45,900
tons of yard waste was collected for composting in 2004 (Spokane Regional Solid Waste
System 2004 Annual Report). Just as for other solid waste programs, organics handling and
management are evaluated in terms of ineeting diversion goals as well as in terms of
composting operations being cost competitive. Emerging trends are presented for those
evolving composting programs that are becoming more widely accepted by the public.
Following the closure of the local composting facility in 2002, the System entered into a
contract with Waste Management of Washington in February 2003 to compost the
community's yard waste. Yard waste collected throughout the county is hauled to System
facilities, and from those points Waste Management hauls the material to a contracted
composting operation located outside of the county.
5.3.1 System Composting Facilities and Programs
Initially, the System located a composting operation in the county as a way to provide a
conveniently located and easily accessible composting facility for local citizens. An
additional advantage to a local operation was the benefit of using the generated composted
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-27
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
materials locally to improve soils, lawns, and gardens. This composting service was
provided by a private company, who constructed the facility and contracted with the System.
The first operation with O.M. Scott began in November 1993. O.M. Scott produced high-
quality compost materials. Their compost products were in such high market demand that
production could not keep up with demand. Unfortunately, environmental air inversion
conditions on the site pushed odors into neighboring properties.
As a result, the System, O.M Scott, and the neighboring residents agreed to various
settlements. Neighboring plaintiffs received monetary settlements and agreed to either sell
their homes to the System or sign an odor easement. O.M Scott ceased operations and
participated in the cost of settlement with the neighbors.
A second effort in 2000 by Norcal, Inc., resulted in operations that controlled odors and also
produced a high-quality compost. However, in 2002, the Norcal operation was officially
closed due to contamination of incoming materials with Clopyralid, an herbicide applied by
commercial pesticide applicators. Clopyralid is a persistent broadleaf herbicide that does not
break down during the composting process. The contaminated finished compost could not be
sold because it caused plant damage. The System is currently engaged in a class action suit
to recoup damages from Dow Chemical Company, who produces Clopyralid.
The System subsequently issued another request for proposals for regional composting
services, eventually contracting with Waste Management of Washington. Under this
contract, Clean Green yard waste is either collected in residential curbside programs or
delivered by citizens to the WTE facility or the North County or Valley transfer stations.
Waste Management contracts with various subcontractors to provide transportation from
System facilities to a processing location where Clean Green yard waste is transformed into
compost. When the composting process is complete, the final screened product is sold in the
wholesale market.
5.3.1.1 System Composting Programs
Clean Green
Clean Green is the System composting program that encourages citizens to divert yard waste
from disposal so that it can be composted. Yard waste includes leaves, weeds, pruning
waste, grass clippings, brush, sod (under 3 inches thick, without rock and as much dirt shaken
out as possible), and woody materials up to 3 inches in diameter and 6 feet in length. It does
not include dirt, rocks, animal waste, food or kitchen waste, garden tools, lawn furniture, or
hardscaping (such as fencing or trellises).
All System collection sites are open seven days a week, 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Extended
operating hours are applied on certain days of the week from April 1 to September 30. Clean
Green fees are reduced after 3 p.m. on days with extended hours. Collection sites are closed
on six holidays (New Year's Day, Memorial Day, 4th of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day,
and Christmas Day).
The System offers a financial incentive for recycling yard waste. The Clean Green tipping
fee is less than for regular trash. For 2004, the Clean Green fee was $35 per ton rather than
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-28
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
$98 per ton for regular trash, with the first 100 pounds free during all operating hours from
October through March, and during special operating hours from April through September.
In 2004, Spokane County composted and diverted from disposal about 45,900 tons of yard
waste. An additiona14,000 tons of organics (food and yard waste) are estimated to have been
diverted through home composting and vermiculture bins (Tresko 2006).
Master Composters
The System encourages home composting as an economical and convenient alternative to
bagging yard debris for disposal. To that end, the System sponsors the Spokane Master
Composter Program.
Training is provided annually to citizens who are interested in learning more about home
composting and then volunteering to help teach others. Master Composters provide
educational seminars, help staff System booths at home shows, and sponsor the popular
biannual Compost Fair that provides hands-on learning and a free compost bin to County
residents. No different than the process that occurs in commercial composting home
composters take ordinary green and brown yard waste and transform it into a superior soil
amendment. Home composters are taught that compost improves the health of plants,
enhances the water-holding ability of soil and is an attractive mulch that promotes weed and
erosion control. Using compost in yards and gardens improves soil and plant health while
saving money and resources. Worm composting another type of home composting, is also
promoted to recycle kitchen scraps, and is included in the System's Home Composting
education program.
The Green Zone
The Green Zone is a public learning center that supports"earth-friendly" ideas and
alternatives compatible with the Inland Northwest lifestyle. The Home Composting
Demonstration Site features many styles of compost bins, including some built from recycled
plastic lumber(see Section 4). Water conservation, aquifer protection strategies, and
xeriscaping are also among The Green Zone's offerings.
5.3.2 County Composting Programs
Yard waste can be picked up in the unincorporated areas of the County that receive curbside
recycling service by the certificated waste haulers. Waste Management provides subscription
curbside yard waste collection to anyone who requests the service in its service area and
within the service level requirements. The service is provided weekly from March through
November and monthly from December through February. Citizens may also self-haul yard
waste to the System's yard waste collection sites at the North County or Valley transfer
stations or at the WTE facility.
5.3.3 Municipal Composting Facilities and Programs
5.3.3.1 City of Airway Heights
Airway Heights has a roll-off yard waste collection container for its citizens to use. Materials
collected are hauled by Waste Management to the WTE yard waste collection area and
composted through the System's Clean Green composting program.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-29
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
5.3.3.2 City of Cheney Composting Facility
Free yard waste drop-off is available to the residents of the City of Cheney only. Commercial
landscape businesses located inside and outside of Cheney may also drop off of yard waste
material by obtaining a permit to do so. Commercial landscape businesses are required to
pay an annual permit fee along with a yard waste use fee.
The yard waste drop-off site is located next to the Cheney Recycling Center at 100 Anderson
Road. Yard waste is collected from early March through the Thanksgiving weekend.
The yard debris collected at the Cheney Recycling Center is hauled out to Cheney's
wastewater treatment plant. Cheney also receives yard waste brought to the wastewater
treatment plant by the Cheney Parks Department and the Cheney School District.
This material, along with the material from the Cheney Recycling Center, is run through a tub
grinder, and serves as an excellent bulking material when mixed with biosolids to create
biosolid compost sold under the name of EcoGreen.
EcoGreen is only sold on Fridays from 12:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. during the same months that
the yard waste drop off site is in operation. For more information, visit Cheney's website:
http://www.citvofchenev.or�/site/departments/works/solid waste.
In 2004, the Cheney Recycling Center collected 9603 tons of yard debris. Cheney School
District and Cheney Parks Department supplied another 609 tons of yard waste, for a total
diversion from disposal of 10,212 tons of yard debris.
The following yard waste materials are acceptable for composting in Cheney's composting
program:
• Leaves.
• Grass clippings.
• Pinecones.
• Pine needles.
• Weeds (except herbicide tainted material).
Brush, prunings, and branches are also acceptable yard waste material, but must be no larger
than 2 inches in diameter and 4 feet in length.
5.3.3.3 City of Medical Lake
Medical Lake collects yard waste at their recycling facility. The drop-off service is available
to residents from March through November 15, or until the first snowfall stays on the ground.
Medical Lake Public Works hauls the yard waste in their collection trailer to the WTE
facility. From there, the WTE facility incorporates it with the other Clean Green.
5.3.3.4 Residential Curbside Programs
Fairchild Air Force Base residents receive curbside collection of yard waste as part of their
normal curbside service. The cities of Deer Park, Liberty Lake, Millwood, Spokane, and
Spokane Valley have curbside collection of yard waste available by subscription through their
solid waste hauler. The services are provided weekly from March through November, and
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-30
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
monthly from December through February. Material is transported to System sites to be
incorporated with other Clean Green.
5.3.4 Private Facilities
There are no private composting facilities permitted in the County.
To operate a compost facility with 250 or more cubic yards of yard debris and other permitted
feedstock or compost on-site at any one time requires a permit obtained from the Spokane
Regional Health District(SRHD), as described in WAC 173-350. The materials must be
placed on an impervious surface. Precipitation run-on and runoff must be controlled. Other
specific operational and monitoring conditions apply as well.
There are several private wood waste recycling facilities in Spokane County that grind wood
waste for fuel. They are not allowed to accept non-woody yard debris feedstock(see 5.2.7
Private Recycling Facilities, above).
5.4 Recycling Markets and Emerging Trends
5.4.1 Recycling Markets
Processors of recyclable materials in the Spokane area generally enjoy access to markets for
materials in the Pacific Northwest, and growing access to Pacific Rim markets through the
ports of Seattle and Tacoma. Some markets may be accessed directly while others may
require the use of a broker or agent. Market conditions for recyclable materials will fluctuate
through out any given year. Recent demand for recyclable materials over the past 24 months
has been steady to strong and commodity pricing has been favorable with the exception of
Old Corrugated Containers which weakened in the fourth quarter of 2005. Demand for
materials is in constant shift as consuming mills change. Currently, there is consolidation in
the U.S. paper manufacturing industry and growth in this area in the Pacific Rim, especially
China. This is causing a change in the destination of some recycled paper. Locally, a
consumer of aluminum cans has quit accepting that material due to cutbacks in operation. An
overview of the current markets being accessed by recyclables processors in the Spokane area
is shown in Exhibit 5-8.
EXHIBIT 5-$
Markets for Rec clables
Material Market
Newspaper Local newsprint mill
Spokane area insulation companies
Other Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia pulp and paper mills
Pacific Rim paper mills
Cardboard Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia paper mills
Pacific Rim paper mills
High Grade Washington and Oregon mills(tissue, linerboard); British Columbia paper mills
Pacific Rim paper mills
Mixed Paper Oregon mill (chipboard)
Washington and British Columbia paper mills\Pacific Rim paper mills
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-31
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
EXHIBIT 5-$
Markets for Rec clables
Material Market
Glass Containers Portland, Oregon, and Washington bottle plants/manufacturers
Canadian glass and fiberglass plants
Refillable Bottles Northwest breweries
Plastic U.S. and Canadian resin reclaimers and manufacturers
Pacific Rim reclaimers and manufacturers
Scrap Metals
Steel cans Seattle, Washington detinning plant
Canadian steel mills
Pacific Rim steel mills
Aluminum cans Aluminum reprocessing mills, Colorado, Idaho, Tennessee
Ferrous metals Aluminum reprocessing mills, Colorado, Idaho, Tennessee
Nonferrous metals Steel mills in Washington, Oregon
Canadian steel mills
Pacific Rim steel mills
Mills in California, Washington, the Midwest
Canadian smelters
Pacific Rim smelters
Yard Waste Royal Organic Products, Washington
5.4.1.1 Summary of Recycled Commodities
Exhibit 5-9 provides 2004 estimates of materials diverted from the waste stream in Spokane
County. The estimates indicate recycling rates for major commodity groups: paper, plastics,
glass, ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, organics, construction debris, other wastes,
hazardous materials and special wastes. In 2004, an estimated 44 percent of Spokane
County's waste was removed from final disposal through recycling.
5.4.2 Emerging Recycling Programs
5.4.2.1 Electronic Waste Recycling Program
Electronic waste refers to discarded computers, monitors, printers, fax machines, cell phones,
electronic cables, and other electronic products. The 2006 Washington State Legislature
passed Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 6428 establishing an electronic product recycling
law for the state. The law requires manufacturers of electronic products to provide
consumer-convenient recycling services throughout the state no later than January 1, 2009.
These services are to be provided to households, small businesses, small local governments,
charities and school districts. Electronic products that are included are televisions,
computers, computer monitors and laptop and portable computers. The Department of
Ecology is writing rules to implement the new law. The System is monitoring the rule
making process, which will determine manufacturers' level of involvement with local
jurisdictions in the collection and end processing of the materials. Updated information on
the law and rules are on Ecology's Electronic Waste webpage http://www.ecv.wa.�ov/
pro�rams/swfa/eproductrecvcle/. Exhibit 5-7lists the business locations that accept and
recycle or reuse electronic materials.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-32
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
ExHisir 5-9
Source: Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, 2004 Annual Report, 2005
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-33
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
As the production and use of electronic products continues to grow, the challenge of recovery
and disposal is becoming significant. Computer monitors and older TV picture tubes contain
an average of 4 pounds of lead and require special handling at the end of their lives. In
addition to lead, electronics can contain chromium, cadmium, mercury, beryllium, nickel,
zinc, and brominated flame retardants.'
Strong environmental and economic benefits are generated from electronics recycling
initiatives:
• Conservation of disposal resources.
• Recovery and reuse of valuable recyclable materials.
• Increase to local jobs and tax base through new or expanded recycling business activities
from collection to reconditioning or deconstruction.
• Utilization of previously unused or underutilized warehouse and manufacturing sites.
• Containment of hazardous material releases from inappropriately disposed electronics
here and abroad.
While end-of-life electronics" currently comprise only a small amount of the municipal waste
stream, that percentage is expected to grow dramatically in the next few years. The average
life span of a personal computer is currently about 2 to 3 years. Electronics that break are
often are not repaired due to the relatively low price of replacement equipment. When the
equipment breaks or becomes obsolete, it is commonly discarded. Many state and local
government agencies are concerned about how to ensure proper management of older
electronic equipment.
5.5 Key Issues
5.5.1 Designation of Recyclable Materials
The 1999 planning guidelines issued by the Department of Ecology require planning
jurisdictions to designate certain recyclables for inclusion in public recycling programs. The
guidelines require that solid waste management plans identify and apply criteria for
evaluating various commodities to determine which recyclables can be efficiently and
economically collected and marketed.
Recyclable commodities in Spokane County are shown in Appendix G. This list will be
considered the designated recyclables for the purpose of ineeting the Department of
Ecology's planning guidelines.
The addition or deletion of materials accepted for recycling will require ongoing evaluation
and will be based on several factors such as market stability, and collection and processing
costs. As required by the planning guidelines, criteria should be developed for adding or
removing materials from the above list of materials. To allow for maximum flexibility
changes in the process or criteria for establishing designated recyclable materials will not
require a Plan amendment.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-34
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
Considerations for adding new materials will include:
• Local markets and/or brokers expand their list of acceptable items based on new uses for
materials or technologies that increase demand.
• New local or regional processing or demand for a given material occurs.
• Sufficient quantity of the material is available in the waste stream.
• The material can be collected efficiently and has minimal processing requirements.
• The material has been legislatively mandated to recycle or divert from disposal.
• The material meets Ecology's definition of a recyclable commodity.
• Other conditions not anticipated at this time.
Considerations for removing materials will include:
• The costs to collect, process, and/or ship to recycling markets outweigh the operational or
resource management benefits of diverting the material from disposal.
• No market can be found for an existing recyclable material, causing the material to be
stockpiled with no apparent solution in the near future.
• Its addition back into the disposal stream does not adversely affect long-term disposal
capacity, costs, operations or infrastructure.
• Other conditions not anticipated at this time.
It is unlikely that any existing recyclables would be removed from the current collection
program barring a sudden shift in market conditions. It is more likely that additional markets
might become available for materials not currently recycled.
The process for including or deleting materials from the Designation of Recyclable Materials
is as follows:
• SWAC will be the reviewing committee to recommend the addition or removal of
materials from the Designation of Recyclable Materials. Parties interested in adding or
removing materials from the Designation of Recyclable Materials will solicit the chair of
SWAC to make a presentation to the committee.
5.5.2 Service Level Designation
The planning guidelines recognize that there are differences in the services that can be
offered to urban versus rural areas for solid waste services. The guidelines require solid
waste management plans to identify urban/rural service areas for the purpose of determining:
• Required recycling programs for single and multi-family residences.
• Voluntary services for rural areas such as conveniently located drop-off boxes and buy-
back centers.
• This Plan uses the following designations to determine the level of services provided to
residents:
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-35
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
— Level 1 -A housing density equal to 3.5 dwellings per acre or are within a contiguous
area with a population of 10,000 or more. Weekly recyclables collection is provided
to residents.
— Leve12 -A housing density of less than 3.5 dwellings per acre or are within a
contiguous area with a population of less than 10,000. Collection of recyclables may
be available/drop-off facilities are available.
5.5.3 Composting
The planning guidelines require yard waste collection programs where there are "adequate
markets or capacity for composted yard waste within or near the service area to consume the
majority of the material collected." The State has established a goal to eliminate yard debris
from disposal by 2012 in those areas where alternatives exist.
In 2004, Spokane County diverted 45,900 tons of yard waste from disposal by using a private
composting facility. Based on the waste flow analysis conducted for the 2009 Plan Update,
this equates to approximately 42%percent of the amount of yard waste generated in the
region.
The System actively promotes backyard composting as a waste reduction method. However,
not all residents have the ability or desire to compost their yard waste at home. For those
residents, collection services or drop-off options are important.
5.6 Alternatives
Residential
1. Continue to strive to satisfy the State's priorities for recycling.
2. Periodically evaluate existing recycling programs to determine the feasibility of adding
new materials or removing materials that are no longer economically feasible to collect.
3. Monitor public education efforts to maintain the current success as well as increase the
amounts of materials diverted for recycling and composting.
4. Monitor and respond to Washington's electronic waste recycling law ESSB 6428.
5. Assess multistream recycling collection systems.
6. Expand voluntary curbside or drop-off collection of recyclables to rural areas.
7. Evaluate front-end processing of waste to improve recovery of material prior to
incineration.
8. Evaluate the current residential recycling system for potential improvements that will
increase diversion at the lowest cost with the highest effectiveness.
9. Explore technology to distill all plastics together for recycling.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-36
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
Commercial Recycling
10. Continue to support and encourage private efforts to divert recyclable materials from
commercial sources.
11. Continue to encourage non-residential recycling through local ordinances, policies,
procedures, incentives, technical assistance, and recognition programs.
12. Encourage food waste management by the commercial sector.
13. Establish a Recycling Market Development Zone in Spokane County.
14. Establish a Resource Recovery Zone in Spokane County.
Composting
15. Expand yard waste collection efforts.
16. Build a local facility for municipal compost.
Public Recycling
17. Provide recycling at public venues and events.
18. Provide centralized neighborhood recycling bins.
5.6.1 Residential Recycling
1. Continue to strive to satisfy the State's priorities for recycling.
Washington State's goal is to achieve a statewide recycling and composting rate of 50 percent
by 2007. In 2004, the State recycling rate achieved was 42 percent. The State's recycling
rate is based on municipal solid waste as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency
and includes durable goods, nondurable goods, containers and packaging, food wastes, and
yard trimmings. It does not include industrial waste, inert debris, asbestos, biosolids,
petroleum contaminated soils or construction, demolition, and landclearing debris disposed
of at municipal solid waste disposal facilities."'
Ecology also calculates a diversion rate by measuring non-MSW recyclables that are diverted
from disposal such as asphalt, concrete, and construction, demolition, and landclearing
debris. The tonnages for these materials are combined with recycled MSW tonnages for a
total diversion rate.'° This rate for Washington State was 48 percent in 2004.
The System has had 21 years of experience in implementing a recycling program to meet the
requirements of RCW 70.95 and the State's recycling goals. The System achieved a 44
percent recycling rate in 2004, up from 43 percent in 1998, with an average recycling rate of
41 percent since 1993. This rate was achieved through the combined efforts of solid waste
haulers, recycling businesses, the County, cities and towns, military base, and the System.
Even though the program has grown considerably, there is still opportunity for continued
growth.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-37
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
Though a recycling rate goal has not been established for this plan, the System should
continue to monitor recycling and diversion progress as a means to measure effectiveness of
recycling programs.
2. Periodically evaluate existing recycling programs to determine the feasibility of adding new
materials or removing materials that are no longer economically feasible to collect.
Presently, the drop-off centers operated by the System do not offer collection for high-grade
paper, computer paper, or mixed paper. The collection of mixed paper(a clean, sorted
mixture of various qualities of paper—containing less than 10 percent of groundwood
content)° could be considered for collection at drop-off centers, since it is a stream that is
typically available from residences and it easy to explain to users. It also typically accounts
for a large segment of the residential paper stream.
Mixed paper generally includes the following:
• Household papers, including junk mail and office paper(may not be contaminated with
food or moisture).
• Chip board or boxboard (cereal boxes).
• Magazines and catalogs.
• Phone books.
The particular"mix" chosen for the System will depend primarily on agreements with local
brokers or markets. Both the end product and the technology that a mill uses determine what
types of paper it can use.
The costs to the System for collecting these materials would be the costs for drop-off
containers, with additional costs for administration, education and outreach, and labor.
3. Monitor public education efforts to maintain the current success as well as increase the
amounts of materials diverted for recycling and composting.
The results of the waste composition study provided an indication of the amount of
recyclables still being disposed. Based on the results, current education programs should be
examined and messages updated to target currently collected recyclable materials being
disposed by residents (see Waste Flow Analysis, Section 2).
4. Monitor and respond to Washington's electronic waste recycling law ESSB 6428.
The past decade has seen swift growth in the manufacture and sale of consumer electronic
products. Advances in technology have led to better, smaller, cheaper products. Industry
analysts give every indication that the trend toward rapid introduction of new electronic
products will continue.
The passage in 2006 of Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 6428 establishing an electronic
product recycling law for Washington State will impact on the role the System will have in
the recovery of electronics in the future. Draft rules were released November 2007.
Manufacturers will involve local jurisdictions, businesses, and nonprofits in the recycling
plans. Manufacturers are encouraged to use local collection, storage, and recycling
infrastructure, but ultimately their choices will depend on cost, efficiency, and quality
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-38
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
standards. The law has requirements for both manufacturers and local government to be
responsible for education about the program. There may also be a role for the System to
promote or provide recycling programs for other electronics not covered in ESSB 6428 such
as cell phones, printers and peripherals, and equipment such as CD players, VCR's, and
audio equipment.
5. Assess multistream recycling collection systems.
Many curbside programs in the State are implementing multistream collection systems in an
effort to reduce collection costs and increase collection of recyclables. Under this approach,
commingled recyclables are placed into one or two containers. Recyclables are then sorted
after delivery to a material recovery facility ("clean" MRF).
Some evidence suggests that the convenience of not having to sort recyclables leads to
increased participation by residents. Some studies note, however, that container capacity, not
less sorting is the significant factor in determining the amount of materials set out at the
curb.
Because collecting recyclables is the curbside recycling hauler's biggest expense, gathering
materials in one container, instead of several, leads to lower collection costs. Some
communities have had capital costs for buying new carts. Lowered collection costs, however,
can be negated by increased processing costs and, if necessary, the cost for building a MRF to
sort the recyclables. Capital and operations costs for a clean MRF vary depending on the
level of technology used at the facility but typically fall in the range of$10,000 to $22,000
per ton of daily capacity. Operations and maintenance costs can range from $20 to $60 per
ton, exclusive of revenues gained from marketing recycled materials.
Problems that arise with this form of collection include:
• Contamination resulting from more non-recyclable materials being put into the recycling
carts. A study of 70 multistream facilities found an average"residue percent" of 16.6 for
multistream, compared to 4.3 for source-separated collection systems.°'
• Cross contamination between grades and types of recyclable materials.
• Recycling processors experience an increase in maintenance and repair costs to their
equipment due to damage from contaminants.
Glass contamination is a major contributing factor to the problems noted above from
materials produced from multistream collection that commingles glass with the other
commodities. In many instances, this issue can be remedied by removing glass from
collection or collecting glass separately or through drop off programs. In the City and County
of Spokane however it is desirable to recycle glass as it is much less expensive to recycle this
material than to dispose of it through the WTE facility. Glass also presents operational
problems during the incineration process.
The Department of Ecology noted that the multistream trend was particularly evident in the
state in 2003 as new sorting facilities and procedures were put into operation.°" In most
cases, programs that changed to commingled collection also increased the range of materials
collected. Compared to source-separated collection programs, the multistream programs
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-39
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
showed increases of about 10 percent in the volume of material collected.°"' However,
Ecology noted that this practice was producing mixed results where end markets are
concerned. Reports from mills are showing that the contamination from these programs can
be so great as to reduce the usable amount of material by up to 15 percent.'X Contaminates
are often sent to disposal facilities outside of the jurisdiction's disposal system.
The Department of Ecology, in conjunction with local governments, has outlined the issue in
a considerations document entitled "Single Stream Versus Source Separation: Considerations
Document for Local Government."X
6. Expand voluntary curbside or drop-off collection of recyclables to rural areas.
In the unincorporated areas of the county, residential recycling collection is not available.
Residents may choose to self-haul their recyclables to a drop-off location, but those are often
not conveniently located nearby.
The collection and transportation of recyclable materials from single-family and multifamily
residences is regulated under RCW 81.77 and RCW 36.58. Under these statutes, counties
have the authority to directly regulate the collection of source-separated recyclable materials.
There are two primary mechanisms available to Spokane County to provide recyclables
collection in unincorporated areas:
• Counties may contract with private vendors to provide recycling services to residences.
Counties that choose this option assign service territory, establish and enforce service
standards, and set rates.
• Counties may notify the WUTC to implement the provisions of a recycling element of a
comprehensive solid waste management plan. If a county chooses this option, the
WUTC-regulated haulers will provide the recycling services specified in the solid waste
plan, but under the economic and service regulation of the WUTC. To pursue this option,
the County is required to adopt a service-level ordinance establishing the types and levels
of service to be provided. Additionally, the ordinance can encourage rate structures that
promote waste reduction and recycling activity. Prior to adoption, a service-level
ordinance option needs to be included as part of a county's solid waste management plan.
Spokane County uses the latter mechanism. County staff could investigate further the
possibility of providing collection for recyclables, particularly in areas that are increasing in
population density and for those county residents currently receiving residential trash
collection. Self-haul options could still be made available for residents not choosing
collection services.
Access to recycling services is also limited in several of the smaller rural cities. The towns of
Fairf'ield, Latah, Rockford, and Waverly have neither curbside recycling collection nor in-
town recycling drop off facilities. These towns have chosen to default to the County's
service levels. Each town could contract with a private recycler to provide a collection
container for recyclables similar to the City of Spangle.
System staff should establish a committee made up of rural area and small outlying cities and
towns' citizens, System staff, County staff and industry representatives to evaluate design,
cost and logistics of a rural area recycling program. This program could take many forms,
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-40
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
such as strategically located compartmentalized drop boxes or community recycling
collection events on specific days.
7. Evaluate front-end processing of waste to improve recovery of material prior to
incineration.
A front-end processing facility, using a combination of manual and mechanical sorting,
would allow the removal of non-separated recyclables and bulky, non-combustible materials
from the waste stream. This facility would essentially operate as a"dirty" MRF.
For a typical front-end processing facility, mixed waste is dumped on the tipping floor and
pushed onto a below-ground conveyor by a front-end loader.
Usually, residential waste must go through a bag-breaking operation. Screening drums or
other special equipment such as air classification units are used to separate the mixed waste
stream generally into size classifications: an undersize stream (fine particles and aggregate
materials) and an oversize stream that contains recyclables and other large objects.
Ferrous metal is typically removed by an overhead electromagnetic separator. After passing
through the magnet, the remaining waste often proceeds onto hand sorting conveyors. These
are elevated, slow-moving conveyors that allow sorters to select recyclables and drop them
into chutes leading to storage bunkers or processing equipment. Hand-sorting can be reduced
or eliminated by using a high level of inechanical technology and by limiting the scope of
commodities recovered.
The remaining waste can be further processed as a means to reduce the incinerator's air
emissions (for example a trommel screen to remove items such as button batteries) or to
reduce facility maintenance. After final processing, remaining wastes are diverted back to the
tipping floor for combustion.
Capital costs for such a facility are variable and dependent on the level of inechanization and
sophistication of the facility. A typical capital cost range is $20,000 to $30,000 per ton of
daily capacity. Operations and maintenance costs typically range from $40 to $60 per ton of
waste processed.
Similar to clean MRF's, contamination of recyclables can be a problem resulting in lower
quality recyclables which are more difficult to market.
8. Evaluate the current residential recycling system for potential improvements that will
increase diversion at the lowest cost with the highest effectiveness.
There is no"one" representative curbside recycling program; curbside programs vary greatly
from community to community. A recent industry survey of municipal officials that operate
curbside recycling programs conducted by the Aluminum Can Council found that:X'
• 68 percent of curbside programs pick up materials on a weekly basis, with most of the
rest picking up every other week.
• 41 percent of recycling collection programs are single stream, and 22 percent are dual
stream.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-41
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
• The average participation rate (measured by set-out rate and reported by those with access
to this information)is 58 percent.
• Two in ten communities expect to increase bin size in the near future.
• Approximately two in ten communities expect to change their programs to become either
dual-stream (from a larger sort) or single-stream.
One trend that this survey highlights is that curbside recycling programs continue to change
to improve efficiency and increase participation.
Spokane could also evaluate the current curbside program to look for opportunities to
increase the quantity of recyclables collected with a minimum increase in the unit cost per ton
or cost per household. Increases in diversion can be achieved by:
• Increasing the number of households served by curbside collection.
• Increasing the quantity of recyclables collected from households already served with
curbside collection. This can be accomplished by increasing participation frequency and
quality of participation (i.e., increasing capture and decreasing contamination).
• Implementing programs that either reward residents or penalize them.
• Increasing the size of the collection container to allow for more recyclables.
To keep costs from increasing requires a balance between changing household behaviors and
increasing operational efficiencies. Operational efficiency is influenced by factors such as:
• Type of collection.
• Vehicle capacity (weight and volume).
• Productive time (time spent collecting versus driving/unloading).
• Physical properties of the targeted materials (determines whether vehicles meet weight or
volume limitations).
• The collection container/method used to set out the materials.
A study undertaken by the City of St. Paul, Minnesota assessed recycling collection.X" Five
collection methods were tested in different neighborhoods for a 4-month period and included
components for education, sorting methods, types of containers used, pickup frequency, and
addition of new materials. After measuring the costs, convenience, and environmental
impacts, a recycling program was recommended. While the resulting recycling program
developed for the City of St. Paul may not be suitable for Spokane, the methodology used by
the study could be used as a starting point for evaluating options.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-42
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
9. Explore alternative technologies for recycling commodities, such as distilling all plastics
together for recycling.
5.6.2 Commercial Recycling
10. Continue to support and encourage private efforts to divert recyclable materials from
commercial sources.
Economic incentives often provide impetus for businesses to recycle their waste as a means
to reduce disposal costs. Businesses should be encouraged to avail themselves of private
sector recycling collection opportunities through continued educational programs. There are
several Chambers of Commerce in the County that can provide to new businesses locating to
the region information about what materials are recycled in the area and who are the
businesses to contact for service.
11. Continue to encourage non-residential recycling through local ordinances, policies,
procedures, incentives, technical assistance, and recognition programs.
Many industry associations have taken on the role of promoting recycling within their
industries. This is particularly true for large businesses where waste reduction and recycling
provide opportunities to reduce overhead costs. It is often the smaller businesses that may
lack information about opportunities and the role recycling may play in reducing disposal
costs.
The Waste Reduction Assessment Program (WRAP)technical assistance visits should
continue providing information on recycling opportunities that are not being used by the
business.
Awards and public recognition can be used to increase motivation for businesses to recycle
waste. Ecology offers awards through the Terry Husseman School Awards and the
Environmental Excellence Award. Many communities publicly recognize and reward local
businesses and organizations for their environmental achievements. For example, the System
could host special events, publish case studies, and help businesses and organizations attract
positive press.
12. Encourage food waste management by the commercial sector.
Many restaurants, institutions, supermarkets, and food suppliers often have leftover food,
which can be a good candidate for diversion to meet the State's recycling goals as well as
provide greater uses for this resource. Food waste accounts for 15 percent of the region's
waste disposed. Food waste is often characterized as"pre-consumer" or"post-consumer."
Pre-consumer food waste typically is generated as a result of commercial/industrial food
production or preparation for consumption. Post-consumer food has been served to
consumers and is not recoverable for human consumption.
There are several businesses in Spokane County that report food waste and rendering
tonnages in their annual recycling survey to Ecology, but other than food bank activities,
there is currently no structured food waste management program or food composting
operation. The suggested order for management of food waste is: (1)food donation; (2)
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-43
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
convert to animal feed and/or rendering; and (3) compost. Local establishments should be
encouraged, through educational efforts, to follow this hierarchy when possible. Local
haulers could also be encouraged to offer food waste collection services to commercial
customers.
• Food Donation: Food that is not wanted and in edible condition may be donated to a food
bank. This can include excess food prepared at a restaurant, excess produce or bread
from a supermarket, or packaged food that may be about to expire. Food banks typically
set standards to guarantee food safety.
• Animal Feed: Food waste may be used as a source of nutrition for animals. Food waste
can either be processed minimally and fed to animals or fully processed to remove excess
moisture and condensed into small pellets. For this to be a viable option, the food waste
must be free of contaminants such as plastics, beverage containers, straws, and utensils.
• Rendering: Rendering companies process animal by-products into saleable commodities.
Grease, fats, and oils from restaurants are common by-products collected and processed.
Many companies also will accept meat, fat, bone, and carcasses.
• Compost: Food waste that is not fit for food donation or consumption by animals can be
suitable for composting. Food wastes require proper source-separation and proper
containers to deter odors prior to collection. Again, the waste must be free from plastic,
glass, and other contaminants. Food can be collected and sent to a composting facility
generally as part of a separate collection route, as well as composted on-site with
commercially available vessels.
13. Establish a Recycling Market Development Zone in Spokane County.
Spokane County could consider a"Recycling Market Development Zone" as a means to
attract businesses that manufacture products using waste materials, and also create jobs and
tax revenue for the region, by offering profitable incentives to those manufacturers. Such a
program could be modeled after that used in California.
The California lntegrated Waste Management Board's (CIWMB)Recycling Market
Development Zone program combines recycling with economic development to fuel new
businesses, expand existing ones, create jobs, and divert waste from landfills. This program
provides low-interest loans, technical assistance, and free product marketing to businesses
that: (1)process secondary materials or use materials from the waste stream to manufacture
their products; and (2) are located in one of the specially designated geographical zones
throughout California. These designated zones cover roughly 71,790 square miles of
California from the Oregon border to San Diego.X"'
Assistance offered by the CIWMB includes:
• Loans: The purpose of these loans is to promote market development for waste materials.
CIWMB funds up to 75 percent of the startup costs, up to $2 million per business, for
qualified recycling-based businesses (one that manufactures a recycled content product).
• Technical Assistance: Businesses are provided information on sources of secondary
materials and processes, markets, technology, and useful organizations.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-44
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
• Marketing Support: In addition to a state-wide buy recycled directory, the CIWMB
operates an online "RecycleStore" to showcase innovative recycled-content products.
Assistance is provided by local zone administrators and the Board's Referral Team.
Additional local government incentives, which vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, may
include:
• Less stringent building codes and zoning laws;
• Streamlined local permit processes and siting assistance; and
• Reduced taxes and licensing.
Companies that have used the Recycling Market Development Zone program include a
nonprofit e-waste recycler, an organic material recycler, a vermiculture and vermicomposting
operation (using worms), a tire recycling business, and a construction and demolition debris
hauling and recycling firm.
14. Establish a Resource Recovery Park.
Spokane County could investigate the feasibility of establishing a Resource Recovery Park to
attract reuse, recycling, and/or composting businesses. Such a development demonstrates a
commitment and support for these businesses.
A Resource Recovery (RR)Park combines unique waste reduction and recycling concepts
with traditional industrial park development. It is essentially the co-location of reuse,
recycling, compost processing, manufacturing and retail businesses in a central facility. The
public can bring all their wastes and recoverable materials to this facility at one time; recover
some value from their discards; and also purchase innovative reused, recycled, or composted
products. The park can serve as an incubator for businesses that reuse, repair, recycle, and
compost materials diverted from the waste stream.
There is no definitive recipe or system for building RR Parks -the concept is still evolving.
Examples of RR Parks highlighted in a case study by the CIWMB include: Cabazon
Resource Recovery Park(Mecca, CA), Monterey Regional Environmental Park(Marina,
CA), Urban Ore Resource Recovery Park(Berkely, CA) and Waste Management, Inc.
Resource Recovery Park(San Leandro, CA).X'°
Generally, RR Parks operate on the cluster principle -the idea that similar businesses
developing in a given location mutually benefit one another, such as those found in a typical
shopping mall. There, specialized vendors of all sizes offer goods and services to crowds of
customers. If run as isolated businesses, most of these enterprises would fail. But within the
managed competition and cooperation of the mall environment, they thrive.
Potential companies that might locate in an RR Park include:
• Reuse: Drop-off or buyback center, salvage, repair, rehabilitation, refinish, rent,
restoration, food banks, and retail sales for reuse items. These could include white goods
(washers, dryers, refrigerators), brown goods (e.g., computers, TVs, electronics, and other
small appliances), furniture, clothing and latex paint. Companies might include: an
electronics repair shop, a household appliance store, a reused furniture store, vintage
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-45
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
clothing and consignment shop, a household item thrift shop, a stove and porcelain
refinisher, an antique restoration firm, and an eco-artist.
• Recycling: Drop-off, buyback, material recovery facilities, and manufacturing facilities
for recyclable materials including paper, containers (glass, plastic and metal), textiles,
scrap metals, plastics and tires.
• Organics: Collection and processing services for yard trimmings, food scraps, food-
contaminated paper, wood, soils, and other putrescibles.
• C&D: Businesses collecting and processing construction and demolition (C&D) debris,
deconstruction or dismantling, used building materials (e.g., scrap lumber, doors,
windows, plumbing fixtures, and ceramics), concrete and asphalt recycling, and
processors of roofing materials, bricks, and mixed demolition debris.
RR Parks can be developed through:X°
• Zoning of a district within a community specifically for such businesses.
• Siting of these businesses on or around a landfill or a transfer station.
• Renovating one or more abandoned buildings or industrial site (e.g., brownfield or
military base for such businesses.
• Co-Promoting of nearby reuse, recycling and composting businesses.
• Master Plan to attract these types of businesses to an available site (like an auto mall).
The first steps Spokane County should undertake in exploring the development of a RR Park
include:�"'
• Identify target wastes.
• Explore interest of local reuse, recycling, composting or recycled product businesses in
expanding and/or participating in a RR Park.
• Identify other types of businesses that could be attracted to a RR Park to address targeted
wastes.
• Identify estimated throughputs of materials and preliminary estimates of economics for
proposed businesses.
• Identify policies and processes on how to respond to proposals to participate in the
project(e.g., from recycling companies).
• Identify administrative structure, next steps to implement project, public and private
roles, budget and timeline to accomplish.
• Identify policies and master plan to adopt locally in support of RR Park concept.
• Contact others who have developed or are developing RR Parks to learn how they
approached this.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-46
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
In summary, RR Parks conserve natural resources by processing and releasing materials back
into the community, foster recycling market development, create local jobs and economic
development, and lead to reduced costs for waste disposal.
5.6.3 Composting
15. Expand yard waste collection efforts.
The collection of yard waste still offers large diversion potential of urban and rural residential
wastes. Collection services are offered in certain areas of the County, if requested by the
homeowner. Residents should be encouraged to avail themselves of these services where
available.
With the expansion of no-burn areas into the rural portions of the County, there is a need for
expanded yard waste collection efforts.
System staff should establish a committee made up of rural area citizens and city staff,
System staff, County staff, and industry representatives to evaluate design, cost, and logistics
of a rural yard waste recycling program. SCAPCA and Ecology grants should also be
solicited to fund these efforts.
16. Build a local facility for municipal compost
There is currently one local compost facility in Spokane County, operated by the City of
Cheney for their residents as part of their biosolids management program. With proper
permitting any private operator could build and operate a local compost facility.
5.6.4 Public Recycling
17. Provide recycling at public venues
As the purchase of Code 1 PET plastic water, sport drinks and soda has increased, so has the
behavior of taking these containers to public parks and event venues. These products are
increasingly consumed in public places events rather than at home, there needs to be better
access to recycling options at public places and events. The System should develop and
distribute education material to businesses and sport and public venue organizations to
support the recovery of recyclable material in public places and public events. The System
could also loan public event recycling containers to organizations to encourage them to
recover recyclables at their business or event.
18. Provide centralized neighborhood recycling bins.
Providing centralized neighborhood recycling containers would reduce collection costs for
recycling containers. Contamination would be an issue, similar to contamination problems
with multi-family recycling, where a small amount of contaminates can cause the entire
container to be rejected and disposed.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-47
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
5.7 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. Evaluations and comparisons of the recycling and composting
alternatives discussed above leads this Plan to recommend implementing a progressive but
monitored approach to recycling and composting activities. This approach will provide for
continued progress toward meeting Washington State's 50 percent recycling goal, while
maintaining a sustainable balance of costs and benefits to Spokane County residents and
businesses. Some of the alternatives have been modified to allow for further assessment or
monitoring of an issue before implementation. This was because the issue was either not
fully supported by SWAC members, or SWAC did not have enough knowledge of the issue
to warrant implementation without further study. An estimated timeframe for
implementation of each recommendation is listed in Section 14, Implementation. Those
alternatives that did not move forward as a recommendation were generally unsupported by
SWAC and the public input process.
The Plan supports the region's efforts in recovering recyclable material from the solid waste
stream and endorses the recycling priorities and goals established by the State of Washington.
The Plan encourages an increased use of inetrics to provide the necessary fact-based feedback
upon which continued improvement can occur and recommends regular, recurring evaluation
of existing recycling programs to determine the feasibility of adding new materials or
removing materials that are not economically feasible to recycle.
However, it should be recognized that there could be a lower net cost to recovering recyclable
materials and paying for their reentry into the commodities market or utilizing them in
another beneficial application than it would be to dispose of them as a solid waste.
The Plan recommends continued examination of established residential recycling methods in
the interest of increasing the amount of recyclable materials that is kept out of the waste
stream and expanding the opportunity for greater participation in curbside or drop-off
collection, particularly in rural areas. Simplicity is often the key to successful public
participation in any substantive program. Therefore, modified alternative collection systems
should be further examined as a potential means to increase residential recycling rates for
both urban and rural areas.
The Plan recommends continued promotion of private efforts to further divert recyclable
materials from commercial sources. Under RCW 70.95.020(7): "It is the intent of the
legislature that local government be encouraged to use the expertise of private industry and to
contract with private industry to the fullest extent possible to carry out solid waste recovery
and recycling programs." Given this legislative intent, the System will encourage private
sector solutions to present and future recycling and waste reduction challenges in Spokane
County, including the incorporated entities that are signatories to the Plan. Contracted
recycling should be considered either in lieu of or in addition to public recycling collection
programs. Both public institutions and private enterprises could increase recycling through
the establishment of a food-waste recycling program. Additionally, large public events and
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-48
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
special venues should offer greater opportunities for recycling through increased and more
convenient placement of containers for collection.
Residential Recycling
1. Continue to strive to satisfy the State's priorities for recycling.
2. Periodically evaluate existing recycling programs to determine the feasibility of adding
new materials or removing materials that are no longer economically feasible to collect.
3. Monitor and improve public education efforts to maintain the current success as well as
increase the amounts of materials diverted for recycling and composting.
4. Monitor and respond to Washington's electronic waste recycling law ESSB 6428.
5. Perform study on costs and benefits of multi-stream and other curbside recycling
systems. Use results to determine feasibility of changing curbside recycling systems from
current three-sort system.
6. Assess voluntary curbside or drop-off recycling collection programs in rural areas.
Provide results to collectors and rural jurisdictions.
8. Evaluate the current residential recycling system for potential improvements that will
increase diversion at the lowest cost with the highest effectiveness.
Commercial Recycling
10. Continue to support and encourage private efforts to divert recyclable materials from
commercial sources.
11. Continue to encourage non-residential recycling through local ordinances, policies,
procedures, incentives, technical assistance, and recognition programs.
12. Encourage food waste management by the commercial sector.
Composting
15. Expand yard waste collection efforts, including construction of a local compost facility
or other yard debris management systems.
Public Recycling
17. Develop program to facilitate recycling at public venues and events.
' Product Stewardship Institute. Principles of Product Stewardship. December 2002. Available at
www.productstewardship.us.
" product Stewardship Institute. The Collection and Recycling of Used Computers Using a Reverse
Distribution System: A Pilot Project with Staples,Inc.,June 2005.
"' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines. Available at
www.epa.�ov/c�g.
'° U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. More information available at�v�v�v.epa.�ov/o�ptintr/e�p.
" Alameda County Waste Management Authority. More information available at�v�v�v.stopwaste.arg.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-49
SECTION 5 RECYCLING
� Solid Waste in Washington State Thirteenth Annual Status Report, Washington Department of Ecology,
December 2004.
" Ibid.
' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. More information available at
www.epa.�ov/epaoswer/hazwaste/rec, cr�,r��/index.htm.
" End-of-life Electronic Products are either obsolete for their intended purpose or are no longer useful by the
current user and lack any significant market value as an operational unit. Definition used by the Institute of
Scrap Recycling Industries,Inc.
"' Solid Waste in Washington State--Thirteenth Annual Status Report, Washington Department of Ecology,
December 2004.
'" Ibid.
" Scrap Specifications Circular,Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries,2005.
°' Single Stream: An Investigation into the Interaction between Single Stream Recycling Collection Systems
and Recycled PaperManufacturing, Sonoma County Waste Management Agency,March 2003.
°" Solid Waste in Washington: Thirteenth Annual Status Report,Department of Ecology, Solid Waste and
Financial Assistance Program,December 2004.
""' Ibid.
'X Ibid.
X 2004: This document is available by contacting Emma Johnson of Ecology's northwest regional office, at
(425)649-7266,or by e-mail ejoh461�ecy.wa.gov.
X' Curbside Value Partnership,Lessons Learned About Improving Curbside Recycling. Available at
http://www.recyclecurbside.org.
X" Eureka! Recycling,A Comparative Analysis of Applied Collection Methods in Saint Paul,May 2002.
Available at http://www.eurekarec,r��g.
X"' More information available at http://www.ciwmb.ca.�ov/RMDZ.
X'° More information available at http://www.ciwmb.ca.�ov/1 li� brary/innovations/recoverypark/default.htm.
X" Source: http://www.epa.�ov/epaoswer/non-hw/rec,r�/jtr/topics/liss.htm.
X"' Ibid.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 5-50
SECTION 6
Solid Waste Collection
6.1 Introduction
Solid waste collection and transfer operations in Spokane County are coordinated with all
elements and priorities of the Plan, including waste reduction and recycling (see Sections 4
and 5). Spokane County's goal is to"provide for efficient collection and transfer of
municipal solid waste (MSW) and recyclables," with the following objectives:
• Ensure access to collection services for residences, businesses, and industry.
• Locate recycling facilities and System transfer stations to optimize service levels and
transportation efficiencies.
• Recycle prior to WTE processing or landfill disposal.
• Encourage competition to reduce costs of collection and processing.
6.2 Existing Conditions
6.2.1 Legal Authority
The Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC), municipalities within
Spokane County, and the Air Force share legal authority for solid waste collection within the
boundaries of Spokane County.
6.2.1.1 Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission Authority
RCW 81.77 gives the WUTC authority to supervise and regulate private solid waste
collection companies operating in unincorporated areas of the county. These collectors are
issued Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity by the WUTC. Certificate holders
have the exclusive right to collect specified types of solid waste (for example, solid waste or
residential recyclables), within their certificated collection service area. In some places, the
certificated areas may overlap for one or more types of collection. If a WUTGcertificated
collector does not adequately serve its certificated area, a potential competitor may petition
the WUTC for the right to serve that area. As a condition of holding a certificate, RCW
81.77.030 requires WUTGcertificated collectors to comply with conditions specified in the
County Solid Waste Management Plan and related implementation ordinances. Additionally,
the WUTC requires certificate holders to use WUTC rate structures and billing systems, and
to provide collection and recycling services specified in the current Plan.
6.2.1.2 Spokane County Authority
RCW 36.58 requires counties to establish a system of solid waste disposal. Under Chapter
36.58A, counties may establish solid waste collection districts in unincorporated areas for the
mandatory collection of solid waste.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-1
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
Counties also may adopt regulations and ordinances governing the transportation, storage,
and processing of solid waste, and establish bans or limitations on the disposal of certain
materials.
RCW 36.58.040 states that counties may, "by ordinance, award a contract for collection of
source separated recyclables from residences within unincorporated areas." If a county
chooses this option, it"has complete authority to manage, regulate, and fix the price of the
source separated recyclable collection service." Alternatively, a county may allow the
WUTC "to carry out and implement the provisions of the waste reduction and recycling
element of the approved County SWMP." RCW 36.58 also authorizes the County
Commission to impose a fee to fund administration and planning expenses incurred in
complying with the requirements of RCW 70.95.090.
RCW 70.95.160 provides for the establishment of minimum levels and types of service for
any aspect of solid waste handling. In accordance with RCW 70.95.160, the Spokane
Regional Health District updated the County's solid waste handling standards on February
26, 2004. These regulations govern the handling, storage, collection, transportation,
treatment, utilization, recycling, and final disposal of all solid waste in Spokane County,
including the issuance of permits and enforcement actions. To review the regulations, see:
http://www.srhd.or�/downloads/safetv environment/SolidWasteHandlin�Standards2004.pdf.
6.2.1.3 Municipality Authority
County regulations and ordinances concerning minimum levels and types of solid waste
services apply within the limits of cities unless a city adopts an ordinance that specifically
limits the county's powers within its jurisdiction (RCW 70.95.160). A city may, by
ordinance, adopt more stringent levels of solid waste management than required by the
county at any time.
Under Washington State law, cities may choose one of the following options for managing
solid waste collection. None of these options eliminate the right of citizens to haul their own
waste, although citizens may be required to participate in a universal collection system and
pay for collection service.
1. City Contracted: A city may enter into a contract with a private collection firm for
collection of residential and commercial garbage, and residential recyclables. The
contracted hauler does not need to hold a WUTC certificate or a franchise. Usually, such
contracts are awarded on a competitive basis. The city regulates collection conditions and
rates according to contract terms. The city may require that the contracted collection firm
be licensed by the city.
2. City Operated: A city may operate its own collection system for residential and
commercial garbage, and residential recyclables. In such cases, the city sets rates and has
sole authority over all aspects of solid waste collection within its borders.
3. WUTC Certificated: A city may choose not to manage or regulate its own solid waste
collection services. Collection services may be provided by private certificated
collectors, subj ect to WUTC regulations.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-2
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
According to RCW 35.13.280, the annexation of any territory into a city cancels any
certificate granted by the WUTC for that territory. The newly incorporated area shall issue a
franchise to the previously certificated collection firm to provide service for a term of not less
than the remaining term of the original certificate or permit, or not less than seven years,
whichever is the shorter period, and the city or town, by franchise, permit, or public
operation, shall not extend similar or competing services to the annexed territory except upon
a proper showing of the inability or refusal of such person, firm, or corporation to adequately
service the annexed territory at a reasonable price. After 7 years, or the term of the franchise,
the collection rights can transfer to the city. This does not preclude the purchase by the
annexing city or town of the franchise, business, or facilities at an agreed or negotiated price,
or from acquiring the same by condemnation upon payment of damages, including a
reasonable amount for the loss of the franchise or permit. In the event that any person, firm,
or corporation whose franchise or permit has been canceled by the terms of this section
suffers any measurable damages as a result of any annexation pursuant to this chapter, such
person, firm, or corporation has a right of action against any city or town causing such
damages. In addition, a city may implement universal collection. Under universal collection,
a city may require residents and businesses to subscribe to designated solid waste collection
services.
According to RCW 35.02.160, the incorporation of any territory as a city or a town shall
follow the same guidelines as annexation under RCW 35.13.280.
6.2.1.4 U.S.Air Force Authority (Fairchild Air Force Base)Authority
U.S. military facilities are regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Section 6001. This federal statute requires military facilities to comply with all federal, state,
interstate, and local laws. Thus, a county's regulations concerning minimum levels and types
of solid waste services apply within the boundaries of military facilities. According to
RCW 39.34, the county and the Air Force may enter into interlocal agreements. Also, the
county and the Air Force both must comply with WAC 173-350 (Solid Waste Handling
Standards) and 351 (Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills).
6.2.2 Recommendations of the 1998 Plan for Solid Waste Collection
Three recommendations of the 1998 Plan regarding solid waste collection in Spokane County
continue to be followed:
1. Weekly collection service for refuse and recyclables should be available to all residential
customers in Level 1 service areas.
2. The County should coordinate with WUTC staff to ensure that collection rates promote
waste reduction and recycling to the full extent allowed under WUTC rate methodology.
3. The System should continue providing waste stream audits and encouraging the
expansion of nonresidential recycling collection opportunities.
6.2.3 Collection Service Providers
There are various collection systems currently operating in both unincorporated and
incorporated service areas of Spokane County.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-3
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
The unincorporated areas are all served by private waste haulers (Exhibit 6-1 outlines specific
areas of operation). The City of Spokane is the only municipal government that collects its
own MSW through its Solid Waste Management Department. All other cities/towns in the
County utilize private waste haulers. Fairchild Air Force Base also relies on a private waste
hauler for collection of MSW, recyclables, and yard waste. Residents in the County have the
option to subscribe to solid waste collection service, or self-haul solid waste, recyclables,
yard waste, and household hazardous waste to the WTE Facility and to the Colbert and
Valley Transfer Stations. Also, residents can self-haul recyclables to privately owned drop-
off facilities and inert material to private inert landfills.
6.2.3.1 Unincorporated Areas
Solid waste collection in the unincorporated areas of Spokane County is provided to residents
and businesses by four private collection companies that operate under certificates issued by
the WUTC. The certificate provides each collection company with an exclusive collection
certificate within a specified geographic area. The four collection firms (certificate number
in parentheses) are:
• Empire Disposal Inc. (G-75).
• Newman Lake Disposal, Inc./Eric Holt(G-171).
• Sunshine Disposal and Recycling (G-199).
• Waste Management of Washington, Inc. (G-237).
Empire Disposal, Inc.
Empire Disposal provides solid waste collection services to a large unincorporated area
located in the southeastern quadrant of Spokane County. Empire Disposal's service area also
includes the cities of Latah, Fairf'ield, Rockford, Spangle, and Waverly, which are discussed
below under Municipalities. Residents in Empire Disposal's service area have access to
System recycling and HHW (household hazardous waste) drop-off facilities, as well as
private recycling operations.
Newman Lake Disposal, Inc.
Newman Lake Disposal provides residential solid waste collection services in the
unincorporated Newman Lake area in the east central portion of the County, north of Trent
Avenue (State Highway 290) and bordering Idaho. Residents in Newman Lake's service area
have access to System recycling and HHW drop-off facilities, as well as private recycling
operations.
Sunshine Disposal, Inc.
Sunshine Disposal and Recycling provides non-residential roll off container service to east
central Spokane County, and commercial and residential refuse collection service in northern
and western Spokane County. Sunshine also provides residential and commercial refuse,
yard waste, and curbside recycling collection services for the City of Deer Park as well as
Fairchild Air Force Base, and residential and commercial refuse service for the cities of
Airway Heights, Cheney, and Medical Lake. (see below).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-4
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
Waste Management of Washington, Inc.
Waste Management of Washington offers weekly refuse collection service to customers in
unincorporated areas of Spokane County, as well as the cities of Liberty Lake, Millwood, and
Spokane Valley.
Waste Management offers weekly residential recycling and yard waste collection service to
those unincorporated residents that live within the County's Service Level 1 definition, and to
the residents in the cities of Liberty Lake, Millwood, and Spokane Valley. Yard waste
collection is provided weekly for nine months of the year(March through November) and
monthly during the winter months (December through February).
Self-Haul
Residential customers can self-haul waste, recyclables, yard waste, or household hazardous
waste to the WTE Facility, or the North County or Valley Transfer Stations. In 2004, the
minimum charge for refuse was $7 for up to 140 pounds, and $98 per ton thereafter.
Business accounts at the Transfer Stations are charged slightly more to compensate for the
cost of hauling the refuse to the WTE Facility: the minimum charge is $7.21 for up to 140
pounds, and $103 per ton thereafter(System Tipping Fees, 2005). Details of Transfer Station
and WTE operations are in Sections 7 and 8, respectively.
Residents of the cities of Airway Heights, Cheney, Medical Lake, and Spangle can self-haul
recyclables to recycling centers or drop-off containers located in their cities for the use of
those residents only. Fairchild Air Force Base operates a recycling center on the Base. All
residents in the County can self-haul to private recyclers which generally accept a wider
range of commodities than public recycling facilities, and often pay for some of the materials
dropped of£ The Cheney and Medical Lake recycling facilities and the Airway Heights drop
off area accept self-hauled yard waste, but only from their residents. Details regarding
recycling, and yard waste drop off is contained in Section 5. Household hazardous waste is
reviewed in Section 10. Exhibit 6-1 shows refuse collection service areas in the County.
6.2.3.2 Municipalities
Garbage collection services for residential, commercial and institutional generators are
provided by several different haulers in cities in Spokane County. The residential collection
services provided to each city are presented in Exhibit 6-2.
Liberty Lake, Millwood, Spokane Valley
Waste Management of Washington, Inc., offers weekly solid waste collection services to
residential and commercial customers in the cities of Liberty Lake, Millwood, and Spokane
Valley. In addition, Waste Management offers weekly curbside collection of recyclables to
residents in Liberty Lake, Millwood, and Spokane Valley, which are located within its
WUTC certificated collection area. Waste Management offers weekly yard waste collection
service to Liberty Lake, Millwood, and Spokane Valley nine months of the year(March
through November), and monthly service during the winter months (December through
February).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-5
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
EXHIBIT fi-1
WUTC Refuse Collection Service Areas of Spokane County
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-6
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
EXHIBIT fi-2
Residential Garbage Collection Summary
Curbside Collection Drop-off Opportunity
City/Town Provider* Yard
Garbage Recycling Yard Waste Recyclables Waste
Airway Heights Sunshine Disposala Yes No No Yesb Yes
Cheney Sunshine Disposala Yes No No Yesb Yesb
Deer Park Sunshine Disposala Yes Yes Yes Yesd Yesd
Fairfield Empire Disposal° Yes No No Yesd Yesd
Latah Empire Disposal° Yes No No Yesd Yesd
Medical Lake Sunshine Disposala Yes No No Yesb Yesb
Liberty Lake Waste Management° Yes Yes Yes Yesd Yesd
Millwood Waste Management° Yes Yes Yes Yesd Yesd
Spangle Empire Disposal° Yes No No Yesb Yesd
Rockford Empire Disposal° Yes No No Yesd Yesd
Spokane City of Spokaneb Yes Yes Yes Yesd Yesd
Spokane Valley Waste Management° Yes Yes Yes Yesd Yesd
Waverly Empire Disposal° Yes No No Yesd Yesd
Fairchild AFB Sunshine Disposala Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesd
a Contracted.
b City operated.
° WUTC certifiate.
d SRSWS facilities.
Airway Heights, Cheney, Deer Park, Medical Lake
Sunshine Disposal and Recycling, Inc. offers weekly solid waste collection to residential and
commercial customers in the cities of Airway Heights, Deer Park, and Medical Lake. In
addition, Sunshine Disposal provides weekly residential curbside yard waste and recycling
collection services for approximately 1,200 customers in the City of Deer Park Cardboard
and office paper recycling (office pack)is offered to businesses on a subscription basis. 2004
residential collection rates for Deer Park customers were: 1 can ($12.14); 2 cans ($16.33).
Fairfield, Latah, Rockford, Spangle,Waverly
Empire Disposal provides residential and commercial solid waste collection services for the
municipalities of Fairf�ield, Latah, Rockford, Spangle, and Waverly. Residents in Empire
Disposal's service area have access to System recycling drop-off and HHW facilities, as well
as private recycling operations.
Spokane
The City of Spokane's Solid Waste Management Department operates the only public solid
waste collection utility in the County. Without a franchise from the City, no other
institutional haulers are allowed to haul solid waste within the City of Spokane.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-8
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
In 2004, City crews serviced 61,171 residential solid waste collection accounts with fully
automated, side-load vehicles, and 2814 commercial solid waste collection accounts in
front-loader, rear loader, and roll-off vehicles. Curbside recycling collection is offered to
every single family residence, using side-loading vehicles. The City provided curbside
recycling to approximately 750 commercial and multi-family accounts in 2004 through a
subscription service. The City also provides yard debris collection to 13,263 subscribers.
Solid waste collected by the City of Spokane is delivered primarily to the WTE Facility, with
some material going to the North County and Valley Transfer Stations, or to the Northside
Landfill. Recyclables are delivered to one of two contracted processors. Yard waste is
delivered to a private composting facility.
The City of Spokane charges customers for collection of solid waste and recyclables on a
single invoice that also includes water and sewer charges. 2004 rates for residential
customers were: 20-gallon mini-carts ($11.19), 32-gallon carts ($14.46), 64 ($22.32), and
95-gallon carts ($30.18). The rates include a charge for weekly recycling collection (details
regarding recycling services are discussed in Section 5). Multi-family (five units or greater)
and commercial rates vary, depending on the size of the container and the frequency of
collection.
6.2.3.3 Fairchild Air Force Base
Fairchild Air Force Base contracts with Sunshine Disposal and Recycling, Inc. to provide
weekly collection of its solid waste and residential recyclables. A base contractor provides
nonresidential recycling services.
The base manages municipal solid waste (MSW)in the most efficient and economical way,
consistent with environmental and health protection. The three basic approaches to solid
waste management are in-service operations, contracts, and resource recovery. Municipal
solid waste is generated in all community living quarters and by administrative functions.
This includes all housing areas, office areas, base industrial operations, dining facilities,
Clear Lake Resort, services facilities (for example, the Base Exchange and Commissary), and
school s.
Sunshine Disposal removes and transports base-generated MSW to the WTE Facility.
Sunshine Disposal's contract includes solid waste removal from military family housing
(MFH) and the base, curbside recycling and yard waste collection from MFH, and quarterly
pick-up of bulky items (for example, furniture, appliances)from MFH. Household yard
waste also is taken to the WTE Facility, where it is transported to a private composting
facility.
The Base operates an extensive recycling center and recycling collection program for non-
residential materials. Additional information about this recycling program is provided in
Section 5.
6.2.3.4 Private Recycling Collection Services
Private non-residential (commercial) collection firms can offer collection service for
recyclables to any nonresidential customer in the County, regardless of solid waste collection
hauling authority.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-9
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
However, the City of Spokane requires that commercial recycling haulers submit a statement
declaring where a hauler has located a recycling container within Spokane city limits and
what type of recyclable is being collected. Commercial recycling haulers deliver materials to
private recyclers. The most commonly collected recyclables from nonresidential customers
are cardboard and office paper.
6.3 Key Issues
6.3.1 Service Level Designation
The 1999 planning guidelines issued by the Department of Ecology require local
governments to develop clear criteria to determine the designations for urban and rural areas
for waste reduction and recycling (RCW 70.95.092). Criteria to be considered include:
• Anticipated population growth;
• The presence of other urban services;
• Density of developed commercial and industrial properties; and
• Geographic boundaries and transportation corridors.
In the process of developing the 1992 Plan update, the County, the Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Liaison Board, the System, and SWAC identified a need to improve the consistency of
collection service levels in the County. Recognizing that it is more efficient to provide
collection service in areas with relatively high housing density than in more rural areas where
collection service is less cost-effective, service levels were developed using housing density
and haulers' collection routes. The resulting service level designations require collection in
more urban areas and make collection optional in rural areas of the County. They are defined
as follows:
• Level 1: An area with a housing density equal to 3.5 dwellings per acre or greater and
within a contiguous area with a population of 10,000 or more. Level 1 areas are offered
weekly refuse and recycling subscription service at all residential properties.
• Leve12: An area with a housing density of less than 3.5 dwellings per acre or not within
a contiguous area with a population of less than 10,000. Level 2 cities are encouraged to
provide weekly refuse collection service and residents of unincorporated areas have the
opportunity to voluntarily subscribe to weekly refuse collection service. Collection of
recyclables may be available/drop off facilities are available.
In non-municipal areas, Level 1 applies to parts of unincorporated Spokane County to the
north, east along the I-90 corridor, and west in the industrial areas surrounding the Spokane
International Airport. Using 2004 population data, the Level 1 designation also applies to the
cities of Millwood, Liberty Lake, Spokane, and Spokane Valley because they have not
adopted an ordinance to limiting the County's solid waste collection authority within their
city limits.
6.3.1.1 Spokane County Service Level Resolution
The County passed a Service Level Resolution in 1991 (91-0538) and amended in 1992 (92-
0605) establishing minimum levels of service for residential curbside recycling collection in
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-10
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
the unincorporated areas of the County and those municipalities that choose to not regulate
their solid waste.
The County Service Level Ordinance refers to the service level designations established in
the SWMP, and lists the recyclables that are required to be collected in a residential curbside
program. In late 2006, the County began the process of adopting and codifying a new Service
Level Ordinance and creating updated service area maps.
6.3.2 Collection Growth
Requirements for future solid waste collection will depend upon population growth rates. As
required in RCW 70.95.090(5)(d), solid waste collection needs must be projected for the next
6 years. Estimated current population and households are provided in Exhibit 6-3. Forecast
growth in population for Spokane County for the years 2010 through 2015 are shown in
Exhibit 6-4.
EXHIBIT fi-3
Estimated Population and Housing Densities for Incorporated Areas
Land Area 2004 Number of
Municipality Housing Units
(sq. mi.) Population �2000 Census)
Airway Heights 5.044 4,590 1,095
Cheney 4.015 9,855 3,293
Deer Park 6.909 3,045 1,210
Fairchild AFB 6.5 4,357 1,114
F ai rfi el d 2.532 576 194
Latah 0.3 204 75
Liberty Lake 4.0 4,950 1,894
Medical Lake 3.648 4,120 1,197
Millwood 0.664 1,645 779
Rockford 0.645 511 169
S pa n gl e 0.347 297 113
Spokane 59.042 197,400 87,941
Spokane Valley 38.5 83,950 Not Available
Waverly 0.411 131 49
Spokane County Unincorporated 116,369
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-11
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
EXHIBIT fi-4
Projections of the Total Resident Population for Spokane County
2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
436,300 466,417 472,634 478,583 484,630 490,770 496,981
Source: Office of Financial Management, Intermediate Growth Series
Overall, Spokane County is experiencing an annual 1 percent growth rate. Areas
experiencing major residential growth are on the eastern, western, and northern edges of the
existing urbanized area, particularly the Liberty Lake area, the Airway Heights/West Plains
area and the northern portion of the North South corridor. Portions of the County have
recently been incorporated, reducing the population densities of the unincorporated areas.
With the adoption of urban growth boundaries by the County, population growth likely will
be concentrated in urban areas.'
6.4 Alternatives
At this time, solid waste collection appears adequate for the residents of Spokane County;
however, continued population growth will likely require additional collection routes in the
future.
The following alternatives were developed during the planning stages of the 2009 Plan:
1. Use of incentive rates in the certificated areas to encourage recycling.
2. Change service levels to capture more households.
3. Contracting for recycling.
4. Alternative collection strategies.
5. Mandatory collection.
6. Mandate that haulers offer commercial recycling.
7. Centralize recycling locations for rural households.
Each of these alternatives is discussed below.
1. Use of incentive rates in the certificated areas to encourage recycling.
Traditionally, the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC) establishes
collection rates for certificate holders. The WUTC sets rates based on a"cost of service"
principle whereby rates approximate how much it costs to offer a particular service to a
particular customer class. Every collection company holding a WUTC certificate is required
to file a tariff with the WUTC, showing rates and charges applicable to the collection,
transportation, and disposal of solid waste in its service area. The WUTC then approves or
modifies the requested rates. Certificate holders cannot alter their rates or charges without
WUTC approval.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-12
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
The WUTC, however, requires collection companies to"use rate structures and billing
systems consistent with the solid waste management priorities set forth under RCW 70.95"
and provide minimum levels of solid waste collection and recycling services pursuant to local
solid waste management plans and municipal ordinances. Incentive rates can be used to
encourage recycling. Implementing incentive rates in the certificated areas would require that
the County adopt a service ordinance that provides the foundation for this approach. This
concept was discussed fully in Section 5.
2. Change recycling service level designations to capture more households.
As discussed above, the WUTC requires certificate holders to implement the provisions of
the waste reduction and recycling element of a comprehensive solid waste management plan.
The 1992 Plan established a minimum residential housing density equal to 3.5 dwellings per
acre and within a contiguous area with a population of 10,000 or more. Houses in these areas
are offered weekly subscription service for refuse and recyclables collection at all residential
properties. The County could consider lowering the housing density requirement as a means
to offer more recycling services in certain areas. The WUTC haulers will be required to
provide the recycling services specified in this plan.
By working with haulers, the County, and the System, a new minimum service level could be
defined that expands recycling and encourages haulers to invest in additional equipment for
service.
3. Contracting for recycling.
Counties have the authority to contract with private vendors to provide recycling services to
residences. Counties that choose this option assign service areas, establish and enforce
service standards, and set rates for those recycling services. The County can consider
contracting for residential recycling collection in unincorporated areas where a hauler fails to
provide residential recycling established by the minimum service level. At this time, the
County does not find any hauler failing to provide residential recycling within the minimum
service level definitions.
4. Alternative collection strategies.
The County and cities that do not currently offer curbside recycling service within their refuse
collection contract could encourage haulers to implement alternative co-collection strategies
as a means to offer collection of recyclables where it is currently not offered. Co-collection is
the collection of waste and recyclable materials at the same time. Co-collection is
accomplished by using methods that fall into two general categories:
• Bin-based methods: One truck with two or more compartments is used to hold the
different materials (trash in one compartment and recyclable materials in one or more
other compartments). The compartments are then emptied separately at two different
facilities. This option would require haulers to purchase new trucks, or retrofit existing
trucks.
• Bag-based methods: Sometimes recyclables are separated by residents into a"blue bag"
but still placed in a container with their trash. The bags are then collected in the same
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-13
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
truck compartment as the trash and recovered later after the load is emptied on the floor
of a transfer or processing facility.
The advantage of co-collection is that collection costs and truck traffic can be reduced.
Potential disadvantages include the inefficiencies that result from incorrectly sized
compartments (for bin-based methods) or the loss of recyclable materials due to bag breakage
(for bag-based methods). Several co-collection programs have been tried in other areas and
failed due to such problems.
5. Mandatory collection.
Currently, collection services in the unincorporated county are voluntary. Residents and
businesses may choose to self-haul their waste to the transfer stations or to the Waste to
Energy facility. The County could consider making collection services mandatory.
Mandatory collection requires that all residents within a defined area sign up and pay for a
minimum level of service. The primary reasons for taking this step are to minimize illegal
dumping and to distribute the costs of recycling and solid waste management equitably
among all residents.
Cities can require mandatory collection of waste within their jurisdictions. To require
mandatory collection in an unincorporated area or county-wide, the County would be
required to form a collection district as described in RCW 36.58A. The statute requires the
County to hold public hearings on the issue and get approval by the County Commission.
The Commission could approve a mandatory collection district in all or part of the County if
it was deemed in the public interest and necessary for the protection of public health. The
procedures and costs to the County to form a collection district could be substantial.
A proposal for mandatory collection also may draw criticism from private haulers and
residents. Requiring mandatory collection of all residences, particularly those in remote
areas, could incur substantial additional costs to haulers in terms of travel time, equipment
maintenance, and use of vehicles with little payload. These costs are not easily recovered
under the current WUTC regulatory system.
6. Mandate that haulers offer commercial recycling.
Currently, haulers offer commercial recycling as an additional service to those businesses that
voluntarily choose to subscribe and pay for the service. Requiring haulers to charge for and
provide for recycling services may increase diversion rates. Mandatory business recycling
would require a substantial preliminary education program and support system to show the
cost savings and value of commercial recycling for businesses. Businesses that did not have
the voluntary commitment to participate in the program would protest the cost of a program
that they did not chose to participate in.
7. Centralized recycling locations for rural households
This alternative is discussed in Section 5, Recycling.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-14
SECTION E SOLID WASTE COLLECTION
6.5 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. Evaluations and comparisons of the solid waste collection alternatives
discussed above lead this Plan to recommend implementing a progressive but monitored
approach to collection activities. This approach will provide for continued responsible
collection of solid waste, including recoverable materials, while maintaining a balance of
costs and benefits to Spokane County residents and businesses. Some of the alternatives
have been modified to allow for the assessment or monitoring of an issue before
implementation. This was because the issue was either not fully supported by SWAC
members, or SWAC did not have enough knowledge of the issue to warrant implementation
without further study. An estimated timeframe for implementation of each recommendation
is listed in Section 14, Implementation. Those alternatives that did not move forward as a
recommendation were generally unsupported by SWAC and the public input process.
The Plan recommends that additional means be assessed to improve the solid waste
collection process. The use of incentive rates should be considered to encourage increased
recycling and waste reduction. An example is the "Pay as You Throw" program where the
rates are structured so that those who dispose of more are charged more than those with lower
waste volumes. Alternative collection strategies such as co-collection and/or frequency of
service should also be considered.
The option of mandatory collection should be carefully assessed. More centralized recyclable
collection locations for rural households would support optional self-hauling and contribute
to greater waste reduction. The Plan does not promote mandatory commercial recycling but
does support a free-market economy with a progressive and participative business sector
combined with public education to contribute to Ecology's priorities of waste management.
2. Assess changing service levels to capture more households.
3. Assess contracting for recycling.
4. Assess alternative collection strategies.
5. Assess mandatory collection.
' The urban growth area(UGA)boundary identifies areas where future urban growth should occur and
establishes a clear separation between urban and rural development to provide economical and efficient
provision of public services. The UGA is sized to accommodate the projected 20-year population. The intent
of the UGA is that urban growth should occur first in areas with existing public services and facilities that
have sufficient capacity to serve development(Spokane County Comprehensive Plan, 2005).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 6-15
SECTION 7
Transfer System
7.1 Introduction
Transfer stations are conveniently located facilities where solid waste, delivered by collection
companies and citizens, is consolidated, temporarily stored, and loaded into semi-trailers for
transport. The solid waste is then delivered to a processing facility or a disposal site.
Transfer stations lower overall solid waste disposal costs because they accept deliveries from
local solid waste and recycling generators, avoiding the need for individual long-distance
trips to final processing and disposal facilities. Transfer stations become cost-effective when
the waste stream is large enough to support their construction and operation, and when the
hauling distance to a disposal facility exceeds a certain distance (usually between 15 and 30
miles, depending on the volume of the waste stream).
The solid waste transfer system in Spokane County is designed to complement all other
elements of its solid waste management plan. The transfer system goal, "to provide for
efficient collection and transfer of MSW and recyclables," is the same as the collection goal
and, therefore, some obj ectives are shared:
• Locate recycling facilities and System transfer stations to optimize service levels and
transportation efficiencies.
• Recycle prior to WTE processing or landfill disposal.
7.2 Existing Conditions
The System operates three transfer facilities in Spokane County, and there is one private
transfer station, owned and operated by Sunshine Disposal. The locations of these facilities
are shown on Exhibit 7-1.
7.2.1 System Transfer Facilities
The System's solid waste transfer program is designed to transfer waste materials to and from
various facilities as a means of efficiently and cost-effectively managing the large volume of
wastes generated in Spokane County. The System facilities include:
• The WTE Facility.
• North County Transfer Station (NTS).
• Ualley Transfer Station (VTS).
A flow diagram illustrating waste flow among facilities is presented in Exhibit 7-2.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-1
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
EXHIBIT 7-1
Location of Transfer Facilities
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-2
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
7.2.1.1 WTE Facility
The WTE Facility is the designated disposal facility for MSW in Spokane County, but it is
also a transfer facility for yard waste, inert and non-processible material, ash, large recyclable
scrap metals separated from refuse on the tipping floor, recyclables from the Recycling Area,
and household hazardous waste (HHW)from the HHW facility.
• Garbage collection vehicles servicing Spokane County deliver waste to the WTE Facility
for disposal.
• Yard waste is delivered to the WTE Facility from curbside collection programs or self-
hauled. The yard waste is transferred to a private compost facility for composting (see
Section 5, Recycling).
• Inert waste delivered to the WTE Facility, such as cured concrete and other inert, non-
burnable material, is transferred to an intermodal rail facility for shipment to the
Roosevelt Regional Landfill.
• Ash from the WTE facility is transferred by rail to a designated ash landfill operated by
Roosevelt Regional Landfill.
• Refrigerant-containing appliances are processed to remove refrigerants and, with other
white goods and large scrap metal units from the tipping floor, are transferred to a local
recycling processor.
• Recyclables from the site's Recycling Area are transferred to contracted recycling
processors.
• Household hazardous waste is transferred from the site's Household Hazardous Waste
facility to contracted recycling processors or appropriate disposal facilities.
Recyclable materials currently accepted at the WTE facility recycling area include:
• Corrugated cardboard.
• Brown paper bags.
• Newspapers.
• Magazines.
• Telephone books.
• Glass bottles and j ars (clear, brown, green, excluding canning j ars).
• Steel cans.
• Aluminum cans.
• Code 1 PETE plastic bottles.
• Code 2 HDPE plastic containers with narrow necks (all colors).
• Ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal.
• Household batteries, including rechargeable batteries.
• Vehicle batteries.
• Cell phones, including batteries and chargers.
• Small electronics and hand tool batteries
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-3
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
The WTE facility was updated in 1997 to improve system efficiencies by adding:
• Building extension and load-out chute.
• New(third) scale and scalehouse.
• Tarping area.
7.2.1.2 North County and Valley Transfer Stations
The North County and Valley Transfer Stations were opened together along with the WTE
Facility in December 199L MSW is first delivered to one of these three facilities. The
transfer stations transfer materials in a manner similar to the WTE except that they also must
transfer disposable MSW to the WTE Facility. Each of these sites has separate areas set
aside for customers to drop off disposable MSW, yard debris, refrigerant appliances and other
scrap metal, non-burnables (such as sheetrock), recyclable materials, and moderate risk waste
(MRW). Burnable MSW is transferred to the WTE facility or longhauled to RRLF. The
other materials are transferred to the appropriate processing site.
The Valley and North County Transfer Stations are similar in design and function, except the
Valley Transfer Station has a larger tipping building (15,700 square feet versus 8,600 square
feet) and a preload compactor. The compactor is used to increase the payload (tons per load)
of trailers and containers transported from the station. This is particularly important for
containers that are transported from the station to the Yardley Intermodal Facility where they
are loaded onto railcars and transported by rail to the Roosevelt Regional Landfill. A new
knuckle-boom crane was installed in 2004 at the Valley transfer station, which enhances the
efficiency of the operation by compacting top-load trailers and reducing the number of haul
trips. The North County transfer station received site improvements in 1997, including a
third scale and scalehouse, new vehicle routing and access, and a tarping area.
Conceptual site layouts for the facilities are shown in Exhibits 7-3 and 7-4. Customers can
enter the station and drop off recyclables or household hazardous waste free of charge.
Customers delivering yard waste or garbage cross the scales and are assessed a tipping fee.
In 2004, the tipping fee for garbage was $98 per ton, with a minimum charge of$7. The
2004 Clean Green fee was $35 per ton with the first 100 pounds free during all operating
hours from October through March, and during special operating hours from April through
September. Yard debris is inspected to avoid contamination.
Recyclable materials currently accepted in the transfer stations' recycling areas are the same
as listed for the WTE facility. The public deposits most materials into intermediate bins
adj acent to the transfer container in the unloading areas. Site staff checks the intermediate
bins for contaminates, and then empties it into the transfer containers. Recyclable materials
are then transported to local recycling companies. The processing, marketing, and shipment
to market of collected materials are handled by private recycling companies on a contract
basis.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-4
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
EXHIBIT 7-2
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SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
The HHW area accepts household batteries, automotive batteries, cell phones, motor oil,
paints and solvents, and other household hazardous wastes. Items are place in a designated
drop-off area by the public and transferred to a secure storage building by trained staff.
Trained personnel sort and package the material for shipment to a hazardous waste landfill or
incinerator. Some of the materials (such as cell phones, oil, vehicle batteries, button-cell
batteries) are recycled. Each site also has a reuse table with items available free of charge to
the public in exchange for a signed release. Household Hazardous Waste is covered in more
detail in Section 12.
Certain materials such as yard waste, gypsum wallboard, and some unburnable materials and
metal are unloaded separately from garbage on the tipping floor. A separate area is
designated for customers delivering these materials in each of the transfer station buildings.
The yard waste is sent to a private composting facility. Metals are sent to a local scrap metal
broker. Unburnable materials are sent to Roosevelt Regional Landfill. For more than eight
months of the year, bypass MSW also goes to RRLF.
Surveillance and control of waste going into the Waste-to-Energy facility and transfer
stations is directed by Chapter 7 of the Operations Plan for the facilities. Inspections are
carried out monthly at all sites and consist of random load screening and inspection. Any
materials discovered that are not appropriate for the MSW stream are removed, and the
generator is notified for proper disposal of the materials in question. The inspection records
are maintained at the System operations office.
7.2.2 Private Transfer Station
7.2.2.1 Sunshine Transfer Station
The Sunshine Transfer Station is a permitted, privately owned and operated station located at
2405 University Road, east of the City of Millwood (see Exhibit 7-1). The station is used
both for waste transfer and recycling.
Residential and commercial waste collected by Sunshine Disposal is delivered to the station.
Depending on the source of generation, these wastes are consolidated into transfer trailers or
intermodel containers, which are used to transport waste to its final disposal site. Cardboard
and other recyclables collected from local businesses are delivered to the station and prepared
for transport to markets. Workers also separate the recyclables from mixed loads on the
station's tipping floor.
7.3 Key Issues
The North County transfer station has a maximum capacity of 950 tons, with a daily capacity
of 800 tons. In 2004, the station received 49,580 tons of waste. The Valley transfer station
has a maximum capacity of 2,400 tons, with a daily capacity of 1,200 tons. In 2004, the
station received 110,460 tons of waste.'
The stations currently are able to manage the waste generated within the County. However,
future influences on the quantities of waste received by the stations include:
• Population growth in the County.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-8
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
• Effectiveness of waste reduction and recycling programs.
• Increased collection activities in the County.
Regarding the addition of private transfer stations, the existing County flow control ordinance
prevents any type of MSW solid waste facility to be built in the unincorporated County.
Municipalities could build or allow to be built a transfer station within their borders;
however, they are legally obligated through the interlocal agreements to deliver MSW to the
System facilities.
Two key issues were identified in the 1998 plan regarding the transfer system developed for
Spokane County:
• The level of service provided to county residents: reducing time spent by customers or
providing additional facilities.
• Operational issues: improving the efficiency or cost-effectiveness of transfer operations.
These issues continue to be important today and form the basis for the alternatives discussed
below.
7.4 Alternatives
Waste transfer stations play an important role in Spokane County's solid waste management
system, serving as a link between local waste and recycling collection programs and the final
disposal or processing facilities. The primary reason for using a transfer station is to reduce
the cost of transporting solid waste to disposal or processing facilities. Consolidating smaller
loads from collection vehicles into larger transfer vehicles enables collection crews to spend
less time traveling to and from distant disposal sites and processor facilities and more time
collecting waste and recyclables. Transfer stations reduce overall transportation costs, air
emissions, energy use, truck traffic, and road wear and tear.
The following alternatives were developed during the planning process:
1. Develop criteria for determining if the existing transfer stations need to be upgraded.
2. Assess needs for additional transfer stations.
3. Establish locations for staging and storage of natural disaster debris.
4. Offer a reuse area at System facilities.
Each of these alternatives is discussed below.
1. Develop criteria for determining if the existing transfer stations need to be upgraded.
The System's transfer stations were built in 1991 and are now 15 years old. It is important
that service levels be maintained or improved as the population grows and the facilities reach
their physical and functional limits. The following can be indicators that a transfer station is
in need of upgrading:
• Time spent by customers on site becomes excessive.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-9
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
• Facility hours are no longer meeting customer needs.
• The transfer station is experiencing difficulty in accommodating all vehicle and tonnage
throughput during peak hours.
• The transfer station is experiencing damage due to changes in collection vehicle design.
• Traffic impacts on local streets are increasing.
• Environmental standards are not being met.
As the facilities age and the needs for solid waste services change, the transfer system may
require upgrades to maintain operational efficiency. The System should establish a
mechanism for assessing the transfer station system and determining actions for the future.
2. Assess needs for additional transfer stations.
A general rule for evaluating the need for collection vehicle transfer is based on hauling
distance. Although cost-effectiveness will vary, transfer stations generally become
economically viable when the one-way hauling distance to the disposal facility is greater than
15 to 20 miles. However, it should be noted that transportation conditions (i.e., traffic, road
quality, size of vehicles used, collection routing and volume of material delivered)would
impact the benefit of direct-haul versus consolidating refuse at a transfer station.
In rural areas, transfer stations also provide increased convenience for residential and non-
residential self-haulers, who might otherwise have to travel long distances to reach a disposal
site. Increased convenience helps reduce the amount of illegal dumping illegal burning and
other inappropriate forms of disposal.
The System currently operates two transfer stations as well as the transfer operations at the
WTE facility. Two possible reasons for adding an additional transfer station include:
• Economic growth in outlying areas of the County, particularly in the south, may cause the
waste stream to grow to a point where a small transfer station may become feasible.
Drive times from this part of the County would be significantly reduced and convenience
for residents would be greatly improved.
• There also may be a need to build an additional transfer station in urban areas particularly
if existing stations are being over utilized and upgrades are insufficient to alleviate
resulting issues.
The benefits of building a new transfer station must be weighed against the costs of adding
new facilities.
The System could evaluate the long-term need for additional transfer stations based on the
following:
• Projected population growth and growth patterns.
• Availability of suitable sites.
• Underutilized capacity of existing transfer stations.
• Customer usage of existing transfer stations.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-10
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
• Convenience and accessibility for residential and commercial users.
• Effect on transfer system costs.
Sufficient time should be allowed for construction of new transfer stations as warranted.
3. Establish locations for emergency staging and temporary storage of debris generated by
natural disasters.
Major natural disasters can generate enormous volumes of debris in short periods of time.
According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), natural disasters
generally create similar types of debris:"
• Tornadoes: debris consists primarily of trees, construction materials from damaged or
destroyed structures and personal property.
• Floods: debris consists of sediment, wreckage, personal belongings, and sometimes
hazardous materials deposited on public and private property. Additionally, heavy rains
and floods may produce landslides; in such cases, debris consists primarily of soil, gravel,
rock and some construction materials.
• Earthquakes: debris consists of building materials, personal property, and sediment
caused by landslides.
• Wildfires: debris consists of burned out structures, cars and/or other metal objects, ash
and charred wood waste.
• Ice Storms or Snowstorms: debris consists of significant amounts of woody debris from
broken tree limbs and branches.
Though not discussed in FEMA literature, Spokane County must also be prepared to manage
ashfall from volcanoes situated along the Cascade Range.
One of the first responses to a natural disaster is rapid debris removal from roads. Debris
removal often relies on the availability of suitable temporary debris storage sites, where the
debris is temporarily stored until it is reduced in volume (e.g., sorted, chipped, or burned)
and/or taken to a permanent disposal location. Identifying these temporary sites before a
major natural disaster occurs can expedite debris removal and subsequent volume reduction
and disposal actions.
Spokane County should identify potential sites to be used as emergency staging and
temporary debris storage sites to be used in the event of a natural disaster. Three potential
sites include the Valley Transfer Station, the North County Transfer Station, and property at
the closed Southside Landfill.
The number of temporary sites ultimately needed by the County for debris storage will vary
with:
• Size of the site(s);
• Distance of the site(s)from the disaster area;
• Speed of reduction (mixed debris is slower than clean woody debris); and
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-11
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
• Removal urgency.
Generally, FEMA suggests the following considerations for evaluating potential temporary
debris storage and reduction sites:"'
• Use public lands first to avoid costly leases. Pre-designated sites should be on public
property and consist of between 50 and 100 acres, depending on anticipated needs.
Consider the locations with respect to noise, traffic, and the environment. Use private
land only if public sites are unavailable.
• When selecting public or private sites, consider pre-existing conditions that will have to
be restored upon site closeout.
• The required size of the site will depend on the expected volume of debris to be collected
and planned volume reduction methods. As a general rule, larger sites mean fewer sites
and, hence, easier site closeout. However, larger sites may create logistical problems.
• Environmentally sensitive areas (such as wetlands, areas with endangered animal and
plant species, critical habitats, well fields and surface water supplies and
historic/archaeological sites) should be avoided.
• Whenever possible, avoid locating near residential areas, schools, churches, hospitals and
other such sensitive areas.
• Look for sites with good ingress/egress to accommodate heavy truck traffic and a site
configuration that allows for an efficient layout.
The Army Corps of Engineers uses the following assumptions to estimate debris storage site
size requirements:'°
• Debris can be stacked to a height of 10 feet, and 1 acre can be used to store 16,117 cubic
yards.°
• 60 percent of the site is for storage; the remaining 40 percent provides for roads and
safety buffers.
For example, a natural disaster generating 1,000,000 cubic yards of debris will require 62
acres for debris storage only. To provide for roads and buffers, the acreage must be increased
by a factor of 1.66, which increases the required site size to 103 acres.
Exhibits 7-5, 7-6, and 7-7 show schematic representations of emergency staging areas for
Northside Transfer Station, Southside Landfill, and Valley Transfer Station, respectively.
4. Offer reuse areas at System facilities
The System contracted with reuse organizations when the facilities began operations in the
early 1990's. The program was stopped because the items collected were not of high
enough value for the businesses to continue taking the material. There were also
problems with participants hiding refuse among the material that was left in the reuse
area. The System should research other conditions that would allow higher quality
material to be collected at System facilities for reuse.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-12
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
Exhibit 7-5
Northside Transfer Station
Emergency Staging Area
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-13
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
EXHIBIT 7-fi
Southside Landfill
Emergency Staging Area
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-14
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
EXHIBIT 7-7
Valley Transfer Station
Emergency Staging Area
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-15
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
7.5 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. Evaluations and comparisons of the transfer system alternatives discussed
above leads this Plan to recommend implementing a progressive but monitored approach to
developing and maintaining transfer systems. This approach will provide for continued
responsible maintenance of facilities, while maintaining a balance of costs and benefits to
Spokane County residents and businesses. Some of the alternatives have been modified to
allow for the assessment or monitoring of an issue before implementation. This was because
the issue was either not fully supported by SWAC members, or SWAC did not have enough
knowledge of the issue to warrant implementation without further study. An estimated
timeframe for implementation of each recommendation is listed in Section 14,
Implementation. Those alternatives that did not move forward as a recommendation were
generally unsupported by SWAC and the public input process.
The Plan recommends the development of criteria for determining if the existing Spokane
Regional Solid Waste System owned transfer stations need to be upgraded. The need for
additional Spokane Regional Solid Waste System owned and/or privately owned transfer
stations operating within the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System should also be evaluated.
Both the tonnage queuing capacity of the existing System Transfer Stations are not adequate..
The limited queuing space available at the Valley Transfer Station increases the time required
to process through a facility can serve as an economic disincentive to commercial activities
sensitive to time factors and costs. The SWAC is ideally suited for and willing to assist in
development of the criteria necessary to support this recommendation.
The Plan strongly encourages regional planning leading to the establishment of locations for
staging and processing of large surge volumes of debris that result from major disasters.
Potential incidents for the Spokane area realistically include volcanic eruptions, wind storms,
firestorms, ice storms, railroad derailment, and/or terrorist attack Pre-identification of
staging areas and the establishment of contingency handling processes, including potential
contracted services, will ultimately reduce the impact of such disasters, increase the public
safety during response/cleanup operations, and lessen the overall impact on our region.
1. Develop criteria for determining if the existing transfer stations need to be upgraded,
including assessing operations for improvements in efficiencies.
2. Assess needs for additional transfer stations.
3. Establish locations for staging and storage of natural disaster debris.
4. Offer reuse areas at System facilities if costs, logistics, and demand for the service
justify implementing a program.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-16
SECTION 7 TRANSFER SYSTEM
' M Bramble,2006.
" Federal Emergency Management Agency,"Debris Management Guide-FEMA Publication 325," available
at http://www.fema.�ov/�overnment/grant/pa/dm oashtm.
"' Ibid,page 12.
'" Ibid,Appendix A.
" 1 acre=4,840 square yards.
10-foot stack height=3.33 yards.
Total volume per acre=4,840 square yards/acre x 3.33 yards= 16,117 cubic yards/acre.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 7-17
SECTION 8
Energy Recoveryllncineration
8.1 Existing Conditions
8.1.1 Waste-to-Energy Facility Description
The City of Spokane owns and contracts for the operation of the Waste-to-Energy (WTE)
Facility through the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System (System).
The WTE Facility commenced commercial operation on November 6, 1991. It is designed to
process waste from mixed residential, commercial, and industrial sources. The WTE Facility
incinerates municipal solid waste using two 400-ton-per-day"mass-burn" combustion units
to generate steam and electricity by means of a 26-megawatt turbine generator. Each furnace
is designed to burn 400 tons each day, but conservative design parameters allow them to
operate in excess of that amount. The facility includes an air pollution control system
consisting of dry scrubbers, GORE-TEX�baghouses, a Thermal DeNox system, and a urea to
ammonia (U2A) system (Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, 2005). Both fly ash and
bottom ash are collected and transported to the Roosevelt Regional Landfill (RRLF)for
disposal. Ferrous metals are recovered from the bottom ash stream and recycled. An air-
cooled condenser is used in lieu of a cooling tower to reduce the moisture resulting from the
facility and to minimize any contributory effect on fogging at the Spokane International
Airport, which is located approximately 1,500 feet from the facility.
8.1.1.1 Emissions Controls
Facility emissions, including those from the boiler units and fugitive emissions, are regulated
through the facility's Title V Air Operating permit, Notice of Construction (NOC)permit
issued by the Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority (SCAPCA), and the
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)permit issued by Ecology. The permits require
continuous emission monitors, monthly reporting and annual stack tests. The monitors,
which are located in the stacks, provide data on oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen
oxides (NOX), sulfur dioxides (SO2), temperature, and opacity every 15 seconds. These data
are compiled into the monthly report.
The annual stack tests sample emissions at the spray dryer absorber inlets and the fabric filter
outlets. The parameters measured include:
• Gas temperature.
• Gas velocity.
• Gas molecular weight(O2 and CO2).
• Gas moisture content.
• Volumetric flow rate calculated from the above measurements.
• Particulate and condensable matter.
• Sulfur dioxide (SO2).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-1
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
• Nitrogen oxides (NOX).
• Sulfur oxides (H2SO4, 503, and SO2).
• V'isible emissions (opacity).
• Carbon monoxide (CO).
• Trace metals (including As, Be, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Se, Zn).
• Fluoride (as HF).
• Chloride (as HCl).
• Hexavalent chromium (Cr+6)
• Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NIVIHC).
• Mercury (Hg).
• Semivolatile organic compounds [including polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs)
and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)].
This testing is performed to demonstrate compliance with the System's Title V Air Operating
permit and NOC permit. Copies of the full reports are on file in the System office and
summaries of test results are available online at www.solidwaste.or�. The Health Risk
Assessment required by Ecology as a condition of the construction grant was completed and
accepted by Ecology in 2001. A copy of this report is on file in the City of Spokane's
Environmental Programs office. The facility is in compliance with all permits.
When the WTE Facility began operating in 1991, Thermal DeNox was considered state-of-
the-art technology for controlling nitrous oxides from the plant. This technology requires
injection of pressurized anhydrous ammonia into the boiler. As a result, up to 70,000 pounds
of anhydrous ammonia was stored at the plant. Anhydrous ammonia is recognized as a
dangerous chemical and potential health threat. For this reason, the System and W SI sought
to eliminate it from the site.
After a thorough investigation of alternatives, it was decided that the technology developed
and licensed by Wahlco was the best system for controlling nitrous oxides from Spokane's
plant. The Wahlco technology, known as Urea to Ammonia(U2A), generates ammonia on
demand by using liquid urea and hydrolyzing it in a reactor. The need to store large
quantities of ammonia was eliminated.
The retrofit proj ect began in July 2005 and at the end of 2005 installation was complete.
Final acceptance testing of the air treatment system was done in 2006 (Spokane Regional
Solid Waste System, 2005).
8.1.2 Facility Site
The WTE Facility is located on a 52-acre site in Spokane County approximately 1.5 miles
west of the City of Spokane limits (see Exhibit 8-1). The property is owned by Spokane
County and the City of Spokane, and is leased to the System pursuant to a 30-year Facility
Site Lease through the Spokane International Airport. This lease will expire in 2011, and will
need to be renegotiated at that time. The site is zoned "restricted industrial." Land adj acent
to the site is also zoned"restricted industrial" or manufacturing including a commercial zone
on the southeast border of the site.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-2
SECTION 8 ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
ExHisrr 8-1
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ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 2009 8-3
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
8.1.3 Facility Operations
8.1.3.1 GeneralOperations
The WTE Facility is designed to process waste 24 hours per day every day of the year except
for three scheduled maintenance periods. The facility receives waste from commercial
haulers and the public 7 days per week from 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., closing on six designated
holidays (New Year's Day, Memorial Day, Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, and
Christmas).
The guaranteed available capacity for acceptable municipal solid waste is 248,200 tons per
year(TPY). Since opening in 1991, the facility has exceeded all operations performance
standards. In 2004, the WTE Facility processed 282,479 tons (Spokane Regional Solid
Waste System, 2005).
Wheelabrator Spokane Inc. (WSI) operates the facility, under contract to the System. WSI is
a wholly owned subsidiary of Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc. (WTI), which is a subsidiary
of Waste Management, Inc.
The facility includes three scalehouses, two independent refuse receiving areas, and a storage
pit area with approximately 6 days of disposal capacity. Two overhead cranes mix and sort
the waste and deliver it into the hopper for incineration. Combustion occurs in two waterwall
furnaces. Each furnace has a design capacity of 400 tons per day of solid waste, having a
heating value range of 3,800 to 5,500 British thermal units (Btu's)per pound. As hot gases
resulting from combustion move through the boiler sections of the furnace, steam is
generated and directed to the condensing turbine generator to produce electricity. The ash
generated by the combustion process is approximately 30 percent of the incoming material by
weight, but only about 10 percent by volume (Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, 2005).
The Facility's ash is treated at the WTE facility using the Wesphix process. The ash
consistently passes TCLP, pH, and bioassay tests, and therefore is neither a dangerous waste
nor special incinerator ash.
8.1.3.2 Energy Generation
The facility is designed to produce a net electric output of at least 505 kWh per ton of solid
waste processed on an annual average basis, while processing acceptable solid waste that has
a heating value range of 3,800 to 5,500 Btu's per pound. All electricity generated by the
facility, except that used for in-plant purposes, is sold under contract to Puget Sound Energy
(formerly Puget Sound Power and Light Company). The contract was established for a
period of 21 years from the commencement of commercial operation of the facility. The
electricity enters the transmission system of Avista, Inc., through an interconnection line, and
is wheeled to the Puget distribution system through the transmission lines of that company
and the Bonneville Power Administration.
The facility produced 179,121 megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity in 2004 and sold
148,603 MWh, with net revenue of$12,609,695 (Spokane Regional Solid Waste System,
2005). Revenues generated from electricity sales constitute revenues of the System. If
improvements are needed to the facility, the System, as the owner, is responsible for the costs
of those improvements. Any other operational repairs and replacements are paid for by WSI.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-4
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
Exhibit 8-2 includes an overview summary of the general roles and responsibilities of the
WTE Facility based on contract provisions with WSI(specific exceptions apply to many of
these general responsibilities).
EXHIBIT$-2
Overview of General Roles and Responsibilities at WTE Facility
Responsibility The System Wheelabrator
Spokane, Inc.
Operation, Maintenance, and Repair X
Facility Site Repair and Maintenance X
Equipment Maintenance X
Compliance with All Permits X X
Compliance with Environmental Laws X X
Delivery of 220,000 TPY of Acceptable Waste X
Providing Landfill Capacity X
Processing 248,200 tons per year of MSW X
Generating Electricity(505 kWh/ton) X
Design and Construction of Capital Projects X
Paying for Capital Projects(System-directed) X
Paying for Capital Projects(WSI-directed) X
The WTE Facility processed over 282,479 tons of municipal solid waste (MSW)in 2004,
resulting in 85,562 tons of ash and 8,955 tons of recovered ferrous metals. Exhibit 8-3
includes a comprehensive list of tonnage handled by the WTE facility since 2000, including
ferrous metals recycled from the ash, ash sent to the Roosevelt Regional Landfill, and white
goods collected from the tipping floor for recycling (Spokane Regional Solid Waste System,
2005).
EXHIBIT$-3
Solid Waste Tonnage Processed at WTE Facility,2000-2004
MSW Recovered
Processed at Ferrous Roosevelt Recovered
Year WTE Ash Metals Regional Landfill White Goods
2000 270,842 91,455 9,211 35,127 889
2001 268,390 71,242 10,337 31,140 971
2002 274,506 77,571 12,394 60,304 N/A
2003 266,044 76,871 10,416 38,274 1,098
2004 282,479 85,562 8,955 41.424 1,066
N/A=No Available Data
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-5
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
8.1.3.3 Operational Costs of Facility
As discussed, the WTE Facility is owned by the System and operated under an operations
service agreement with WSI. The System is required to pay a monthly service fee for
operation of the facility. The service fee generally includes:
• ABase Operating Fee $35.195 per ton (2004), adjusted annually to reflect specific cost
indices.
• Pass-Through Costs that include items such as certain taxes, insurance premiums, and
utility costs.
• An Energy Revenue Credit, equal to approximately 10 percent of the revenue from energy
sales.
• A Material Recovery Credit, equal to 50 percent of the net revenues from the sale of
recovered materials (at$15/ton in 2004).
• An Energy Revenue Shortfall payment that is based on the total amount of energy
produced at year-end.
• Turbine Upgrade Credit Adjustment.
In 2004, the average Service Fee paid by the System to WSI was $39.19 per ton.
In 2004, the System net costs for the WTE Facility were:
Debt Service $ 10,248,600
Operations and Maintenance 12,740,906
Electricity Sales (credit) (12,609,695)
Capitalized Expenses 1,331,178
Total Costs: $ 11,710,989*
* Net costs are covered by tipping fee revenues.
8.1.3.4 Ash, Bypass, and Nonprocessible Wastes
The System is required by W SI to provide a landfill site and has made necessary
arrangements for landfilling of certain types of solid waste pursuant to the terms of the
contractual agreement. The System entered into a 10-year contract(from September 11,
1991)with Regional Disposal Company (RDC)to provide for the transportation and disposal
of facility ash and the disposal of certain System bypass and nonprocessible waste at the
RRLF. RDC owns and operates the RRLF, which is located approximately 200 miles
southwest of Spokane County in Klickitat County, Washington. The System extended this
RDC contract to 2011 with one additional5-year term.
The RRLF has been permitted for the acceptance and disposal of WTE Facility ash in
compliance with state regulations. Excess MSW and ash residue from the facility is currently
being disposed at the RRLF. A special incinerator ash permit was issued in compliance with
the provisions of the State's Special Incinerator Ash Residue Act(RCW 70.138). Permit
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-6
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
conditions included construction of an ash monofill, maximum daily receipt of 280 tons, and
maximum yearly quantities of 102,200 tons.
In addition, the System's Northside Landfill, located on the north side of the City of Spokane,
is also available to dispose of System bypass and nonprocessible waste.
The City of Spokane acquired a site in an area called Malloy Prairie in west Spokane County
for a future ash monofill landfill as a long-term alternative to the RRLF, if that became
necessary. An environmental impact statement was completed before site acquisition, but
applications for permits have not been filed.
8.1.4 Waste-to-Energy Facility Tours
Tours of the WTE Facility are offered throughout most of the year. The tours are free of
charge to interested individuals on a walk-in basis and to groups by appointment. Tours are
available twice per day on Wednesdays and Thursdays and for groups of 10 or more by
appointment. The tour begins with an information video, and includes a discussion of the
solid waste management priorities of waste reduction, reuse, and recycling, including the
ferrous metals recovered from the ash. During 2004, 890 students and 296 adults visited the
facility. Elementary and middle school groups account for about half of the visitors. Other
visitors include high school and college classes, special youth and adult groups, international
students, international VIPs, and individual walk-ins (Spokane Regional Solid Waste System,
2005).
The tours provide an excellent education on solid waste management programs in Spokane
County. The tour allows residents to view the WTE Facility processes and air pollution
control equipment. In addition, tour participants learn about recycling, waste reduction,
composting and the integrated solid waste programs offered by local governments and
private industries in Spokane County.
8.2 Key Issues
The System's WTE Facility provides permanent disposal of Spokane County solid waste in
the most environmentally responsible method. The facility converts solid waste into
electrical energy, allows for the destruction of dangerous organic products such as
pharmaceuticals, and offers a sustainable method of solid waste disposal for future
generations. The System's WTE operation is integrated with waste reduction, recycling,
landfilling and refuse collection operations, and adheres to the waste handling priorities
defined in Revised Codes of Washington (RCW) 70.95.
The timing of the 2009 Plan is unique because recommendations must satisfy bond
obligations as well as explore foundations for continued solid waste management needs after
those bonds are retired. Though the City of Spokane is responsible for repayment of the
bonds, scheduled for retirement in 2011, System facilities and programs are designed to serve
the needs of residents and businesses countywide. Regional cities and the County are
partners through interlocal agreements that guarantee they will bring their waste to the
System, providing revenue to the System through the tipping fees.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-7
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
8.3 Alternatives
1. Maintain the WTE Facility to continue operations after bond retirement.
2. Add a third boiler to the WTE Facility.
3. Evaluate front-end processing of waste to improve recovery of material prior to
incineration.
4. Develop Malloy Prairie landfill site for ash disposal.
5. Close WTE Facility.
6. Combine the ash and bypass disposal contract with the WTE operating contract instead
of renewing the existing contract.
7. Maintain the WTE Facility to continue operations after bond retirement to serve the City
of Spokane only.
8. Sell the WTE Facility to a private company or public energy utility.
9. Sell Malloy Prairie landfill site.
10. Prohibit importation of waste for combustion at the WTE Facility.
11. Recycle the fly ash from the WTE Facility.
12. Confirm that the WTE plant can meet requirements if Washington adopts the California
standard of CO2 emissions for energy sources.
13. Consider alternative energy recovery disposal methods (earthen digester—or other
similar facility) as alternative to trap methane gas and use for energy.
Further information is provided below for each alternative.
1. Maintain the WTE Facility to continue operations after bond retirement.
The WTE facility has operated since 1991. Typically, waste-to-energy facilities have a useful
life of approximately 40 years, but with appropriate maintenance and upgrades, such as with
Spokane's WTE Facility, its useful life can extend far beyond that; therefore, the WTE
Facility will not exceed its remaining useful life during the solid waste management planning
period. In general, the facility should continue to operate unless conditions change that make
its operation not viable compared to other solid waste management alternatives. The System
should continue to maintain the WTE facility to maximize its useful life, continuing to
upgrade and renovate, as necessary, to provide continuous operation of the facility in
compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local requirements.
Additionally, the System should investigate and consider implementation of new
technologies for the WTE Facility such as efficiency upgrades, additional emissions controls,
or non-ferrous metal recovery.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-8
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
2. Monitor and assess the need for adding a third boiler at to the WTE Facility.
The WTE Facility has two 400 ton-per-day units for a total design capacity of 800 tons per
day (TPD) or 248,200 tons per year(based on 85 percent availability). The facility has
processed waste above that original design capacity for the past several years due to increased
efficiency, as is shown in Exhibit 8-3. In fact, the facility has demonstrated a capacity of over
282,000 tons per year(TPY), which was the amount of waste processed in 2004. However,
as Spokane County has continued to grow, the amount of waste requiring processing has
surpassed the operating capacity of the WTE Facility. As a result, municipal solid waste has
requires alternative disposal methods at RRLF or NLF.
The current design of the WTE Facility includes provisions for the future addition of a third
boiler unit and required ancillary equipment. The addition of a 400 TPD unit would increase
the capacity of the WTE Facility to 1,200 TPD or 372,300 TPY (based on 85 percent
availability). The System should assess the need for a third boiler using waste generation
estimates, taking into account projected recycling. The System can assess the economic
viability of a third boiler, comparing costs for construction and operation against the costs of
landfilling excess municipal solid waste.
As part of this alternative, the System could also consider importing waste from outside the
County to use excess capacity, thereby increasing the energy generation of the facility, and
revenues associated with this.
3. Evaluate front-end processing of waste to improve recovery of material prior to
incineration.
A front-end processing facility, using a combination of manual and mechanical sorting,
would allow the removal of non-separated recyclables and bulky, non-combustible materials
from the waste stream. This facility would essentially operate as a"dirty" MRF.
For a typical front-end processing facility, mixed waste is dumped on the tipping floor and
pushed onto a conveyor by a front-end loader. Usually, residential waste must go through a
bag-breaking operation. Screening drums or other special equipment such as air
classification units are used to separate the mixed waste stream generally into size
classifications: an undersize stream (fine particles and aggregate materials) and an oversize
stream that contains recyclables and other large obj ects.
Ferrous metal is typically removed by an overhead electromagnetic separator. After passing
through the magnet, the remaining waste often proceeds onto hand sorting conveyors. These
are elevated, slow-moving conveyors that allow sorters to select recyclables and drop them
into chutes leading to storage bunkers or processing equipment. Hand-sorting can be reduced
or eliminated by using a high level of inechanical technology and by the limiting the scope of
commodities recovered.
The remaining waste can be further processed as a means to manage emissions (for example
a trommel screen to remove items such as button batteries) or to reduce facility maintenance.
After final processing, remaining wastes are diverted back to the tipping floor for
combustion.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-9
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
Capital costs for such a facility are variable and dependent on the level of inechanization and
sophistication of the facility.
A typical capital cost range is $20,000 to $30,000 per ton of daily capacity. Operations and
maintenance costs typically range from $40 to $60 per ton of waste processed.
4. Develop Malloy Prairie Landfill site for ash disposal.
The System is required by W SI to provide a landfill site and has a contract with Regional
Disposal Company (RDC)to 2016 to provide for the transportation and disposal of facility
ash at the RRLF, located in Klickitat County, Washington. In 2004, over 85,000 tons of ash
was generated at the WTE facility that required disposal.
Presently, the ash is loaded into intermodel containers and trucked to the Yardley Intermodel
Facility. There, they are loaded onto trains and sent by rail to the RRLF. The System
currently experiences problems with interrupted deliveries of containers—both for pick up of
full containers and delivery of empty containers. In general, these problems are due to
increased use of rail lines by higher valued freight and unavailability of trains to handle
increased freight demands. These problems are anticipated to increase, as tonnage shipped to
regional landfills is expected to increase in the future.
The City of Spokane acquired a site in an area called Malloy Prairie in west Spokane County
for a future ash monofill landfill as a long-term alternative to ash disposal at the RRLF, if that
became necessary. An environmental impact statement was completed before site
acquisition, but applications for permits have not been filed. The System could re-evaluate
the development of the Malloy Prairie site for use as an ash landfill. This would eliminate
the need for shipping the ash to Klickitat County, and would also reduce the problems
associated with the availability of rail cars.
5. Close WTE Facility.
Following retirement of the bonds in 2011, the System could consider closing the WTE
facility and converting it to strictly a transfer facility. This alternative would include
decommissioning of the burners and ancillary equipment, and adding compactors and a
loader to facilitate transfer operations. Added costs would be associated with the
decommissioning, installation of the new equipment, as well as operations and maintenance
of the facility. If the WTE Facility closes, the System would have to repay a portion of the
grant from Ecology.
6. Combine the ash and bypass disposal contract with the WTE operating contract instead of
renewing the existing contract.
The existing ash and bypass disposal contract is with a different company than the contract
for the operation of the WTE facility. When there are problems in providing enough railcars
to keep up with the delivery of waste at the WTE Facility, the operational consequences from
the excess waste on the tipping floor are not handled by the bypass disposal contractor, but
are handled by the System and the WTE operator. If the WTE was contracted to deal with
the problems of excess waste on the tipping floor, they may have an incentive to provide
more efficient service in handling ash and bypass waste from the WTE facility. Combining
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-10
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
the contract for the operation of the WTE facility with the ash and bypass waste disposal
contract may reduce the competitiveness of bids. Since the WTE operators do not operate the
transfer stations, a combined contract may not have any effect on operational problems at the
transfer stations from excess waste due to a lack of adequate railcars.
7. Maintain the WTE Facility to continue operations after bond retirement to serve the City of
Spokane only.
If the current Spokane Regional Solid Waste System were disbanded and the County and the
regional cities chose to contract with other disposal facilities, the City of Spokane should
consider the feasibility of operating the WTE facility for City of Spokane residents.
8. Sell the WTE Facility to a private company or public energy utility.
The City of Spokane could consider selling the WTE Facility to a private company or public
energy utility.
9. Sell Malloy Prairie Ash Landfill site.
The City of Spokane could consider selling the Malloy Prairie ash landfill site. Selling the
property would reduce the competitiveness of the System in negotiating a new ash disposal
contract.
10. Prohibit importation of waste for combustion at the WTE Facility.
The WTE accepts certain wastes from outside of the county. These include wastes that the
generator specifically wants disposed in the incinerator to ensure destruction, such as secure
documents, drug paraphernalia, or proprietary materials. The System charges a premium rate
for these "special burns."
11. Recycle the fly ash from the WTE Facility.
Ash recycling is discussed in Section 10, Miscellaneous Waste.
12. Confirm that the WTE plant can meet requirements if Washington adopts the California
standard of COz emissions for energy sources.
The use of waste-to-energy technology prevents the release of forty million metric tons of
greenhouse gases in the form of carbon dioxide equivalents that otherwise would be released
into the atmosphere on an annual basis, according to an analysis developed by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and the Integrated Waste Services Association (IWSA)
using EPA's Decision Support Tool program. Annual reporting by IWSA to the U.S.
Department of Energy's Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program confirms that
waste-to-energy also prevents the release each year of nearly 24,000 tons of nitrogen oxides
and 2.6 million tons of volatile organic compounds from entering the atmosphere.
America's waste-to-energy facilities dispose of trash, and are an alternative to land disposal
that releases methane (a potent greenhouse gas) as trash decomposes. Waste-to-energy also
produces electricity, lessening reliance on fossil fuel power plants that release carbon dioxide,
another greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere when coal or oil is burned. Operation of waste-
to-energy plants avoid the release of inethane that otherwise would be emitted when trash
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-11
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
decomposes, and the release of COz that would be emitted from generating electricity from
fossil fuels.
In addition to the analysis using EPA's Decision Support Tool, and 8 years of reporting by
the IWSA to the U.S. Department of Energy, a detailed, project analysis of a facility's
contribution to solving the threat of global warming has been completed for a 1500-ton-per-
day waste-to-energy facility in the Northeast.
Researchers used information regarding alternative landfill disposal, plant emissions, trash
composition, and other plant-specific data and analyzed the information using the EPA
Decision Support Tool. The study determined that about 270,000 tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent emissions are avoided annually because of this one plant's operations. Company
officials currently are talking to greenhouse gas credit brokers about marketing the reductions
to buyers of GHG credits.
13. Consider alternative energy recovery disposal methods (earthen digester-or other similar
facility) as alternative to trap methane gas and use for energy.
This topic is discussed in Section 9, Landfills.
8.4 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. Evaluations and comparisons of the energy recovery alternatives discussed
above lead this Plan to recommend implementing a progressive but monitored approach to
operating the Waste to Energy facility. This approach will provide for continued responsible
maintenance and operation of the facility while maintaining a sustainable balance of costs
and benefits to Spokane County residents and businesses. Some of the alternatives have been
modified to allow for further assessment or monitoring of an issue before implementation.
This was because the issue was either not fully supported by SWAC members, or SWAC did
not have enough knowledge of the issue to warrant implementation without further study. An
estimated timeframe for implementation of each recommendation is listed in Section 14,
Implementation. Those alternatives that did not move forward as a recommendation were
generally unsupported by SWAC and the public input process.
Provided that the WTE facility remains an element of the region's solid waste management
strategy, plant operations must remain responsive enough to be able to meet future State and
Federal air emissions requirements through the application of maximum achievable controls
technology in a manner that is deemed cost effective and affordable.
The federal government considers municipal solid waste to be a renewable energy source.
The electricity produced from steam, generated as a result of the mass burn process, is a
clean, easily distributed form of energy that contributes to the sustainability of our
community. The revenue generated from the sale of the recovered energy helps offset the
cost of the overall waste management system and allows for the subsequent disposal of solid
waste in a manner that is less harmful to our environment. Additionally, there remains a
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-12
SECTION S ENERGY RECOVERY/INCINERATION
substantial amount of low-grade process heat after the steam turbine electrical generation
process that might be sold as district heat in nearby development of the Spokane Airport
Business Park.
The Plan recommends the careful assessment of expansion of the WTE Plant, specifically the
addition of a third boiler, including considering the impacts from regional solid waste
generation volumes. However, the capital bonds required to pay for the initial construction
of the WTE Plant will be completely paid off by 2011. This will significantly lower the
annual cash flow requirements of the system and perhaps allow for a substantive reduction in
tipping fees. The plant has been well maintained and with continued maintenance, has many
years of useful life remaining. Therefore, it makes sense to continue operations under the
conditions stated above and to take advantage of this opportunity to lower overall system
costs and/or tipping fees to competitive levels.
The Plan strongly encourages assessing all options that can reduce the cost of plant
operations to be considered, including in-house operation, contracted operations, or its sale to
a private entity.
The Plan also recommends consideration be given for additional waste processing on the
receiving side in order to remove more material that is not burnable and to increase the
recovery of recyclable materials. Similarly, the Plan recommends the pursuit of post-
processing technologies for the substantial amount of residual ash that is a byproduct of the
mass burn process. Possible applications include encouraging the use of bottom ash as a
component of non-structural fill for roads, parking lots, and building sites. Possible uses for
the fly ash might be as a component in cementitious construction materials as a substitute for
cement. Additional waste processing at the WTE Plant and the system transfer stations can
further increase recycling rates and improve the overall performance of the plant.
Finally, the Plan encourages the local consumption of the WTE Plant's energy production to
help satisfy the area's needs, particularly for public infrastructure that is more heavily energy
dependent, such as wastewater treatment or an electrified regional light rail system.
L Maintain the WTE Facility to continue operations after bond retirement.
2. Assess issues and parameters of adding a third boiler to the WTE Facility.
3. Evaluate front-end processing of waste to improve recovery of material prior to
incineration.
4. Assess development of Malloy Prairie landfill site for ash disposal.
6. Assess combining the ash and bypass disposal contract with the WTE operating contract
instead of renewing the existing contract.
8. Assess sale of the WTE Facility to a private company or public energy utility.
9. Assess sale of Malloy Prairie landfill site.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 8-13
SECTION 9
Landfill Disposal
9.1 Introduction
Landfills are disposal facilities or a part of a facility at which solid waste is permanently
placed in or on the land, including facilities that use solid waste as a component of fill
(Chapter 173.350.100 WAC). Landfilling of solid waste involves placing waste material in
specially prepared sites that are regulated under Chapters 173-350 and 351WAC. Solid
wastes are spread in thin layers, compacted to reduce volume, and covered each day with a
material such as soil or a special synthetic cover. Modern landfills are sited, designed, and
operated to prevent any adverse effects to ground- and surface water or to surrounding land
uses.
Landfills are an important component of any solid waste program. For Spokane County,
landfilling is a necessary and integral part of their disposal system requirements because:
• A landfill provides disposal for nonprocessible solid waste that cannot be incinerated, or
bypass waste that exceeds the capacity of the WTE Facility and rail is not immediately
available.
• An ash monofill, which is a landfill designed to accept ash, provides for the disposal of
ash residue from the WTE Facility.
• A landfill provides an immediate emergency backup disposal option for disaster
management if rail is not immediately available.
The current landfill program for Spokane County includes the export of nonprocessible and
bypass wastes, as well as incinerator ash, to the Roosevelt Regional Landfill (RRLF)located
in Klickitat County, Washington. In addition, the System owns and operates a 10-acre lined
municipal solid waste (MSW) cell at the Northside Landfill (NSLF), which receives
primarily bypass construction, demolition, and landclearing debris and inert waste material
(CDL/�, and is designed under the Minimum Functional Standards (Chapter 173-351 WAC).
9.1.1 Goals and Objectives
Spokane County's primary goals for landfilling are to:
• Provide adequate backup disposal capacity for MSW and, as needed, WTE ash during the
planning period (2009 to 2029).
• Provide facilities that allow for disposal in a cost-effective and environmentally sound
manner.
• Continue to develop and procure cost-effective agreements for out-of-county disposal of
bypass, nonprocessible, and incinerator ash at the regional landfills over the planning
period.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-1
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
• Maintain in county landfilling capacity or out-of-county landfill contingency plans to
ensure that a backup disposal system is available for emergency situations.
9.1.2 Recommendations of the 1998 Plan for Landfills
As part of the 2009 Plan update process, recommendations from the 1998 Plan were
reviewed to determine their status and to determine whether they should be considered in the
2009 Plan. The following recommendations regarding landfills were implemented:
1. The System should continue using the RRLF for its ash disposal needs for the remainder
of the term of its contract with Regional Disposal Company (RDC). If bypass and
nonprocessibles are not sent to the NSLF, these wastes should continue to be sent to the
RRLF.
2. Two to three years prior to the expiration of the System's contract with RDC, System
staff should investigate whether to issue a request for proposals or bids to the private
sector for out-of-county disposal of ash and bypass MSW, or exercise its option to extend
its contract with RDC for another 5-year term. The System should consider renegotiation
of its contract prior to this time if an opportunity develops for the System to receive more
favorable contract terms.
3. Because of environmental considerations, including aquifer protection, no new unlined
sites for the land disposal of demolition materials, tires, or industrial wastes shall be
allowed within Spokane County or in any incorporated areas within the County. Inert
wastes, if separated from non-inert demolition materials, may continue to be accepted by
unlined inert landfills or used as fill. Inert waste, in this recommendation, means
noncombustible solid wastes such as clean and uncontaminated rocks, cured cement,
sands and soils, glass, and bricks. Noncombustible materials not listed above may be
considered "inert waste" if designated inert based in WAC 173-350-990. Any new private
or public landfill proposal or expansion of existing landfills must be accompanied by a
full Environmental Impact Statement rather than a Checklist, and must meet zoning
requirements.
9.2 Existing Conditions
A map depicting the location of landfills in Spokane County is included as Exhibit 9-1. A
table identifying the operating characteristics of each landfill is included in Exhibit 9-2.
9.2.1 Closed Landfills
Five landfills in Spokane County are closed and are undergoing post-closure activities: the
Colbert, Greenacres, Mica, Northside (portion), and Southside landfills. The Marshall
landfill is partially closed. All are located in unincorporated areas of the county.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-2
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
EXHIBIT 9-1
Landfills in Spokane County
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-3
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
EXHIBIT 9-2
Spokane County Landfills
Landfill Status Operations Date Waste Delivery Post-Closure
Ceased Period (years)
Colbert Landfill Closed Public-Spokane County Operations-Oct. 1986 20
Covered 1996
Greenacres Closed Public-Spokane County Operations- 1972 Covered 30
Landfill 1996
Mica Landfill Closed Public-Spokane County Operations- Dec. 1994 30
Covered- 1994
Northside Landfill Closed Public-City of Spokane Operations- Dec. 1991 40
(old landfill portion) Covered- 1992
Southside Landfill Closed Public-City of Spokane July 1987 40
Marshall Landfill Partially Private(defunct) Operations- Dec. 1991 To be determined
Closed Interim Cover 1991
Northside Landfill Open Public-City of Spokane Not scheduled N.A.
(MSW cell)
Graham Road Open Private-Waste Mgmt. Not scheduled N.A.
9.2.1.1 Unincorporated Areas (County Owned)
Colbert Landfill
The Colbert Landfill, owned by Spokane County, was a solid waste landfill operated by the
County between 1968 and 1986. In addition to accepting MSW, the landfill accepted spent
chlorinated solvents and other petroleum compounds during a portion of its operational
history. The spent chlorinated solvents impacted groundwater in the landfill vicinity. The
landfill was named a National Priorities List(NPL) site under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act(CERCLA)in 1982. The
Remedial Investigation (RI)for the landfill identified six main contaminants affecting
groundwater at the site. The Consent Decree identified the six hazardous substances as
"constituents of concern" for groundwater impacted by the landfill, and required Spokane
County to design, construct, and operate a groundwater pump-and-treat system as the
remedial action (RA)to address groundwater contamination emanating from the landfill.
Construction of the RA treatment facility was completed in June 1994. The facility consists
of 10 groundwater extraction wells; conveyance piping; a treatment facility; an integrated
instrumentation control, monitoring and data collection system; and a groundwater
compliance monitoring system. The extracted groundwater is treated by air stripping at the
treatment facility, which is located near the southwest corner of the landfill. Treated
groundwater is discharged to the Little Spokane River.
Currently, the treatment plant is operating 24 hours a day and is expected to be online for the
next 20 to 30 years. To meet compliance criteria, the influent and effluent, extraction wells,
monitoring wells and selected domestic wells are monitored frequently for the constituents of
concern as well as other environmental indicator parameters.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-4
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
Additionally, the groundwaters impacted by the landfill are carefully monitored for
drawdown and constituent concentrations throughout frequent system adjustments, and
during adjustments for seasonal fluctuations in groundwater levels.
During site characterization, pilot studies, and treatment plant construction phases, Spokane
County was given permission by the regulatory agencies to delay actual closure of the landfill
site. When the studies and construction were completed, design of the cover system
commenced in April 1995, and has been completed. The final cover system consists of a gas
collection and treatment system, a�IDPE geomembrane cover system, erosion control ditches
and stormwater infiltration system, and perimeter security fencing. The final cover system
was designed in accordance with the Washington State Minimum Functional Standards.
Greenacres Landfill
The Greenacres Landfill was used as a dump site as early as the 1940s. In 1951, the property
was deeded to the Greenacres Township for use as a municipal dump. Upon dissolution of
the township governmental structure in 1967, the responsibility for operating and regulating
the site passed to Spokane County, which owns the landfill and was responsible for landfill
operations until the site was closed in 1972.
During routine monitoring in 1978, Ecology discovered contaminants in a residential well
located 600 feet downgradient of the landfill. In 1983, as a result of the contamination found
at the well, the site was nominated for Superfund eligibility. The Greenacres Landfill was
placed on the NPL in 1984 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
In 1987, the County initiated a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). The RI was
completed in 1989 and the FS in 1991. The final FS contained two different points of view.
This is an uncommon occurrence, and because of the disagreement on the necessity for
compliance with certain regulations, both Ecology and Spokane County's points of view
were included in the final FS.
In 1994, Ecology issued an Enforcement Order requiring the County to monitor the
groundwater for a number of indicator parameters over a 3-year period. At the end of the
3 years, a statistical analysis was performed to determine if the groundwater data met the "No
Further Action" criteria outlined in the Enforcement Order. The data did not meet these
criteria, and an RA involving the construction of an impermeable landfill cover and
associated components was required.
The landfill cover system construction was completed in 1999. Other components include
a landfill gas treatment system and stormwater collection system. The site also incorporates
a long-term groundwater monitoring program.
Mica Landfill
The Mica Landfill was an MSW landfill owned by Spokane County and operated from 1972
to late 1991. From 1974 to 1987, Kaiser disposed of aluminum slag, known as black dross,
at Mica. In 1984, a dangerous waste permit application was submitted to Ecology for
disposal of black dross at the landfill.
In 1981, the EPA sampled the original Mica monitoring well and a domestic well located
one-half mile to the south of the landfill. A solvent, 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, was detected in
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-5
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
both wells. In response, Spokane County initiated a three-phase assessment of the potential
groundwater contamination. EPA conducted a preliminary assessment in 1984; and in 1985,
Mica Landfill was added to the NPL.
In 1988, Ecology and Spokane County entered into a Consent Decree obligating the County
to perform an RI/FS. The RI was completed and approved in 1992. As a result of the
findings in the RI, Spokane County agreed to place a dangerous waste cover on the landfill as
part of an Interim Action (IA) clause of the Model Toxics Control Act(MTCA). Cover
system construction began in early 1994 and was completed in July 1995. The landfill cover
system includes leachate and gas collection systems and stormwater controls.
Under the IA agreement, the landfill was monitored for a period of 5 years after completion
of the cover system construction. At the end of the 5-year period (ending in 2000), Ecology
reviewed the monitoring data collected at the landfill to evaluate cover performance and
establish groundwater compliance criteria. Based on this review, Ecology approved a Final
Cleanup Action Plan that incorporates the same components as the IA and includes a landfill
cover system, leachate and gas collection systems, stormwater controls, institutional controls,
standard maintenance and operations, and a long-term groundwater monitoring program.
9.2.1.2 Municipalities
The City of Spokane is the only municipality in the County with closed landfills.
Northside Landfill - Closed Portion
The Northside Landfill, owned by the City of Spokane, is a 350-acre site in the northwest
corner of the City (see Exhibit 9-1). The site became the area's primary refuse dump in about
1931. During the 1930s and into the 1940s, the northeast portion of the site was an open
dump where the refuse was burned. A refuse incinerator was constructed in the 1940s, but
open burning continued at the site into the late 1950s. Between 1962 and 1973, landfilling
began in the central area of the site using land-spreading techniques. In 1973, trench filling
began in the landfill area adjacent to Nine Mile Road.
In the early 1980s, hydrogeologic investigations revealed the presence of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs)in offsite groundwater samples taken from residential wells located
northwest of the landfill. Spokane immediately supplied the residences with bottled water,
and approved the extension of municipal water to the area.
On October 15, 1984, the EPA proposed the NSLF for inclusion on the NPL, which
designates the site as a priority cleanup site. The site was formally placed on the NPL on
June 10, 1986. In February 1986, Ecology and the City of Spokane signed an agreement for
the NSLF site. Based on that report, dry cleaning sludges and wastewater treatment plant
skimmings were identified as potential sources of chemical contamination in the landfill
waste.
Spokane conducted an RI and submitted a draft RI report in October 1986; a draft FS report
was submitted in early 1987.
In this report, Spokane evaluated various alternatives for addressing contamination problems
in three areas: contaminated refuse, treatment plant skimmings, and groundwater.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-6
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
After reviewing the draft FS, EPA and Ecology asked the City of Spokane to install
additional monitoring wells. These wells were required to help characterize the extent of the
contamination plume in the aquifer. Spokane and Ecology were unable to come to an
agreement on the proposed wells, and Ecology requested that EPA take lead agency status for
the project. Subsequently, EPA signed a consent order with Spokane on March 16, 1988, to
complete the wells and undertake future remedial actions. On January 23, 1991, the U.S.
District Court formally signed the NSLF Consent Decree.
The NSLF stopped receiving wastes by December 31, 1991, in accordance with the Consent
Decree. Landfill closure activities were initiated with the development of the Closure and
Future Operations Plan for the NSLF (CH2M HILL, 1991). Closure activities that have been
completed at the site include:
• Groundwater extraction and treatment(system construction completed April 1992).
• Landfill gas collection and treatment(system construction completed November 1992).
• Onsite sewer relocation, operation, and maintenance (system construction completed
December 1992).
• Construction of a cover system for the old 150-acre landfill area in accordance with the
Minimum Functional Standards (MFS, WAC 173-304) (system construction completed
November 1992).
• Surface water drainage control and infiltration system (system construction completed
November 1992).
• Groundwater monitoring (ongoing).
The City of Spokane will continue to perform gas extraction, gas sampling, cover system
maintenance and water monitoring on the site during the post-closure period. The
groundwater extraction and treatment system will function until indicator VOC parameters
monitored in groundwater wells fall below the threshold criteria established in the Consent
Decree. Site maintenance has also increased as the cover system and flare station age. In
1993, the Washington State Professional Engineers Association gave the Outstanding Civil
Engineering Achievement Award of Merit to the NSLF Closure Project.
Southside Landfill
This closed landfill contains approximately 72 acres, is over 30 years old, and was part of the
Moran Township disposal site prior to 1960. The Southside Landfill stopped accepting waste
on July 21, 1987. During 1988, the site was closed in compliance with Washington State
landfill closure requirements (WAC 173-304). The final cover system consists of a landfill
gas collection and treatment system, a geomembrane cover [60-mil high-density polyethylene
(HDPE)], drainage and vegetation layers, and stormwater control berms and ditches.
The site is secured around its entire perimeter, with no public access allowed on the covered
area and only limited public access in certain portions of the site. The City of Spokane
maintains a mobile home at the landfill for an onsite caretaker. Operations include erosion
control, grading control and repair, maintenance, site security, operation of a landfill gas flare
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-7
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
station, internal and external methane control, cap maintenance, and ongoing gas and
groundwater monitoring.
9.2.1.3 Private Landfills
Marshall Landfill
The Marshall Landfill is privately owned and was privately operated. The landfill is located
eight miles southwest of the City of Spokane, about 0.5-mile west of the unincorporated town
of Marshall. This disposal facility received wastes from the Cities of Cheney, Spangle,
Medical Lake, and Airway Heights, as well as from southwest portions of Spokane County.
However, this facility was not used by the other cities within the County. Fairchild Air Force
Base disposed most of its solid waste at this facility during the landfill's operation. In
addition, a small portion of the total waste received at the Marshall Landfill was imported by
a private refuse collector from Lincoln County.
Landfilling at the Marshall Landfill was initiated in 1971, adj acent to a County landfill that
operated from 1954 to 1971. The Marshall landfill received municipal solid waste and
industrial wastes, including black dross. Waste from a creosote spill was also disposed at the
Marshall Landfill.
The Marshall Landfill accepted solid waste from 1971 to December 1991, when its existing
variance from the Spokane Regional Health District(SRHD) expired. It was granted a
limited variance in 1992 from the SR�ID to allow for closure. However, the landfill never
operated under the 1992 variance, and closure has not been completed. A portion of the
landfill was capped. The main landfill was not capped but covered with two feet of sand.
The company that operated the Marshall Landfill was financially insolvent when operations
ceased, so the landfill was never officially closed.'
9.2.2 Landfill Regulations, Permitting, and Enforcement
A summary of landfill closure regulations, permitting requirements, and enforcement
authority for the closed MSW landfills of Spokane County is shown in Exhibit 9-3.
ExHisir 9-3
Landfill Closure Regulations, Permitting,and Enforcement Responsibilities
Landfill Landfill Regulations Permitting Requirements Enforcement
Responsibility
Colbert CERCLA EPA
Discharge to Surface Waters NPDES EPA
SRHD Solid Waste Regs/MFS Facility Permit SRHDa
SCAPCA Air Emissions Air Emis. NOC/Permit SCAPCA
Greenacres MTCA Ecology
SRHD Solid Waste Regs/MFS Facility Permit SRHDab
SCAPCA Air Emissions Air Emis. NOC/Permit SCAPCA
Mica MTCA Ecology
SRHD Solid Waste Regs/MFS Facility Permit SRHDa
SCAPCA Air Emissions Air Emmis. NOC/Permit SCAPCA
POTW Discharge Discharge Permit City of Spokane
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-8
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
ExHisir 9-3
Landfill Closure Regulations, Permitting,and Enforcement Responsibilities
Landfill Landfill Regulations Permitting Requirements Enforcement
Responsibility
Northside Record of Decision
Consent Decree EPA
SRHD Solid Waste Regs/MFS Facility Permit SRHDa
SCAPCA Air Emissions Air Operating Permit SCAPCA
Southside SRHD Solid Waste Regs/MFS Facility Permit SRHDa
Marshall MTCA Ecology
SRHD Solid Waste Regs/MFS Facility Permit SRHDab
a Ecology provides technical review and guidance to Spokane Regional Health District(SRHD) in review of
permit applications and submittals.
b SRHD permit requirements pending Model Toxics Control Act(MTCA) requirements for site remedial
actions.
MFS: Minimum Functional Standards.
SCAPCA: Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority.
CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.
NOC: Notice of Construction.
9.2.3 Operating Landfills
The operating non-inert landfills in Spokane County are the NSLF and Graham Road
Landfill. An MSW landfill cell was opened by the System at the NSLF in January 1992 for
emergency backup and disposal of bypass MSW and nonprocessible wastes from the WTE
Facility. The System also uses an out-of-county landfill for disposal of ash, bypass, and
nonprocessible waste at the RDC facility in Klickitat County. The Graham Road Landfill is a
private limited purpose facility owned and operated by Waste Management, Inc.
9.2.3.1 Unincorporated Areas
Within the unincorporated area there is only one permitted operating limited purpose landfill,
the Graham Road Recycling and Disposal Facility, which is privately owned and operated.
However, there are several private businesses within the county that accept inert waste only:
Busy Bee, Inland Asphalt Landfill, Diversified Recycling Industry, and Spokane Rock
Products (refer to Section 11 for more detailed information).
Graham Road Recycling and Disposal Facility
The Graham Road Facility is owned and operated by Waste Management of Washington,
Inc., and is located west of the City of Airway Heights and northwest of Fairchild Air Force
Base. Graham Road is a Limited Purpose Landfill that accepts construction and demolition
debris, asbestos, tires, wood, concrete, asphalt, special waste, petroleum-contaminated soils,
creosote-contaminated wood, and railroad ties. Graham Road processes and markets
recycled asphalt and concrete. In addition to traditional recycling of cardboard, metals, and
some plastics, wood waste is segregated and ground into chips for local co-generating plants.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-9
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
Graham Road has been in operation since 1991. Waste Management has owned and operated
the landfill since 1997. The Graham Road landfill disposal cells are constructed with a
composite liner system consisting of 2 feet of clay, 60 mil HDPE, 1 foot of leachate
collection gravel, a geotextile filter fabric, and 1 foot of operations layer.
Waste Management performs measurements of the Graham Road Landfill disposal volumes
and remaining capacity estimates on an annual basis. Through 2005, 1,750,000 tons
estimated capacity has been used, leaving a remaining estimated capacity of 11,588,000 tons.
Assuming typical waste volumes, the Graham Road landfill has a remaining capacity of
approximately 100 years.
Approximate historical disposal volumes since 2000 (tons):
• 2000 = 101,850
• 2001 = 103,760
• 2002 = 104,330
• 2003 = 99,940
• 2004 = 124,360
• 2005 = 343,460
9.2.3.2 System Landfill Facilities
The System uses the RRLF located in Klickitat, Washington for the majority of its landfilling
needs. The System also owns and operates the lined MSW landfill cell at the NSLF.
The availability of an MSW landfill within Spokane County is a requirement of the Waste to
Energy operating permit from the Spokane Regional Health District(SRHD). The lined cell
at NSLF fulfills this requirement currently and will for the next 5 years or so. The expansion
of the site in a phase 2 project of the initial design would provide this into the future. Other
options to fulfill the requirements of the WTE operating permit would be to construct a new
MSW landfill in Spokane County, or for Waste Management's Graham Road landfill to be
re-permitted as a Subtitle-D MSW landfill. In order to comply with the County Waste Flow
Control Agreement and the Regional City Interlocal Agreements, any new or re-designated
landfill intending to accept MSW generated within Spokane County would need to be
designated as a System facility.
Currently, there are three types of waste managed by System facilities that are eventually
disposed in a landfill, either in or outside of Spokane County: ash, bypass MSW from the
WTE facility, and non-processible wastes such as sheet rock from the WTE and System
transfer stations (see Exhibit 9-4).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-10
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
ExHisir 9-4
System Landfill Use
Material Landfill Location
Ash from the Spokane WTE Facility RRLF Out of County
Bypass waste from the WTE Facility RRLF or NSLF Both in and out of County
Nonprocessible wastes that are not suitable for RRLF or NSLF Both in and out of County
recycling or processing at the WTE Facility
RRLF: Roosevelt Regional Landfill.
NSLF: Northside Landfill.
Ash from the WTE Facility has been regulated as special incinerator ash and is subject to the
requirements of Chapter 173-306 WAC, Special Incinerator Ash Management Standards.
The Facility's ash is treated onsite using the Wesphix process. Test results indicate that the
ash consistently passes TCLP, pH, and bioassay tests, and therefore is neither a dangerous
waste nor special incinerator ash.
The System uses RRLF for ash disposal. However, the City of Spokane continues to own an
unpermitted reserve ash disposal site (Malloy Prairie)that is located in Spokane County and
has potential as a future ash disposal site. Currently, ash is loaded into containers and sent by
rail to the RRLF, operated by RDC, which is an affiliate of Rabanco Companies Ltd. From
1992 to 2005, the System sent an average of 87,922.25 tons per year of ash to the RRLF for
disposal. RDC owns and operates the Roosevelt Landfill, located approximately 200 miles
southwest of Spokane in Klickitat County, Washington, as shown in Exhibit 9-5.
ExHisir 9-5
Location of Roosevelt Regional Landfill
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ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-11
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
The System must also manage bypass waste diverted from the WTE facility when it is off-
line for maintenance or because waste flow temporarily exceeds plant capacity. Bypass waste
is sent to the RRLF or disposed at the NSLF MSW cell. The amount of bypass waste varies
from year to year. For example, the System had an estimated 38,274 tons of bypass waste in
2003 and 41,423 tons of bypass waste in 2004. Furthermore, the RRLF is used for
nonprocessible wastes (wastes that cannot be recycled or incinerated at the WTE facility).
The System entered into a 10-year contract(from September 11, 1991)with RDC to provide
for the transportation and disposal of facility residue and the disposal of certain System
bypass and nonprocessible waste at the Roosevelt Landfill. The System extended the
contract to 2011 with one additional 5-year term.
The System also uses the NSLF MSW cell for a small amount of nonprocessible waste that
typically consists of large bulky items, CDL waste, and assorted material not suitable for
burning.
The NSLF MSW cell accepted 16,556 tons of waste in 2003 and 13,081 tons in 2004.
Exhibit 9-6 shows the volume of waste materials hauled to landfills outside of Spokane
County, and the rates charged.
EXHIBIT 9-fi
Waste Landfilled Out of Spokane County,2004
Materials Tons Rate($ per ton)
As h 84,951 42.27
Bypass MSW First 10,000 44.25
25,338 42.22
CDL(Sheetrock and other non-burnables) 6,115 51.89
Northside Landfill MSW Cell
The MSW cell constructed at the NSLF (Exhibit 9-7)is the only operating landfill permitted
to receive MSW waste in Spokane County. The NSLF is owned and operated by the City of
Spokane. The NSLF MSW cell is designed to be developed in phases. The Phase 1 cell was
constructed in 1991 and opened for disposal in January 1992. It was initially developed for
disposal of materials that could not be processed at the WTE facility, and also serve as an
emergency facility (contingency measure)to dispose of MSW in the event that the WTE
plant was inoperable. A demolition waste disposal cell (unlined)was also constructed as part
of the Phase 1 MSW cell work This cell is positioned east of the MSW Cell. The original
plan was to locate the two cells side-by-side to allow simultaneous disposal of MSW and
demolition waste. The cells were designed to allow for Phase 2 expansion of the lined MSW
cell by extending the bottom liner east into the demolition cell footprint. Demolition waste
would be disposed in the eastern extent of the demolition cell to allow the MSW liner to
extend as far as possible into the demolition cell area.
Currently, only the western lined area is used for waste disposal. The eastern unlined area,
currently not permitted, has not been used since Washington State updated the solid waste
handling standards in 2003 and the definition of inert waste landfills changed. No material
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-12
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
went into the unlined cell in 2004 and only one load per year was delivered for 2001, 2002,
and 2003.
The available volume within the Phase 1 disposal area is approximately 400,000 cubic yards
(CY). In the 1991 design for Phase 2 expansion, approximately 600,000 CY of disposal
capacity would be added to the current MSW area, and approximately 500,000 CY of
disposal capacity would be available in the eastern demolition/inert disposal cell. Since only
a limited amount of demolition waste has been placed in the southeast corner area of the
demolition cell, the System has concluded that the air space is too valuable to use as
demolition cell, and has revised the Phase 2 plans. The revised Phase 2 expansion eliminates
the demolition waste disposal area and designs Phase 2 with an additional 1 million CY of
lined MSW cell area, bringing the total capacity for MSW disposal to approximately
1,500,000 CY.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-13
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�SSECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
The MSW cell has a liner, leachate collection system, and leak detection system. The bottom
liner consists of 2 feet of soil-bentonite clay with permeability no greater than 1 x 10-6 cm/
second covered by a 60-mil HDPE geomembrane. The geomembrane is covered by 3 feet of
sand to protect the liner and to provide for leachate drainage. To enhance leachate drainage,
strip drains are placed on top of the geomembrane to convey leachate to collection pipes
located in the center of the cell and along the base of the side slopes. Leachate collector
pipes are provided with clean-outs located at the top of the cell sideslopes for periodic
maintenance by flushing or jetting. The leachate collectors join at the west end of the MSW
cell where leachate is conveyed through a completely enclosed flow measurement element in
a leachate manhole and on into an adjacent sanitary sewer for disposal and treatment at the
City of Spokane's Riverside Park Water Reclamation Facility.
Perforated leak detection pipes are located beneath the center and perimeter leachate
collectors. The leak detection pipes are surrounded by drain gravel and sand and placed
above a 60-mil HDPE geomembrane that is joined to the soil-bentonite liner. The leak
detection system conveys leakage through three solid pipes to a leak detection manhole at the
west end of the MSW cell. The three pipes allow separate monitoring for leaks in the central
and west perimeter leachate collector, the north perimeter collector, and the south perimeter
collector.
The System is in discussions with the Washington State Department of Ecology and Spokane
Regional Health District over concerns of the adequacy of the existing groundwater
monitoring program, and its ability to meet the intent of 173-351 WAC. The agencies have
requested that the System evaluate the hydrogeologic data and provide additional
documentation and hydrogeologic borings to better demonstrate that the existing groundwater
monitoring network can comply with the requirements of WAC 173-351 for the MSW Cell.
The System is working with CH2M Hill to address these concerns in preparation of the
permitting process to begin design of Phase 2 expansion.
The NSLF MSW cell has been in operation since December 1991 and has received wastes
since January 1992. Most of the material deposited in the MSW cell has been construction
and demolition materials and nonprocessible wastes. A summary of the material weights
disposed at the landfill over the last 4 years is provided in Exhibit 9-8.
EXHIBIT 9-$
Northside Landfill MSW Cell Disposal Weights
Year Gate Weight
(tons/year)
2001 11,390
2002 14,965
2003 17,110
2004 13,080
One factor in the variable yearly tonnages is how often the NSLF MSW cell is used as
emergency backup when the WTE Facility is down for maintenance and rail haul is not
available.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-��
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
The reliability of rail haul has significantly diminished over the last few years, leaving the
NSLF as the only MSW disposal option. The unpredictable rail service has been experienced
state-wide, and does not appear to have an immediate solution. This is one reason the NSLF
MSW cell is an essential facility, and critical to the disposal needs of Spokane County.
Periodic measurements of the landfill disposal volumes and remaining capacity estimates
have been performed by the System. Through 2004, 273,804 CY estimated capacity in the
MSW cell has been used, leaving a remaining estimated capacity of 126,196 CY or 63,098
tons (using an average waste density of 1,000 lbs/CY). Assuming waste disposal tonnages
remain consistent with previous years (11,000 to 16,000 tons/per year), the NSLF Phase I
disposal area has a remaining capacity of 4 to 6 years.
Haulers that use the NSLF MSW cell are charged at the gate the following rates (2004):
• $98.00 per ton for MSW to lined cell
• $15.73 per cubic yard MSW to lined cell plus an administrative fee
Landfill regulations, permitting requirements, and enforcement responsibilities for the
Northside MSW cell are summarized in Exhibit 9-9.
ExHisir 9-9
Northside Landfill MSW Cell Regulations, Permitting, and Enforcement Responsibilities
Landfill Regulations Permitting Requirements Enforcement Responsibility
SRHD Solid Waste Regulations 1.01.06 Operating Permit SRHDa
Washington State Ecology Solid Waste Operating Permit SRHDa
Landfill Standards WAC 173-351
a
Ecology provides technical review and guidance to Spokane Regional Health District(SRHD)in review of permit
applications and submittals. Ecology has the authority to appeal a solid waste permit to the Pollution Control Hearings
Board.
9.3 Key Issues
Given current technology and disposal patterns, landfills are and will remain a necessary and
important component of waste management. Source reduction and recycling can divert
significant portions of the waste stream, but not all components of the waste stream are
recyclable. Combustion of the waste stream significantly reduces waste volumes, but still
requires disposal of ash and by-pass waste. Therefore, the System will be required to
continue to secure out-of-county disposal capacity or create additional capacity in the County.
The System currently uses the Roosevelt Regional Landfill (RRLF)located in Klickitat
County in South Central Washington. The landfill is designed to meet all current solid waste
landfill regulations, including WAC 173-351. This landfill currently accounts for 81 percent
of the State's disposal capacity and in 2003 received some type of solid waste from 34
counties in Washington.'
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-16
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
Many counties with landfills send waste to RRLF in order to reserve local landfill capacity
for their citizen needs." RRLF has an estimated remaining capacity of over 170,000,000 tons,
with a proj ected closure date of 2090."'
9.4 Alternatives
The following alternatives were presented during the planning process for consideration:
1. Investigate alternative transportation modes for waste transferred to an out-of-County
landfill.
2. Expand the Northside Landfill MSW cell for contingency/bypass use.
3. Examine post-closure care funding for County- and City of Spokane-owned landfills.
4. Monitor developments in alternative processing technologies for municipal solid waste.
5. Assess development of an in-county MSW landfill for use after 2011, either public or
privately owned and operated.
6. Assess long haul of municipal solid waste out of the County.
7. Assess using both the WTE Facility and out-of-County landfill for disposal of MSW.
8. Build a landfill in a remote area(in or out of the county).
9. Separate biomass from solid waste for methane gas extraction.
10. Identify needs and costs to remediate closed landfills in the County (including private
landfills).
Further information is provided below for each alternative.
1. Investigate alternative transportation modes for waste transferred to an out-of-County
landfill.
Rail haul currently is used to ship ash from the WTE facility to the Roosevelt Regional
landfill. Ash is top-loaded into 20-cubio-yard intermodal containers. Each container holds
approximately 30 tons of ash. Approximately 8 to 15 containers per day are hauled by truck
to the Burlington Northern Yardley Intermodal Hub and are loaded onto the train. Empty
containers are returned by the same method.'°
The System currently experiences problems with interrupted deliveries of containers—both
for pick-up of full containers and delivery of empty containers. In general, these problems
are due to increased use of rail lines and unavailability of trains to handle increased freight
demands. There are four regional landfills serving Washington that are accessible by rail.
The total tonnage shipped to these landfills is expected to increase in the future as more local
landfills close and counties opt to use these regional facilities. This will add further
congestion to the rail lines serving these facilities.
The U.S. Department of Transportation estimates that general rail freight tonnage will
increase by more than 50 percent by 2020.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-17
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
Rail capacity has already become a problem in some areas, especially at intermodal facilities
that represent the fastest growing segment of rail traffic.° As diesel prices continue to rise,
use of rail for general freight becomes more economical, which likely will further increase
rail congestion. It is unlikely that additional rail lines will be constructed in the near term.
The Washington State Transportation Commission is undertaking a statewide study of
strategic freight and passenger rail system needs. The study will review current and proj ected
capacity needs and assess the public benefits of state involvement in rail. A final report is
expected to be issued in December 2006.°'
The System could evaluate use of other transportation modes, primarily road hauling, for
transporting bypass waste and ash for final landfill disposal. A primary difference between
road haul and rail haul is the fact that the payload on a rail car is up to 150,000 pounds or 75
tons, while the payload on a tractor trailer is generally less than 54,000 or 22 tons. This
means that three truckloads are required to equal the capacity of one rail car. Use of trucks
versus rail will also result in additional fuel use, which could increase costs and also
emissions of greenhouse gases.
Potential benefits to road haul include:
• Highway usage is also expected to increase, but it is likely that highway capacity will be
increased in the future to keep pace with demand.
• Each train contains many containers of waste and the late arrival of a single train may
delay operations at the landfill or transfer station. With trucking each truckload may
develop a problem or be late, but it is less likely that a single problem would cause every
truck to be delayed because trucks can easily be rerouted around a problem and more
tractors/drivers can be brought in on relatively short notice.
2. Expand the Northside Landfill MSW cell for contingencylbypass use.
The System currently uses the NSLF MSW cell for limited amounts of waste. As discussed
earlier in this section, the NSLF MSW cell has an estimated remaining capacity of 4 to 6
years. In order to meet the goal of maintaining in-county landfilling capacity to ensure
backup disposal, the System should consider expansion of the NSLF.
• The available airspace in the existing lined footprint of the MSW Cell (Phase 1)is
approximately 400,000 CY With the designed (1991)Phase 2 expansion, the MSW Cell
would grow an additional 600,000 CY; with approximately 500,000 CY of demolition
waste disposal capacity in the eastern extent of the demolition cell (total airspace of
approximately 1.5 million CY). To date, only a limited amount of demolition waste has
been placed in the southeast corner area of the demolition cell. The current plan is to
eliminate the demolition waste disposal area and re-design Phase 2 with an additional
1 million CY of lined MSW cell area.
3. Examine additional post-closure care funding for County- and City-owned landfills.
Once a landfill has stopped accepting waste, federal and state regulations require that a final
cover be put on the landfill and the landfill owner is responsible for post-closure care.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-18
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
During post-closure care, the landfill owner is required to operate and maintain the systems
designed to control releases to the environment including leachate collection and treatment
systems, landfill gas collection systems, surface water controls, groundwater monitoring
systems, and the final cover. Post-closure care must continue for a minimum of 20 years.
Financial assurance also is required when corrective action is necessary to clean up releases
to groundwater.
Closure and post-closure costs can be significant. Federal and state laws generally require
landfill owners to set aside funds during the active life of the landfill to cover closure and
post-closure costs. Typically, a portion of the tipping fees collected while the facility is in
operation is put into a reserve fund for closure and post-closure care.
The County currently must fund the post-closure activities for three landfills. The City of
Spokane has two landfills that it must fund for post-closure activities. The System could
investigate the possibility of assisting the County and City of Spokane with funding for these
activities once the System's current bonds are retired.
4. Monitor and assess developments in alternative processing technologies for municipal
solid waste, and promote those that are viable.
Several technologies, traditionally used for biosolids management, are being adapted for
managing municipal solid waste, primarily for organics processing. While their use is not
currently widespread for municipal solid waste, they show promise for being commercially
developed.
Some of these methods include:
• Anaerobic digestion: This process breaks down organic material through the action of
microorganisms. The process occurs in the absence of oxygen in an airtight vessel, called
a reactor or digester. Several different digester technologies have been developed. Most
common are cylindrical vessels with a turbine to mix the material. Following the
anaerobic process, the solids may be cured in standard composting type systems. The
biogas generated from this process can be used as an energy source. This system is
commonly used for sewage sludge, but treatment of municipal solid waste is a relatively
new application of the technology.
• Biorefining: This process breaks down organic material through chemical or physical
reactions such as hydrolysis by acids, enzymes, or steam rather than by microorganisms.
Biorefining typically is used with agricultural wastes to produce ethanol; however,
processes are emerging for producing ethanol from municipal solid waste.
• Thermal transformation: Waste is heated in a controlled oxygen environment to drive off
reduced or only partly oxidized gases. A variety of different technologies, all of which
drive off biogas from the waste, fall within this group, including:
— Pyrolysis, which heats the waste in the absence of oxygen.
— Gasification, which heats the waste and reacts it with a controlled input of oxygen.
— Plasma arc, which runs high-voltage electricity through the waste, in the absence of
oxygen.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-19
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
The products of thermal transformation are a biogas fuel, and can include energy and a
compost product.
At present, these technologies are not fully commercialized in the United States for municipal
solid waste; however, the System could track ongoing research and development of these
technologies for possible implementation at some point in the future if the technologies
become more feasible.
Bioreactors are a new technology currently being tested around the country for waste
disposal. The primary function of a bioreactor is to accelerate the degradation of municipal
solid waste. The increase in waste degradation and stabilization is accomplished through the
addition of liquid and, in some cases, air to enhance microbial processes. Bioreactors are a
new approach to landfill design and operation that differ from the traditional "dry tomb"
municipal landfill approach.
There are three different general types of bioreactor landfill configurations:
• Aerobic: In an aerobic bioreactor landfill, leachate is removed from the bottom layer,
piped to liquids storage tanks, and re-circulated into the landfill in a controlled manner.
Air is injected into the waste mass, using vertical or horizontal wells, to promote aerobic
activity and accelerate waste stabilization.
• Anaerobic: In an anaerobic bioreactor landfill, moisture is added to the waste mass in the
form of recirculated leachate and other sources to obtain optimal moisture levels.
Biodegradation occurs in the absence of oxygen (anaerobically) and produces landfill gas.
Landfill gas, primarily methane, can be captured to minimize greenhouse gas emissions
and for energy proj ects.
• Hybrid (Aerobic-Anaerobic): The hybrid bioreactor landfill accelerates waste
degradation by employing a sequential aerobic-anaerobic treatment to rapidly degrade
organics in the upper sections of the landfill and collect gas from lower sections.
Operation as a hybrid results in the earlier onset of inethanogenesis compared to aerobic
landfills.
Potential advantages of bioreactors include:
• Decomposition and biological stabilization in years versus decades in"dry tombs."
• Lower waste toxicity and mobility due to both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
• A 15 to 30 percent gain in landfill space due to an increase in density of waste mass. This
recovered airspace can offer landfill operators the opportunity to extend the operating life
of the landfill.
• Significant increased landfill gas generation that, when captured, can be used for energy
use onsite or sold.
• Reduced post-closure care.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-20
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
• Research has shown that municipal solid waste can be rapidly degraded and made less
hazardous (due to degradation of organics and the sequestration of inorganics)by
enhancing and controlling the moisture within the landfill under aerobic and/or anaerobic
conditions. Leachate quality in a bioreactor rapidly improves, which leads to reduced
leachate disposal costs.
Currently, the routine use of bioreactors is limited by current federal and state regulations,
which generally are written to keep liquids out of landfills. Experimental and demonstration
projects can be approved under the federal Research Development and Demonstration
(RD&D) provisions of 40 CFR 258.4. This regulation allows states that have adopted to rule
to issue research permits for 3 years (renewable four times)to landfills that want to
demonstrate the technology.
While still experimental, bioreactor technology may show promise for future landfill designs.
The System may wish to monitor developments and incorporate these features if a new
landfill is planned in the future.
5. Assess development of an in-County MSW landfill for use after 2011, either public or
privately owned and operated.
The System could elect to site, permit, and develop a new landfill in Spokane County that
meets the regulatory requirements established by the Washington Department of Ecology. To
be a viable disposal alternative, the landfill should be designed and permitted to accept the
daily disposal tonnage needed by the System and should provide a minimum of 20 years of
capacity. Capital costs that need to be considered include land acquisition, environmental
studies, engineering design and permitting costs, new cell construction costs, closure
construction costs, and post-closure maintenance costs. Landfill operating costs also need to
be evaluated for waste placement, compaction, cover, and environmental monitoring and
control measures.
Options for this alternative include public ownership and operation, private ownership and
operation, or a combination public/private ownership and operation. Groundwater recharge
issues and topography conducive to efficient landfill operations limit the availability of land
within Spokane County for viable MSW landfill consideration.
6. Assess long haul of municipal solid waste out of the County.
Solid waste landfills located outside of Spokane County, including those located outside of
Washington State, provide a potentially viable option for future disposal of municipal solid
waste. Potential landfills should meet the following requirements:
• Must be in compliance with applicable landfill regulatory requirements.
• Must be permitted to accept the daily tonnage required by the System.
• Must have significant remaining disposal capacity to address long-term disposal needs.
Evaluation of long hauling solid waste out of the county must take into account transfer costs,
transportation costs and availability, and disposal tipping fees:
• Because the System currently operates two transfer stations, transfer costs should not
change significantly.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-21
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
• Transportation costs are likely to be significant and will correlate with the distance
between the point of transfer and the disposal location. With a large portion of costs
attributed to driver labor costs and fuel costs, overall transportation costs will increase the
farther the selected landfill is located from Spokane County.
• Tipping fees charged by regional landfills typically are based on what the market will bear
and is driven by supply and demand. The tip fee would be based on contractual
arrangements.
• Reliability of rail transport in delivering the waste to the regional facility.
To be an economically viable option, the combined costs for long haul out of the County
should be less than the costs for current disposal methods. The System could assess these
long-haul costs to determine if long haul of municipal solid waste is feasible.
7. Assess using both the WTE Facility and out-of-County landfill for disposal of MSW.
The WTE Facility processed more than 279,000 tons of municipal solid waste in 2004. The
facility has a guaranteed available capacity of 248,200 tons per year. As Spokane County
continues to grow, waste generation will increase to a point where the WTE Facility may no
longer be able to process all of Spokane County's wastes. The System could assess using an
out-of-county landfill to dispose of excess municipal solid waste as an alternative to adding
an additional boiler to the WTE Facility.
8. Build a landfill in a remote area (in or out of the County).
This alternative is discussed above under alternatives 5 and 6.
9. Separate biomass from solid waste for methane gas extraction.
This alternative is discussed above under alternative 4.
10. Identify needs and costs to remediate closed landfills in the County (including private
landfills).
9.5 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. Evaluations and comparisons of the landfill alternatives discussed above
lead this Plan to recommend implementing a progressive but monitored approach to landfill
operations and planning. This approach will provide for continued responsible maintenance
and operation of landfills, while maintaining a sustainable balance of costs and benefits to
Spokane County residents and businesses. Some of the alternatives have been modified to
allow for the assessment or monitoring of an issue before implementation. This was because
the issue was either not fully supported by SWAC members, or SWAC did not have enough
knowledge of the issue to warrant implementation without further study. An estimated
timeframe for implementation of each recommendation is listed in Section 14,
Implementation. Those alternatives that did not move forward as a recommendation were
generally unsupported by SWAC and the public input process.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-22
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
The Waste to Energy facility cannot handle all of the waste generated within Spokane
County. A large component of the waste stream is non-burnable waste that does not lend
itself to mass burn technology. Additionally, the process itself results in residual ash that
currently is transported for disposal in the Roosevelt Regional Landfill in Klickitat County,
Washington.
Therefore, until other technologies and/or waste disposal strategies become more available
and affordable, landfill disposal will remain an element of the region's overall waste
management strategy.
The Plan recommends assessing multiple transportation modes for out-of-county landfill
disposal of waste in order to reduce the vulnerability and expense associated with any single
transport mode. Contracts should be competitively based on cost, reliability, and
responsiveness with respect to meeting the needs of Spokane County.
The Plan also recognizes the potential benefits of in-county landfill disposal, in part to
provide for contingency disposal capacity when bypass solid waste cannot be sent to an out of
county landfill, as well as in the event of civil or natural disasters that could result in a large
surge of solid waste requiring immediate disposal. Any additional landfills should be sited
within Spokane County with the greatest amount of scrutiny and consideration for the
environment, in particular, the regional aquifer.
The Plan recommends that all post-closure costs for landfills that exist within Spokane
County, and for which the public has a financial liability, be fully considered for inclusion
within the overall regional waste management system. Taking a long-term approach in
addressing the financial obligations presented by past and present landfill operations will be
in the best interest of Spokane County, both fiscally and environmentally.
The Plan supports the continued development of alternative waste disposal technologies. The
Plan is very supportive of monitoring and assessing gas extraction and energy recovery
technologies that can further reduce the potential environmental impacts of landfills while
adding to the overall sustainability of the region.
1. Investigate alternative transportation modes for waste transferred to an out-of-County
landfill.
2. Expand the Northside Landfill MSW cell for contingency/bypass use.
3. Examine post-closure care funding for County- and City of Spokane-owned landfills.
4. Monitor developments in alternative processing technologies for municipal solid waste.
5. Assess development of an in-County MSW landfill for use after 2011, either public or
privately owned and operated.
6. Assess long haul of municipal solid waste out of the County.
7. Assess using both the WTE Facility and out-of-County landfill for disposal of MSW.
10. Identify needs and costs to remediate closed landfills in the County (including private
landfills).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-23
SECTION J LANDFILL DISPOSAL
' Washington State Department of Ecology,Solid Waste in Washington State Thirteenth Annual Status
Report.
" Ibid.
"' Washington State Department of Ecology, Solid Waste Facilities Database,2004.
'° Spokane Regional Solid Waste System. Information available at http://www.solidwaste.org.
" American Society of Civil Engineers,Infrastructure Report Card 2005. Available at
http://www.asce.ar�portcard/2005.
°' Washington State Transportation Commission. Information available at http://www.wstc.wa.�ov/Rail.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 9-24
SECTION 10
M iscel laneous Wastes
10.1 Introduction
This section includes discussions of various waste types generated in Spokane County that
are categorized, processed, handled, or otherwise addressed separately or differently than the
wastes that are addressed in the other sections of this plan. Waste types examined in this
section include: agricultural waste; asbestos; ash from the WTE Facility; biomedical waste;
biosolids and septic tank waste; contaminated soils; electronics; foundry waste; paper sludge;
tires; and universal waste. Each strategy for the management and handling of these
miscellaneous waste types is designed to be consistent with policies and programs for other
Spokane County waste types, as well as with the general solid waste management goals
expressed in this Plan update. The analysis of each miscellaneous waste type includes a
description of existing practices, key issues, alternative management approaches, and
recommendations.
Management goals for these waste types are similar to those for CDL and inert materials:
• Satisfy state priorities for waste management, and ensure adequate disposal capacity by
reducing disposal through waste reduction or reuse programs as allowed by regulation.
• Maintain proper waste monitoring and regulatory procedures, which may include tracking
the types and quantities of waste materials disposed and recycled.
• Provide for efficient collection and transfer of waste materials, including opportunities for
competition to reduce costs of collection, transfer, and processing; and promote waste
recycling and associated businesses as allowed by regulation.
• Continue public outreach and education efforts regarding waste reuse, reduction, and
disposal.
10.1.1 Special Waste
Under the Washington State Dangerous Waste Regulations (WAC 173-303-073), certain
hazardous wastes may be classified as "special wastes" if they pose a relatively low risk to
human health and the environment. These special wastes are exempt from some of the
provisions of the Dangerous Waste Regulations and may be handled with a level of protection
that is intermediate between regulated hazardous waste and nonhazardous waste. Under
certain conditions, these special wastes may be handled through municipal solid waste
transfer stations and landfills.
To qualify as "special waste" under the Dangerous Waste Regulations, the waste must be in a
solid form only and must not be regulated by the EPA as a hazardous waste. Certain
corrosive or low-toxicity wastes (for instance, ash from operations involving wood burning)
may qualify as special wastes.
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SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
Special wastes are typically not accepted at municipal solid waste facilities. For example,
when landfilled, asbestos requires special permitting provisions. Asbestos and foundry sand
are special wastes that are permitted at the Limited Purpose Landfill Graham Road Recycling
and Disposal Facility (Graham Road RDF).
In Spokane County, any generator wishing to manage hazardous wastes as special wastes
should consult with the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) and, as
appropriate, solicit the services of qualified waste management contractors for handling and
managing the wastes. Hazardous wastes are not accepted at municipal solid waste facilities
in Spokane County unless they are household hazardous waste or from small waste
generators, and in those cases, the waste is collected at System Household Hazardous Waste
(HHW)facilities located at the transfer stations and the Waste to Energy facility.
10.2 Agricultural Waste
Agricultural wastes are byproducts of farming and ranching: crop processing wastes, manure,
and animal carcasses.
10.2.1 Existing Conditions
Presently, the Spokane Regional Health District(SRHD)regulates the handling and disposal
of agricultural waste. Dead animals weighing 15 pounds or less may be disposed within the
regular solid waste stream, provided they are bagged so as to be completely enclosed. Larger
animals must be taken to a rendering plant, pet cemetery, or disposed at an incinerator or
landfill with site operator approval. Owners may bury dead animals on their property subject
to SRHD rules and regulations.
According to the WTE Facility operations plan, the operator will not accept large animals.
Large animal owners are referred to Baker Commodities (a rendering plant) or the Northside
Landfill (NSLF).
10.2.2 Key Issues
According to the 2002 Census of Agriculture, the number of farms in Spokane County is
decreasing; down from 2,340 in 1997 to 2,225 farms in 2002 totaling 643,377 acres.'
Livestock inventory also has mostly decreased since 1997:
• Cattle: In 2002, the inventory was 25,821, down from 28,845 in 1997.
• Hogs and pigs: In 2002, there were 956 hogs and pigs in the county, which is down from
1,953 in 1997.
• Poultry: In 2002, there were 172 poultry farms, up from 151 in 1997.
Agricultural wastes result from farming and ranching activities, and consist of primarily crop
residue and manure. Of the total farm acreage, approximately 315,000 acres are harvested
cropland, 1,200 acres are used for vegetables, and slightly less than 800 acres are used for
orchards.
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SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
A rural waste characterization study conducted for the Washington State Department of
Ecology attempted to quantify and characterize the types of waste reused, recycled, or
disposed for four agricultural groups (field crops, orchards, vegetables, and livestock)." The
study found that less than 1 percent of the waste generated by these agricultural groups was
landfilled. The primary means of handling waste generated by agriculture was through
beneficial use, such as replenishment of soil nutrients.
The United State Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington State Department of
Agriculture, Ecology, and Spokane County Health District have policies in place to respond
to the management of animal carcasses that have been diagnosed or suspected of being
carriers of an infectious disease (for example, Mad Cow Disease, Avian Bird Flu).
10.2.3 Alternatives
The System should continue development of emergency response plans regarding agricultural
waste specific to available resources and operations and in coordination with local, state, and
federal agencies. Existing federal, state, and other agency policies and procedures for the
management of animal carcasses that have been diagnosed or suspected of being carriers of
an infectious disease have been developed. Large-scale incident response mechanisms would
be coordinated with federal or state authorities. Policies and procedures would depend on the
type of disease, its presentation, and consensus among agencies and facility operators to
determine adequate final disposition at any given incident.
10.3 Asbestos Waste
Airborne asbestos can present a considerable risk to human health and is therefore considered
a hazardous air pollutant. Asbestos wastes are most commonly generated when older
buildings are remodeled or demolished.
10.3.1 Existing Conditions
10.3.1.1 Regulations
Asbestos waste is any waste that contains more than one percent asbestos by weight(40 CFR
Part 763, Appendix A, Subpart F). A Waste Shipment Record that meets EPA guidelines
must accompany all asbestos-containing waste. In a November 1990 amendment, the
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) established record-
keeping and operational requirements for disposal facilities accepting asbestos waste. On
February 5, 1998, the Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority's (SCAPCA)Board
of Directors (Board) enacted Resolution#98-01, which recognized asbestos as a serious
health hazard, and implemented a comprehensive asbestos program, structuring a fee
schedule to ensure full program cost recovery. As a result, Article IX and Article X, Section
10.09, were adopted. The following summarizes the current asbestos rules that SCAPCA
enforces"':
• Regardless of the age of the building, if you plan to alter a structure or component(e.g.,
equipment, pipe, structural member, etc.)in any way, or wreck, raze, level, dismantle, or
burn a structure, you are subject to SCAPCA's asbestos regulations. This includes
performing under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act(AI�RA).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-3
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
• Asbestos surveys and submitting Notices of Intent(NOIs)for all asbestos projects and
demolitions.
• Under Washington State Department of Labor& Industries regulations, a"good faith"
inspection of any renovation or demolition site must be completed prior to any demolition
or renovation activity.
• When asbestos-containing material (ACM)is stripped, removed, or disturbed, the work
must be done by a person certified by the Washington State Department of Labor&
Industries.
• ACM can only be disposed of in approved waste disposal sites and must be sealed in
leak-tight containers while wet, or put into leak-tight wrappings. Labels are required on
all ACM containers and must contain name and location of generation. Transport
vehicles must be marked and accompanied by a waste shipment record to be provided to
the disposal site owner or operator upon receipt.
• Owners or operators of waste disposal sites are required to maintain waste shipment
records and must immediately report improperly enclosed or unsealed waste to SCAPCA.
Owners or operators are also required to maintain records on the location, depth, area, and
volume of ACM within the disposal site on a map or diagram.
10.3.1.2 Quantities
In Spokane County, the Graham Road RDF, a Limited Purpose landfill owned and operated
by Waste Management, Inc., is the only landfill that accepts asbestos. The Regional Disposal
Company accepts and hauls some asbestos to its Roosevelt Landfill in Klickitat County.
System facilities do not accept asbestos, and generators must deal directly with permitted
disposal facilities. Asbestos tonnages sent to the Graham Road site from 2000 to 2004 is
shown in Exhibit 10-1.
EXHIBIT 10-1
Asbestos Disposal
Facility 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Graham Road RDF 1,607.55 1,214.98 1,277.85 1,233.66 1,438.88
Note: All numbers are listed in tons.
10.3.2 Key Issues
Much of the asbestos waste generated results from demolition and remodeling projects.
While private contractors are generally aware of asbestos handling requirements,
homeowners doing their own proj ect work may not recognize asbestos-containing materials.
Current SCAPCA requirements allow homeowners to perform their own asbestos surveys if
they are doing the renovation/remodeling work themselves. Some homeowners may
unknowingly place asbestos-containing materials from small remodeling projects in with
their trash.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-4
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
10.3.3 Alternatives
There may be a need to educate homeowners about proper identification of asbestos-
containing materials and proper handling and disposal methods. Information is available on
the SCAPCA website www.scapca.or�. The System should continue to work with SCAPCA
to develop more comprehensive information and outreach strategies.
10.4 Ash from Waste-to-Energy Facility
The ash generated by the WTE Facility is generally categorized as follows: bottom ash,
which is residual material from the combustion chamber, and fly ash, which is collected from
the air pollution control equipment. Both types of ash are normally combined within the
WTE Facility prior to transport for processing and/or disposal. This section describes current
practices for disposing of the ash, and opportunities for recovery and processing of the ash for
reuse.
Ash from the facility is regulated as special incinerator ash subject to the requirements of
Chapter 173-306 WAC, Special Incinerator Ash Management Standards, updated in 2000.
However, the facility treats ash onsite with the WES-pHixTM process, and testing of the
treated ash indicates that the ash should not be classified as special incinerator ash. The ash
consistently passes TCLP, pH, and bioassay tests and therefore is neither a dangerous waste
nor a special incinerator ash.
For further information, see discussion in Section 8.1.3.4.
10.4.1 Existing Conditions
WTE ash is a byproduct of the mass-burn technology used at the WTE Facility. Generally,
the ash remaining after incineration is about 10 percent of the incoming waste stream by
volume. After screening and removing the ferrous metals in the ash, it weighs about 30
percent as much as the incoming waste stream. In 2004, 85,562 tons of ash was generated.'°
The ash is loaded into containers and sent by rail under contract with the Rabanco Disposal
Company (RDC)to the Roosevelt Regional Landfill (RRLF). The location of the RRLF is
shown in Exhibit 9-5
The System has a 10-year contract to 2011 with RDC for disposal of ash with one additional
5-year term (see Section 9 and Exhibit 9-6 for 2004 contract prices paid to RDC for
transportation and disposal). Total ash tonnages generated by the WTE Facility are shown in
Exhibit 10-2.
EXHIBIT 10-2
Total Ash Generated�
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-5
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
Facility 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Waste-to-Energy Facility 91,455 71,242 77,571 76,871 85,562
Note: All numbers are listed in tons.
10.4.2 Key Issues
Ash currently is landfilled, but there is the possibility that ash could be used in the future as
an aggregate in construction materials such as:
• Unstabilized base or subbase material: Ash has been used alone or in combination with
conventional aggregate as the subbase material for roads, parking lots, and other
pavements.
• Bituminous concrete (asphalt): Ash can be used as aggregate material in bituminous
concrete that will serve as a base course, binder course, or as surface wear material on
roads.
• Concrete block Ash can be used as an aggregate in the production of concrete blocks.
The use of ash as an aggregate depends on it suitability to substitute for natural aggregate
(e.g., sand, crushed stone, gravel).
10.4.3 Alternatives
The System should continue to monitor research and investigate alternatives for ash
utilization. The handling of ash residue must be protective of public, worker, and
environmental health and safety. Substantive changes to the handling of the ash residue shall
be accompanied by an early and extensive public process consistent with WDOE permit
requirements. Any ash recycling program must be preceded by extensive research into
recycled ash, with documentation that no significant harmful effects exist from the recycled
ash products before a project is undertaken. Any notification of permit changes shall be
copied to the governing bodies over the SRSWS.
10.5 Biomedical Waste
This section discusses existing regulations, treatment and disposal practices, and
programmatic planning needs facing infectious waste management in Spokane County.
10.5.1 Existing Conditions
10.5.1.1 Regulations
Definitions
Medical treatment and research facilities generate a wide range of special wastes that require
specific handling and disposal. Because of the variety of waste streams, several different
regulatory agencies at the local, regional, state and federal level have regulations pertaining to
best management practices, and apply their own definitions to waste types. For the purpose
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-6
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
of this Plan Update, biomedical waste means, and is limited to the following types of waste in
accordance with RCW 70.95K.010 and SRHD's Rules and Regulations for Solid Waste
Handling Standards under 1.06.100, Definitions:
(a) Animal waste—waste animal carcasses, body parts, and bedding of animals that are
known to be infected with or that have been inoculated with, human pathogenic
microorganisms infectious to humans.
(b) Biosafety Leve14 disease waste—waste contaminated with blood, excretions, exudates,
or secretions from humans or animals who are isolated to protect others from highly
communicable infectious diseases that are identified as pathogenic organisms assigned
to biosafety Leve14 by the centers of disease control, national institute of health,
biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories, current edition.
(c) Cultures and stocks—wastes infectious to humans, includes specimen cultures, cultures
and stocks of etiologic agents, wastes from production of biologicals and serums,
discarded live and attenuated vaccines, and laboratory waste that has come into contact
with cultures and stocks of etiologic agents or blood specimens. Such waste includes
but is not limited to culture dishes, blood specimen tubes, and devices used to transfer,
inoculate, and mix cultures.
(d) Human blood and blood products—discarded waste human blood and blood
components, and materials containing free-flowing blood and blood products.
(e) Pathological waste—waste human source biopsy materials, tissues, and anatomical parts
that emanate from surgery, obstetrical procedures, and autopsy. "Pathological waste"
does not include teeth, human corpses, remains, and anatomical parts that are intended
for interment or cremation.
(f) Sharps waste—hypodermic needles, syringes with needles attached, IV tubing with
needles attached, scalpel blades, and lancets that have been removed from the original
sterile package.
Regulatory Framework
The handling, transport, treatment and disposal of infectious waste are regulated in some
fashion by the following entities:
• U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency
• Washington Department of Health
• Washington Department of Transportation
• Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC)
• Spokane Regional Heath District
• Spokane Regional Clean Air Agency
• City of Spokane Solid Waste Management Department
• National Hospital Certification Association
Under the Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 (MWTA), the EPA gives states the
responsibility of permitting infectious waste treatment technologies. Treatment technologies
must be consistent with the requirements of Title V of the Federal Clean Air Amendments.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-7
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
Washington State agencies most directly involved in this process are Ecology, the
Department of Health, and the WUTC. Ecology administers permits for the following
biomedical wastes treatment alternatives:
• Incineration
• Autoclaving
• Chemical Disinfection
• Microwaving
• Macrowaving (for offsite treatment only)
• Gas vapor and irradiation sterilization
Other regulations concerning infectious wastes are contained in the SRHD's Rules and
Regulations for Solid Waste Handling (1.06.000).
10.5.1.2 Quantities
Potentially infectious waste from facilities in Spokane County is handled and/or treated by
one of the following:
• WTE Facility. Potentially infectious waste is mixed into the MSW stream by residents
and small generators and burned with all MSW in the WTE Facility.
• Onsite Treatment. Some facilities have their own infectious waste treatment units that
render infectious waste innocuous and then dispose of it mixed in with the facility's solid
waste. Because there are no regulations requiring sites to record quantities of infectious
waste treated on site, no tonnage estimates are available for this portion of the infectious
waste stream.
• Permitted Haulers. The City of Spokane currently grants a permit to one hauler,
Stericycle of Washington, Inc., to collect medical waste and deliver it to a treatment
facility. Collected tonnages from 2000 through 2004 have remained relatively constant at
480 tons per year. Some materials are treated prior to disposal (Stericycle, 2006).
• System HHW Facilities. Sharps are accepted at the Northside Landfill from commercial
generators such as dental offices. Residents may take sharps to System Household
Hazardous Waste facilities in bleach jugs or other puncture resistant containers (not
drinking bottles).
• Spokane Regional Health District. The SRHD gives information to home health care
providers on the proper handling of sharps and outdated pharmaceuticals.
10.5.2 Key Issues
While medical and disposal facilities and emergency responders are informed about proper
management of biomedical wastes, residential household generators may not be informed
about proper management for sharps or pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical wastes present both
wastewater and solid waste management issues. Often, residents flush unwanted
pharmaceuticals down toilets or pour them down drains, leading to potential contamination of
surface waters, ground waters, and biosolids. In Spokane County where drinking water
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-8
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
comes from a sole-source aquifer, this practice could affect drinking water quality. Proper
disposal is also an issue for solid waste collection workers who must handle the waste.
Furthermore, a large scale pandemic could create unsafe conditions should infectious
diseases cause widespread death among the population. In an emergency situation, response
for human pandemic diseases is organized under existing Federal, State, and Local health
district policies. For the most part, large scale human disease disaster planning is determined
through the County Sheriff Department of Emergency Management Emergency Support
Function#8.
Large-scale need for diseased animal disposal is handled through policies from the United
States Department of Agriculture; Washington State Department of Agriculture, Department
of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Ecology; and in coordination with the Spokane Regional
Health District. Policies and procedures depend on the type of disease, its presentation, and
consensus between agencies and facility operators to determine adequate final disposition at
any given incident.
10.5.3 Alternatives
Two alternatives to address residential biomedical waste are presented:
1. Continue to coordinate with SRDH in the distribution of educational materials for correct
management of inedical waste generated by residents.
Educational materials should inform residents about the risks associated with their wastes
and the services available to properly store and dispose of them. Residential sharps
generators can use information about correct containers and collection opportunities.
Information should be developed and distributed explaining the environmental and health
consequences of disposing of pharmaceuticals through the wastewater system.
2. Continue to plan and coordinate with the appropriate federal,state, and local agencies
regarding emergency response plans involving human or animal diseases.
10.6 Biosolids and Septage
10.6.1 Existing Conditions
Biosolids or"sewage sludge" is solid, semisolid, or liquid residue generated during the
treatment of domestic and industrial sewage in a treatment works. Sewage sludge includes,
but is not limited to, domestic septage; scum or solids removed in primary, secondary, or
advanced wastewater treatment processes; and a material derived from sewage sludge (WAC-
173-351-100). Biosolids historically were considered solid waste. However, if biosolids are
beneficially reused, biosolids are no longer classified as a solid waste and are regulated under
WAC 173-308 and the federal biosolids rule, 40 CFR Part 503.
Currently, biosolids are categorized as Class A, Class B or EQ (Exceptional Quality). Class
A biosolids are essentially free of pathogens prior to land application. Class B biosolids may
have low levels of pathogens that rapidly die off when applied to soils, essentially becoming
pathogen-free within a short period following land application if the requirements stated in
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-9
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
40 CFR Part 503 are followed (California lntegrated Waste Management Board, 2006).
Exceptional Quality biosolids is the name given to treated residuals that contain low levels of
metals and do not attract vectors, and can be applied to land with fewer reporting and
management requirements. Land application of biosolids is regulated through the Dept. of
Ecology, under chapter WAC 173-308.
The sources of biosolids in Spokane County are from facilities shown in Exhibit 10-3. All of
the biosolids generated from these facilities are transported to the RPWRF and subsequently
treated and disposed by Riverside Park Water Reclamation Facility (RPWRF), except for
Cheney and Liberty Lake, who have their own biosolids disposal program. Exhibit 10-3
shows the jurisdictions generating biosolids in Spokane County, their populations, and their
wastewater disposal systems.
EXHIBIT 10-3
Community Wastewater Disposal Systems��
Community 2004 Population Wastewater Disposal Systems
Unincorporated Spokane County 120,726 Septic tanks or sewer to RPWRF
Airway Heights 4,590 Septic tanks or sewer to RPWRF
Cheney 9,855 Secondary treatment plant with wetland and
composting of biosolids
Deer Park 3,045 Lagoon
Liberty Lake 4,950 Liberty Lake Wastewater Treatment Facility
Medical Lake 4,120 Lagoon
Millwood 1,645 Sewerto RPWRF
Spokane 197,400 RPWRF
Spokane Valley 83,950 Septic tanks or sewer to RPWRF
Fairfield 576 Lagoon
Latah 204 Septic tanks
Rockford 511 Lagoon
Spangle 297 Lagoon
Waverly 131 Septic tanks
RPWRF- Riverside Park Waste Reclamation Facility.
POTW- Publicly Owned Treatment Works.
10.6.1.1 Unincorporated Spokane County
Community Wastewater Disposal Facilities
Spokane County operates the wastewater disposal facilities shown in Exhibit 10-4. Two
extended aeration treatment plants receive 116,000 gallons per day of raw sewage. Wet
biosolids accumulate in an aerated holding tank at each facility, and periodically the County
removes the biosolids from the tanks and hauls the material to the RPWRF. Both treatment
plants operate in compliance with the Department of Ecology Statewide General Permit for
Biosolids Management(Chapter 173-308 WAC). There is one County-operated community
septic tank system, which is pumped every 2 years, and the material is hauled to the RPWRF.
There are no County-operated drying beds, nor any land application program operated by
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-10
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
Spokane County, because these final treatment processes are managed by the RPWRF. In
2005, Spokane County hauled the equivalent of 4.72 dry tons of biosolids to the City of
Spokane WWTP.
EXHIBIT 10-4
Spokane County Wastewater Facilities
Facility Type De-commissioning Schedule
Heritage Estates Community Septic Tank Unplanned
Peone Pines Treatment Plant Unplanned -depends on expansion of
Urban Growth Areas
Hangman Valley Treatment Plant Unplanned - last to go
Spokane County proposes to construct a new 8 million gallon per day (mgd)regional
wastewater treatment plant in the Spokane Valley, with operations planned to commence by
the end of year 2011. This capacity will supplement the 10 mgd that will continue to flow to
the RPWRF. This new regional plant will initially produce Class B biosolids, which will be
land-applied in a program managed very similarly to the City of Spokane's RPWRF biosolids
management program. However, the plant will be planned and constructed in a manner that
makes it suitable to produce Class A biosolids in the future, with composting and beneficial
reuse of the product.
Spokane County plans to construct a septage receiving facility at the new regional WWTP for
treatment and disposal of septage from commercial haulers.°"
Biosolids are generated from the community wastewater disposal systems within the county.
Exhibit 10-3 lists the county communities, population, and types of wastewater disposal
systems that are in use.
The biosolids that accumulate in the region's community wastewater lagoon systems are
cleaned out approximately every 8 to 10 years. The communities that rely on individual
septic tanks for onsite wastewater disposal generate septage that needs disposal every 2 to 5
years (SRHD). Septage disposal in Spokane County is discussed below.
Septage Disposal
Septage is defined as semisolids consisting of settled sewage solids combined with varying
amounts of water and dissolved materials generated from a septic tank system (SRHD's Solid
Waste Management and Handling Section 1.06.100, Definitions). Septage is generated from
onsite septic tank disposal systems, either from individual residential systems or larger
community systems. Approximately 9 million gallons of septage are disposed in Spokane
County annually.°"'
Septage from the County-operated community septic tank systems are cleaned out
approximately every 2 years and hauled to the RPWRF for disposal. Septage received by the
RPWRF from the County wastewater disposal facilities is treated and the solids eventually
become part of the biosolids generated by this facility.
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Septage from individual onsite septic tank systems throughout the county is pumped out
occasionally by system owners. There are approximately 31 septic tank pumpers in Spokane
County which dispose at RPWRF.'X All septic tank pumpers require licensure by SRHD.
Septage generated in Spokane County is disposed at the following facilities:
• City of Spokane Riverside Park Water Reclamation Facility.
• Cheney Wastewater Treatment Facility.
• Land application site operated by Walker Septic (private facility that manages only its
own septage).
• Groves Farms, Naples, Idaho.
Most septage is disposed of at the RPWRF. A small amount is disposed at the Groves Farms
site, in Naples, Idaho, when Idaho pumpers provide services in Spokane County.
10.6.1.2 Municipalities Generating Biosolids
City of Cheney
The Cheney wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) has maintains an innovative and
environmentally responsive approach for removing and reusing biosolids. After the
microorganisms have consumed the most harmful of pollutants from the sludge, this material
is stored and then dewatered. The dewatered sludge is conveyed to the compost building
where bulking agents such as yard waste and wood chips are mixed with the sludge to create
biosolid compost. The biosolid compost is sold to the public under the product name"Eco
Green" and is suitable for use as a soil amendment on ornamental plants and food crops alike.
The process is explained below.
The biologically treated wastewater consisting of solids or sludge and liquid material flows
from the aeration basins to the plant's three clarifiers. The sludge settles to the bottom of the
clarifiers and the liquid effluent flows to the chlorine contact basins for disinfection. The
majority of the microbial laden sludge is returned from the clarifiers back to the conditioning
tanks to interact with the influent waste stream in the biological treatment process. The
balance of the sludge is wasted, which means it will be removed from the treatment system
and converted in biosolid compost. The wasted sludge is pumped to the sludge holding tank,
then pumped into the sludge dewatering building where polymers are added to help congeal
the sludge. The sludge is then run through a belt filter press to squeeze out as much of the
moisture in the sludge as possible. The sludge holding tank has the capacity to store 75,000
gallons of sludge, but the significant increase in the volume of solids at the plant has
necessitated much more frequent dewatering in order to avoid overflowing the capacity of the
sludge holding tank.
The compost building where the material is cured stores up to eight windrows containing 420
yards of biosolid compost material (sludge, yard waste, wood chips, and finished compost).
The windrows are stored eight weeks inside the compost building. During that timeframe the
biological action in the windrows heats the material, which kills harmful bacteria
(pathogens). Blowers underneath the windrows help to dry the material and provide oxygen
for the biological action as well as controlling the heat that builds up in the windrows. After
the first eight weeks have elapsed, the compost is stored outside for another eight weeks and
then after passing all testing parameters (heavy metals and fecal coliform pathogen indicator
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organisms)the material qualifies as Class A compost biosolids and is sold to the public under
the product name"EcoGreen."X
Liberty Lake Sewer District
The Liberty Lake Sewer and Water District operates a 1.0 MGD permitted wastewater
treatment facility located at 1926 N. Harvard Road in Liberty Lake. In 2006, they completed
a major upgrade to the existing facility. Constructed in this project were anaerobic, anoxic
and aeration basins to provide biological treatment, phosphorus removal, and nitrification/
denitrification for 2 MGD. Improvements to solids handling include conversion of the
existing aerobic digesters to waste activated sludge holding tanks, and the construction of a
new dewatering building which houses a 2-meter belt filter press. Pressed biosolids will be
transported and composted by a contracted off-site sludge handling company.
Plans call for removal of sludge to the Boulder Park Incorporated facility located in Douglas
County in central Washington.
There are approximately 500 to 600 dry tons of biosolids that have been stockpiled in the
existing sludge drying beds. The City hopes to begin removal of this material soon, with
additional stockpiling being employed only when conditions are not favorable for transport.
The contract will be extended to provide continued removal of the solids as they are
generated. Estimates of exact dry tonnage to be produced will depend upon the mass of
organisms required to obtain advanced nutrient removal levels. The City anticipates this to
be 150 to 200 dry tons per year range.X'
City of Spokane Biosolids Program
The Riverside Park Water Reclamation Facility (RPWRF) generates the largest volume of
biosolids within Spokane County, and produced 8,611 dry tons in 2004. These biosolids
were land-applied in Spokane and Lincoln Counties. Exhibit 10-5 shows the land-applied
tonnages in both counties in 2004.
EXHIBIT 10-5
Land Application of Biosolids,2004
County Dry Tons Acres Tons/Acre
Lincoln County 7,768 2,526 3.1
Spokane County 843 526 1.6
Currently, biosolids from the RPWRF are handled through a land application program. The
biosolids are hauled to farm fields and applied at agronomic rates (the amount of biosolids
necessary to provide enough nitrogen to grow a dry-land grain crop). Frequently, the
calculated agronomic rate requires approximately 4 dry tons of biosolids per acre to provide
sufficient nitrogen for a successful crop yield.
Incorporation of the biosolids cannot occur during certain months (December 1 to April 1)
when the soil is frozen. During this time, the biosolids are stored within berms constructed
on frozen ground. Because biosolids are inert and do not generate heat, the biosolids will not
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thaw the ground beneath them. The biosolids insulate the ground, which remains frozen until
the biosolids are removed in the spring.
Site suitability is evaluated based on physical site inspection and laboratory soil analysis.
Criteria for site selection include location, number of available acres, number of groundwater
wells, number of soil types, crop type, surface water proximity, neighbors close to site,
proximity to maj or highways, road restrictions, prevailing winds, farmer performance and
outcome of soil, and biosolids and groundwater analyses. Returning to existing prequalified
sites is beneficial because they have already been approved by SR�ID, the site life is
established, and sampling requirements are less stringent.
The biosolids land application program began in 1982. Since that time, groundwater
monitoring has been an integral part of the program. Nitrates are the primary constituents of
concern. Results have been inconclusive related to local application sites, but studies in other
areas of the United States have indicated a reduction in water table nitrates when farmers
have substituted biosolids for commercial fertilizers as a nitrogen source.
Decreases may be attributable to more frequent monitoring data, which indicate true trends in
groundwater; higher solubility, hence more mobility in commercial fertilizer nitrogen versus
biosolids nitrogen; and more conservative application rates of nitrogen when biosolids are
used. Nitrates are a prime indicator of pollution because they are highly mobile in soil and
readily leach into groundwater, are a nutrient source that is often used in excess in
agricultural areas, are easy to test for, and at relatively small concentrations do not make
drinking water unpotable.
10.6.2 Key Issues
Land application is the prevailing practice for biosolids disposal in Spokane County and this
practice does not significantly impact solid waste systems. Presently, the City of Spokane's
Riverside Park Waste Reclamation Facility (RPWRF) operates a successful Class B land
application program. However, at some time in the future, there is a potential that land
application of Class B biosolids will become limited, should regulations require that
wastewater treatment plants' produce only Class A biosolids for land application. Class A
biosolids will require additional and more complex digestion processes that may include
composting.
As a result of complying with anticipated total maximum daily loads (TMDLs)for
dischargers to the Spokane River, the next level of wastewater treatment to be imposed on the
dischargers will likely require chemical inj ection and effluent filtration. These treatment
processes will result in increased volumes of biosolids and may require modifications to
existing treatment plants and the biosolids disposal program.
The City of Cheney's biosolids composting facility has equipment that needs maintenance or
replacement. The increase in solids loading and operations over time have contributed to the
wear and decreased efficiency of existing equipment that is used to process the dewatered
sludge and to handle the bulking agents. The compost mixer, which is used to combine
dewatered sludge with bulking agents such as yard waste, and wood chips is more than ten
years old and is beginning to shows signs of deterioration. The trommel screen that is used to
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separate Class A biosolids compost from the bulking agent materials is also more then 10
years old and is showing the same signs of wear and tear as the compost mixer. The front-
end loader that loads and transports the materials used in the biosolid process along with
loading and transporting the finished product is also 10 years old and will need to be replaced
within the next few years.
Moreover, the compost building has virtually no additional storage capacity to accommodate
the increased solids loading. Every inch of available space within the compost building is
being used at this time in order to accommodate the equipment needed to mix and screen the
material as well as to store the compost windrows and the bulking materials. Retention time
is as important in the biosolids compost process as it is in the biological treatment process.
Just as the microorganisms need time to biologically treat wastewater in the conditioning
tanks, the curing of compost windrows takes time as well in order to ensure the material will
meet the EPA's criteria for use as a Class A soil amendment. The compost building will
need to be expanded in order to prevent the biosolids compost process from being
compromised.
Furthermore, back-up equipment would provide a more reliable operation. If the one and
only belt filter press were to become inoperable for a prolonged period of time, the plant's
biosolids process would be significantly hampered. Process improvements need to be
incorporated into the operations.
10.6.3 Alternatives
In the future, land application of Class B biosolids could become limited because of
regulatory changes. Spokane County should continue to monitor these potential changes and
examine other alternatives for future disposal, if necessary, such as application to forest and
pasture lands, or composting. If land application were no longer a viable option for the
majority of biosolids disposal, a substitute method would need to be implemented.
Funding sources should be pursued for existing biosolids composting facilities that need to
replace aged and worn-out equipment, to improve system processing, and to provide reliable
operations. New facilities should be promoted as funding sources are available.
10.7 Contaminated Soils
10.7.1 Existing Conditions
Contaminated soils and contaminated dredged material is soils and dredged material
containing contaminants (fuel oil, gasoline, other volatile hydrocarbons, or other hazardous
substances) at concentrations which could negatively impact the existing quality of air,
waters of the state, soils or sediments, or pose a threat to the health of humans or other living
organisms (SRHD's Solid Waste Handling Standards, 1.06.100, Definitions). Contaminated
soil results from leaking underground storage tanks and releases of hazardous substances into
the soiL Most of the underground storage tanks in Spokane County have been updated and
replaced with double-walled containers.
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Graham Road RDF accepts contaminated soils from generators in Spokane County. The
Graham Road RDF is a permitted facility and regulated by SRHD as a Limited Purpose
Landfill. Exhibit 10-6 shows the disposed tonnages of contaminated soil from 2000 through
2004.
EXHIBIT 1O-fi
Contaminated Soil Disposal
Facility 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Graham Road RDF 4,044.11 11,995.94 8,100.88 4,607.05 19,397.26
All numbers are listed in tons.
Whole contaminated soils are accepted at the WTE plant for disposal, the County and cities
should continue to allow the private sector to manage and dispose of contaminated soils in
permitted facilities. These operations are likely to continue to use the Graham Road RDF or
other appropriately permitted facilities. Where appropriate, the County and cities should
support and encourage the private sector to treat contaminated soils to minimize the amounts
landfilled.
10.8 Electronic Waste
In Spokane County, there are no restrictions on disposal of residential electronic waste.
Disposal of commercial electronic waste follows no additional restrictions in the County
beyond state and federal rules regarding hazardous or dangerous wastes.
There are several commercial and non-profit enterprises that collect electronic units for reuse
and/or recycling from Spokane County residents. The amount of deconstruction of units
varies. Most of the components are sent—whole or partially deconstructed, to facilities
outside of Spokane County for further deconstruction and processing.
The Washington State Legislature passed in 2006 Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 6428
establishing the Washington State Electronics Product Recycling Law. The law requires
manufacturers of electronic products sold in Washington State to finance and implement
electronics collection, transportation, and recycling programs in Washington State no later
than January 1, 2009. This program will be available to households, small governments,
small businesses and charities. Ecology will oversee this program. Electronic products that
are covered in the legislation include cathode ray tube (CRT) and flat panel computer
monitors having a viewable area greater than four inches when measured diagonally, desktop
computers, laptops, and portable computers.
Updated information on the law and rules are on Ecology's Electronic Waste webpage
http://www.ecv.wa.�ov/pro�rams/swfa/eproductrecvcle/. Section 5 contains more
information on electronics recycling and Exhibit 5-7lists sites in Spokane County where
electronic units are recycled.
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10.9 Foundry Operations
Industrial wastes such as those from foundry operations, if not otherwise designated as
dangerous waste under 173-303 WAC, are regulated by the SR�ID. Several large foundry
operations are located within Spokane County. These processes produce significant
quantities of wastes, primarily sand, and may contain such elements as nickel, chromium,
zinc or copper. Foundry sand is delivered to the lined cell at the Graham Road RDF. A
small amount of sand is exported to Idaho.
The County and cities should continue to allow the private sector to manage and dispose of
foundry wastes. These operations are likely to continue to use the Graham Road RDF or
other appropriately permitted facilities. Management practices should be encouraged to
reduce and recycle these wastes, when feasible.
10.10 Paper Sludge
The paper-making process produces a waste sludge in large quantities that contains cellulose
and lignins, as well as significant levels of nitrogenous materials. Other compounds may also
be present in the waste, depending on the manufacturing process and the raw materials used.
Inland Empire Paper Company (IEP)treats wastewater from its paper-making process with
an existing wastewater treatment system consisting of the following major components:
462,000-gallon primary clarifier; 3-channe12,100,000-gallon Orbal aeration basin, and a
705,000-gallon secondary clarifier. The system is currently processing between 3.2 and 3.5
million gallons of effluent each day.
Approximately 50 dry tons per day of sludge is produced from IEP as a by-product from the
processing of old newsprint(ONP) and wood chips for its paper-making process. The sludge
consists primarily of"paper sludge" from wood and paper fiber fines and residuals from the
de-inking process removed in the Primary Clarifier, and"bio-solids" removed in the
Secondary Clarifier. The majority of this combined sludge is consumed in IEP's fluidized
bed combustion system to produce steam for the mill's processes. The ash remaining from
the combustion system is sent to the LaFarge Cement Company for beneficial reuse as a
cement admixture.X"
The County and cities should continue to allow the private sector to appropriately manage
and dispose of its paper sludge wastes. Management practices to reduce and recycle these
wastes should be supported and encouraged, when feasible.
10.11 Tires
10.11.1 Existing Conditions
In Spokane County, an estimated 680 tons per year of tires are discarded. This estimate is
based on the Waste Flow Analysis conducted for the Plan Update, which modeled the waste
composition of the County utilizing available waste characterization data. According to
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SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
Ecology data, in 2004 1,000 tons of tires were recycled in the County, and an additional 990
tons were burned for energy in facilities other than the WTE facility.
For many years, tires were discarded into legal and illegal tire piles around the county. Tire
piles in the county were reduced when the state Department of Ecology cleaned up piles at
licensed facilities as part of a volume reduction initiative in 1995. Since then, SRHD has set
standards for facilities that store waste tires in quantities of greater than eight hundred
automobile tires or the combined weight equivalent of 16,000 pounds of all types of waste
tires. These standards are not applicable to the storage of waste tires in an enclosed building
or in mobile containers used to transport waste tires (Waste Tire Storage and Transportation,
1.06.350). SRHD's regulations contain the same requirements on dimensions and fire
protection measures for tire storage areas as contained in 173-350-350 WAC. Neighboring
counties often transport waste tires to Spokane County to avoid strict disposal requirements
and fees in their own areas.
Many of the operations that received tires in the past have gone out of business. At this time,
the locations that are receiving tires are as follows:
• Auto scrap yards save reusable tires for resale or recapping. Unreusable tires are sent
with the scrapped vehicles to contracted scrap metal processors, sent to tire recycling
facilities, or disposed.
• Graham Road RDF receives tires and disposes of them directly into the landfill. No
pickup service is available.
• L&S Tires receives tires for processing. Equipment is used to bale and compress tires
into "T-blocks" that are wire bound and used for recycling. Certain requirements must be
met at the facility, including limiting onsite tire piles to less than 8001oose tires.
• RRLF receives a low volume of tires and disposes of them directly into the landfill. No
pickup service is available.
• Tire shops, in the process of doing business, accept, collect, temporarily store, and haul
tires to a disposal or recovery site. A disposal fee is charged to customers. Many tires
generated in the County are shipped to Montana or Canada for disposal.
• WTE Facility receives a low volume of whole tires as a part of the general MSW stream.
However, dedicated loads of tires are not permitted, and large tires (such as those used on
heavy machinery) are not accepted.
10.11.1.1 Regulations
State
The State of Washington requires maximum tire pile dimensions to be limited to 5,000 square
feet in area, 50,000 cubic feet in volume, and 10 feet in height(WAC 173-350-350). The
State also requires the presence of onsite fire control equipment and fencing around the tire
pile area to control access.
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Local
Tire piles are permitted by the SRHD under their Solid Waste Handling Standards.
Unincorporated Spokane County and municipalities may enact stricter standards within their
jurisdictions through zoning or nuisance ordinances.
10.11.2 Key Issues
Scrap tires can be used in a number of productive and environmentally safe applications. The
three most common uses are:
• Civil engineering applications: Scrap tire material replaces some other material currently
used in construction such as lightweight fill materials like expanded shale or polystyrene
insulation blocks, drainage aggregate, or even soil or clean fill. Some of the applications
include: subgrade fill and embankments, backfill for wall and bridge abutments,
subgrade insulation for roads, and septic system drain fields.
• Ground rubber applications: Tires are processed to a small particle size and the finished
product, crumb rubber, can be used in a variety of applications, from loose fill (e.g.,
playground cover)to molded products to rubberized asphalt.
• Tire Derived Fuel: Scrap tires are used as fuel because of their high heating value. Using
scrap tires is not recycling but is considered a beneficial use. Typical tire derived fuel
users include the cement industry, the pulp and paper industry, electric utilities, and
certain industrial boilers.
10.11.3 Alternatives
Four alternatives are presented to address tires:
1. County and city purchasing programs for recycled tire products.
2. Continue to promote and implement County and city fleet programs to reduce tire waste.
3. Public education programs.
4. Waste tires as feedstock for Waste to Energy Facility during seasonal low-volume
periods.
Each is discussed below.
1. County and city purchasing programs for recycled tire products.
As was discussed in Section 4,jurisdictions can use their purchasing power to promote
markets for scrap tires. There are a wide variety of tire-derived products available in the
marketplace such as molded rubber products (e.g., carpet underlay, flooring material, dock
bumpers, patio decks, railroad crossing blocks, roof walkway pads, rubber tiles and bricks,
movable speed bumps). EPA has developed recycled-content recommendations for many
products made from scrap rubber. Additionally, rubberized asphalt can have applications in
many public works projects and loose fill crumb rubber can be used in a variety of
applications for recreation and outdoor use such as playgrounds and walking trails.
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Purchasing programs also can promote the use of retreads in government fleets, which is a
common practice in commercial fleets for large truck tires. Retreading refers to reusing a tire
casing and applying a new tread to the tire surface. EPA also has a procurement guideline
developed for retread tires.
2. Continue to promote and implement County and city programs to reduce tire waste.
Most city and County governments in Spokane County already divert tires from the waste
stream from their fleets through maintenance and repair programs. Good tire maintenance
can extend the life of a tire significantly. Windshield stickers are used to remain maintenance
facilities to check tires just as stickers are used for oil changes. Tires are repaired, if
damaged, to increase their life span. Tire waste also can be reduced by purchasing longer-life
tires.
3. Public and business education programs.
Consumers can be educated on tire maintenance, tire repair, and lifecycle costs to encourage
purchase of longer-life tires. One specific target for educational materials is companies that
operate commercial fleets.
4. Tires as feedstock for Waste to Energy Facility during seasonal low-volume periods.
The waste to energy facility could stockpile tires during the year, for use during months when
the facility does not receive waste with high Btu content. This would alleviate pressure on
other tire facilities, and would help to reduce illegal dumping of waste tires.
10.12 Universal Wastes
10.12.1 Existing Conditions
Regulations for universal waste management were promulgated to address the needs of
commercial generators. These types of materials generated by households are regulated as
household hazardous waste and are addressed in Section 12.
The State of Washington considers the following to be classified as universal waste (WAC
173-303-073). These wastes are not as fully regulated as dangerous wastes and are subject to
specific regulations under 173-303-573:
• Batteries, such as lead-acid batteries.
• Mercury-containing thermostats.
• Mercury-containing equipment(such as thermometers, barometers, manometers, relay
and tilt switches, and flame sensors).
• Lamps, including fluorescent, mercury vapor, metal halide, high-pressure sodium, and
neon.
The intent of 173-303-573 WAC is to reduce hazardous waste in the municipal solid waste
(MSW) stream by making it easier for universal waste handlers to collect these items and
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-20
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
send them for recycling or proper disposal. Benefits of managing dangerous wastes as
universal wastes (LJW)include:
• Simple, streamlined waste management requirements.
• Higher accumulation quantity limits.
• Longer accumulation time limits.
• UW does not count toward waste generation totals to determine generator status.
• LJW does not require a manifest when sent off-site.
• UW is not included on the Dangerous Waste Annual Report.
The generator of LJW must be able to document the length of time that their LJW has
accumulated. This is most commonly done by marking the collection container or individual
UW item with the first date of accumulation. UW can only be accumulated for 1 year from
that date. An exception to the 1-year accumulation limit is allowed if the facility needs more
time to collect enough items to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal.
10.12.2 Key Issues
Small quantity generators may manage their batteries, mercury-containing thermostats and
equipment, and lamps as either LJW or in accordance with the more stringent Small Quantity
Generator(SQG)requirements for dangerous wastes.
10.12.3 Alternatives
1. Continue to allow small quantity generators to bring LJW to existing SQG waste
collection events for proper disposal.
2. Continue to promote the private sector to appropriately manage universal waste for
recycling.
10.13 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. Evaluations and comparisons of the miscellaneous waste alternatives
discussed above leads this Plan to recommend implementing a progressive but monitored
approach to maintaining or developing miscellaneous waste programs and activities. This
approach will provide for continued responsible programs for miscellaneous waste education
and enforcement, while maintaining a balance of costs and benefits to Spokane County
residents and businesses. Some of the alternatives have been modified to allow for the
assessment or monitoring of an issue.
The Plan supports public education as it relates to miscellaneous waste handling and
disposal. Specifically, efforts to promote awareness among individual homeowners regarding
the proper identification, handling and disposal procedures for asbestos containing materials
should be included as part of the System's public outreach program. Similarly, the Plan
supports continued coordination with the Spokane Regional Health District to produce and
distribute educational materials related to biomedical wastes. The Plan emphasizes the need
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SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
for continued System involvement in the planning and execution of local, state, and federal
emergency response plans, particularly as they involve agricultural or other miscellaneous
wastes discussed in this chapter.
The Plan recommends additional research and investigation of alternative uses for the ash
generated as a by-product of operating the Waste to Energy facility. Currently, disposal of
the resultant ash by rail to a regional landfill is a major cost component of plant operations.
This recommendation supports a careful and thorough examination of the issue in the hope
that better information will ultimately lead to lower disposal costs for the citizens of Spokane
County, a further reduction of waste volumes, increased sustainability of our community
development, and continued protection of our environment.
The Plan supports the diversion of yard debris in biosolids composting programs, but funding
sources should come from outside of System or solid waste grant funds. The Plan
recommends the existing programs related to contaminated soils, recycling of electronics,
foundry operations, paper sludge, tires, and universal waste continue to be managed by the
private sector. The Plan further encourages that, wherever appropriate, the private sector be
allowed to recycle and treat other miscellaneous waste streams as they exist or become
established.
Special Waste
1. In Spokane County, any generator wishing to manage hazardous wastes as special wastes
should consult with the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) and, as
appropriate, solicit the services of qualified waste management contractors for handling
and managing the wastes.
Agricultural Waste
2. Develop emergency response plans regarding agricultural waste specific to available
resources and operations and in coordination with local, state, and federal agencies.
3. Continue to support existing federal, state, and other agency policies and procedures that
have been developed for the management of animal carcasses that have been diagnosed
or suspected of being carriers of an infectious disease.
Asbestos Waste
4. Continue to educate homeowners about proper identification of asbestos-containing
materials and proper handling and disposal methods.
5. The System should continue to work with SCAPCA to develop more comprehensive
information and outreach strategies. Information is available on the SCAPCA website
www.scapca.or�.
Ash from Waste-to-Energy Facility
6. Continue to monitor research and investigate alternatives for ash utilization. The
handling of ash residue must be protective of public, worker, and environmental health
and safety. Substantive changes to the handling of the ash residue shall be accompanied
by an early and extensive public process consistent with WDOE permit requirements.
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SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
Any ash recycling program must be preceded by extensive research into recycled ash,
with documentation that no significant harmful effects exist from the recycled ash
products before a project is undertaken. Any notification of permit changes shall be
copied to the governing bodies over the SRSWS.
Biomedical Waste
7. Continue to coordinate with SRDH in the distribution of educational materials for
correct management of inedical waste generated by residents.
8. Continue to plan and coordinate with the appropriate federal, state, and local agencies
regarding emergency response plans involving human or animal diseases.
Biosolids and Septage
9. Continue to monitor potential changes and examine other alternatives for future disposal,
if necessary.
10. Funding sources should be pursued for existing biosolids composting facilities that need
to replace aged and worn-out equipment, to improve system processing and to provide
reliable operations.
Contaminated Soils
11. Continue to allow the private sector to manage and dispose of contaminated soils in
permitted facilities.
12. Where appropriate, support and encourage the private sector to treat contaminated soils
to minimize the amounts landfilled.
Electronic Waste
13. Support e-waste recycling activities within the private sector.
Foundry Operations
14. Continue to allow the private sector to manage and dispose of foundry wastes.
15. Management practices should be encouraged to reduce and recycle these wastes, when
feasible.
Paper Sludge
16. The County and cities should continue to allow the private sector to appropriately
manage and dispose of its paper sludge wastes.
17. Management practices to reduce and recycle these wastes should be supported and
encouraged, when feasible.
Tires
18. Encourage County and city purchasing programs for recycled tire products.
19. Continue to promote and implement County and city fleet programs to reduce tire waste.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-23
SECTION�O MISCELLANEOUS WASTES
20. Continue to include information on reducing tire waste and recycled tire produces in
public education programs.
21. Assess use of waste tires as feedstock for Waste to Energy Facility during seasonal low-
volume periods.
Universal Wastes
22. Continue to allow small quantity generators to bring LJW to existing Small Quantity
Generator(SQG)waste collection events for proper disposal.
23. Continue to promote the private sector to appropriately manage universal waste for
recycling.
' 2002 Census of Agriculture, Spokane County,United States Department of Agriculture,Washington
Agricultural Statistics Service.
" Washington State Department of Ecology,Rural Waste Characterization Report,2003.
"' Westby, SCAPCA.
'° Spokane Regional Solid Waste System,2005.
" Spokane Regional Solid Waste System Annual Reports(2000-2004).
°' Washington State OFM.
°" Rawls, Spokane County,2006.
""' Holderby, SRHD,June 2006.
'X pelton,RPWRF,2006.
X MacDonald, Cheney WWTF.
X' Grogg,Liberty Lake,2006.
X" Krapas,Inland Empire Paper,2006.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 10-24
SECTION 11
Construction, Demolition, Landclearing and
Inert Waste Management
11.1 Introduction
This section was titled"Construction, Demolition, and Landclearing Waste" in the 1998
Plan. It has been reorganized to focus on more than construction, demolition and
landclearing (CDL)waste, and to include inert waste management. Under the new WAC
173-350 regulations (replacing WAC 173-304), CDL materials are managed differently from
inert materials, and each type of material has special permitting requirements. CDL waste is
disposed in Limited Purpose Landfills under WAC 173-350-400, and inert waste is disposed
in Inert Waste Landfills under WAC 173-350-410. Some facilities in Spokane County focus
primarily on CDL and/or inert waste reuse and recovery, and other facilities provide both
CDL and/or inert material recovery and waste disposal services.
The following describes existing conditions in Spokane County related to the generation,
recovery, and disposal of CDL and inert waste. Furthermore, key issues for both types of
materials, alternative strategies for management; and recommendations for implementation
are provided.
11.1.1 CDL and Inert Waste Management Goals
CDL and inert waste management goals include:
• Satisfy state priorities for waste management, and ensure adequate disposal capacity by
reducing disposal of CDL and inert waste through waste reuse or reduction programs.
• Maintain proper CDL and inert waste recovery and disposal practices that protect the
environment and encourage economic development.
• Maintain proper CDL and inert waste monitoring and regulatory procedures that include
tracking types and quantities of CDL and inert materials disposed and recycled, and
coordination among government departments that regulate land use and flow control to
assure establishment of permitted facilities.
• Where provided for by regulation or local ordinance, allow opportunities for competition
to reduce costs of collection, transfer, disposal, or recovery; and promote CDL and inert
recycling and associated businesses.
• Establish guidelines and strategies for management of specific waste streams, including
CDL and inert wastes.
• Continue public outreach and education efforts on CDL and inert waste reuse, reduction,
and disposal.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-1
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
11.2 Existing Conditions
11.2.1 Regulatory Framework
Construction, demolition, and landclearing waste is solid waste, largely inert, resulting from
the construction, renovation, and demolition or razing of buildings, roads, and other man-
made structures. In general, various types of materials come from CDL activities and those
different types of materials are managed and regulated differently. The primary difference
between demolition and inert waste is that demolition waste is considered susceptible to
decomposition, whereas inert waste is considered resistant to decomposition. This waste
stream often contains:
• Concrete,
• Wood (from buildings),
• Asphalt(from roads and roofing shingles),
• Gypsum (the main component of drywall),
• Metals,
• Bricks,
• Glass,
• Plastics,
• Salvaged building components (doors, windows, plumbing fixtures), and
• Trees, stumps, earth, and rock from clearing sites.
New regulations WAC 173-350 require liners and leachate collection systems for Limited
Purpose Landfills that dispose of CDL, while liners and leachate collection is not required of
inert landfills.
Under WAC 173-350-400, Limited Purpose Landfills include, but are not limited to, landfills
that receive segregated industrial solid waste, construction, demolition and landclearing
debris, wood waste, ash(other than special incinerator ash), and dredged material. Limited
Purpose Landfills do not include Inert Waste Landfills, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
landfills regulated under WAC 173-351, landfills disposing of special incinerator ash
regulated under WAC 173-306, landfills regulated under 173-303 WAC (Dangerous Waste
Regulations), or chemical waste landfills regulated under Title 40 CFR Part 761.
Inert Waste Landfills are landfills that receive only inert wastes regulated under WAC 173-
350-410 (solid wastes that meet the criteria for inert waste in WAC 173-350-990).
Waste materials generated in Spokane County from CDL activities are primarily disposed in
a privately owned Limited Purpose Landfill facility, the Graham Road Recycling and
Disposal Facility (Graham Road RDF). Inert materials may be disposed at either Limited
Purpose Landfills or Inert Waste Landfills. However, not all CDL materials may be disposed
in Inert Landfills unless they are classified as inert. Also, there are several privately owned
inert facilities that recover CDL waste for reuse.
In addition to the state regulations, there are local regulations for CDL and inert waste
management. Section 1.06.410 of the Solid Waste Handling Standards published by the
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-2
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
Spokane Regional Health District(SRHD) contains standards for inert waste landfills that
mirror those contained in the Washington Administrative Code (Thorburn, 2004).
It is important to note that in accordance with RCW 70.95.305 and SRHD 1.06.410, facilities
with a total capacity of 250 cubic yards or less of inert wastes are categorically exempt from
solid waste handling permitting and other requirements of this section, provided that the inert
waste landfill is operated in compliance with the performance standards of WAC 173-350-
040 (Washington State Legislature, 2006).
Finally, according to the Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority (SCAPCA), state
law prohibits the open or unregulated burning of"treated wood, metal, and construction
debris," among other things. Landclearing materials may be burned outside specified urban
boundaries, but within the County, only with a special permit. Burn regulations apply to
"open" burning, not to regulated facilities such as the System's WTE Facility.
State guidelines for the reuse or recycling of wood waste (Section 5), and disposal of solid
waste (Section 9) and hazardous waste (Section 12) are provided elsewhere in this Plan.
11.2.2 Types of Material
CDL and inert waste are maj or components of all solid waste generated, reused, recycled, and
disposed of in the United States and in the local region. Ecology data for 2004 estimate that
1.6 million tons are disposed annually in Limited Purpose Landfills (including wood waste
and demolition) and inert landfills in Washington State.' In Apri12006, a waste flow analysis
was performed in Spokane County. Applying the waste flow analysis percentages to 2004
Ecology data, an estimated 118,000 tons of material disposed from Spokane County in 2004
consisted of CDL materials.ii, iii Another 218,400 tons of inert waste were disposed.
Continued rapid growth in the state, accompanied by the corresponding construction and
remodeling activities, is likely to ensure a supply of this "waste."
11.2.3 CDL Waste Quantities
Disposed waste from Spokane County construction, demolition, and land clearing activities
totaled an estimated 118,000 tons in 2004. Exhibit 11-2 shows the proportion of the CDL
waste stream that consists of recyclable paper, other recyclables, compostable material, and
other non-recyclable materials. Exhibit 11-3 shows detailed composition results for CDL
waste.
• Over half(54%) of CDL disposed waste consists of recyclables. This includes mainly
recyclable wood materials (38,700 tons), metal building materials (13,200 tons), and dirt
and concrete (4,800 tons).
• Compostables (2%) and recyclable paper(4%)represented minimal portions of the CDL
waste stream. Compostable materials were composed of yard wastes (2,400 tons), while
recyclable paper consisted of cardboard (4,100 tons).
• "Other materials" account for approximately 40% of the C&D waste stream. These
materials are typically difficult to recycle and/or do not have well established markets for
the recovered commodity. The most prevalent of these materials include non-recyclable
wood products (17,600 tons), composition shingles and mixed/demolition gypsum scrap
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-3
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
(12,700 tons), built-up roofing and tarpaper(5,500 tons), and non-recyclable paper(3,000
tons).
ExHisir 11-1
Waste Composition&Recoverability, C&D Disposed Waste'°
Recyclable
Paper
3.5%
Other Materials
40.2%
� Other
Recyclables
54.2%
�
Com postables
2.1%
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-4
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
EXHIBIT 11-2
Detailed Waste Composition, C&D Disposed Waste�
Material Percent Tons Material Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper Other Materials
OCC/Kraft Bags or Paper 3.5% 4,122.0 Other Paper 2.5% 2,979.0
Subtotal 3.5°/a 4,122.0 ABS Pipe 0.4% 445.9
Other Recyclables Other Plastics 0.4% 458.5
#2 Plastic Buckets 0.1% 150.2 Window Glass 1.3% 1,488.4
Plastic Film, Bags and Wrap 0.7% 824.1 Mirror Glass 0.0% 2.7
PVC Pipe 0.9% 1,087.0 Other/Non-Recyc. Glass 0.0% 58.2
Clear Containers 0.0% 48.6 Upholstery 0.2% 267.7
Green Containers 0.0% - Other Or anics e. ., ra s 0.5% 548.2
Brown Containers 0.0% - Creosote/Pressure Treated 2.0% 2,328.3
Drywall Corners/Metal Bindings 0.5% 567.4 Painted/Stained Wood 11.7% 13,778.4
Galvanized Steel 5.2% 6,092.7 Finished Furnishings 0.5% 561.4
Insulated Wire/Cable 0.3% 374.9 Other Wood 0.8% 928.9
Other Ferrous Metals 4.4% 5,173.8 Built-Up Roofing 2.0% 2,343.8
Other Nonferrous Metals 0.5% 617.3 Composition Shingles 6.3% 7,415.5
Lar e Appliances 0.3% 380.4 Tarpaper/Asphalt Felt 2.7% 3,154.5
Carpeting 2.3% 2,757.3 Mixed/Demo. Gypsum Scrap 4.5% 5,299.2
New Gypsum Scrap 2.6% 3,042.1 Other Mineral Aggregates 0.0% 52.0
New/Clean Used Lumber 8.6% 10,137.8 Tyvek Vapor Barrier 0.0% 16.2
New/Demo. Engineered Wood 9.9% 11,649.0 Polyurethane Foam/Carpet Padding 0.1% 161.9
Remanufacturing Scrap 0.2% 273.2 Laminate/Formica 0.1% 128.1
Pallets and Crates 3.0% 3,555.3 Fiberglass(Acoustical)Ceiling Panels 0.3% 319.1
Mixed Demo.Wood 4.4% 5,135.7 Structural Fiberglass 0.1% 73.1
Wood Roofing and Siding 4.2% 4,943.3 Linoleum 0.1% 68.8
Unfinished Furnishin s 0.0% 8.4 Insulation 1.0% 1,154.2
Asphaltic Concrete 0.4% 442.0 Latex Paint 0.1% 78.7
Concrete With/Without Rebar 1.3% 1,527.9 Wood Preservatives 0.0% -
Bricks/Masonry Tile 0.4% 456.5 Oil-Based Finishes 0.0% 21.2
Concrete Masonry Unit(CMU) 0.0% 56.6 Solvents and Thinners 0.0% -
Clay Roofing Tile 0.1% 167.1 Adhesives and Glue 0.0% 24.5
Slate/Quarry Tile 0.1% 140.6 Asbestos 0.1% 67.1
Rock 0.4% 451.2 Other Haz Waste 0.0% -
Dirt 2.7% 3,233.0 Other Miscellaneous Fines 2.2% 2,618.2
Gravel 0.5% 577.6 MSW 0.5% 616.2
Sand 0.0% - Subtotal 40.2°/a 47,457.7
Porcelain 0.1% 156.3
Subtotal 54.2°/a 64,027.2 Total 100.0°/a 118,035.3
Compostables
Leaves and Grass 0.3% 410.6
Small Prunings 0.8% 939.5
Large Prunings 0.6% 718.3
Stumps and Logs 0.3% 360.0
Subtotal 2.1°/a 2,428.4
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-5
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
11.3 Description of Facilities
11.3.1 System's CDL and Inert Facilities
CDL and inert waste is accepted at all System facilities and charged the regular MSW tipping fee
of$98 per ton. Much of these materials are not beneficial for energy recovery. Non-burnable
materials are bypassed to RRLF or the NSLF. CDL and inert waste materials from the
commercial sector are also accepted for disposal at the NSLF for $98.00/ton. However, since this
landfill is being used sparingly to extend its life, excessive amounts of material are not taken.
Combustible CDL materials, such as wood waste, are accepted at the System's WTE Facility.
Nonburnables (including gypsum drywall) or non-putrescibles are taken to the RRLF operated by
Rabanco. Cardboard packaging materials can be separated out by the hauler and recycled at the
recycling areas. Scrap metal is recycled both on the tipping floor and in the recycling areas.
11.3.2 Unincorporated Areas of Spokane County- CDL and Inert Facilities
Residences and businesses in the unincorporated areas of Spokane County and in municipalities
can use both System facilities and privately operated facilities that accept CDL and inert
materials. All residents benefit from the System's CDL and inert materials reuse educational
programs.
11.3.3 Municipal CDL and Inert Facilities
Those cities (Airway Heights, Cheney, Medical Lake)with municipal recycling collection
facilities collect cardboard used for packaging (see Section 5, Recycling). Cardboard constitutes a
significant portion of construction and remodeling residue. In addition, as mentioned above,
residences and businesses in all municipalities of Spokane County can use both System and
privately operated facilities that accept CDL and inert materials, and benefit from the System's
CDL and inert materials reuse and recovery educational programs.
11.3.4 Fairchild AFB CDL and Inert Facilities
Fairchild's recycling program includes cardboard and scrap metal. Asphalt and concrete are also
separated, collected, and hauled to Graham Road RDF where these inert materials are reused (see
Section 5 for more details on Fairchild AFB recycling programs).
11.3.5 Privately Owned CDL and Inert Facilities
11.3.5.1 Limited Purpose Landfills
The only permitted limited purpose landfill in Spokane County is the Graham Road RDF,
operated by Waste Management, Inc. It accepts CDL materials, including those that are inert, and
some specific wastes (asbestos)requiring special requirements (see Exhibit 11-3 for listing of
facilities and waste types). The Graham Road RDF has an estimated capacity of more than
11,000,000 tons and is expected to be a viable CDL and inert disposal option for 100 years,
recycling marketable CDL and inert materials to extend the life of the facility (see Section 9,
Landfills, for further details on the Graham Road RDF).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009
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SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
11.3.5.2 Inert Facilities
There are several facilities that take only inert CDL materials. These facilities are Busy Bee,
Diversified Recycling Industry, Inland Asphalt, and Spokane Rock Products (see Exhibit 11-
3 for a listing of facilities and wastes received). Inland Asphalt operates an inert landfill. A
few facilities (Busy Bee and Diversified Recycling Industry) accept CDL materials that are
not inert, but those facilities reuse the material, and are not permitted for disposal.
11.3.5.3 Private Recovery Facilities
Most CDL and inert waste disposal facilities provide resource recovery for certain
components of the CDL waste stream. The following subcomponents of CDL and inert
materials are recovered within Spokane County.
Building Materials
Brown's Building Materials and Habitat Surplus Store are major used building materials
businesses in the County, and they have sizable inventories. In addition, some demolition
contractors acquire and resell used building materials through their demolition activities.
Cardboard
Cardboard is a significant waste material from new construction and large renovation
proj ects, and from other packaging used for commercial and industrial businesses.
Cardboard is generally recycled if the recycling venue is convenient.
ConcretelAsphalt
Spokane Rock Products, Central Pre-Mix, and Graham Road RDF reuse concrete and
asphalt. The material is stockpiled, processed, and used as aggregates for base or fill.
Materials are used on a seasonal basis; large inventories are not a problem.
Gypsum
Greenacres Gypsum recycles gypsum or drywall for use in its fertilizer production. They
accept only source-separated and clean drywall. Based on the owner's report, they have a
fairly sophisticated (and proprietary) method of removing paper from the gypsum. The paper
residuals and a small percentage of gypsum are disposed at the Graham Road RDF.
Metals
Several metals recyclers receive CDL mixed and sorted metals, including Action Recycling,
American Recycling, Clarks Recycling Dickson Recycling, Du-Mor Recycling, Earthworks
Recycling, and Pacific Steel and Recycling Metals recyclers, are experiencing an increase in
metals recycling activity on the part of the construction industry and the general public
because of increased scrap metal value from overseas demand. Some of the recyclers provide
drop boxes for metals.
Ferrous metals are primarily recycled, either directly to a metals recycler, or from ferrous
removed from ash at the WTE. Virtually no quantities of ferrous metals are disposed within
the County.
Plastic
Plastic in the CDL waste stream includes items such as shrinkwrap and other packaging, and
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)used by the plumbing, siding, and electrical trades.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-9
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
Facilities that accept plastic materials for recycling are Northwest Industrial Services and
Spokane Recycling (see Section 5 for more details on plastic recycling facilities).
Wood Waste
Although it can be reasonably assumed that some wood is being disposed of as a component
of"mixed" waste, a significant amount of wood is diverted from disposal throughout the
County. Some wood is burned onsite, used as firewood, or ground into mulch. ABCO Wood
Recycling, Busy Bee, Cannon Hill Industries, Diversified Wood Recycling Graham Road
RDF, Lee's Pallets, and Northwest Industrial Services accept wood waste for recovery. More
details on wood waste reuse and recycling is in Section 5, Recycling.
11.4 Key Issues for CDL and Inert Wastes
CDL waste consists largely of common materials, such as wood, asphalt, concrete, rock,
gypsum, and various metals, that have multiple potential uses. Many of these materials are
cost-effectively recovered, processed, and used as raw materials for new (or renewed) end
uses. As described above, concrete and asphalt pavement is crushed and used as base
material for new construction or as aggregate in new asphalt. Wood waste is processed and
sold for landscaping mulch or used to produce new wood products. It is often used for hog
fuel for steam-generated electricity. Gypsum from wallboard is ground and used to
manufacture new wallboard, and fertilizer. Architecturally valuable timbers, hardware, doors
and windows are salvaged and reused with minimal or no processing. When recovered, these
materials are not regulated as disposed waste (see Exhibit 11-1 for more information on CDL
types of waste).
Such activities reduce pressure on waste disposal facilities, reduce dependence on"virgin"
raw materials, and decrease energy use. In addition, the economic value of this market
activity is enormous. In Spokane County, and in the state as a whole, CDL and inert
materials are now recognized as having significant potential to contribute to recycling goals
and reduce waste overall.
11.5 CDL and Inert Waste Alternatives
Historically, CDL and inert wastes have been collected, transported, recycled, and disposed
by the private sector. Private efforts should be supported by encouraging separation of
recyclable or reusable materials from the waste stream.
In keeping with the state goals and policies for waste reduction and recycling, the following
alternatives have been presented during the planning process:
1. Continue to provide outreach and education on options for the waste reduction or
recovery of CDL/I.
2. Establish CDL/I waste diversion specifications for County or municipal proj ects.
3. Use recycled content material specifications for County or municipal construction and
engineering proj ects.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-10
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
4. Develop a CDL and Inert waste diversion ordinance.
5. Create markets for CDL/I by promoting reuse and recovery.
6. Evaluate financial incentives, System partnerships, and policies to encourage
recovery/recycling of CDL/I materials.
7. Continue with development of a Disaster Management Plan for emergency disposal
activities that coordinates with federal, state, and local agencies' emergency plans.
8. Assess options regarding development of in-County CDL recovery facilities.
Further discussion of these alternatives follows.
1. Continue to provide outreach and education on options for the waste reduction or recovery
of CDLII.
A straightforward method to help divert CDL and inert waste is to provide general
contractors with educational material and information about alternative facilities that take
CDL and inert waste. The System already provides this information through the Recycling
Hotline and the business Waste Reduction Assessment Program (WRAP). Pacific Material
Exchange is a local business that connects generators of a waste material with businesses
looking for other businesses that can use the material beneficially. These services could be
augmented by providing a brochure listing the diversion facilities in the region, with hours,
location, cost, and material types accepted. Providing information on reuse opportunities,
such as exchange programs available through the Industrial Material Exchange website
(www.govlinkorg/hazwaste/business/imex), can also be useful. A key opportunity for
informing contractors about reduction and recycling opportunities is during the permitting
process.
In addition to general reduction and recycling opportunities, the WRAP program provides
information about deconstruction and green building practices:
• Deconstruction: This involves dismantling a structure, salvaging building contents and
components, and finding viable markets and outlets for materials. This practice can be
used to varying degrees, which can range from reuse of an entire structure or foundation,
to select assemblies and systems, to the careful removal of specific materials or items.
• Green Building: A green building also known as a sustainable building is a structure
that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or reused in an ecological and resource-
efficient manner. Green buildings are designed to meet certain obj ectives such as
protecting occupant health; improving employee productivity; using energy, water, and
other resources more efficiently; and reducing the overall impact to the environment.
Builders could be provided with information on methods to incorporate environmentally
friendly practices into the construction of a home.
The U.S. Green Building Council, Cascadia Chapter(https://www.us b� c.or�/) and the
Northwest EcoBuilding Guild - Inland Chapter(http://www.ecobuilding.or�/) are two
local private organizations involved in promoting sustainable building and deconstruction
practices (see Chapter 4 for more information about these organizations).
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-11
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
2. Establish CDLII waste diversion specifications for County or municipal projects.
Another method for encouraging CDL and inert waste diversion is to include CDL and inert
waste diversion requirements or procedures into proj ect specifications, which are part of the
contract between the contractor and the project owner. Because specifications are a major
communication tool to convey the requirements of a construction or demolition proj ect,
specifications that contractors are required to follow could also include conditions and
requirements for diverting CDL and inert materials. Incentives could be offered for those
proj ects that met diversion specifications.
The California lntegrated Waste Management Board has developed sample construction and
demolition (C&D) specifications for use by architects and engineers. This sample
specification requires the contractor to submit a C&D waste management plan to the proj ect
owner and architect which will recover 75% of the C&D wastes for reuse and recycling. The
plan must include a list of reuse and recycling facilities that will be used and materials that
will be recovered. At the end of the proj ect, the contractor must provide a final accounting of
the disposition of recovered materials, including submittal of receipts, to receive final
payments. This sample C&D specification could be modified for use by Spokane County and
municipal jurisdictions in future construction, renovation, or demolition projects. °'
3. Use recycled content building specifications for county or municipal projects.
Building materials made with recycled content(insulation, plastic lumber, tiles) are market
ready, competitively priced and perform as well as virgin products. To generate demand and
promote the reuse of CDL and inert materials in their present and recycled form, permitting
jurisdictions could require the use of recovered and recycled materials for public building and
renovation proj ects.
Specifications for incorporating environmentally friendly materials, including recycled
products, into building projects are available commercially. Additional tools available are
the Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines developed by EPA(these were discussed earlier
in Section 4). Several guidelines have been developed for construction products containing
recycled materials.
It is important to obtain information from manufacturers verifying that the recycled content
listed for a product is actually material that would otherwise have been discarded. Materials
containing post-consumer waste or recovered materials have the greatest recycling merit. In-
plant recycling though it increases the efficiency of manufacturing, does not have the same
environmental benefits since it does not close the consumer/manufacturer waste loop.
4. Develop a CDL and inert waste diversion ordinance.
Many jurisdictions have found that adopting and implementing a CDL/I diversion ordinance
is an effective method for diverting this material from disposal. These ordinances generally
require contractors, as a condition of receiving building permits, to develop waste
management plans designed to divert a certain percentage of CDL/I materials generated by
each project. The ordinances also include mechanisms, such as a deposit system and
reporting requirements, which ensure that diversion actually occurs.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-12
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
The California lntegrated Waste Management Board has developed a model C&D diversion
ordinance for adaptation by municipalities.°" Jurisdictions could consider adopting a similar
CDL/I diversion ordinance.
5. Create markets for CDLII by promoting reuse and recovery.
Options are available to the County and the System to create markets for CDL/I recovery
through economic incentives (e.g., tax incentives or land use designations). Jurisdictions
could help create markets for construction and demolition debris by using the"Recycling
Market Development Zone" concept. The County and cities could offer incentives to attract
businesses to the region that process construction and demolition debris or that manufacture
products using materials typically found in construction and demolition debris. This program
could provide low-interest loans, technical assistance, and free product marketing to
businesses that process construction or demolition debris, or use these materials to
manufacture their products. Additional incentives could include:
• Less stringent building codes and zoning laws.
• Streamlined local permit processes and siting assistance.
• Reduced taxes and licensing.
More information on this concept was previously provided in Section 5.
6. Evaluate financial incentives, System partnerships, and policies to encourage
recoverylrecycling of CDLII materials.
The System could evaluate financial incentives to encourage recovery of construction and
demolition debris. One example of such a system is that used by Portland Metro (Oregon).
In the Metro region, a system fee is assessed and collected on each ton of waste generated
within the region. This $14.54 per ton fee is used to pay for the solid waste services that
benefit the region. An excise tax on solid waste disposal is used to provide Metro with
general fund revenues to pay for the many other, non-solid waste related services that Metro
provides to the citizens of the region. Metro's excise tax currently is $6.39 per ton. These
fees and taxes are assessed when waste is delivered to Metro's transfer stations or designated
disposal facilities.
To improve material recovery in the region, a solid waste processing facility that is licensed
or franchised by Portland Metro is eligible for credits toward the system fee and excise tax
imposed for disposal of processing residuals from the facility. °"' The higher the recovery
rate achieved by the facility, the greater the credit amounts. To be eligible for the credits, the
facility must attain a minimum monthly recovery rate of 25 percent. Materials are counted as
recovered after they have been marketed or processed into a new material. The credit
amounts are calculated as shown below.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-13
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
PORTLAND(OR�METRO 2005 SYSTEM FEE CREDIT AND EXCISE TAX CREDIT SCHEDULE(PER TON�
Facility Recovery Rate Credit Amounts
From Above Up To and Including System Fee Credit of No Excise Tax Credit
More Than
0% 30% $0.00 $0.00
30% 35% $9.92 $1.92
35% 40% $11.46 $2.75
40% 45% $13.28 $3.51"
45% 100% $14.00
"Applies from 40%to 100%.
To qualify for the credits, the facility must submit monthly data on the weight of incoming
loads, materials recovered, and disposed materials.
The System could also evaluate a policy of mandatory processing to increase recycling of this
waste stream. One question in particular that should be evaluated is how diversion of the
CDL waste stream from the WTE facility will affect WTE operations.
Because landfilling is still lower cost than recycling, Portland Metro has been evaluating
requiring that all dry waste, including CDL, is processed at recovery facilities prior to
disposal. It is anticipated that Metro will place a minimum recovery requirement for various
commodities (e.g., wood, metal, cardboard, paper) on processing facilities.
7. Continue with development of a Disaster Management Plan for emergency disposal
activities that coordinates with federal, state, and local agencies' emergency plans.
In the aftermath of a disaster, the primary focus of government response teams is to restore
and maintain public health and safety. As a result, debris diversion programs such as
recycling and reuse can quickly become secondary. The System is developing a disaster
management plan for emergency disposal activities specific to available resources and
operations in coordination with local, state, and federal agencies.
The Disaster Management Plan will help the System identify options for collecting, handling
storing, processing, transporting, diverting, and disposing of debris. Preparing a local plan
before an emergency happens will save valuable time and resources, and will respond more
effectively to local needs. Three sites were identified in Section 7 - Transfer System that
would be used as temporary staging and storage areas for debris from natural disasters.
8. Assess options regarding development of in-County CDLII recovery facility to serve
customers in the eastern portion of the County.
The primary CDL/I facility in Spokane County is the Graham Road limited purpose landfill,
located near Airway Heights in the western portion of the County. The lack of convenient
and competitive CDL/I options is a disadvantage to residents and businesses that have to
travel across the County in order to use the Graham Road facility.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-14
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
The System should investigate the feasibility of developing a CDL/I recovery facility to serve
residents and contractors in the eastern portion of Spokane County.
11.6 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. Evaluations and comparisons of the construction, demolition,
landclearing and inert alternatives discussed above leads this Plan to recommend
implementing a progressive but monitored approach to maintaining CDL and inert programs
and activities. This approach will provide for continued responsible maintenance of the
facility, while maintaining a balance of costs and benefits to Spokane County residents and
businesses. Some of the alternatives have been modified to allow for the assessment or
monitoring of an issue before implementation. This was because the issue was either not
fully supported by SWAC members, or SWAC did not have enough knowledge of the issue
to warrant implementation without further study. An estimated timeframe for
implementation of each recommendation is listed in Section 14, Implementation. Those
alternatives that did not move forward as a recommendation were generally unsupported by
SWAC and the public input process.
The Plan supports continued public outreach and education on options for the waste
reduction, recovery, and disposal of construction, demolition, landclearing and inert waste
(CDL/�. Based on the waste stream analysis provided as an appendix to this plan, CDL/I
represents the greatest opportunity for further waste reduction through the potential recovery
of recyclable materials. Therefore, the Plan strongly supports considerations for development
of in-county CDL/I recycling facilities. The Plan supports the identified need for emergency
storage, handling and disposal capacity as called for in regional disaster management plans.
The Plan recommends the development of voluntary waste diversion specifications.
Mandatory diversion specifications should be carefully assessed in order that they do not
impose unnecessary costs compared to the benefits.
1. Continue to provide outreach and education on options for the waste reduction or
recovery of CDL/I.
2. Assess development of CDL/I waste diversion specifications for County or municipal
proj ects.
3. Assess use of recycled content material specifications for County or municipal
construction and engineering proj ects.
4. Assess development of a CDL and Inert waste diversion ordinance.
5. Support markets for CDL/I by promoting reuse and recovery.
6. Evaluate financial incentives, public/private partnerships, and policies to encourage
recovery/recycling of CDL/I materials.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-15
SECTION��CONSTRUCTION,DEMOLITION,LANDCLEARING AND INERT WASTE MANAGEMENT
7. Continue with development of a Disaster Management Plan for emergency disposal
activities that coordinates with federal, state, and local agencies' emergency plans.
8. Assess options regarding development of in-County CDL recovery facilities.
� Solid Waste in Washington State, Fourteenth Annual Status Report, 2005.
ll The waste flow analysis included a survey of vehicles entering each disposal facility in Spokane County.
One key purpose of the survey was to determine the quantity of CDL materials brought for disposal. A
load of waste was considered CDL if 80%or more of the load,by volume,consisted of CDL materials,
such as wood,drywall, aggregates, scrap metal, stumps,logs,carpet,carpet padding,roofing, and
insulation. The data obtained through the survey allowed for certain loads,typically reported to Ecology
as MSW,to be classified as CDL far the purposes of the waste flow analysis. Far this reason,the
estimated quantities of CDL from the waste flow report do not match CDL tonnage data from Ecology.
� Cascadia Consulting Group, CH2MHi11;Financial Model and Waste Flow Analysis, Spokane County,
2006.
�° Cascadia Consulting Group, Spokane County Waste Flow Analysis,2006.
° Cascadia Consulting Group, Spokane County Waste Flow Analysis,2006.
� More information available at http://www.ciwmb.ca.� h�ry/CandDModel.
� More information available at http://www.ciwmb.ca. o�v/1 h�rv/CandDModel.
� Code of the Metropolitan Service District, Chapter 5.02 Disposal Char�es and User Fees(Section
5.02.047) and Chapter 7.01 Excise Taxes(Section 7.01.020) available at http://www.metro-
re�ion.ar�/article.cfm?articleid-408
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 11-16
SECTION 12
Moderate Risk Waste Management
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Regulations
Local governments are required by the Washington State Hazardous Waste Management Act
(HWMA, Chapter 70.105 RCW)to address moderate risk waste (MRW) management in
their jurisdictions. Moderate risk wastes are hazardous wastes produced by households
[household hazardous waste (HHW)], and generated by businesses and institutions in small
quantities that do not exceed state regulatory limits:
• 220 pounds (100 kg) of dangerous waste per month or per batch.
• 2.2 pounds (1 kg) of acute or extremely hazardous waste per month or per batch.
In addition, to maintain its status as a small-quantity generator(SQG), a business or
institution may not accumulate more than 2,200 pounds of dangerous waste or more than 2.2
pounds of acute or extremely hazardous waste at one time. SQGs must meet certain
requirements for identifying and managing their hazardous wastes, but are exempt from some
of the waste tracking and reporting requirements.
Businesses or institutions producing or accumulating hazardous waste above the SQG
exclusion limits are required to meet a more stringent set of regulations when storing,
handling, and disposing of their hazardous wastes. In addition, these fully regulated
hazardous waste generators must comply with extensive waste tracking and reporting
requirements.
Hazardous waste as defined in RCW 70.105.010 is not considered solid waste, and therefore
is not typically included in a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. For the
purposes of this Plan, MRWs are solid wastes, and are addressed in this Plan following
planning guidelines (Publication #93-99) established by Ecology and requirements of RCW
70.105.220.
In response to the HWMA and local needs, the initial MRW Plan was completed in 1991,
and was adopted by Spokane County and each municipality within the county. The MRW
Plan was designed to improve the management of moderate risk wastes, thereby promoting
better regional protection of public health and the environment. The MRW Plan contributes
to the Legislature's goal "...to establish a comprehensive statewide framework for the
planning, regulation, and management of hazardous waste..." as outlined in the HWMA
(RCW 70.105.007).
In 1991, the Used Oil Recycling Act(Chapter 70.95I RCW)was enacted by the Washington
State Legislature.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 12-1
SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
Among other requirements, this statute required that MRW management plans more
specifically address needs for collection and recycling used motor oil produced by residential
"do-it-yourselfers"; that is, individuals who change the oil in their own vehicles. The Act
requires that plans establish appropriate goals for improving collection, recycling, and re-
refining of used oil, for educating citizens, and for meeting reporting requirements. In
response to the statute, a used oil recycling element to supplement the County's MRW Plan
was completed in August 1993.
This update to the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan includes
an update to the 1991 Spokane County Moderate Risk Waste Management Plan, and the used
oil recycling element. Unlike the original MRW Plan, the text of this update is fully
integrated into the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan and is not a separate,
stand-alone document.
The MRW Plan proposes a comprehensive program for household and business education
and technical assistance, MRW collection, and disposal compliance. The System prepared
this updated MRW Plan with the guidance and assistance of technical and management staff
from county and municipal departments, the Spokane County Solid Waste Advisory
Committee (SWAC), local elected officials, and interested citizens.
12.1.2 MRW Management Goals
MRW management goals are similar to solid waste management of CDL, inert materials, and
special wastes, and are as follows:
• Satisfy state priorities for waste management, which emphasize waste reuse and reduction
over disposal.
• Maintain MRW monitoring and regulatory procedures that include tracking the types and
quantities of MRW disposed and recycled.
• Provide for efficient collection and transfer of MRW, including opportunities for
competition to reduce costs of collection, transfer, and processing; and promote MRW
recycling and associated businesses. Establish guidelines and strategies for managing
specific MRW streams.
• Continue public outreach and education efforts regarding MRW reuse, reduction, and
disposal.
12.2 Existing Conditions
This section summarizes the various MRW management programs underway in Spokane
County by the System, municipalities, Fairchild AFB, and private businesses. Furthermore,
the SQG program is discussed including education, collection, assessment, regulated
generators, transporters, and remedial action sites in Spokane County.
12.2.1 Household Hazardous Waste
The System primarily has responsibility for HHW management within Spokane County;
however, some local agencies, in cooperation with municipalities, have sponsored special
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 12-2
SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
events to promote and encourage HHW removal from the waste stream. Also, Fairchild AFB
has an HHW collection site and promotes reuse of these materials.
12.2.1.1 System Household Hazardous Waste Program
System Education Program
The System provides HHW education for residences and businesses located in Spokane
County through a variety of approaches. HHW education components are integrated within
the System education programs. That is, whenever general educational information is
presented by the System, a variety of topics regarding waste and disposal, including HHW, is
conveyed at the same time.
Residents often have questions concerning the management of hazardous wastes, particularly
used motor oil, batteries, and other hazardous wastes. Approximately 5 percent of the calls to
Spokane's Recycling Hotline in 2004 were related to hazardous wastes (about 740 calls).
Callers are given assistance over the phone, and in some cases are mailed supplemental
information packets or brochures.
As part of the broader education program established by the System, other methods used to
inform the public on HHW issues include distributing written materials through
governmental offices or businesses, at meetings, and at shows and fairs. The System
sponsors booths at local fairs such as the Family A-Fair, Home and Garden Show, Home Fest
and Earth Day. The System has combined its waste management display with displays
covering air quality and water quality issues.
Presentations, workshops, school assemblies, newsletters, and classroom presentations are
used to increase awareness of environmental issues in Spokane County, including HHW
management. During the 2004-2005 school year, 29 presentations were made through school
assemblies and other community events by the System's solid waste education coordinator,
and presentation topics typically included HHW.
Environmental education also includes production of"Recycling RAP" and "kids enviro
page." Both documents are published during the school year. The RAP is distributed three
times a year to 3,000 elementary school teachers countywide to assist educators with
environmental education integration. The System's full-page "kids enviro page" has been a
companion piece to the RAP since 1995. It is published in"Kids News" ten times during the
school year and goes home with approximately 38,000 elementary school children. In
addition to promoting solid waste recycling and reuse, the publication describes the
importance of segregating and diverting MRW from MSW disposal, promoting the use of
MRW collection facilities in the county.
Although it is difficult to measure the impacts of HHW education efforts, it is clear that an
increasing number of residents are willing to take action to reduce and properly manage their
wastes. This is demonstrated, in part, through participation at the System's HHW collection
sites, which now receive over 37,000 visits annually.
In addition to local waste education, the System regularly provides disposal training to local
jurisdictions and businesses.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 12-3
SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
System Household Hazardous Waste Collection Events
Every year, in conjunction with the Spokane Regional Health District, the Spokane Joint
Aquifer Board, and RSVP (Retired Senior Volunteer Program), the System sponsors an
HHW collection program called"Spring Greening."
Funded by a grant from Ecology, this program consists of volunteers distributing door
hangers with educational materials, and collecting HHW for proper disposal. The events are
designed to serve seniors and physically challenged citizens, providing them an opportunity
to properly discard a range of HHW, including pesticides, paints, paint thinner, solvents, used
motor oil, antifreeze, car batteries, furniture strippers, chemical drain cleaners, disinfectants,
and similar hazardous products. In 2004, approximately 60 volunteers and 320 households
took part in the Spring Greening program, resulting in more than eight(8)tons of HHW
being properly disposed (System, 2004)
12.2.1.2 System Permanent Collection Sites
In 1991, permanent System HHW collection sites were established with the construction of
the North County and Valley Transfer Stations, and the WTE Facility (see Exhibit 7-1). This
made HHW disposal significantly more convenient for citizens. Residents can now deliver
HHW at the recycling/transfer stations and WTE Facility every day of the year except major
holidays.
The System's three fixed facilities receive all types of HHW. Latex paint is also accepted at
these facilities, although latex paint is considered a solid waste and is processed with the
MSW at the WTE facility. The cost of shipping of latex paint to a recycling facility would be
prohibitive. However, useable latex paint is aggressively re-used by the public at our sites.
Most latex paint disposed of is unsuitable for recycling due to freezing. The System has been
involved with and will continue to support product stewardship initiatives such as paint
recycling.
Radioactive wastes (except smoke detectors) are excluded, along with explosives and
critically unstable materials. Trained staff operates the collection program. The program is
paid for with solid waste tipping fees.
Staff accept, sort, and package HHW delivered by the public. Certain hazardous materials
are placed inside a chemical storage building at each collection site. The storage building is
prefabricated and separated into three compartments for corrosives, flammables, and poisons.
Within each compartment, chemicals are stored on shelves, and up to three 55-gallon drums
are placed for lab packing loose packing, or bulking. Outside the chemical storage building
(but within the covered facility), waste oil is stored in an 846-gallon tank, four 55-gallon
drums are set up for antifreeze collection, and auto batteries are stored on a spill pallet.
Many of the HHWs collected are ultimately recycled or used as fuels. Currently, oil-based
paints and other flammable liquids are shipped for fuel blending in cement kilns. Auto
batteries are delivered directly to battery retailers in exchange for the core deposit. Button-
cell batteries are shipped to a refining company for silver and mercury recovery.
Rechargeable batteries are recycled by the Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation
(RBRC). The costs for both shipping the batteries and recycling them are paid by the RBRC.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 12-4
SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
Used motor oil is refined in Portland, Oregon for use as a fuel supplement on ships, or sent to
a refinery for production of recycled lubricating and hydraulic oils. In 2004, approximately
85,000 gallons of motor oil were sent to the refinery. The System is paid $0.15 for each
gallon shipped to Portland. Antifreeze is processed for reuse as a coolant. Other wastes,
such as poisons, corrosives, oxidizers, and aerosols, are lab-packed and shipped to a
hazardous waste incinerator in El Dorado, Arkansas. Waste management methods are
evaluated periodically and are subject to change.
A building for storing HHW prior to shipment was constructed in 1997. This facility is
located at the WTE Facility.
Materials designated for disposal from all of the collection sites are consolidated at this
location and held until shipped out to a treatment storage disposal (TSD)facility.
Operating costs have been remarkably low when examined on a per-vehicle basis. Average
total costs per vehicle served from 1997 through 2004 were $12. Costs are influenced by
many factors, but are primarily driven by the types and quantities of waste delivered to the
facilities and the management methods chosen for those wastes. In 2004, approximately 52
pounds of materials were delivered per vehicle.
System HHW Collection Participation
Since the last Hazardous Risk Waste Management Plan was published in 1991, citizen
participation in the HHW program has increased ten-fold. Exhibit 12-1 shows the increase in
participation between 2000 and 2004.
EXHIBIT 12-1
Participation Over Time at Fixed HHW Facilities
Year Participants
2000 35,000
2001 36,750
2002 38,352
2003 39,450
2004 37,200
Source: Windsor(May 2006)
Records have been kept of the types and quantities of waste handled through the fixed HHW
collection facilities, including quantities of dry cell batteries received through the curbside
and retail collection programs. Exhibit 12-2 summarizes the quantities of materials handled
from 2001 through 2004.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 12-5
SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
EXHIBIT 12-2
Types and Quantities in Tons of HHW Collected at System Facilities
Types of HHW 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Materials
Antifreeze 32 33 37 37 32
Automobile Batteries 85.4 94 108 91 90
Corrosives 2.2 3 8 11 9
Dry Cell Batteries 69.8 80 91 88 88
Flammable Liquids 71.1 73 78 84 89
Pesticides/Poisons 2.4 2 13 7 4
Waste Oil 300 365 339 330 322
Total 562.9 650 674 648 634
Used motor oil and auto batteries account for more than half of the HHW stream. In addition
to the 90 tons collected through the System HHW collection program in 2004, the majority of
used auto batteries produced during the year are delivered to battery retailers in exchange for
the core deposit. These waste streams are being managed well through existing private and
public sector efforts.
Also, the System sponsors a hazardous materials reuse program. A table is set up at the
facilities for people to take reusable products, such as paints, pesticides, waxes, cleaners, and
stains. Products are carefully screened by operations staff and do not include old or
unidentifiable products or any restricted or banned pesticides. The program is extremely
popular. Through 2004, nearly 150,000 pounds of products had been distributed through the
reuse program.
12.2.1.3 System Dry Cell Battery Collection
Dry cell batteries are collected at the HHW facility at the transfer stations and the WTE
Facility. Furthermore, the System also encourages retailers county-wide to accept dry cell
batteries from the public. Currently, over 40 retailers and recycling centers are participating
in the dry cell battery collection program. In 2004, over 80 tons of dry cell batteries were
collected. This includes alkalines, rechargeables, and button cells. City of Spokane Solid
Waste Management personnel sort the batteries. Mercury-containing batteries, including
button cell batteries, are sent for recycling to reclaim the mercury. Rechargeables and
batteries containing lead are recycled. The remaining batteries are sent for hazardous waste
disposal.
12.2.1.4 System Used Oil Collection Sites and Recycling Goals
The maj ority of used motor oil recycled by residential "do-it-yourselfers" is received at the
three System HHW collection facilities described above. However, numerous business sites
throughout the county are available for residents to drop off used motor oiL Most of these
sites are located at automotive service or repair shops, or auto supply retail stores. The
number and location of sites changes frequently and there is not a maintained site list.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 12-6
SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
Used oil collection and recycling goals for Spokane County were established when the
System adopted the Used Oil Recycling Element as an amendment to the MRW Plan in 1993.
The initial collection goal was 80 percent, which is consistent with the statewide goals
established in the Used Oil Recycling Act, Chapter 70.95I RCW.
12.2.1.5 System Services to Neighboring Counties
The System has interlocal agreements with neighboring Ferry, Lincoln, Pend Oreille,
Stevens, and Whitman counties to assist them in training, handling and disposing of HHW
collected in their jurisdictions. The System also assists Asotin County with HHW training.
These counties may deliver wastes to the System's fixed facilities for bulking, lab-packing,
and shipment. This service, provided by the System at cost, helps facilitate HHW
management throughout the region.
System Health and Safety Program
The System has developed an employee training program that has become both a state and
national model.
An in-house training program has been prepared for solid waste facility personnel as well as
HHW facility operators. This training is available to non-municipal employees who might
need hazardous materials training such as staff from local counties.
Transfer station personnel complete a 24-hour hazardous materials training course. The
course includes instruction on a variety of topics, including hazard determination, hazard
communication, physical and health hazards of chemicals, use of personal protective
equipment, hygiene, work procedures, basic chemistry and toxicology, information on
bloodborne pathogens, waste characterization, medical monitoring emergency response,
decontamination, and storage and handling of incompatible or reactive wastes.
Hazardous waste technicians responsible for supervision and specialized waste handling
receive 40-hour training. These staff inembers are involved in lab-packing certain wastes
(such as poisons, corrosives, and oxidizers) and testing unknown wastes for proper
classification and disposal.
All solid waste and HHW facility employees, as well as staff inembers from other counties,
receive an annual 8-hour refresher course in hazardous materials training. Periodically,
employees participate in drills to test the effectiveness of their training.
System Compliance and Enforcement
During implementation of the MRW Plan, emphasis has been given to expanding collection
opportunities, as well as providing education and technical assistance to businesses in the
county to improve MRW management. If serious or imminent threats to public health or the
environment are identified through complaints or onsite visits to businesses, the System will
refer such problems to the appropriate regulatory agencies.
A primary focus of the System's compliance effort has been to assure the quality of the waste
stream arriving at the NSLF, the WTE Facility, and the transfer stations. A load inspection
program has been established to identify non-acceptable wastes, including asbestos, regulated
quantities of hazardous waste, infectious waste, large containers, nonprocessible material,
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 12-7
SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
recyclables, large quantities of liquids, contaminated soils, and sludge. If unacceptable
wastes such as hazardous waste are discovered through load inspection, an effort is made to
identify the sources of the waste. Responsible parties are notified, if possible, and
arrangements made for proper waste disposal.
The quality control program also includes an emergency response plan. The plan identifies
procedures for response to injuries, fires and explosions, hazardous material spills, and
release of toxic gases. Training on emergency response procedures is provided to all facility
employees.
System Program Evaluation
The System tracks and reports expenditures, activities, and accomplishments associated with
the MRW management program. Reports are routinely provided to Ecology and the Spokane
Regional Health District(SRHD). The System also compiles detailed information on its
HHW and SQG waste collection programs on an annual or more frequent basis.
12.2.1.6 Municipal Household Hazardous Waste Collection
Residents and businesses in municipalities throughout the county use System HHW facilities
and programs, as described in detail in the preceding section.
12.2.1.7 Fairchild Air Force Base Household Hazardous Waste Collections
Fairchild AFB operates an aggressive recycling program. As part of its program, the base
Recycle Center operates a household hazardous material exchange shelf during normal
business hours. This recycle-through-reuse program is designed to reuse household
hazardous products. Residential customers can bring in usable materials (for example,
paints, household cleaners, car care products, woodcraft stains and oils, and automotive
fluids)that are kept on the exchange shelf at the center. In turn, individuals in need of
products can pick up items. This program reduces the improper disposal of household
hazardous materials. The base Recycle Center accepts household waste including automotive
products (for example, used motor oil, spent antifreeze, white fuels, automotive batteries, and
marine batteries), household batteries, and aerosol cans. The center will ensure the waste is
disposed of properly. This service is available during normal business hours (Wulf, 2004).
12.2.1.8 Private Businesses
Dry Cell and Vehicle Battery Collection
In addition to System collection facilities, residential refuse collection haulers play an
important role by providing curbside collection of dry cell and vehicle batteries along with
other recyclable materials. The service is available to all residential customers that receive
recycling collection. The program is one of the few in the United States offering curbside
battery pickup. Batteries are delivered by the collection vehicles to one of the contracted
recycling facilities. City of Spokane staff picks up the batteries and segregates them by
battery type. Alkaline and rechargeable batteries are recycled by RBRC. Vehicle batteries
and other lead-containing batteries are recycled by a local battery recycling contractor.
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SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
Other Private Business Operations
As of 2004, there were no hazardous waste treatment storage disposal (TSD)facilities in
Spokane County. However, numerous companies are available to assist Spokane County
generators with services such as waste testing collection, and transportation to appropriate
management facilities. Many of these companies are identified in the publication,Hazardous
Waste Disposal A Guide for Businesses, prepared by the System.
12.2.1.9 Other Collections
The Spokane Aquifer Joint Board (SA7B) develops programs to protect the quality of the
Spokane Valley Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer. To reduce improper disposal of HHW that could harm
the aquifer, the SA7B sponsored four HHW collection events in the Spokane Ualley, Liberty
Lake, Millwood, and Otis Orchards in collaboration with Fire District 1.Citizens were advised
to bring their unwanted or unused HHW to local fire stations in order to facilitate proper
disposal. The Liberty Lake collection event was part of a larger neighborhood cleanup and the
most successful of the four HHW events, collecting approximately 1.5 tons of HHW. Because
of the uneven participation at the events, SAJB is exploring other ways of increasing awareness
of issues of HHW over the aquifer and promoting use of System facilities and programs.
12.2.2 Small-Quantity Generator
12.2.2.1 Small-Quantity Generator Education
The System conducts a variety of activities to assist SQGs in minimizing the production of
hazardous waste and properly managing wastes that are produced. This service is provided to
SQGs throughout the county.
Following are examples of the education and technical assistance that are provided:
• Spokane County Hazardous Waste Guide. This booklet is provided to area businesses. It
contains information to assist businesses in designating hazardous wastes, and identifies
governmental and private resources for waste management assistance.
• Assistance to Businesses. In cooperation with Ecology, field staff provide assistance
onsite to auto repair shops, body shops, machine shops, radiator shops, auto dealers, and
salvage yards.
• Presentations. The System presents information on Spokane County's SQG program
through various workshops and business association meetings.
These activities are coordinated with numerous state and local governmental agencies and,
where appropriate, trade associations. Agencies involved with these efforts include Ecology,
Department of Labor and Industries, the City of Spokane Riverside Park Waste Reclamation
Facility (RPWRF), City of Spokane Environmental Programs Office, local fire districts,
SRHD, and Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority (SCAPCA).
12.2.2.2 Small-Quantity Generator Hazardous Waste Collection
Since July 1993, the System provides space at the Valley Transfer Station for a hazardous
waste management firm to collect wastes from SQGs. On the last Tuesday of each month,
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businesses may bring their waste to this transfer station for proper management. The
businesses pay the contractor for disposal based on the type and quantity of waste, and
receive a record showing that they are properly managing their hazardous waste. The System
pays for advertisements and education associated with the collection program. The System
also provides space for contractor equipment storage, access to facility operational staff,
temporary storage for consolidated waste in drums, and publicity for the program. The
contractor is responsible for pre-registering participants, collecting fees, packaging and
transporting wastes to approved facilities, and providing reports of each collection to the
System. By assigning most of the administrative, financial, and waste handling tasks to the
contractor, services are provided to SQGs with minimal workload for System staff, and at
little cost to the System.
Participation has grown steadily since the program's inception. The SQG waste collection
program had 200 participants in 2004 and delivered a total of approximately 11,400 pounds
of hazardous waste. Exhibit 12-3 shows the tonnages collected from 2000-2004.
ExHisir 12-3
Small-Quantity Generator Hazardous Waste Collection
Valley Recycling/ 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Transfer Station
Quantity 10,500 12,000 14,000 9,500 11,400
Participants 100 102 96 92 105
All numbers are listed in tons.
12.2.3 Assessment of Small-Quantity Generators
Many of the programs mentioned in the 1998 plan have ceased operations or have become
obsolete because of changes in technologies that no longer use hazardous material.
Information characterizing the SQG waste stream is limited. The Spokane Aquifer Joint
Board (SA7B)in 2006 conducted an assessment of SQGs located over the Spokane Aquifer.
The System worked with the SA7B on this assessment. Further information on this
assessment can be found on the SAJB website www.spokaneaquifer.or�.
12.2.4 Regulated Generators, Transporters, and Identified Remedial Action Sites
The federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act(RCRA) and the HWMA regulate
hazardous waste from the point of generation to final disposal. Businesses or institutions that
generate regulated quantities of hazardous waste, transport hazardous wastes, or own or
operate a hazardous waste TSD facility must obtain an EPA/state identification number, as
well as comply with other regulatory requirements. Each year, every business or institution
with an EPA/state ID number must submit an annual report describing its hazardous waste
management activities.
Exhibit 12-4 is a list of hazardous waste generators within Spokane County reported to
Ecology.'
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SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
EXHIBIT 12-4
Hazardous Waste Generators within Spokane County
Generator Type Number of Generators
Large-Quantity Generator 37
Medium-Quantity Generator 43
Small-Quantity Generator 202
Total 226
Lists of generators and transporters and annual report information may be obtained from the
Ecology Eastern Regional Office, North 4601 Monroe, Suite 100, Spokane, Washington
99205.
Poor management of hazardous waste in the past has resulted in contaminated sites
throughout the State of Washington.
Seventy remedial action sites in Spokane County were designated by Ecology's Toxics
Clean-up Program as needing investigation, or are undergoing hazardous waste clean-up
activities. Management of these sites is shared by different Ecology sections: the Eastern
Washington Section (55 sites), Headquarters Section (14 sites), and Industrial Section (1
site). Of these sites, 6 are designated Superfund sites under the EPA.
In accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980, EPA maintains a database of potential or known hazardous waste sites
on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Information System (CERCLIS) (http://www.epa. ov/superfund/sites/cursites/). Sites come
to the attention of EPA through notification by site owners, citizens, state and local
governmental agencies, and other sources. Included within the CERCLIS is the list of federal
Superfund sites on the National Priorities List. These sites are listed as priorities for
response, based on their potential impact on public health or the environment. As of October
2005, there were 100 Superfund sites in Washington State, 8 of which were located in
Spokane County. The National Priorities List sites in Spokane County are:
• Colbert Landfill.
• Fairchild Air Force Base (four areas).
• General Electric (Spokane shop).
• Greenacres Landfill.
• Kaiser Aluminum Mead Works.
• Mica Landfill.
• North Market Street(Tosco).
• Northside Landfill.
The sites listed above were placed on the National Priorities List between the years 1983 and
1994. Although the status of cleanup varies from site to site, in most cases significant
progress has been made in completing remedial investigations, feasibility studies, interim
cleanups, and/or other actions. For current lists and information on CERCLIS sites listed by
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EPA, individuals may contact the Region 10 office of EPA, 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle,
Washington 98101. Information on the current status of remedial actions at National
Priorities List sites may be obtained from the Department of Ecology, Eastern Regional
Office or the EPA Region 10 office.
12.3 Key Issues
The Guidelines for the Development of Local Solid Waste Management Plans and Plan
Revisions, published in 1999, specifically address reducing the toxicity of the waste stream.
The guidelines require that each jurisdiction plan and implement programs in five areas of
toxicity reduction. These required program areas are:
• Household and public education.
• Household hazardous waste collection.
• Business technical assistance.
• Business collection assistance.
• Enforcement.
12.4 Alternatives
Options for reducing the toxicity of disposed wastes are presented within the five areas of
toxicity reduction.
Household and Public Education
1. Expand public education programs to reduce the generation of moderate risk waste.
2. Continue to provide public education on alternative products.
Household Hazardous Waste Collection
3. Use mobile collection centers to target rural areas.
4. Provide on-call collection services for moderate risk waste.
4a. Continue to provide Household Hazardous Waste collection at permanent System
facilities
Mercury Waste Education and Outreach
5. Continue to provide education and outreach to residents on the risks associated with
mercury in the waste stream and to promote the availability of HHW collection sites and
recycling businesses for alternate methods of processing along with proper handling and
disposal of this waste.
Business Technical Assistance
6. Develop and distribute purchasing guidelines for re-refined lubricating oils.
7. Continue to provide business collection assistance for MRW.
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SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
8. Maintain enforcement efforts by appropriate enforcement agencies.
12.4.1 Household and Public Education
1. Expanded public education.
For education, current household hazardous waste efforts appear to be comprehensive. These
efforts need to be continued on an ongoing basis to reach new residents. One segment of
society that could benefit from targeted educational efforts is where English is used as a
second language. For example, in Yakima County (Washington), Ecology developed a used
oil/filter recycling program for Spanish speaking businesses, employers, and residents. The
program has been well received, with many businesses owners requesting the information in
both English and Spanish to distribute to their employees and customers.
2. Education on alternative products.
In addition to the message about proper disposal of household hazardous waste and used oil,
the System also distributes educational messages on alternatives to hazardous household
products. The System should review these brochures to see if there is any additional
information that could be included. Much of this type of information can be found on the
Washington Toxics Coalition's Home Safe Home Program website.
The Home Safe Home Program has produced a series of fact sheets that identify hazards with
various types of products and suggest alternatives."
12.4.2 Household Hazardous Waste Collection
Expanded collection capabilities and increased collection events may help extend
opportunities for proper disposal to more residents. Several opportunities exist for the
System to expand its current household collection capabilities.
3. Use mobile collection centers to target rural areas.
In addition to permanent collection facilities, many communities use mobile facilities that
travel to areas where residents do not have easy access to permanent facilities. Residents can
bring their household hazardous waste to the mobile facility when it is in their community.
Often communities will place a limit on the amount of waste that may be brought in by an
individual, usually 5 gallons or 50 pounds total per vehicle per trip. The System could
consider offering this type of service in the rural areas of the county. It is very expensive to
acquire the equipment and to staff these events. The System could also consider providing
funding to hire a private contractor to set up and run mobile events in different communities
in the County on an experimental basis to determine demand.
4. Provide on-call collection services.
The System currently sponsors an annual event for HHW collection from senior citizens and
physically challenged individuals. The System could consider offering on-call services for
these individuals, rather than a single, annual event. The Retired Senior Volunteer Program
(RSVP) already does this to a certain extent.
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SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
4a Continue Household Hazardous Waste collection at permanent System facilities.
The System operates three permanent collection facilities throughout Spokane County. These
HHW collection facilities are at both of the transfer stations as well as at the Waste-to-Energy
facility and are open for accepting materials 359 days a year.(with the exception of major
holidays). All forms of HHW other than asbestos are collected. All facilities will continue to
operate in the future and the System will evaluate the option of mobile collection events to
service the outlying communities.
12.4.4 Business Technical Assistance
The System currently provides free technical assistance to businesses wanting to learn how to
reduce and manage hazardous waste and has developed a variety of educational materials.
The System offers site visitation as well as waste designation services to SQG's as well as
promoting monthly collection events at the Valley Transfer Station for SQG's. These
monthly collection events are conducted by a contractor that charges the SQG directly for the
service without public subsidy. However, the opportunity exists to provide additional
educational materials to businesses, as well as local government agencies, to foster markets
for used oil and provide recognition for businesses for their environmental achievements.
5. Purchasing guidelines for re-refined lubricating oils.
Eventually, motor oil becomes dirty and must be replaced with new oil to maintain engine
performance.
This used motor oil can be re-refined into new oil, processed into fuel oils, and used as raw
materials for the petroleum industry. Re-refined lubricating oil is subject to the same
stringent refining, compounding and performance standards as virgin oil for use in
automotive, heavy-duty diesel, and other internal combustion engines, hydraulic fluids, and
gear oils. Laboratory testing and field studies have concluded that re-refined oil is equivalent
to virgin oil and can pass all prescribed performance tests (e.g., cold-start, pumpability, rust-
corrosion, engine-wear, and high-temperature viscosity tests). Additionally, the three major
U.S. automobile manufacturers now recognize that re-refined oil meets the performance
criteria in their warranties (as long as the oil meets certification standards issued by the
American Petroleum Institute).
Typically, in spite of quality assurances, the general public is not interested in purchasing re-
refined oil for their personal vehicles. However, fleet use of re-refined oil is a viable market.
The EPA has developed a Comprehensive Procurement Guideline for re-refined oil that local
governments can use in their purchasing programs for oil-related products (the price of re-
refined oil is comparable to virgin oil). Additionally, this information can be made available
to businesses operating in Spokane County, particularly those operating commercial fleets.
The System could assess availability of re-refined oil in Spokane County, and promote its use
through purchasing guidelines.
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6. Business collection assistance.
The System currently provides at the Valley Transfer Station for collection of wastes
generated by Small Quantity Generators, and provides assistance to school laboratories with
disposal of unwanted chemicals. The System should continue to provide these services.
7. Enforcement efforts.
With respect to businesses generating hazardous wastes, the System has relied primarily on
educational efforts and collection opportunities to obtain compliance with state laws. The
System also uses a load inspection program to identify wastes that have been sent to System
facilities for disposal, which should be managed through other appropriate means. The
System should continue with these efforts.
12.5 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, the County and each municipality, and the
general public. Evaluations and comparisons of the moderate risk waste alternatives
discussed above leads this Plan to recommend implementing a progressive but monitored
approach to moderate risk waste activities. This approach will provide for continued
progress toward meeting Washington State's priority of reducing the release of hazardous
waste into the environment while maintaining a sustainable balance of costs and benefits to
Spokane County residents and businesses.
The Plan recommends continuing with the System's current public education program related
to moderate risk waste. Additional opportunities for moderate risk waste education, training
collection, or processing programs should be carefully assessed to weigh the costs with the
benefits of the programs. Expenditure of limited resources must always be appropriately
scrutinized and prioritized. The Plan encourages the system to continuously look for ways to
improve and monitor the effectiveness of its programs.
Some of the alternatives have been modified to allow for further assessment or monitoring of
an issue before implementation. This was because the issue was either not fully supported by
SWAC members, or SWAC did not have enough knowledge of the issue to warrant
implementation without further study. An estimated timeframe for implementation of each
recommendation is listed in Section 14, Implementation. Those alternatives that did not
move forward as a recommendation were generally unsupported by SWAC and the public
input process.
Household and Public Education
1. Continue public education programs to reduce the generation of moderate risk waste.
2. Continue to provide public education on alternative products.
Household Hazardous Waste Collection
3. Assess using mobile collection centers to target rural areas.
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SECTION�2 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT
4. Assess providing on-call collection services for moderate risk waste.
Mercury Waste Education and Outreach
5. Continue to provide education and outreach to residents on the risks associated with
mercury in the waste stream and to promote the availability of HHW collection sites and
recycling businesses for alternate methods of processing along with proper handling and
disposal of this waste.
Business Technical Assistance
6. Develop and distribute purchasing guidelines for re-refined lubricating oils.
7. Continue to provide business collection assistance for MRW.
8. Maintain enforcement efforts by appropriate enforcement agencies.
' 7ohn Blunt,2006.
" More information available at http://www.watoxics.arg.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 12-16
SECTION 13
Administration and Enforcement
13.1 Introduction and Goals
Two important elements of solid waste management plans are to review the existing
administration structure and practices, and discuss solid waste enforcement policies and
responsibilities.
Administrative and enforcement goals of Spokane County's solid waste programs are:
• Maintain an institutional framework that delineates the roles and responsibilities of
Spokane County, the City of Spokane, the other regional cities, Fairchild Air Force Base,
Spokane Regional Health District(SRHD), and the private sector.
• Avoid duplication of solid waste planning programs, or administrative support services.
• Ensure that the responsibilities and authorities granted to implementing agencies allow
them to function in an efficient manner.
• Develop and implement efficient programs that work and address the needs and desires of
the citizens in achieving solid waste management goals and objectives.
• Ensure future financial integrity of solid waste management in the county to include:
— Maintaining sufficient funding mechanisms.
— Maintaining financial clarity and established measures of accountability.
• Ensure that proper monitoring regulatory procedures, and management accountability are
in place to adequately manage the various solid waste streams generated in Spokane
County.
• Ensure that enforcement agencies are adequately staffed and sufficiently funded.
13.2 History of Current System
The first county-wide solid waste management plan for Spokane County was prepared in
1971, with subsequent updates in 1984, 1992, and the current 1998 update. A summary of
how these plans shaped the current administrative structure and responsibilities is provided
below.
13.2.1 1984 Solid Waste Management Plan
After considering alternatives for the development of an integrated, county-wide solid waste
management system, Spokane County recommended the current system in the 1984 Solid
Waste Management Plan. Actions were taken by the County and cities in Spokane County
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SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
with the aim of developing an efficient, stable system for the management of solid waste.
The primary administrative instruments that were developed were:
• The 1988 Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City of Spokane and
Spokane County,Washington, Spokane Regional Solid Waste Management System,
and subsequent amendments ("Interlocal Cooperation Agreement"). An agreement
between the County and the City of Spokane for the financing, operation, and
management of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste Management System Solid Waste
System.
• The 1985 County Waste Flow Control Ordinance and subsequent amendments. A
law established by the County to ensure disposal of waste generated in unincorporated
areas at System facilities.
• Regional City Interlocal Agreements. Cooperative agreements between Spokane
County and the City of Spokane with the other cities within Spokane County signed
between 1989 and 1991 for developing a coordinated solid waste management plan,
providing a regional tipping fee, and for ensuring disposal of waste generated in
incorporated areas at System facilities. A similar interlocal agreement was established
between the County and the City of Spokane with Fairchild Air Force Base. The cities of
Spokane Ualley and Liberty Lake signed interlocal agreements in 2003 shortly after their
incorporation (see Exhibit 13-1).
These administrative documents provide the framework by which the solid waste system in
Spokane County now operates. They delineate the roles and responsibilities of each entity,
and establish clear financial responsibilities for developing and maintaining an integrated and
regional solid waste system.
13.2.2 1992 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan and Final
Environmental Impact Statement
The 1992 Plan included a thorough review of administration and enforcement needs just as
the System was beginning operations and many new waste reduction and recycling programs
were being implemented. A summary of the 1992 Plan's recommendations:
• The System should continue and, if necessary, expand upon its efforts toward waste
reduction, recycling solid waste planning, special wastes handling, financial planning and
management, and litter control. The System should continue to act as the primary
implementing agency for solid waste capital improvement programs.
• The System should work with the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission
and refuse collectors to ensure that minimum service levels and preferential rates for
recycling services are maintained in unincorporated areas. The County Interlocal
Agreement should be modified to clarify the role the System will take for overseeing
waste reduction and recycling programs in unincorporated areas of Spokane County.
• The coordinated approach to litter enforcement and illegal dumping cleanup between the
System and the SRHD should continue. Improvements in the working relationship
should take place to eliminate duplication of services.
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SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
• The County Interlocal Agreement should be amended to provide limited decision-making
authority to the liaison board for reviewing and approving amendments to the solid waste
plan that do not have significant cost or policy implications.
• The SRHD should continue assessing its budgetary priorities; if additional resources are
needed, it should request them from the Board of Health.
• The Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan should be reviewed
and revised every 5 years.
13.2.3 1998 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update
The 1998 Plan built on the planning framework established in the 1992 Plan and was
prepared in accordance with the new planning requirements set forth in RCW 70.95 and
outlined in the state planning guidelines. Key issues of the 1998 Plan are listed below.
• The System should continue to monitor waste flows within the System and national
developments in flow control legislation. Should the need for additional revenues
materialize because of waste flows leaking or leaving the System, the System should take
steps to stabilize its revenue base.
• The System should prepare an annual report for the 1997 calendar year, beginning in early
1998. The annual report should be scheduled into the System's roster of tasks that need
to be completed each year.
• The SRHD should work closely with System staff and inform them of any pending
changes to existing solid waste facility permits, and involve them in the decision-making
process when evaluating any potential new solid waste facility.
• The System should create a capital improvement fund in which funds would be collected
to pay for maj or improvements to System facilities.
• The County Interlocal Agreement should be reviewed to determine the need for revision
or amendment, including a procedure for approving amendments to the Comprehensive
Solid Waste Management Plan that do not have significant cost or policy implications.
• No changes will be made to the existing solid waste administrative structure without
undergoing a study by SWAC.
• The System should prepare a catastrophic waste management plan.
• The County should actively consider forming a disposal district to pay for solid waste
management services.
13.3 Existing Conditions
13.3.1 Solid Waste System Administration
An integrated, county-wide solid waste management program in Spokane County is currently
managed by the System. There are, however, a number of different governing jurisdictions
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who are responsible for administering aspects of solid waste management activities in
Spokane County, and whose coordinated activities are important to the success of this
program. Jurisdictions involved in Spokane County solid waste management include:
• Washington State.
• Spokane County.
• Spokane Regional Solid Waste System.
• City of Spokane.
• Regional Cities (Airway Heights, Cheney, Deer Park, Fairfield, Latah, Liberty Lake,
Medical Lake, Millwood, Rockford, Spangle, Spokane Ualley, Waverly).
• Fairchild Air Force Base.
In addition, the following entities have specific roles in solid waste management:
• Spokane Regional Solid Waste System Liaison Board ("Liaison Board," originally called
the Spokane Regional Solid Waste Disposal Project Policy Committee).
• Spokane County Solid Waste Advisory Committee.
• Spokane Regional Health District.
Furthermore, private businesses have specific, important solid waste management roles in the
county. These businesses include solid waste reuse and recycling collection, and disposal
businesses and are described in the previous sections of this Plan.
A brief description of the roles and responsibilities of each jurisdictional participant follows.
13.3.2 Washington State
RCW 70.95 gives the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) authority to
promulgate solid waste regulations, review and appeal facility permits, and approve solid
waste management plans. These regulations are set forth in Chapter 173-350 WAC' and are
called the Minimum Functional Standards. Regulations are also included in Chapter 173-350
WAC" Solid Waste Handling Standards, and Chapter 173-351 WAC"' Criteria for Municipal
Solid Waste Landfills. Jurisdictional health departments have the authority to permit solid
waste handling facilities and to set standards that must be at least as strict as the state
standards. No permit may be issued for a facility that is inconsistent with an approved solid
waste management plan.
The state has provided partial funding for various solid waste planning and proj ect
development activities through grant programs administered by Ecology. In Spokane County,
grant funding was made available to assist in funding construction of the WTE Facility and
for development and implementation of waste reduction, recycling moderate risk waste, and
comprehensive solid waste planning programs. State funds are also made available to the
SRHD for solid waste disposal facility inspections and related administrative expenses.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-4
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
The State also regulates certain solid waste collection services through the Washington
Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC). Private garbage collection companies
serving unincorporated areas and those municipalities that default to the County's authority
on solid waste collection are regulated by the WUTC. The WUTC grants certificates and sets
rates and types of service. WUTC authority does not automatically extend to collection in
cities and towns. The WUTC also reviews portions of the comprehensive solid waste
management plans. Details on the role of the WUTC are included in Section 6, Collection.
13.3.3 Spokane County
Spokane County is responsible for overseeing closure and post-closure activities at the Mica
Landfill, Colbert Landfill, and Greenacres Landfill. With the signing of the Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement with the City of Spokane, the County no longer owns or operates
active waste handling facilities. Under that agreement, the County is responsible for ensuring
delivery of waste from unincorporated areas to the System facilities and may not site or
permit any new disposal facility, such as a landfill, unless it is designated as a System facility.
The County reviews the System's budget each year, and any of the following"maj or
decisions" faced by the System must be agreed to by both the City and the County:
• An expansion of the System's service territory to include use of the System by entities
located outside the County.
• Discretionary modifications of the System costing in excess of$1 million.
• Major changes in the construction contract for the WTE Facility.
• Any change in tipping fee amounts or components other than changes made to fulfill
bonding or closure requirements.
• Siting and selection of any publicly owned transfer stations.
• Adoption and implementation of a county-wide solid waste reduction, recycling, litter
control.
• Siting and selection of any regional landfill used for solid waste.
• The adoption, development, and implementation of a county-wide dangerous waste
disposal program.
The Interlocal Cooperation Agreement contains language which provides that it automatically
renews in 2014 for another 20-year term unless the City of Spokane and Spokane County
agree not to renew it. This interlocal agreement can be revised or terminated only if both the
City of Spokane and the County agree to the revision or termination of the agreement. As
long as jurisdictions continue to be a part of the System through their interlocal agreements,
the City of Spokane must provide to those jurisdictions' citizens the same disposal services as
City of Spokane constituents and at the same costs.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-5
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
13.3.4 The Spokane Regional Solid Waste System
The Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, a department of the City of Spokane, was created
by the Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between Spokane County and the City of Spokane
on October 11, 1988. System facilities consist of all property owned or acquired by the City
for the following purposes:
• Disposal of solid waste generated within the Spokane County's boundaries for the benefit
of the County and all jurisdictions within.
• Management of solid waste generated and collected elsewhere and delivered to System
facilities for disposal or recycling.
The System includes:
• The Northside Landfill.
• The WTE Facility.
• The Colbert and Valley transfer stations.
• Recycling and household hazardous waste facilities located at the WTE Facility and
transfer stations.
• The Malloy Prairie ash landfill site.
• The Colbert regional compost facility site (currently inactive).
• The City of Spokane refuse collection system.
• The rights of the City to dispose of ash, bypass, and nonprocessible waste from the
System facilities at non-System landfill sites (i.e., agreement with RDC for disposal at the
Roosevelt Regional Landfill).
The System is a department of the City of Spokane's government under provisions of
Spokane Municipal Code 13.02.0112.'° It is under the general direction of an executive
director, who is appointed by the Mayor. The executive director is responsible for all System
operations except for direct supervision of System facility operations staf£ System facilities
are staffed by City of Spokane Solid Waste Management employees who are under the direct
supervision of the director of the Solid Waste Management department.
13.3.5 The City of Spokane
The chief executive of the City of Spokane is an elected Mayor, who performs the normal
functions of an elected chief executive, including powers of appointment, supervision and
dismissal of the director who directly manages the System. The Mayor proposes the annual
budget for the City, which includes the System budget and System rates. The Mayor also has
veto power over ordinances passed by the Spokane City Council affecting the System's
operations and policies.
The City of Spokane's legislative function is performed by the Spokane City Council. The
Spokane City Council confirms the Mayor's appointment of the System director and
approves the System's budget and rates, except for tipping fees which are subject to final
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-6
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
approval by Spokane County as a"major decision" under the 1988 City-County Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement. The Spokane City Council also enacts ordinances governing
System operations, subj ect to the Interlocal Agreement.
The City of Spokane is obligated under the 1988 Interlocal Agreement to finance certain
System capital improvements and to handle solid waste disposal and related functions for the
City of Spokane and other participating local government jurisdictions in incorporated and
unincorporated areas of Spokane County.
Besides tipping fees, the Interlocal Agreement lists other"maj or decisions" that must be
approved by Spokane County. The Spokane Regional Solid Waste System operates as a
separate administrative department of Spokane City government from the City Department of
Solid Waste Management. Each department has a separate director and a separate budget.
The System budget and the Solid Waste Management budget are accounted for in separate
enterprise fund accounts. Collection revenues and costs of the City's Solid Waste
Management Department are not included in the calculation of System tipping fees, and
System revenues and costs are not included in the calculation of the City's Solid Waste
Management Department's collection utility rates.
The City of Spokane is responsible for making operational decisions for the System other
than the"maj or decisions" that must be agreed to by the County. The City of Spokane
prepares the annual System budget. The System budget and the Solid Waste Management
budget are accounted for in separate enterprise fund accounts. Collection revenues and costs
are not included in the calculation of System tipping fees, and System revenues and costs are
not included in the calculation of Spokane's collection utility rates.
13.3.6 Regional Cities and Fairchild Air Force Base
The term "regional cities" refers to the incorporated cities and towns within Spokane County,
excepting the City of Spokane, that have entered into Regional City Interlocal Agreements.
This includes the Cities of Airway Heights, Cheney, Deer Park, Liberty Lake, Medical Lake,
and Spokane Valley; and the Towns of Fairfield, Latah, Millwood, Rockford, Spangle, and
Waverly. Fairchild Air Force Base also holds an interlocal agreement with Spokane County
and the City of Spokane. Each of the regional cities and Fairchild Air Force Base are
responsible for making arrangements for their constituents' solid waste collection services,
either by allowing for collection by a relevant WUTGcertified collection firm; or through its
own crews; or by contracting directly with a private collection firm. Waste disposal and
opportunities for recycling and household hazardous waste drop-off are provided at System
transfer stations and the WTE Facility. In addition, some towns provide specific services:
Airway Heights, Cheney, Medical Lake, and Spangle provide recycling and Cheney has a
yard waste facility.
Each of the Regional Cities located within Spokane County executed an interlocal agreement
with the City and County of Spokane. Fairchild Air Force Base executed a waste
commitment agreement with the City and County of Spokane. The Regional City Interlocal
Agreements and the Fairchild AFB agreement ensure that they will receive consistent, high
quality waste management and disposal facility services, program services for moderate risk
waste, waste reduction and recycling activities, and the administrative support services
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-7
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
necessary to implement those operations and programs from the System. The interlocal
agreements also direct each entity's waste to System facilities. Except for Liberty Lake and
Spokane Ualley, these interlocal agreements automatically renew for 20 years at the end of the
initial terms (between 2014 and 2016)unless either party chooses not to renew. All System
participants receive the same services as City of Spokane constituents and at the same costs.
Shortly after the cities of Liberty Lake and Spokane Ualley and Liberty Lake were formed in
2001 and 2003, respectively, they also executed Regional City Interlocal Agreements with the
City of Spokane and Spokane County; however, their terms are somewhat different.
Their interlocal agreements expire in 2011 or when the bonds are paid off. The cities of
Liberty Lake and Spokane Valley will need to negotiate new disposal agreements at the end
of their agreement terms.
The Regional City Interlocal Agreements authorize the System to prepare updates to the solid
waste management plan. Each Plan Update must be provided to the County, each city and
Fairchild Air Force Base for adoption. A city that does not adopt the prepared Plan Update is
required under Chapter 70.95 RCW to prepare its own.
Exhibit 13-1 lists the expiration dates of the various interlocal agreements.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-8
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SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
13.3.7 Spokane Regional Health District
The SRHD issues permits for solid waste facilities and enforces solid waste handling
regulations in the county. The SRHD's Solid Waste Handlin� Standards° are implemented
through the permitting process. The SRHD issues, renews and, when necessary, suspends
permits for solid waste handling and disposal facilities. Landfills, transfer stations, waste-to-
energy facilities, drop-boxes, and incinerators must have permits in order to legally operate.
Recycling facilities may be exempt from solid waste handling permitting if they comply with
the exemption provisions in Chapter 173-350-210 WAC.°' All solid waste handling facility
permits must conform to an approved Solid Waste Management Plan. Ecology has authority
to appeal a permit to the Pollution Control Hearings Board. All solid waste facilities are
inspected on a regular basis by the SRHD for conformance with solid waste regulations and
permit requirements.
13.3.8 Spokane Regional Solid Waste Liaison Board
This board was formed in 1988 as the "Spokane Regional Solid Waste Disposal Project
Policy Committee" through the Interlocal Cooperation Agreement. It originally consisted of
two City of Spokane representatives and two Spokane County representatives. The name was
changed in the 1987 interlocal agreement to the"Policy Liaison Board."According to the
1987 interlocal agreement(OPR No. 88-864), the Liaison Board was created to be a"forum
for discussion among the City [of Spokane] and the County concerning the [Waste-to-Energy]
Facility and to create a body to whom information concerning the Facility can be provided."
The Liaison Board has no independent decision making authority, but makes
recommendations to the City of Spokane and Spokane County for their legislative
consideration. Individual authorities and responsibilities for operational and policy decisions
of the County and the City of Spokane are detailed in other parts of the Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement. The Liaison Board's purpose was restated in 1989, adding a fifth
non-voting member to represent the Regional Cities. In 1992, an amendment changed the
Regional City representative to a voting member. In 2003, a City of Spokane Ualley
representative was added to the Liaison Board through the City of Spokane Valley's interlocal
agreement.
The board is required to meet at least quarterly or as agreed to by the members after the
facility became operational in 1991. Currently, the board meets six times per year.
13.3.9 The Solid Waste Advisory Committee
The SWAC has been in place in Spokane County since May 1985. The SWAC played an
active role in developing the 1984, 1992, and 1998 Spokane County Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management plans. The committee is an ongoing advisory panel composed of
representatives of solid waste industry, businesses, and citizens appointed by the County
Commissioners. The chairperson of the SWAC reports to the County Commissioners to
apprise them of views and positions on various issues. The System provides support staff to
this committee and uses the committee as a sounding board on solid waste policies and
programs.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-10
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
The SWAC has been actively involved in the development of this Plan by identifying issues
of concern to SWAC members and by providing comment and input throughout the planning
process.
13.3.10 Waste Flow Control
The County is authorized by Chapter 36.58 RCW°"to designate disposal sites for all solid
waste collected in the unincorporated areas of the county. In 1985, the County established a
flow control ordinance (Ordinance No. 85-0395) as Chapter 8.56°"' of the Spokane County
Code. The original ordinance has been modified three times (Ordinance Numbers 88-1268,
92-1500, and 95-0481).
The flow control ordinance provides, in essence, that all solid waste generated and collected
in the unincorporated areas of Spokane County shall be disposed of at sites designated by the
County. In the Interlocal Cooperation Agreement, the County designated the System as its
sole disposal site at all times that the System is in operation. The agreement directs that the
County shall not, directly or indirectly, site or permit to be sited any solid waste disposal site
other than the System, and shall enforce the Flow Control Ordinance continuously.
Waste flow control in the regional cities and Fairchild Air Force Base is established through
the Regional Cities Interlocal Agreements. These agreements state that solid waste collected
within the boundaries of each city or the base will be delivered to the System for disposal.
13.3.11 Monitoring and Measurement
Currently, a number of entities are involved in monitoring and measuring solid waste
management activities in Spokane County:
• Ecology is responsible for reviewing this solid waste management plan and ensuring that
the process and content of the Plan are consistent with state laws and regulations.
Ecology also prepares annual estimates of recycled material quantities for each county in
the state, including Spokane.
• The WUTC is responsible for reviewing the cost assessment section of this Plan to ensure
it provides the information needed to determine impacts the Plan may have on rates of
certificated waste collection companies.
• The System prepares monthly and annual records of material quantities received at all
System facilities. Materials tracked include disposed waste, recyclables, household
hazardous waste, and yard waste at the WTE Facility, North County and Ualley transfer
stations, and Northside Landfill. The System also maintains records of yard waste sent
out-of-county to the regional composting facility, and ash and other solid waste sent to the
Roosevelt Regional Landfill. The System also keeps records of the number and type of
calls received on its recycling hotline. Additionally, the System publishes an annual
report.
• Private haulers maintain records of waste and recyclables collected from their residential
and commercial customers in the unincorporated areas of the County and regional cities.
• Fairchild Air Force Base maintains records of its waste collection and recycling programs.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-11
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
• The SRHD maintains a record of wastes received at solid waste handling facilities in the
county. It also monitors illegal dumping in the county.
13.3.12 Solid Waste Management System Evaluations
Three surveys were conducted as part of this Plan update. The first survey included
interviews with representatives of the County, City of Spokane, and the Regional Solid Waste
Liaison Board to obtain input on current administrative practices and recommendations for
improvement. The second survey included interviews with representatives of solid waste
management agencies across the country to obtain information on their administrative and
operational structures to compare with the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System. The third
survey included interviews with other Washington Counties regarding their Solid Waste
Advisory Committees.
13.3.12.1 Interviews with County, City of Spokane, and Liaison Board Representatives
Local interviews were conducted to identify goals for System administration and governance,
which included descriptions of a"perfect system," what works well under the current System,
what could be improved before and after interlocal agreements expire or come up for
renewal, how well the System, the Liaison Board and SWAC integrate with one another, and
any other comments related to System functions.'X Representatives chosen for interviews
included Spokane County Commissioners (Phil Harris, Mark Richard, Todd Mielke), City of
Spokane Council Members (Nancy McLaughlan, Rob Crow, and A1 French), and Cheney and
Spokane Ualley Council Members (Curt Huff and Gary Schimmels, respectively), and System
staff(Dennis Hein, Joyce Smee, Damon Taam). Richard, Mielke, McLaughlin, Crow, Huff,
and Schimmels comprise the members of the Liaison Board. Questions that were asked and a
summary of responses are provided:
1. We are examining the potential for enhancing the governance, administration, and
operational structure of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System. Imagine that you've
been tasked with developing a new organizational structure. What would your "perfect
system" look like?
• Keep the System administration as it is currently—there are cost efficiencies with
using one director for both the Regional Solid Waste System and the City of Spokane
Solid Waste Management Department. Also, there are efficient plant operations with
no debt, experienced management, infrastructure in place, and protection of the
environment.
• Hire a second director so that the System and the City's collection operations would
have separate managers/directors.
• Change the make-up of the SWAC to improve balance by including representatives
from environmental groups, interested citizens, and non-waste industry businesses.
• Form a Public Utilities District(PUD)where all participate in decisions and oversee
operations, which would allow policy makers from cities/County to be more engaged
in detailed day-to-day operations and budget management.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-12
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
• Protect the City of Spokane's financial position because the City of Spokane took on
all of the financial risks, and looked out for the welfare of others in the region, not
just City of Spokane citizens.
2. What aspects of the current solid waste management system work well?
• Functions as a regional system.
• Uses good technology and best available science with the WTE Facility.
• Has a comprehensive program that includes solid waste disposal; recycling;
household hazardous waste; construction, demolition, and landclearing materials;
inert materials; and yard waste.
• Has a combined management position that works well from an administrative
viewpoint(e.g., administration of employees is cost-effective).
• Integrates transfer stations with the WTE Facility in an efficient manner.
• Takes care of Spokane County communities'wastes and doesn't burden non-local
communities with waste disposal sites.
• Revenue stream is tied directly to the program incurring the expenses, which is the
way all programs should be managed.
3. What aspects of the current system could be improved?
Before interlocal agreements expire or come up for renewal (2011 —2016)
• Establish two director positions, one for the System and one for the City of Spokane's
Solid Waste Management Department.
• Change make-up of the SWAC so that the representation is more balanced.
• Improve working relationships between the County, Cities, and the System.
• Consider options presented by others (other than City of Spokane).
• Take steps today to plan for future options (e.g., capital-intensive projects need to be
planned for ahead of need).
• Revise System only if revenue bonds are secure.
• Look at how landfill post-closure costs for the County and City can be funded through
the System.
After interlocal agreements expire or come up for renewal (2011 —2016)
• Make System director independent of governmental jurisdiction; that is, not a City or
County employee (e.g., create a disposal district or possibly hire a person or a
company to manage the System).
• Merge the SWAC and Liaison Board, include other stakeholders and governmental
jurisdictions, and give them more authority than just being advisory.
• Allow other jurisdictions to have an equal say in the governance of the System by
purchasing proportional shares of System assets from the City.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-13
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
• Create a governing board made up of all participants that would have a say on
operational matters, capital improvements, and budgeting.
• Sell the System to a private party (may be more feasible for a government to own and
have private sector operate).
• Eliminate the Liaison Board.
• Obtain new interlocal agreements with the City of Liberty Lake and the City of
Spokane Ualley and renew other interlocal agreements.
• Lower tipping fees if feasible when revenue bonds are paid.
4. How do the System, Liaison Board, and SWAC integrate with one another?
• Confrontational and uncooperative manner—as individuals, all parties do their work
well; however, when all parties work together as a group, they operate in a
dysfunctional manner.
• System lacks understanding of the Liaison Board's needs—all (System, SWAC, and
Liaison Board) need to improve communications and relationships.
• Not inclusive of other governments in System decisions.
• There is a perception that the City may be taking advantage of other jurisdictions
while managing System operations.
5. Any additional comments about the solid waste management system, or how the System
coordinates their program with the participating governmental jurisdictions?
Operational comments:
• Provide an inert materials management program that is convenient and meshes well
with private business operations.
• Coordinate the litter control program so that roadside cleanups are distributed
between the City and areas outside of the City of Spokane in an equitable manner.
• Add compactors at the transfer stations; compacted waste could be loaded into trucks
and then transported to the WTE Facility.
• Evaluate other methods of ash disposal (i.e., shipping ash to Rabanco may not be the
cheapest method of ash disposal).
• Install a third boiler, but only if needed to take care of Spokane County's waste.
• Evaluate and consider integrating a proposed county transloader into System
operations.
• Review contract requirements with Wheelabrator.
• Evaluate and consider an ash mono-fill located in Spokane County for WTE facility
ash disposal.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-14
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
• Evaluate operating the WTE Facility without certain specific waste streams (e.g.,
construction, demolition, and landclearing materials; City of Spokane Ualley or City
of Liberty Lake wastes)to determine viability.
• Look for technology pursuits that lead to the lowest possible rates for residents, and
that are predictable for the long term (e.g., long haul would not be a predictable
option if the contract expired in 6 months).
• Look at other solid waste system operations; however, any proposal that replaced
existing operations after the bonds are retired would have to be something compelling
that must be both less costly and environmentally sensitive.
• Show accountability in regards to the System's operations.
13.3.12.2 Interviews with Other Regional Solid Waste Management Systems
Interviews were conducted with other organizations (Greater Uancouver Regional District,
BC; Los Angeles Sanitation Districts, CA; Palm Beach, FL; Pinellas County, FL; and NE
Maryland Disposal Authority, lVID) comparing their solid waste management operations or
systems' (Exhibit 13-2)with the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System. Regional system
comparisons looked at differences between:
• Jurisdictions.
• Governance.
• Day-to-day administration.
• Operations.
• Debt/financing.
• What works well
• Improvements.
All regional systems had county/city jurisdictions as participants. In one case, seven counties
and only one city participated; in most cases, 21 to 78 cities participated, with only one
county. The population of these systems ranged from 1 to 5 million, all larger than the
population served by the System (432,000).
All interviewed systems had only one governing board, compared to the System's dual
governing roles on"major decisions" by the Spokane County Board of Commissioners and
the City of Spokane Council. The boards were governed primarily in two ways: county
commissioners governing alone or a board/authority comprised of primary decision makers
from each participating jurisdiction. With few exceptions, the governing boards and decision
makers were those entities responsible for debt repayment. Governing documents varied,
from joint agreements among participants to governmental rules established by a special
district, county ordinance, or state legislation.
Day-to-day administration was always conducted by staff under the governing board.
Operations varied from government-operated only, to a board/authority operating some
functions and contracting out other functions, as with the System. In one case, operations
were conducted solely by private contractors.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-15
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Only one system was without capital debt because their debt had been recently retired. Bond
holders ranged from a specific governing jurisdiction such as a city or county to a board/
authority, to a private facility responsible for its own debt in concert with public facilities
operated by an authority which holds the debt for those specific facilities. Revenue sources
for repayment of debt included tipping fees, property assessments (not property value-based
or taxed-based), electrical revenue, recycling sales, and/or interest income.
What works well from these regional systems are that they are integrated disposal systems
with many options for solid waste handling. The systems are flexible and the participants
work well together and support each other. In some cases, a balance of public and private
facilities keeps costs low. In most cases, the tipping fee has not increased because of
recycling programs or efficiency.
Few improvements to their own solid waste systems were suggested by these regional system
managers. One system had a need to increase their system capacity to manage their
population growth rate. Another system under a County Board was considering revising their
administrative authority from the County Board to a Solid Waste Authority because an
authority may work more effectively than county government in their situation.
13.3.12.3 Comparison of County SWACs
To assist Spokane County in the evaluation of their Solid Waste Advisory Committee
(SWAC), representatives from seven Washington counties were interviewed in July 2006:
Clark, Douglas, Pierce, Snohomish, Thurston, Whatcom, and Yakima Counties.X' This report
presents the results of those interviews. Descriptions of each County SWAC are presented
according to prescribed roles and duties, membership, and level of involvement in solid
waste planning.
Membership
Local county SWACs are established by Chapter 70.95.165 (3)RCW.X" This code requires
that each committee consist of at least nine members, selected by the county legislative
authority, and represent a balance of interests, such as citizens, public interest groups,
business, the waste management industry, and local elected public officials. The specific
details of the interviewed county SWACs are shown in Exhibit 13-3.
Consistent with the code, Clark County SWAC has only nine members. Spokane County
amended their County resolution in 2006, expanding their membership to 15 members, 3
from each of the interests suggested in the RCW. Of the other counties that have more than
nine members, some of the additional positions include representatives from business, health
districts, solid waste disposal facilities, and hospitals. Pierce and Snohomish County also
have non-voting positions. Douglas County, which has 12 members, is the only SWAC that
is divided into an executive committee and technical advisory committees. For all of the
SWACs, term limits vary from 2 to 4 years, with three years being the most common.
Spokane, Pierce, and Whatcom Counties limit the number of terms members can serve.
Meetings
Most SWACs interviewed are scheduled to meet monthly, although Whatcom County SWAC
occasionally cancels meetings. Pierce County SWAC meets monthly during the Solid Waste
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-16
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Management Plan (SWMP) development process and quarterly otherwise. Snohomish
County SWAC is scheduled to meet ten times per year and generally meets eight times.
Douglas County only meets quarterly, although its technical advisory committees meet more
frequently. The Yakima County SWAC is the least consistent, having not met since the
SWMP was adopted September 2005.
Duties and Responsibilities
For most counties interviewed, SWAC bylaws or local legislation reflect the same basic
duties as described in the RCW: "To assist in the development of programs and policies
concerning solid waste handling and disposal, and to review and comment upon proposed
rules, policies, or ordinances prior to their adoption." Clark, Pierce, and Snohomish County
SWACs are also required to facilitate communication between citizens, industry, and the
County.
Clark and Douglas County SWACs have more extensive lists of duties. Some of the duties
unique to Clark County SWAC are advising the Health District on their evaluation of permits
for solid waste facilities, and advising the Board of County Commissioners on matters such
as facility development and siting. Douglas County SWAC advises on a number of non-
traditional solid waste issues, including litter, abandoned automobiles, disposal site pest
trapping and agricultural pests. Unique to Pierce County SWAC is the prescribed role of
acting as a sounding board for research and discussion of solid waste topics.
Involvement in Planning Process
In terms of the level of involvement in the solid waste planning process, the SWACs varied
considerably. All the SWACs interviewed act in advisory roles regarding solid waste policy.
While Thurston and Yakima County SWACs deal directly with budget recommendations, the
Whatcom County SWAC is precluded from dealing with budget issues. Clark, Pierce,
Snohomish, and Thurston County interviewees mentioned that those SWACs are used as
"sounding boards" for policy decisions. For both Clark County and Douglas County, SWAC
support of policy recommendations lends more weight with the county legislative authorities.
Whatcom and Thurston County interviewees reported that there is sometimes tension
surrounding the SWAC's role when they try to direct rather than just advise, or for Whatcom
County, when they try to deal with budget issues. Given that the Yakima County SWAC has
not met since their SWMP was adopted, it appears they are the least active in planning,
although the new Pierce County SWAC has not met by the time of drafting this section, so it
is difficult to predict what their level of involvement will be.
Other Boards
Two counties other than Spokane have boards in addition to the SWAC that deal with solid
waste issues. Spokane County has a Regional Solid Waste Liaison Board and a newly formed
Stakeholder Input Committee that was created specifically for the 2009 SWMP Update.
Similarly, Clark County has a Solid Waste Handling Steering Committee and Whatcom
County has an Executive Committee.
13.3.13 Financial Structure
The Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the County and the City of Spokane specifies
financing along with operations and management of the solid waste system.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-17
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Revenue bonds were issued by the City of Spokane to pay for System capital purchases,
including the WTE Facility and transfer stations. In addition, the City of Spokane issued
bonds to pay for closure of existing County and City of Spokane landfills, and purchase the
Malloy Prairie ash landfill site and the Colbert regional compost site.
13.3.13.1 FinancialObligations
The revenue bonds have administrative requirements that are directed to the City of Spokane.
The City of Spokane borrowed money and must make bond payments twice a year. The
bonds are rated AAA, achieved by the City of Spokane's mandatory collection of solid waste
and the billing collection powers, and agreements with Spokane County, the regional cities
and Fairchild Air Force Base that direct solid waste to System facilities. In the event that
there were not enough revenues generated from System tipping fees to make bond payments,
City of Spokane utility rate payers would need to pay for any shortfall.
Spokane County guarantees revenue through the County's Flow Control Ordinance backed by
the County's general fund. The Regional City Interlocal Agreements guarantee revenue by
directing the regional cities to bring their solid waste to System facilities.
To assure that bond holders are paid, the bonds have the following policy requirements for
the System to accomplish:
• Make certain that revenues will be coming in (i.e., enforce interlocal agreements and
ensure billing collection ability of City of Spokane ratepayers).
• Pay bills.
• Ensure a functioning system.
• Monitor System's operations to make sure the System is doing what it agreed to do, and
under agreed-upon conditions (burn garbage, sell electricity, etc.).
• Notify bond holders (through bond counsel) of any changes in the operations, any System
leakage (because waste leaving the County could cause tipping fees to increase),
permitting issues that could allow leakage or create any other unfavorable situation,
anticipated System revenue and expenses, deficits expected, reliability (e.g., assurance
that County is enforcing flow control ordinance), other County actions that could
influence receipt of revenues, or explain any other actions that would j eopardize the
security of revenues.
• Provide a 1-year reserve account or fund that can pay 1 year of debt service ($17.5
million)that can be used only if regular collection of revenue is not sufficient to cover
costs.
Revisions to existing interlocal agreements that affect revenue prior to 2011 would be
possible only if bond counsel (bond underwriter and bond insurance carrier) and both the City
of Spokane and Spokane County concurred with any revisions. Documentation or a proposal
for why the change is requested and how it would affect revenue and the System would be
submitted to bond counsel.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-18
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Bond counsel could say no and decide whether or not the issue should be presented to bond
holders, who have the right to vote and decide on the acceptability of the proposal. The
Counsel would provide recommendations back to the System based on the views of the
underwriter, insurance carrier, and bond holders.
13.3.13.2 Solid Waste System Funding Mechanisms
In accordance with RCW 70.95.090, this Plan includes an assessment of the financial impacts
of the recommended solid waste management alternatives over a 6-year period. The
discussion that follows provides an overview of the sources of funding that are currently
being used to pay for the recommended solid waste management program.
The System operates out of an enterprise fund. Fund 4490 has the following funding sources:
• Disposal fees.
• Electricity sales.
• Interest.
• Grants.
• Sales of recyclables.
Disposal fees are collected from residents, businesses, and haulers, including the City of
Spokane, at the WTE Facility and System transfer stations. Revenues from electricity sales
are received from Puget Sound Energy. Interest revenues are received from investments.
Grants from the Department of Ecology are used for funding waste reduction, recycling, and
household hazardous waste programs.
Revenues are also received from the sales of recyclables collected from drop-off programs at
System transfer stations. The System has restricted cash that is used to manage replacement
of its equipment and transfer fleet. A rate stabilization fund was established in 1988 to
manage the increase in tipping fees resulting from System improvements.
13.3.14 Enforcement Practices
Multiple agencies in Spokane County have the responsibility of enforcing solid waste
management regulations and programs: the City of Spokane; Spokane Regional Health
District; Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority; Spokane County; and the
Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission. A summary of the responsibilities that
each agency has for enforcing solid waste regulations and programs follows.
13.3.14.1 Spokane Regional Solid Waste System
The System is responsible for implementation of the Solid Waste Management Plan and
coordination with other enforcement agencies. The System reimburses the City of Spokane's
Code Enforcement Department for their county-wide enforcement activities pertaining to
illegal dumping and litter control functions.
13.3.14.2 City of Spokane Code Enforcement Department
The Code Enforcement Department is responsible for a range of solid waste enforcement
functions in all areas of Spokane County.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-19
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Enforcement activities cover illegal dumping, litter control, and special proj ects. The
Department currently employs individuals for county-wide cleanup activities who form
cleanup crews, with one crew devoted exclusively to illegal dumping sites.
In addition to actual cleanup activities for illegal dumping the Code Enforcement
Department has one individual processing and investigating complaints of illegal dumping in
Spokane County. Fines and cleanup orders are also issued by the Department, and "No
Dumping" signs may be posted. The Department is responsible for cleaning up illegal
dumping sites that are located in areas such as County and city road rights-of-way, vacant lots
owned by the County and cities, dead end or vacant roads, abandoned railroad rights-of-way,
and unoccupied private property where the System is reimbursed for cleanup costs.
The Code Enforcement Department also enforces litter control regulations in Spokane
County and conducts litter cleanup programs. These litter cleanup activities are conducted in
a variety of areas: County road rights-of-way, city street rights-of-way, alleys, freeway on/off
ramps, undeveloped lots near high traffic areas, and special high visibility areas such as parts
of Centennial Trail. The Department also cleans litter from streets in incorporated cities in
Spokane County. Funding for these regional clean up activities comes through interfund
transfers from the System.
13.3.14.3 City of Spokane Solid Waste Management Department
Within the City of Spokane, the Solid Waste Management Department is responsible for
enforcing compliance with its refuse collection regulations regarding residential and
commercial collection operations in the city. The Solid Waste Management Department is
also involved in other solid waste cleanup activities, including assisting in special
neighborhood and school cleanup campaigns.
The City of Spokane's Code Enforcement Department works within the City of Spokane on
solid waste and nuisance enforcement and cleanup activities. These activities include
abatement of solid waste violations on private property, removal of illegal dumps from right
of ways. Enforcement and cleanup activities within the City of Spokane are funded by user
fees from the Solid Waste Management Department.
13.3.14.4 Spokane Regional Health District (SRHD)
The Spokane Regional Health District enforces solid waste regulations in Spokane County.
SR�ID staff is responsible for making recommendations on permits for proposed facilities
such as tire, demolition, and inert waste disposal sites. Chapter 70.95.180 RCWX"' describes
the process for jurisdictional health departments to evaluate solid waste permit applications
for compliance with all existing laws and regulations and for their conformance with the
Solid Waste Management Plan and all zoning requirements. SRHD's enforcement
responsibilities extend to the following areas of solid waste management:
• Illegal dumping. SRHD receives and investigates complaints of illegal dumping and
issues cleanup orders in conjunction with the System.
• Solid Waste Facilities. SR�ID permits and makes periodic inspections of existing waste
handling facilities and is responsible for inspecting the WTE Facility and transfer
stations.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-20
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
• Landfills. SRHD inspects all landfills in Spokane County at least twice yearly for
compliance with State and SRHD regulations.
• Special Wastes. Permits are issued by SRHD for a variety of solid waste facilities,
including demolition and inert waste landfills, composting facilities, tire disposal sites,
and the City of Spokane's biosolids land spreading operation. SRHD also inspects each
of these facilities twice yearly.
13.3.14.5 Spokane Regional Clean Air Agency (Spokane Clean Air)
The Spokane Regional Clean Air Agency (previously Spokane County Air Pollution Control
Authority)is responsible for monitoring the emission of air contaminants from sources in
Spokane County. In terms of solid waste management, this agency monitors emissions from
the WTE Facility, landfills, recycling/transfer facilities, and composting sites. The agency is
responsible for the regulation of asbestos abatement activities within Spokane County.
Spokane Clean Air also permits and regulates open burning in the county, which affects the
flow of yard debris as a solid waste.
13.3.14.6 Spokane County
Spokane County Utilities administers the Flow Control Ordinance for the County by granting
or denying facility permits. Spokane County Planning Department has a code enforcement
branch with duties that include enforcement activities to monitor and control illegal dumping
on private property.
13.3.14.7 Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC)
The WUTC regulates the collection of solid waste in unincorporated areas throughout the
state and in those incorporated areas that have not established their own their solid waste
collection authority.
Certificates are issued by the WUTC allowing private collection companies to operate in a
specified area, at a fixed rate, and under certain service conditions. The WUTC's
enforcement mechanisms include fines and the revoking of a private collector's right to
collect solid waste. The WUTC also approves collection rates for collection companies in
unincorporated areas within Spokane County.
Chapter 70.95.090 RCWX'°requires the Commission to establish guidelines for assessing rate
impacts created by solid waste management plans. These guidelines, Cost Assessment
Guidelines for Local Solid Waste Mana�ement Planning,�"were originally published in
September 1990 and updated in 2001. The Commission also advises counties and cities
submitting solid waste management plans and the Department of Ecology of the probable
effect of the plan's recommendations on the solid waste rates charged by collection firms
regulated under Chapter 81.77 RCW.�"'
13.3.14.8 Washington Department of Ecology (DOE)
The Department of Ecology is responsible for making recommendations on permits for
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-21
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
proposed septage and sludge facilities. DOE also reviews and has the right to appeal permits
issued by SRHD.
13.4 Key Issues
A portion of the tipping fee received at System facilities goes toward repayment of the
revenue bonds that paid for closure of the City of Spokane's and Spokane County's landfills.
The residents of the cities of Airway Heights, Cheney, and Medical Lake, and Fairchild Air
Force Base did not use those landfills during their operation. To compensate those cities for
the costs of landfill closure in their tipping fees, the System allocates to those cities and
Fairchild Air Force Base a portion of the revenues from the landfill closure component of the
System's tipping fee based on each entity's population. After those bonds are retired, the
rebate will no longer be paid out. The tipping fee could be reassessed to include a solid waste
rebate to all regional cities, the county, and Fairchild Air Force Base that each could use for
their own solid waste program purposes.
A common topic during the SWMP Update process was the administrative structure of the
System after the retirement of System bonds in 2011, and the ending term or renewal of
interlocal agreements shortly thereafter. It is important to acknowledge that decisions
affecting the structure of the System at the end of interlocal agreement terms will be decided
by each jurisdiction's elected officials, and will not be resolved in this Plan update. The
update process provides a forum to document current conditions and key issues as
foundations for discussions among elected officials in the future.
The System will provide solid waste disposal facility services and associated programs for
jurisdictions for as long as they choose to be a part of the System (see Exhibit 13-1 for details
on interlocal agreement dates). When the Regional City Interlocal Agreements come to the
end of their terms, each city will have the option of renewing or negotiating new interlocal
agreements with the System. Spokane County and the City of Spokane will automatically be
renewed unless both agree to terminate or renegotiate the Agreement. With renewal or
negotiation of a new interlocal agreement, the System would continue to provide disposal
facility services as well as the other solid waste programs and planning services such as
moderate risk waste, waste reduction and recycling and the administrative support staff to
implement those programs and planning activities.
Each City jurisdiction also has the option to not renew their interlocal agreement with the
System and either construct their own disposal facility or transfer station, or contract with
another disposal facility or transfer station. Jurisdictions could partner with one another
through interlocal or other formal agreements for disposal facility services. From the revenue
of those operations, they would fund their own moderate risk waste, waste reduction,
recycling, and other solid waste programs and planning activities, either with their own
administrative support staff or those of another jurisdiction or private contractor.
During the 2009 Plan meetings, several regional solid waste administrative designs were
discussed. The System's design is described below followed by three designs proposed by
the SWAC and the SIC: the creation of a Solid Waste Disposal District, the creation of a
Solid Waste Disposal District with an Executive Advisory Committee, and the creation of an
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-22
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Independent Regional Authority. A fifth design describes an individual municipal solid
waste administrative structure.
The first and second versions call for the creation of a Solid Waste Disposal District. Solid
Waste Disposal Districts are authorized by Chapter 36.58.100 RCW�"" and have been
effectively implemented in both Lewis and Whatcom Counties. Both of these versions call
for a County Solid Waste Director to report to the Board of County Commissioners. In
addition, the second version includes an Executive Advisory Committee.
The SWAC/SIC designs require that the County own or contract for the services of a solid
waste disposal facility. These proposals would require not renewing the current interlocal
agreements with Spokane County and the City of Spokane. Then, in order assure revenue to
pay for the debt and operation of the new County disposal facility or contracted disposal
services, waste delivery agreements would need to be negotiated with the County.
13.5 Alternatives
1. Spokane Regional Solid Waste System
The Spokane Regional Solid Waste
System is the current regional solid Major
Spokane City Decisions Board of
waste administrative design. The counci�
Cou nty
System's administrative and - - _ _ Commis-
governance structure is maintained � ' ' - swAC sioners
within bond contracts and interlocal system �irector ._,_:..-�-•'
agreements. Revenue bonds debt is - - " ° "
scheduled to be paid off in 2011. The Regional Solid
majority of the interlocal agreements waste �iaison
come up for renewal from 2014 to Count wide Board
Y-
2016, with the exception of Spokane Program and
Ualley's and Liberty Lake's, which Facility Staff
expire in 2011.
Governing Authority
The City of Spokane has legislative and operational authority over the System except for
"major decisions" defined in the Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City and
County of Spokane.
PurposelResponsibility
Through the Interlocal Cooperation Agreement and Regional Cities Interlocal Agreements,
the System is responsible for providing all aspects of disposing of solid wastes in Spokane
County.
Description of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System
• Authority and Duties: Spokane City Council has the power to appoint the executive
director after consultation with the County; develop and implement the County
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-23
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Comprehensive Solid Waste Plan, approve annual operating budgets, and establish rates
and fees. The Interlocal Cooperation Agreement calls out certain"maj or decisions" in
which the Board of County Commissioners also has approval authority.
In addition, the System is authorized to acquire funding to construct, contract for,
maintain, and operate System disposal facilities. The System is advised by the SWAC
and the Liaison Board.
• Facilities: Owned and managed by the City of Spokane.
• Membership: One City Council President and six Council members.
• Appointed by: Elected by public.
• Terms: Four years.
• Relationship among Cities and County: The County and Regional Cities have engaged
in interlocal agreements with the County to be part of the System. Cities can apply for
representation on the County SWAC through the County.
2. Solid Waste Disposal District
This proposal was recommended by the SWAC
and calls for the Director of the Spokane Board of County _._._._ SWAC
Commissioners
Regional Solid Waste System to report to the
Spokane County Board of County
Commissioners. Since the System Director is
an employee of the City of Spokane, the Executive Director
proposal was modified to reflect an Executive
Director of a newly developed County disposal
district, similar to the existing System, who Program and
reports to the County. Faciliry Staff
Governing Authority
The Board of County Commissioners would have legislative authority over the solid waste
disposal district, as required by RCW 36.58.100.
PurposelResponsibility
The District would be responsible to provide for all aspects of disposing of solid wastes
within the disposal district in Spokane County Chapter 36.58.130 RCW.X°"'
Description of Solid Waste Disposal District
• Authority and Duties: The Board of County Commissioners would have the power to
appoint an executive director; develop and implement the County Comprehensive Solid
Waste Plan, approve annual operating budgets and capital improvements; and establish
rates and fees for Disposal District facilities. In addition, the board would be authorized
to acquire funding to contract for or construct, operate, and maintain disposal facilities.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-24
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
• Facilities: Owned and managed by the County.
• Membership: Three County Commissioners.
• Appointed by: Elected by public.
• Terms: Four years.
• Advisory Committees: The Board of County Commissioners would be advised by the
SWAC.
• Relationship among Cities and County: Cities would be required to engage in
interlocal agreements with the County to be part of the Solid Waste District, and could
apply for representation on the County SWAC or be represented through interlocal
agreements on the SWAC.
3. Solid Waste Disposal District with an Executive Advisory Committee
This proposal was also
develop by the SWAC and Executive Advisory -�-�- Board of County ._._._ SWAC
was modified to reflect the Committee Commissioners
Executive Director of a newly
developed County disposal
district to report to the Executive Director
County. This is very similar
to the current System, only
the governing authority lies Program and
solely with the County. Facility Staff
Governing Authority
The Board of County Commissioners would have legislative authority over the solid waste
disposal district, as required by RCW 36.58.100.
PurposelResponsibility
The District would be responsible to provide for all aspects of disposing of solid wastes
within the disposal district in Spokane County (RCW 36.58.130).
Description of Solid Waste Disposal District with Executive Advisory Committee
In Lewis County, the County Commissioners established an Executive Advisory Committee
to act as an advisory board to the District Governing Board (Board of County
Commissioners).
• Authority and Duties: The Board of County Commissioners would hold the power to
appoint an executive director; develop and implement County Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management Plans, approve annual operating budgets and capital improvements;
establish rates and fees; and acquire funding to construct, contract for, maintain, and
operate disposal facilities.
• Facilities: Owned and/or managed by the County.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-25
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
• Membership: Three County Commissioners.
• Appointed by: Elected by public.
• Terms: Four years.
• Advisory Committees: The Board of County Commissioners would establish an
Executive Advisory Committee consisting of elected officials appointed from each city
within the disposal district and the County, which functions in an advisory capacity to the
Board. Responsibilities include considering direct implementation of Plans, including
funding allocations; reviewing and recommending annual changes to rates of any taxes or
other fees imposed; advising the County Board on county-wide issues involving solid
waste; and reviewing and commenting on any proposed amendments to the County flow
control ordinance. SWAC would also advise the Board of County Commissioners.
• Relationship among Cities and County: Cities would be required to engage in
interlocal or other formal agreements with the County for inclusion in the solid waste
district boundaries, and could apply to the County for appointment on the Executive
Advisory Committee or be represented through their interlocal agreements. Cities could
also apply to the County for membership on the SWAC or be represented through their
interlocal agreements.
4. Independent Regional Authority
This proposal was discussed at an SIC meeting. It calls for an Executive Director to report to
an Independent Regional Authority, a management structure that does not appear to have
specific legislative authority under Title 36 of the Revised Code of Washington. As such, the
structure of the third version would require further review by legal counsel to determine
whether it is feasible under current state law and whether it could be implemented through
interlocal agreements or other local mechanisms. If permissive State authority does not
currently exist, special State legislation would have to be developed to establish such an
entity.
Governing Authority
This body would be an independent Regional Solid
governing body similar to a port district, Waste Authority � � �- SWAC
as authorized by Chapter 53.04.010
RCW,X'X or Metro in Oregon. Metro is an
elected regional government for the Executive Director
Portland area metropolitan service
district. Established by charter, this
governing body manages the region's
solid waste system. Program and
Facility Staff
PurposelResponsibility
The Independent Regional Authority would be responsible for managing all aspects of solid
waste of authority participants in Spokane County.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-26
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Description of Independent Regional Authority
• Authority and Duties: This authority would have the power to appoint an executive
director; develop and implement County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plans,
annual operating budgets, and capital improvements; and establish rates and fees.
In addition, the authority would be authorized to acquire funding to construct or contract
with, maintain, and operate disposal facilities. In this design, the authority would be
advised by the County SWAC.
• Facilities: Owned or managed by the Independent Regional Authority.
• Membership: All members would be elected official of authority participants and could
include any variation of representatives.
• Appointed by: City representatives would be appointed by mayors with approval from
the city councils. County representative would be appointed by the Board of County
Commissioners.
• Terms: Four years.
• Advisory Committees: In this design, the Regional Solid Waste Authority would be
advised by the SWAC.
• Relationship among Cities and County: Cities and the County could participate
through interlocal agreements or other formal mechanisms to secure delivery of solid
waste to Regional Authority facilities. Cities and the County could also be represented
through interlocal agreements on the SWAC.
5. City-Operated Disposal Facility
In addition to regional solid waste
administrative designs, a city may own and Municipal City Advisory
operate its own disposal facility or transfer Disposal Facility Committee
station or administer a contract for the services
of another disposal facility or transfer station.
Operations Director
Governing Authority
The governing body would be the municipality
that owns the disposal facility or administers
the contract with a disposal facility. Program and
Facility Staff
PurposelResponsibility
The municipality would be responsible for
managing all aspects of solid waste within its jurisdiction.
Description of City-Operated Disposal Facility
• Authority and Duties: The municipality would have the power to appoint an operations
director; develop and implement their municipal solid waste plan and incorporate it into
the County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plans; develop annual operating
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-27
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
budgets and capital improvements; and establish rates and fees. The municipality would
be authorized to acquire funding to construct or contract, maintain, and operate disposal
facilities. In addition, the facility could contract directly with organizations other
jurisdictions for waste disposal facility services.
• Facilities: Owned and/or contracted by the municipality.
• Membership: City Council members.
• Appointed by: Elected by public.
• Terms: Four years.
• Advisory Committees: The municipality would establish its own advisory committee.
• Relationship among Cities and County: A city with its own disposal facility could
contract with other cities or the County through interlocal agreements or other formal
mechanisms to secure delivery of solid waste to its disposal facility. Contracted
jurisdictions could apply for membership on an advisory committee or could be
represented through interlocal agreements on an advisory committee.
6. Regional Solid Waste Planning Committee
Decisions affecting the structure of the System regarding interlocal agreements will be
decided by the elected officials of each jurisdiction. Whether the management of solid waste
within Spokane County is maintained within one cohesive system, or broken up into several
systems, each system would have to own or contract for the services of a disposal facility, and
non-owner participants would be required to enter into interlocal agreements or other waste
delivery contracts for use of that system's disposal facility, similar to the interlocal
agreements currently in place with the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System.
Because of the legal and political complexities involved in understanding and designing
regional solid waste disposal systems, further study and legal expertise is essential to flesh
out advantages and challenges to these or any other designs. County and city elected officials
could form a Regional Solid Waste Planning Committee to study and discuss issues and
options regarding the future structure of solid waste management and disposal administration
within Spokane County.
7. Solid Waste Program Tipping Fee Rebate
When the revenue bonds are retired after 2011 and the landfill closure component is no
longer included in the tipping fee, the System should assess adding a solid waste program
component to the tipping fee. The solid waste program component would be rebated to the
City of Spokane, Spokane County, each regional city, and Fairchild Air Force base, based on
their population. The solid waste program rebate could be used by each entity for any solid
waste program cost, such as neighborhood cleanups or subsidizing curbside recycling
collection costs, etc.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-28
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
13.6 Recommendations
During the planning process, input on recommendations was sought from a wide variety of
participants throughout the County: SWAC, SIC, Spokane County, each municipality, and
the general public. The Plan recommends maintaining support for required regulatory and
enforcement activities. The Plan supports cooperative efforts in reducing illegal dumping
throughout the County and the abatement of solid waste nuisances on public and private
property.
The Plan supports high level collaboration and representation by all affected jurisdictions
within Spokane County regarding regional solid waste management and disposal
administrative issues, both before and after interlocal agreements expire or are renewed.
Careful evaluations of all administrative designs should be conducted in an open, transparent
atmosphere to clearly identify the benefits, responsibilities, and commitments of each option.
From a governance and administrative perspective, the Plan recommends the current system
be restructured into a system that is governed by a board comprised of inembership that is
proportionally representative of the overall region. Other regional governance boards already
exist and so this would be consistent with other programs managed on a regional basis.
Examples of existing boards are the Regional Public Health Board,Airport Board, Spokane
Regional Clean Air Agency Board, and the Spokane Transit Authority Board. Suggested
representation would be three elected officials from the City of Spokane, two elected officials
from the City of Spokane Valley, two elected officials from the Association of Small Cities,
and two elected Spokane County Commissioners.
Among options for administrative design, the Liaison Board could be eliminated or
considered as the basis for establishment of a regional governing board with real authority for
establishing policy and making final decisions in regard to system management and
budgetary issues that are regional in nature.
The SWAC recommends that the Solid Waste Advisory Committee, under any revised system
of governance, continue to serve in its role as an advisory body to the new board of authority.
Their input could be of greater weight than the current reporting structure in which they
report to the Board of County Commissioners. Additionally, that body could consider the
creation of two sub-committees to help in the formulation of advice regarding 1)policy
matters, and 2)technical matters.
SWAC further strongly supports that practical matters along with potential legislative actions
to authorize the above recommended system dictate that the transition to a regional
governance structure be planned for implementation to coincide with either expiration of
existing interlocal agreements or at such time as the existing agreements can be renegotiated.
The Solid Waste Advisory Committee, however, recommends that a new governance system
be implemented in the most expeditious manner reasonably achievable, but not later than
2011.
Because of the legal and political complexities involved in understanding and designing
regional solid waste disposal systems, the Plan recommends further study and legal expertise
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-29
SECTION�3 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
to flesh out advantages and challenges to any proposed designs. The Liaison Board could
facilitate the formation of a Regional Solid Waste Planning Subcommittee to study and
discuss issues and options regarding the future structure of solid waste management and
disposal administration within Spokane County, as described in Alternative 6.
6. Regional Solid Waste Planning Subcommittee
The Liaison Board should establish a Regional Solid Waste Planning Subcommittee within
90-days of final Plan approval, comprised of County and municipal jurisdictions, Fairchild
Air Force Base, and where appropriate, agencies and stakeholders, to discuss and further
research options for future regional solid waste management administrative structures,
including but not limited to:
• Liaison Board assumes administration of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System.
• Transfer of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System administration to the Board of
County Commissioners.
• Transfer of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System administration to a Regional
Board made up of county-wide stakeholders.
• Spokane Regional Solid Waste System.
• Solid Waste Disposal District.
• Solid Waste Disposal District with an Executive Advisory Committee.
• Independent Regional Authority.
• Municipal-Operated Disposal Facility(ies).
• Metropolitan Municipal Corporation
7. Assess a solid waste program tipping fee rebate.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 13-30
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SECTION 14
Implementation
14.1 Introduction
The purpose of this chapter is to outline the actions and budget necessary to implement the
recommendations contained in this plan.
14.2 Projected Needs and Financing for Solid Waste Handling
The RCW Section 70.95.101(3)(c) and Section 70.95.090(2)requires the solid waste management
plan to contain a 6-year construction and capital acquisition program for public solid waste
handling facilities, and a 20 year solid waste handling facilities needs assessment. These analyses
are to address development and construction or purchase of publicly financed solid waste
management facilities. The legislation further requires plans to contain a means for financing
both capital costs and operations expenditures of the proposed solid waste management system.
Any recommendation for the development, construction, and/or purchase of public solid waste
management and recycling facilities or equipment should be included in this discussion.
Financing operation expenditures should also be added to this section of the plan.
Capital and operating expenses to implement the Plan recommendations over the next 20 years
are summarized in Exhibit 14-1. Actual budgets to carry out the recommendations will vary from
year to year as specific programs are defined, and will depend upon availability of grant funding
and budget approved by local governments.
14.3 Implementation Schedule
The implementation of the recommendations contained in this Plan will begin upon approval of
the Plan by the jurisdictions and Ecology. The schedule for implementation is included as Exhibit
14-1. The schedule may be revised as the Plan is updated, and as the objectives and needs of the
County and jurisdictions change. As indicated, for some recommendations, the programs have
been or will be implemented within a few months, for other recommendations implementation
will span many years.
ADOPTED SEPTEmBER 2009 14-1
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' fi. ,
AMENDED AND RESTATED
INTERLOCAL COOPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE CITY OF SPOKANE AND SPOKANE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
�ECITALS_ .
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington (the "City") , and Spokane County, a class A county
duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the
State of Washington (the "County") , have the power to control the
management, handling and disposal of solid waste ("solid waste
management") within the City and unincorporated area of the County
(the "region") , respectively; and
WHEREAS, the Spokane region is faced with serious solid waste
management and disposal problems, including pollution of drinking
water sources from publicly owned landfills, which require prompt
action; and
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management Plan
for the region ("Plan") after proper environmental, interagency and
public review in 1984, which Plan was approved by the Washington
State Department of Ecology ("Ecolagy") in 1986 in accordance with
state law; and ��
WHEREAS, the Plan and other environlnental, hazardous and solid - •
waste management studies have identified contamination to the
Spokane-Rathdrum Aquifer (the "Aquifer") , a designated sole source
aquifer and drinking water source for the region, as a result of
certain factors including landfills, some of which are now
federally-designated Superfund sites; and
WHEREAS, the City and County are vitally concerned about
pollution of the Aquifer from landfills and about prompt imple-
mentation of a balanced solid waste management program for the
region; and
6JHEREAS, consistent with and in order to implement the Plan
promptly, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Disposal Project ("Project") in 1984 to develop necessary
waste reduction and recYcling, waste-to-energy and landfill
facilities ; and
WHEREAS, in light of existing �hreats to the Aquifer and the
need for prompt action, the Plan placed a high priority on planning
and implementing a regional mass burn resource recovery steam and
electric generating facility (the "Facility") , which will reduce
reliance on landfilling and ir+corporate recycling facilities into
—1—
� �j
� - r �
the Facility and into recycling/transfer stations associated with
the collection of solid waste; and
WHEREAS, the Project was directed by a Regional Solid Waste
Disposal Project Policy Committee composed of City and County
officials, Ecology, and the public; and
WHEREAS, the Project engaged expert consultants to undertake
early planning and feasibility studies on the types of technolo-
� gies, pollution control mea.sures, siting, and related matters; and
WHEREAS, the City was designated as lead agency under the
State Er.vironmental Policy Act (SEPA) and duly conducted environ-
mental review under SEPA commencing with a scoping process in
August 1985 to identify the range of alternatives and environmen-
tal impacts to be evaluated, which resulted in Draft Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS) on the Facility being issued on March 21,
1986; and .
WHEREAS, after a public hearing and puk�lic and interagency
comment pracess, a Supplemental Draft EIS was issued on April 30, �
1986 for a 30-day public comment period, a Final EIS was issued on
July 14 , 1986, and an Addendum to the Final EIS was issued on April
. 6, 1987, thereby completing an adequate environmental review
process under SEPA on the Facility; and
WHEREAS, the EIS states that additional environmental review
will be required in conjunction with a new landfill, whether as a
regional landfill or as a residue landfill; and ;•
WHEREAS, no administrative appeals of the SEPA documents were
filed as provided by local code under the statewide SEPA rules; and
WHEREAS, the City and the County jointly conducted a process
for inviting, evaluating, and selecting a contractor ("Vendor") to
design, construct, and operate the Facility in accordance with
state and local law, including the establishment of a Vendor
Selection Committee; and
WAEREAS, the City and the County approved a Request for
Qualifications (RFQ) in May 1986 which was subsequently amended;
and
WHEREAS, the City and the County approved evaluation criteria
for vendor selection in September 1986 ; and
WHEREAS, the City and the County approved a Request for
Proposals (RFP) in December 1986 which was subsequently amended,
and have also reviewed and evaluated the proposals received in
response to the RFP; and.
WHEFcEAS, �he City and the County determined in May 1987 that
Signal Environmental Systems, Inc. �now Wh�elabrator Technoloyies,
--2-
Inc. ) was "the best qualified" to design, construct, and operate
the Facility; and
WHEREAS, on November 3 , 1987 , the City and Wheelabrator
Spokane Znc. (the "Company") entered into a Design and Construction
Contract and an Operation and Maintenance Contr�ct relating to the
Facility; and
WHEREAS, on January 4, 1988, the City and Puget Sound Power
Light Company ("Pug�et") �entered into� an- Agreement for Firm
Power Purchase (Thermal Project) providing for the purchase by
Puget of energy produced--by the Facility; and
WHEREAS, the City applied for and received a grant of
approximately sixty million dollars ($60, 000, 000) for the Facility
from the Washington State Department of Ecoloay, which grant
� contract was executed in November 1986; and
� WHEREAS, the City and the County are currently in th� process
of completing related � €ir�a�c�ng• and oontraetua� a�rangements �aith
each other and other public and private entities for the implemen-
tation of the Facility; and
WHEREAS, at a meeting expected to be held in October 1988,
the City proposes to adopt a bond ordinance (the "Bond Ordinance")
which would authorize the issuance of a series of bonds (the
"Series 1988 Bonds") , secured by and payable from the revenues of
the City's solid waste management system, to finance, among other
�.hings, a portion of the cost of acquisition and construction by i'•
the City of certain improvements and additiAns to its solid waste
management system COflS16�3I]GJ� �af� th�-•Facil�ty, -txansfer_.stations j .
recycling centers and a residue and bypass landfill (the "1988
Imgrovements and Additions") ; and
WHEREAS, through its solid waste management system, the City
currently provides collection and disposal services for solid waste
generated within the boundaries of the City; and
WHEREAS, solid �maste°generated ta the unin�orporated area cf
the County and in the other towns and cities in the County and
Fai�child Air Force Base ("Fairchild") is currently being disposed
af at various disposal sites, including the CountY 's Mica landfill
and the privately-owned Marshall landfill located in the County;
and
WHEREAS , the Cityr�b.s. G.nu�tyr th� .�t-h.er t�wns and cities in
the County, and Fairchild are authorized by Chapter 39 . 34 and
Chapter 70.95 of the Revised Code of Washingt�n to enter into
agreements with each other for cooperatiue action, such as
planning, owning, financing, �nd managing nf regional solid waste
management facilities; an�
WHEREAS , the City and the County have duly entered into
iraterlocal coaperation agreements for cooperative and coordinated
-3-
solid waste management planning for the region, including phases
I and II of the Spokane Regional Solid Waste Disposal Project on
January 29 , 1985 and on September 9 , 1986, respectively, and the
recitals therein are incorporated by reference herein; and
WHEREAS, on November 3 , 1987 the City and the County entered
into an interlocal agreement (the "1987 Interlocal Agreement")
which, among other things, allocated responsibility for the ongoing
management and operation of the Facility; and
WHEREAS, on July 18, 1988, pursuant to the recommendation of
Seattle-Northwest Securities Corporation, financial advisor to the
City and the County, the City and the CountY entered into an
interlocal agreement (the "Rate Stabilization Fee Agreement")
relating to, among other things, the increases previously imposed
by t�e City and the County in the tipping fees charged by them for
. disposal of solid waste at their respective disposal sites in order
to provide a fund to be used for the stabilization of tipping fees
in the early years of the operation of the Facility; and
WHEREAS, the City and the County desire to enter into this
Agreement in order to combine the 1987 Interlocal Agreement and
the Rate Stabilization Fee Agreement into one agreement and to
provide, among other things, (a) that, commencing as of October
l0, 1988, the County will cease providing solid waste disposal
services for solid waste generated in the unincorporated area of
the County and collecting the Tipping Fees paid for such disposal
and the City will provide such solid waste disposal services and
collect such Tipping Fees; (b) that, concurrently with the execu- �•
tion hereof, the County will take the appropriate action, pursu-
ant to its Ordinance No. 85-0395 adopted May 14 1985 (as amended
from time to time, the "Flow Control Ordinance") , to direct that
solid waste generated in its unincorporated area be disposed of
through the City's solid waste management system (except as pro-
vided in the Flow Control Ordinance) ; (c) that the City shall have
the right to dispose of solid waste delivered to the System at the
County's Mica landfill and to collect all Tipping Fees related
thereto; and (d) that the Mica landfzll shall be operated and
: maintained by the County and that the County shall be paid a:,
operating fee therefor by the City from the revenues of its solid
waste management system; and
WHER�AS , the City and the County have entered into or are
currently negotiating separate interlocal agreements ("Regional
City Interlocal Agreements") with other towns and cities in the
County and with Fairchild under which, among other things, such a
town. or a city or Fairchild would agree to direct that solid waste
generated within its boundaries be disposed of through the City' s
solid waste management system (any such town or city that has
entered intoF or herea.fter enters into, a Regional City Interlocal
AgreemEnt being herein called a "Regional. City") ; and
F?HEREAS , i.n order to reflect the use of its solid waste
management system for the disposal of solid waste generated in
_q_
the City, the unincorporated area of the County, the Regional
Cities and Fairchild, such system shall, from and after the
effectiveness of this Agreement, be named the "Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Management System" (such system, as further defined
. herein, being referred to herein as the "System") ; and
WHEREAS, additional actions to implement the Plan and the
Project and to prepare a Plan update in accordance with Ecology s
1986 Plan approval, including residual and future landfills and
additional recycling programs and facilities, are being planned
and will be planned in the future, and such actions will occur in
phases and will receive timely and appropriate environmental
review; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vendor selection
process, and after due consideration of the environmental, social,
technical economic and other relevant factors, including public and
governmental comment, and observance of applicable federal, state,
and local procedures, the City Council and the Board of Caunty
Commissioners find the 1988 Improvements and Additions are in the
best interests of and will best serve the citizens of the region
and needs to be implemented at this time; and
WFiEREAS, the aforemen�ioned recitals are found to be true and
correct findings of fact; and
WHEREAS, the �ity and County hereby find and determine that
this Aqreement is mutually fair and advantageous to the City and ��
County;
NOW, THEREFORE, between the parties hereto, the City and
County,
OPERATIVE PROVISIONS
IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
Section 1. 1. Purpose. As used in this Agreement, the fol-
lowing words, unless the context otherwise dictates, shall have
the following meanings:
A. Additional Bonds shall mean any bonds, other than the
Series 1988 Bonds, which the City may hereafter issue pursuant to
Article X of the Bond Ordinance having a lien upon the Revenues
for the payment of the principal thereof and interest thereon equal
to the lien upon the Revenues created by the Bond Ordinance in
favor of the Series 1988 Bonds.
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B. �qreement shall mean this Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
between the City and the County for the ownership, financing and
management of the System.
C. AQreement for Firm Power Purchase shall mean the Agree-
ment for Firm Power Purchase (Thermal Project) , between Puget Sound
Power & Light Company ("Puget") , a Washington corporation, and the
City, providing for the purchase of firm power by Puget.
D. Annual Budget shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal
Year, as adopted or a�mended by the City in accordance with Section
8 . 1? of the Bond Ordinance.
E. Bond Ordinance shall mean an ordinance of the City of
Spokane authorizing the issuance, sale and delivery of the Series
1988 Bonds, as the same may be supplemented or amended.
F. Capital Project shall mean an addition to, change or
� modification in or alteration of the Facility, as provided in
Article XI of the Construction Contract or in Article IX .of the
Service Contract.
G. Citv shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first
class charter city of the State of Washington.
H. Citv Collection Costs sha1Z mean (a) the City Preexisting
Landfill Costs and (b) all other Costs of the System, Costs of
Maintenance and Operation and other costs relating to the System
that are allocable to the collection of Solid Waste generated in �•
the City including, without limitation, debt service on any
Additional Bonds allocable to costs .of the City incurred in
connection with the collection of such Solid Waste.
I. C� y Pre existinct Landfill Costs shall mean Preexisting
Landfill Costs relating to Pre-existing Landfills owned by the
City.
J. City Collection Revenues shall mean all revenues of the
City- attributable to the collection of Solid Waste in the Cit�r
together with the portion of the landfill closure component
allocated to the City pursuant to Section 2.4 hereof.
K. Cleanu� shall mean any "removal" or "remedial action, "
defined as follows:
Removal shall mean the cl.eanup or removal of released
hazardous substances from the environment; such actions as may
be necessary to take in the event of the threat of release of
hazardous substances into the environment; such actions as may
be necessary to monitor, assess, and evaluate the release or
. threat of release of hazardous substances; the disposal of
removed material; or the taking of such other actions as may
be necessary to prevent, minimize, or mitigate damage to
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the public health or welfare or to the environment. which may
otherwise result from a release or threat of release of
hazardous substances.
Remedial action shall mean those actions consistent with
permanent remedy taken instead of or in addition to removal
actions in the event of a release or threatened release of a
hazardous substance into the environment, to prevent or
minimize the release of hazardous substances so that they do
not cause substantial danger to present or future public
health or welfare or the environment.
L. Closure shall mean those actions taken by the City or the
County to cease disposal activities at Solid Waste disposal
facilities, to ensure that all such Solid Waste disposal fa�ilities
are closed in conformance with applicable state and federal
regulations in effect at the time of such cZosures, to prepare the
site for the Postclosure period, and any other cleanup activities
incident theretoe
� M. Companv shall mean Wheelabrator Spokane Inc. , a corpo-
ration formed under the laws of the State of Delaware.
, N. Construction Contract shall mean the Design and Con-
struction Contract dated November 3 , 1987, between the City and
the Company, or its successor (as designated and approved by the
City and the County) , as the same may be amended, modified, or
supplemented from time to time in accordance with its termsa
0. Costs o� Maintenance and Operation shall mean the City's ,
expenses for ogeration, maintenance, repairs and ordinary renewa2s
and replacements necessary for the operation of the System and
shall include, without limitation, all compensation (including
service fees) payable to the Company under the Service Contract,
pass-through costs under the Service Contract, administrative
expenses, costs appertaining to the transmission of electricity,
insurance premiums, legal and engineering expenses, consulting and
technical expenses, payments to pension, retirement, health and
hospitalization funds, annual charges payable by the City pursuant
to any licenses, permits, orders or other authorizations from any
agency or regulatory body having lawful jurisdiction, any taxes
(eacluding discretionary taxes imposed on the System by the City) ,
governmental charges, penalties paid by the City to the Company,
and other expenses required ta be paid by the City to the extent
properly and directly attributable to the operation of the System,
costs of transfers or exchanges of the Series 1988 Bonds, all costs
incurred by the City pursuant to System Documents, and financing
cos�s of any series of Additional Bonds if such costs are not paid
or provided for from the proceeds derived from the sale of such
Additional Bonds. Costs of Maintenance and Operation shall not
include debt service payments or any provision for depreciati�;,,
amortization or similar charges, or any costs or exp�r.ses for new
construction or reconstruction other than the casts of restor�.ng
any part of the System to be paid from Revenues or any deposits
-7-
into the City Solid Waste Reserve Fund or the System Landfill Fund.
Costs of Maintenance and Operation shall also include all necessarY
and incidental costs related to the implementation and operation
of any waste reduction/recycling program and litter contro� program
established as a par�� of the System. Specifically excluded from
the Costs of Maintenance and Operation are payments to the County
of an amount, not to exceed $20, 000, 000, for the paYinent of County
Pre-existing Landfill Costs pursuant to this Agreement and amounts
paid to the Regional Cities pursuant to Section 2 .4 hereof.
P. Costs of the Svstem shall mean, with respect to any part
of the System, the City s costs, ex}?enses and liabilities paid or
incurred or to be paid or incurred in connection with the planning,
engineering, designing, acquiring, constructing, installing,
operating, maintaining, financing or disposing of such part of the
System and the obtaining of all governmental approvals, certifi-
cates, pe.rraits and licenses with respect thereto, including,
without limitation, the costs relating to the Facility as set forth
in Section 4 . 1 of the Construction Contract, any eminent domain or
condemnation expenses incurred in connection with the condemnation
or acquisition of landfills by the City, all costs incurred by the
City pursuant to System Documents, including without limitation an
amount, not to exceed $20,000,000, for the payment of County Pre-
existing Landfill Costs pursuant to this Agreement and amounts paid
to the Regional Cities pursuant to Section 2.4 hereof, and debt
service on any evidence of indebtedness of the City issued to
finance any of the foregoing.
Q. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington, a class A �•
county of the State of Washington.
R. Countv Pre-existincL, Landf�ll Costs shall mean Preexisting
Landfill Costs relating ta Pre-existing Landfills owned by the
County.
S. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery steam
and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuant to the
Construction Contract; such facility is the "Facility" as such term
is defined in the Construction Contract.
T. Fairchild �hall mean Fairchi].d Air Force Base, a United
States Air Force installation located in Spokane County, Washing-
ton, which has executed a Regional City Interlocal Agreement.
U. Flow Control Ordinance shall mean Ordinance No. 85-0395
of the County, adoptec� on May 14 , 1985, as may be amended from time
to time.
V. Guarantor shall mean Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc. , a
corporation formed under the laws of the State of Delaware, as
Guarantor of the perfarmance by the Company of its obligations
under th.e Cnnstruction Contract and the Service Contract, and its
successors and assigns.
_�^
W. i�azUrdous Waste shall mean waste which, by reason of its
composition or characteristics is a toxic substance or hazardous
waste as defined in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42
USC § 6901 et seq. , as amended, and regulations implementing same
or in the Toxic Substances Control. Act, 15 USC§ 2601, et seq. , as
amended, and regulations implementing same, or the definitions
promulgated by the State of Washington for Dangerous Waste and
Extremely Hazardous Waste, as revised from time to time.
� X. Landfill Costs shall mean the cost of Closure, Postclasure
and Cleanup of landfills but excluding costs of operating and
maintaining landfills; for purposes of this Agreement, all Landfill
Costs shall be either Pre-existing Landfill Costs or Regional
Landfill Costs as provided in the definitions of such terms.
Y. Postclosure shall mean the requirements placed upon
disposa� facilities after closure to ensure their environmental
safety for at least a twenty-year period or until the site becomes
stabilized (i.e. , little or no .settlement, gas production, or
leachate generation} , or for any additional period required by
state or federal regulations at the time �f postclosure.
Z. Pre-existing Landfill Costs shall mean Landfi.11 Costs
relating to Pre-existing Landfills incurred after January 1, 1984,
including debt service on Series 1988 Bonds and Additional Bonds
allocable to Pre-existing Landfill Costs. The term also shall
include all costs incurred by either the City or County in
defending, paying, or settling lawsuits, claims or judgments as
�he result o� operating of any Pre-existing Landfills, as well as �'
any costs incurred bY the City or County in the design �nd/or
' construction of domestic water systems requir�d as a result of the
operation of anY Pre-existing Landfills and which costs are nat
recoverable under any insurance policy or grant. In the case of
any Pre-existing Landfill that is hereafter designated as a
Regional Landfill, Landfill Costs relating to such landfill
incurred after such designation shall be considered Pre-existing
Landfill Costs only to the extent that such Landfill Costs are
allocable to Solid Waste disposed of at such landfill prior to such
designation.
AA. Pre-existinQ Landfills shall mean existing City or County
owned Solid Waste disposal sites, (a) that have been closed or (b)
that are opErating a�d are used, in the case of such disposal sites
owned by the City, �rimarily for Solid Waste generatEd in the City
and, in t.he case of such disposal sites owned by the County,
primarily for S�lid Waste generated in any unincorporated area of
the County. Any such landfill or portion thereof that has been
desi�nated as a Regional Landfill shall not be a Pre-existing
Landfill .
BB. Rate Covenant shall mean the r_ovenant to be contained in
the Bond Ordinance unaer which the City will agree to fix. maintain
and collect collection fees, tipping fees and other simila� charqes
-9-
so to provide for the payment of specified costs and expenses
relating to the System.
CC. Rate Stabilization Component shall mean that portion of
the Tipping Fees collected by the System that have been and will
be set aside for rate stabilization purposes pursuant to Article
. III hereof.
DDe Recvclable Materials shall mean those materials, other
than �Recoverad Materials, which are separated from Solid Waste,
either at the source of such Solid Waste or mechanically at any
transfer station, recycling facilities or other location, as the
case may be, and which are capable of being returned to the
economic mainstream by the System. Recyclable Materials may
include, but shall not be limited to, bottles, aluminum cans,
newspapers, cardboard, paper materials, or other specific com-
mercially marketable ite�s, where and only where such materials
have been specially sorted prior to collection, apart from the
common municipal salid waste stream for commercial manufacture or
recycling. -
EE. Reqional Cities shall mean at any time any city or town
within Spokane County which has executed a Regional City Interlocal
Agreement.
FF. ReQional City Interlocal AQreements shall have the
meaning given to such term in the recitals hereof.
GG. ReQional Landfill shall mean any one or more landfills ;•
or portions thereof (including any Pre-existing Landfill) here-
after designated by the City, by written notice to the County, as
a Regional Landfill, such designation to signify the intention of
the City to use such landfill as a disposal site for demolition
Solid Waste, bypass Solid Waste, nonprocessible Solid Waste or
other category of Solid Waste, irrespectiv� of whether any such
Solid Waste is generated in the City, the unincorporated area of
the County, the Regional Cities or Fairchild. If a Regional
Landfill is sited in the unincorporated area of the County, the
County must concur in the designation of such landfill as a
� Regional �,andfill.
HH. Req,ional Landfill Costs shall mean the cost of Closure,
Postclosure and Cleanup of Regional Landfills. The term also shall
include a11 costs incurred by the City in defending, paying or
settling lawsuits, claims or judgments as the result of operating
of any Regional Landfill as well as any costs incurred by the City
in the design and/or construction of domestic water systems
required as a result of the operation of any �egional Landfill.
In the case of any Regional Landfill that was previously a Pre-
existing Landfill, Landfill Costs relating to such landfill
incurred after it was designated as a Regional Landfill shall be
considered Regional Landfill Costs only to the extent such Landfill
Costs are allocable to Solid Waste disposed of at such landfill
prior to such designatian.
-10-
II. Revenues shall mean all revenues, Tipping Fees, interest
income on all Funds and Accounts created by the Bond Ordinance to
the extent not paid into or retained in the Construction Fund,
energy sale receipts of the System, and charges, rents and other
income and receipts (other than any Rebate Account determined und`r
the Bond Ordinance) derived from the System including, without
limitation, (i) collection revenues and all Tipping Fees or
comparable charges collected by the City with respect to the
• System, (ii) any payment of performance liquidated damages or delay
liquidated damages under the Construction Contract and the Service
Contract, (iii) all amounts due the City under the System Energy
Contracts, (iv) all insurance and condemnation proceeds, which
shall be deposited into the Ftenewal and Replacement Account under
the Bond Ordinance (except business interruption insurance
proceeds, which shall be deposited into the Revenue Account under
the Bond Ordinance) , (v) all money due the City under any recovered
materials or recyclable materials sales agreements or otherwise
with respect to the sale of recovered materials or recyclable
� materials, (vi) any amount payable by any surety under any
performance bond, and (vii) any payments due the City under this
Agreement, the Regional City Interlocal Agreements, the Construc-
tion Contract, the Service Contract, or other documents relating
to the System except payments thereunder required to be deposited
in the Construction Fund, the Renewal and Replacement Account or
the Redemption Account, pursuant to the Bond Ordinance.
JJ. Scale Svstem shall mean the scales, scale house, compu-
ter hardware and software and associated equipment necessary to ��
operate an automated ticketing system.
KK. Series 1988 Bonds shall mean the "City of Spokane
Regional Solid Waste Management System Revenue Bonds, Series 1988"
to be authorized by the Bond Ordinance, which are to be issued to
finance, among other things, a portion of the cost of the 1988
Improvements and Additions and which are payable from the Revenu�s
of the System.
LL. Service Contract shall mean the Operation and Maintex�.ance
Contract dated November 3 , 1987 , between the City and the Company,
or i�s successor (as designated and approved by the Cit� and the
County) as the same may be amended, modified or supplemented from
' time to time in accordance wit;� its terms.
MM. Site Preparation shall mean engineering and design, and
construction and irstallation of roads, foundations, earthwork,
utilities, (electric, telephone, sewer, water) and concrete slabs
necessary for the Scale System.
NN. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean
all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or in
liquid form, except liquid-carried industrial wastes and sewage,
and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes, swill,
demolition and const.ruction wastes, abandoned vehicles or parts
-11-
thereof, discarded home and industria� appliances, manure, digested
sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid wastes, dea�
animals, and other discarded solid and semi-solid materials. Solid
Waste does not include Recyclable Materials or Hazardous Waste.
All materials deposited in cans or containers for collection (other
than Recyclable Materials or Hazardous Waste) shall be deemed Solid
Waste.
00. Svstem shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System comprised of all property, real or
personal, tangible or intangible, that is now owned or hereafter
. acquired by the City and is used or useful by the City (il in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste gener-
ated within the City' s boundaries and (ii} in connection with the
disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected elsewhere and
delivered to the System for disposal. As o� the date hereof, the
System incZudes, without limitation, (a) the City' s Northside
landfill, (b) the right of the City to dispose of Solid Waste at
, the County's Mica Landfill pursuant to the County Interlocal
Agreement, and (c} the City' s refuse collection syste� and all
facilities and equipment appurtenant thereto, together with all
� equipment, rolYing stock facilities, properties, whether real or
personal, and vehicles necessary or incident thereto.
� PP. Tipping Fees shall mean the amounts charged per Ton of
Solid Waste for disposal of Solid Waste by the System, which
Tipping Fees shall be determined in accordance with Sections 2. 3
and 2.4 hereof. •
e
QQ, i 88 Improvements a d Additions shall m�an (a) the
Facility, (b) recycling centers located at the transfer statior_�
and the Facility, (c) two transfer stations, and (d) the Regional
Landfill, including all properties, real or personal, incident
thereto.
Section 1.2 . Terms Not Defi�ed in this Ac�reement Unless
the context otherwise requires, capitalized t�rms used herein (but
not defined herein) which are defined in the Bond Ordinance, the
Construction Contract, the Service Cor►tract, or the Agreement fc�
Firm Power Purchase shall have the same meanings assigned to them
in said documents. If a discrepancy should exist between the
definitian in any one or more of said documents, the definition in
the Bond Ordinance shall be used.
ARTICLE II
COOPERATIVE PROJECT
Section 2 . 1. Purpose of this Ar�icle. The purpose of this
Article is to set forth certain agreements betweer the Cit� and
the County relating to the use of th� System for the collect� on,
management, handling and disposal of Solid Waste within the City
and unincorp�rated areas of the County. including ttie establish-
ment of Tipping Fees, establishment of a landfill closure component
--1?.-
of the Tipping Fees, enforcement of the Flow Control Ordinaizc� and
other matters.
Section 2 . 2 . Ownershi� o� SYStem. The System shall be owned
and managed by the City.
Section 2 . 3 . Financina. The City shall finance the portion
of the cost of the 1988 Improvements and Additions not paid from
_ grant proceeds, interest earnPd on investments of prior borrowings
or other legally available funds by issuing Series 1988 Bonds and
Additional Bonds payable solely from the Revenues of the System
_ and, to provide funds to make such payments, shall agree in the
Bond Ordinance to establish collection fees and Tipping Fees tha�
are adequate in amount to comply with the Rate Covenant and
otherwise fulfill the requirements of the Bond Ordinance and this
Agreement.
Section 2 . 4. Tip�inq Fees • Pre�existina Landfill Closure,
Postclosure and Cleanup.
� (a) In establishing its collection fees and Tipping Fees to
comply with the Rate Covenant, the City (i) shall exclude from the
costs to be recovered through the Tipping Fees all City Collection
Costs, including City Pre-existing Landfill Costs, and shall assume
that all City Collection Revenues shall be available solely to pay
City Collection Costs; (ii) shall include in the c�sts to be so
� recovered all Regional Landfill Costs; and (iii) shall include in
the costs to be so recovered, but only through the landfill closure
component, the County Pre-existing Landfill Costs. j �
(b) A necessary element of achieving a regional solution ..to
the regional problem of Solid Waste disposal is funding the cost
oF Clasure, Postclosure, and Cleanup of Pre-exis ting L a n d f i l l s.
Pursuant to Article IV hereof, the County will authorize the City,
commencing as of October 10, 1988, to provide all Solid Waste
disposal services previously provided by the County and collect all
Tipping Fees therefor. In recognition of the foregoing, the City
has included and shall cantinue to include in the T�.pping Fees it
establishes for the System, commencing March l, 1988, a "landfi2�
closure component" the revenues from whic2z for the period conunenc-
ing October 10, 1988, will be allocated between the City and the
County as provided herein. with the CountY s portion to be used by
the County to pay County Pre-existing Landfill Costs.
(c) The parties agr.ee that the County's portion of the revenue
from the landfill closure component may be used either (i) by the
County for he purpose o� paying County Pre-existing Landfill Costs
� directly or (ii) by the City for the purpose of paying debt service
on Series 1988 Bonds or Additional Bonds issued to finance such
County Pre-existing 'Landfill Costs.
(d) To provide this primary source o� revenue to the Co�xnty,
while assuring equitable trpatment c�f City and Count� residents,
the revenues co1l.e.cted by the System from the landfill closure
-13--
component of the System' s Tipping Fees will be allocated between
the City and County in the same proportion based upon weight that
the non-City Solid Waste generated in the County and delivered to
the System bears to the Solid Waste generated in the City and
delivered to the System.
The landfill closure component shall be established for any
period at a level such that the resulting revenues generated by
. the landfill closure component and allocated to the County (after
deducting anY amounts allocated to the Regional Cities and
Fairchild) are at least equal to the County's Pre-existing Landfill
Costs to be paid or amortized from such revenues during the period.
If any of the Regional Cities that enter into a Regional City
Interlocal Agreement are determined to have liability under Chapter
70.95B RCW or the Comprehensive Environ�mental Response, Compensa-
tion, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in connection with any landfill ,
the System shall allocate to each such Regional City a portion of
the revenues from the lanc�fill closure component of the System' s
Tipping Fees. Such allocation of revenues shall be in the same
proportioz� that eacY�i such entity' s Solid Waste generated and
delivered to the System bears to the total non-City Solid Waste
generated in the County and del ivered to the System each year. The
portion of non-City Solid Waste generated and delivered to the
System by each Regional City shall be determined by the poFulation
of each such entity compared to the total non-City population of
the County or by such other mechanism as may be mut�ally agreed
upon by the City, the County and such Regional Cities.
Amounts, if any, allocated to a Regi�onal City are to be used ,
to pay all or a portion of such entity's landfill liabiZity and,
accordingly, the aggregate a�ount so allocated shall not exceed
the amount of such liability, nor shall it exceed the amount of
the landfill closure component paid by such Regional City.
(e) The landfill closure component will be increased or de-
creased periodically at the request of the County or as deemed
necessary by the City to generate the amount of funds required by
the County or Regional Cities for Pre-existing Landfill Costs.
(f) Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure
• component of the Tipping Fee will be made montrxly to re�lect the
actual proportions based upon weight of Solid Waste delivered or
caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City and
County. The determination of the total weight of Solid Waste
delivered ar caused to b� delivered to the S��stem by the City and
the County shall be made thr_ough the use of Scale Systems or, at
any dispos�l site where Scale System� are not available, by
con�verting volumes of Solid Waste to tons �f Solid Waste at the
agreed upon rates of 3 lf3 cubic yards of compacted Solid Waste to
one ton of Solid Waste and 6 2/3 cubic yards of noncompacted Solid
Waste to one ton af Solid Waste. The determination of �rhether an�•
particular Solid Waste delivered to a disposal site by any person
is from the City or from other areas of the County shall be
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determined by the City through such methods or systems as the City
and the County shall ag�ee and deem appropri�te.
(g) The City' s and County's allocable revenues, including
interest earnings thereon may be used for the following purposes:
(1) ci
(i) To pay City Pre-existing Landfill Costs cur-
rently;
(ii) To fund a reserve for future City Pre-existing
Landfill Costs;
(iii)To pay debt service on Series 1988 Bonds and
Additional Bonds allocable to payment of City
Pre-existing Landfill Costs;
(iv} To fund a closure reserve fund to close City ;
Pre-existing Landfills; -
(v) To pay other City Collection Costs; or
(vi) Any other lawful purpose of the Citye
(2) Countv•
(i) To pay County Pre-existing Landfill Costs
currently; or `
(ii) To pay debt service on Series 1988 Bonds and
Additional Bonds allocable to payment of the
County s Pre-existing Landfill Costs.
(3) Recrional Cities:
• (i) To pay their proportionate share of landfill
: closure liability in an au�ount not to °e�rcee�
their landfill closure contributions.
(h) The amount of the landfill closure component per ton of
Solid Waste will be determined by the County in accordance with
its needs. Such amount will be set by the City at a level needed
to provide funds sufficient (i) to provide for the payment by the
Ccunty of all County Pre-existing Landfill Costs that have not been
provided for by proceeds of Series 1988 Bonds or Additional Bonds
plus (ii) to pr.ovide for the payment by the City of debt service
on Series 1988 Bonds and Additional Bonds issued to finance County
Pre-existing Landfill Costs. The aggregate amount of funds
provided to the County or the Regional Cities for the proceeds of
payment of Pre-existing Landfill Costs (including net groceeds of
Series 1988 Bonds and Additional Bonds issued to finance County
Pre-existing Landfill Costs or Pre-existing Landfill Costs of the
-�.J-
Regional Cities and all other funds provided to the County or the
Regional Cities through operation of the landfill closure com-
ponent, but excluding debt service on such bonds to b� funded
through the landfill closure component) sha11 not exceed
$20, 000, 000 (as to the County) plus the amount of the land�ill
closure component paid by each Regional City and paid to the
Regional City pursuant to Section 2 .4 (d) hereof. �
. (i) Except to the extent that a landfill closure component of .
the Tipping Fees shall be imposed and distributed under this
Section 2.4 , this Agreement shall not be construed in any manner
as to create, directly or indirectlY, liability to the City for
County Pre-existing Landfills, or liability to the County for City
Pre-existing Landfills. Nor shall this Agreement alter any current
liability the City may have to the County or the County may have
to the City with regard to the landfills of the other.
Section 2 . 5. County's Flow Control Ordinance.
(a) As part of the County' s contribution to the regional .
solution of the regional Salid Waste disposal problem, the County
has adopted a Flow Control Ordinance, Chapter 8.56 of the Spokane
County Code. That ordinance provides, in essence, that all Solid
Waste collected in the unincorporated area of the County shall be
disposed of at a site designated by the County. During the term
of this Agreement, subject to the exceptions currently in effect
contained in its Flow Control Ordinance the County shall designate
the System as its sole disposal site at all times the System is in
op�ration, shal� not, directly or indirectly, site or permit to be i �
sited any Solid Waste Disposal Site other than the System, and
shall enforce the Flow Control Ordinance continuously; provided.
howev�r, that this sentence shall not apply to Hazardous Waste.
The designation of the System required by the preceding sentence
shall be �ade by the County concurrently with the effectiveness of
. this Agreement.
(b) If all or part of the Flow Control ordinance and/or
regulations promulgated thereunder are declared to be invalid by
a court of competent jurisdiction or are not continuously enforced
by the County, and the County s ability to require the delivery of
Solid Waste ta the System thereby is impaired, and if the System
is operating at a reduced capacity due to the County's total or
partial inability to control the flow of Solid Waste, the County
shall be obligated either to deliver or cause to be delivered
substituted Solid Waste to the System in an amount equal in volume
to the Solid Waste it has represented it can control, or to pay ar_
amount of money which would equal the economic value (including
penalties due tY:�� Company and lost energy revenue) of such non-
delivered Solid Waste. In computing the County' s obligation to
deliver or pay the economic ectuivalent of non-�.elivered Solid
Waste, the County shall get credit for all solid Waste delivered
to the Sy�tem other than Solid Waste delivered by the City and the
Regioi:al Cities and Solid Waste delivered .to the System by City
residents �nd Regianal City resid�nts, or from residents, com-
-16-
panies , institutions or others who reside within the City or the
Regional Citie� but manage their own garbage.
(c) The County's obligation to provide Solid Waste or money
equal to the economic value of non-delivered Solid Waste to the
System is a general obligation of the County. The economic value
of non-delivered Solid Waste will be equal to the reduction in Net
Revenue (as hereafter defined) of the System caused solely by the
reduced flow of Solid Waste from the unincorporated portions of thz
County because of the County' s inability to en�orce its Flow
Control Ordinance. "Net Revenue" shall mean Revenues less costs
of Maintenance and Operation.
(d) If the County Flow Control Ordinance is valid and the
County enforces it continuously and effectively, �ut the volume of
Solid Waste in the unincorporated area of the County is lower than
anticipated, the County shall not be obligated to pay an economic
equivalent or to provide the System with substitute Solid Waste.
If an unincorporated area becomes incorporated, every possible
legal effort shall be taken to obligate said area to assuine it� .
allocable share of the County's obliga�ion to provide Solid Waste,
as authorized by law.
(e) If the County, by virtue of its continuous enforcement
of the Flow Control Ordinance, incurs inverse condemna-
tion costs or expenses, said costs or expenses shall be
reimbursed by the System as a Cost of the System or as
a Cost of Maintenance and Operation.
; '
Section 2 . 6. Revenues and Budgets.
(a) The City shall prepare an Annual Budget for the System at
the same time the City prepares its general budget and shall
submit the System Annual Budget to the County for review and
comment at least thirty days prior to its adoption. The System
Budaet shall separately identify all City Collection Revenues and
Costs. The Annual Budget shall include a work plan r implementing
the waste reduction/recycling program and the litter control
program. Within ten days of its receipt of the Sys��:em Annua�
Budget, the County shall deliver its comments in writing to the
City Manager who shall transmit them to the City Council in a
t�.mely manner.
(b) The Annual Budget for the System shall establish suffi-
cient Revenues to comply with the Rate Covenant and any similar
covenant in any such ordinance authorizing Additional Bonds anc� t�
pay at minimum the following expenses:
(1) Costs of Maintenance and O��eration of the System;
(2) Debt service on the Series 1988 Bonds �nd Adc��-
� tion�l Bonds as required by the �ond Ordinance and
any such other ordinance;
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(3) Coverage on the Series 1988 Bonds and Additional
Bonds as reguired by the Bond Ordinance and any such
oLher ordinance;
(4) Series 1988 Bond and Additional Bond reserves, and
all other payments required to be made by the Bond
Ordinance and any such other ordinance;
(5) . System costs, including rer.ewals and replacements;
and
(6) Landfill closure component as defined by Section
� .4 of this Agreement;
provided, however, that in establishing its collection fees,
Tipping Fees and other similar charges ta comply with the Rate
Covenant and the foregoing, City Collection Costs, including City
�re-existing Landfill Costs, City Coll�ction Revenues, Regional
Landfill Costs and Co�snty Pre-existing Landfill Costs shall be
reflected in Tipping Fees only as provided in Section 2 .4 (a) .
hereof.
(c) Ti.pping Fees shall be uniform for the same class of
service, except that Tipping Fees at the System' s transfer stations
and the Facility may differ to reflect the costs of transporting
Solid Waste from the transfer stations to the Facility. Collection
fees may continue to vary within the County and between the City
and the County.
+ �
(d) If the City or the County should impose a utility tax on
the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that
utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated within the County
� shall be shared, after the deduction of all ap�ropriate and
reasonable administrative costs, between the City and the County
. proportionately based upon the tons of Solid Waste delivered to
the System from the City and the tons Solid Waste delivered to the
System from other sources. Proceeds of that utility tax on
disposal of Solid Waste generated outside Spokane County shall be
shared, after the deduction of all appropriate and reasonabie
administrative costs, between the City, the County and the Regional
Cities, on the same proportionate basis as Solid Waste generated
within the County.
(e) nther than changes in the Tipping Fee required by the Bond
Ordinance or made in accordance with Section 2 .4 of this A�reement
to provide Revenues to fund Pre-existing Landfill Costs, Tippin;
Fees shall not be increased or decreased without the agreement of
both the City and the County.
Section '1 .7 . Manaetement.
(a) The City shall ap�rate the Facility and shall be re-
sponsible for making all operational decisicns other th�n major
decisions, a� more particularly described in subsection (b) k�elow.
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The City shall account for all City Collection Revenues and City
Collection Costs separately to assure that such revenues and costs
are not included in the c�lculation of the Tipping Fees. The City
may charge City general overhead expenses to the System as a Cost
of Maintenance and Operation in the same manner as it uses to
allocate City general overhead expenses to its water and sewer
utilities. The City shall be responsible for all contract and non-
contract employees of the System other than employees of the
.Company, or its assigns, agents or successor. Provided, however,
the hiring or termination of the Director of the Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Disposal Project by the City shall be made only after
consult�tion with the County.
(b) Decisions relating to the following matter� are considered
major decisions and, therefore, no modification or change in them
may be made without the agreement of the City and the County:
� (1) An expansion of the System's service territory to
include use of the System by persons, firms or corporations
outside the boundaries of the County; _
(2) Any single discretionary modification af the System
costing in excess of $1,000, 000 (renewals or replacements
� which, in the opinion of the City, are necessary for the
. efficient or safe operation of the System shall not be deemed
discretionary modifications) ;
(3) Major change in the Construction Contract increas- .
ing the cost of the Facility by $1,000,000 or more per �change , �
order, or in the Service Contract increasing annual operating
costs by 5� or more;
(4) Any change in the a��aount or components of Tipping
Fees other than chang�s made to fulfill the requir�ments of
the Bond Ordinance or made in the landfill closure component
in accordanc� with the provisions of Section 2 .4 of this
� Agreement.
(5) The siting and selection of any publicly owned
transfer station(s) .
(5) The adoption and implementation of a County-Wide
Solid Waste Reduction and/or Recycling Program.
(7) The adoption and implementation of a County-Wide
Litter Control Proc�r�.m.
(8) The siting and selection of any Regional Landfill
to be used for Solid W�ste. Provided, however, that if the
County does not consent to the siting and selectior. of any
Regional Landfill under the provisions of this Agreement, and
sucY� action has a material adverse effect upon the Revenues,
the County, in that event, shall pay to the City an amount of
-19-•
money equal to the economic value of increased disposal costs
due to such refusal.
(9) The adoption, development, and implementation of a
County-Wide Dangerous Waste Disposal Program.
Major decisions require th� concurrence of both the City and
the County and shall be made by resolution of their respective
governing bodies. �
(c) The City and County shall form a five-member Policy
Liaison Board, comprised of two City representatives, two County
representatives and one representative selected by the Regional
Cities who shall be a non-voting mem�er. The City and the County
shall each appoint their representatives. who shall serve without
additional compensation. The purpose and function of the Policy
Liaison Board shall be to create a forum for discussion among the
City, the County and the Regional Cities concerning the Facility
and to create a body to whom information concerning the Facility
can be provided. The Policy Liaison Board shall have no indepen-
dent decision-making authority. The Policy Liaison Board shall
review all Facility requests and transmit those requests to the
City, County and Regional City representative respectively. The
Policy Liaison Board shall review and make a recommendation on
those matters set forth in Section 2 .7 (b) hereinabove. The City
shall provide a statement of Facility income and expenses to the
Policy Liaison Board promptly at the end of each calendar quarter
or on such other periodic basis agreed upon by the City, the
County and Regional City repr�sentative. � �
During the construction and operational testing and acceptance
phases of the Facility, the Policy Liaison Board shall meet at
least monthly to review the status of the Facility and to di.scuss
matters which should b� reviewed by the City and the County. The
City shall cause monthly reports to be made to the Policy Liaison
Board during this phase. Prior to acceptance of the Facility by
the City, the Policy Liaison Board shall be co�npri�ed of inembers
of the City Council and Board of County Commissioners and a member
of the City Council of one of the Regional Cities.
After the construction and operational testing and acceptance
of the Facility, the PoZicy Liaison Board shall meet at least once
each calendar quarter or on such other periodic basis agreed upon
by the members to review operational matters pertaining to the
Facility. The City shall cause an operational status report to b�
made at such m�etings. During this phase of the Facility, the
Policy Liaison Board may be comprised of representatives of the
City, County, or a Regional City or of inembers of the City Council
or �3oard of Caunty �ommissioners or the Council of a Regional City.
The f.ailure of the Policy Liaison Board to meet as provided
in this section shall not invalidate this Agreement.
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(d) The Director of the Regional Solid Waste Disposal Project
shall report directly to the City Manager. The Director shall have
control over the 1988 Improvements Additions a5 well as the County-
Wide Solid Waste Reduction and Recycling Program, County-Wide
Litter Control Program, Dangerous Waste Disposal Program and
transfer station(s) . Upon reaching the Acceptance Date, as defined
in the Design and Construction Contract, as well a5 completion of
items 6, 7 , and 9 in Paragraph (b) hereinaUove, the City may
reorganize the management of the Project as deemed necessary for
efficient operation.
Section 2 .8. Waste ReductionlRecvclinct Proaram. The _City
has implemented and shall continue a comprehensive recycling
program to encourage the recycling of Solid Waste throughout the
County, through the term of triis Agreement.
Section 2 .9. Litter Control Program. The City has imple-
mented and sha11 continue a comprehensive litter control program
designed to control the miscellaneous unpermitted dumping of Solid
Waste at sites other than at the System throughout the County,
through the term of this Agreement.
ARTICLE III
RATE STABILIZATION
S�ction 3 . 1. Purnose of this Article. The purpose of this
Article III is to amend and restate the Rate Stabilization Fee
Agreement. �
The City has entered into an Agreemen� for Firm Power �urchase
with Puget Sound Power and Light Company for the sale of electric
power from the Facility, which agreement provides for escalating
pawer rates. The Rate Stabilization Sp�cial Fund and the Rate
Stabilization Account referred to below, are designed to stabilize
Tipping Fees in the early years of operation of the Facility and
thereby achieve a Tipping Fee rate result which will approximate
a levelized power payment contract.
Section 3 . 2. Rate Stabilization S�ecial Fund. The Treasurer
of the City has created a special fund, separate and distinct from
all other funds and accounts of the City, designated the "Rate
Stabilization Special Fund" (the "Rate Stabilization Fund") . The
Rate Stabilization Fund contains two accounts, the "City Account"
and the "County Account" , into which the City and the County,
respectively, since March 1, 1988, have deposited the R�t-e
Stabilization Component that each collects for Solid Waste disposal
` services initially equivalent to $12 . 50 per ton of Solid Waste
disposal . As of October 10, 1988 , when the County ceases providing
Solid Waste disposal services and the City commences providing
disposal services previausly provided by the County �arad. collecting
Tipping Fees th�refor, the City shall continue to collect the �ate
Stabilization CoMponent on all Solid Waste disposed of by it and
deposit such Component into the appropriate accounts of the Rate
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Stabilization Fund. The Rate Stabilization Component shall
continue to be collected and deposited as provided herein at least
through the date through which interest on the Series 1988 Bonds
and the Additional Bonds is to be paid from the proceeds thereof.
Upon the issuance of the Series 1988 Bonds, all amounts in thE Rate
Stabilization Fund shall be transferred to the Rate Stabilization
Account of the Revenue Fund e�tablished under the Bond Ordinance
(the "Rate Stabilization Account") , which shall not contain any
subaccounts. Such transfer �s referred to in this Article as the
"Bond Ordinance Transfer. "
Section 3 .3 . Use of Monev in Special Fund. Money deposited
into the City Account, the County Account or the Rate Stabilization
Account shall be used to stabilize the Tipping Fees in the early
years of the operation of the Facility. Prior to the Bond
Ordinance Transfer, the City or the County may borrow up to the
amount each has deposited in their respective account pursuant to
Section 3 .7 hereof.
Section 3 . 4 . Investment of Special Fund. Prior to the Bond
Ordinance Transfer, the City shall keep all money in the Rate
Stabilization Fund continuously invested in investments lawfully
, available to the City. Interest earnings on the City Account shall
be accounted for separately and shall be credited to the City
Account. Interest earnings on the County Account shall be
accounted for separately and shall be credited to the County
Account. After the Bond Ordinance Transfer, amounts in the Rate
Stabilization Account shall be invested in accordance with the Bond
Ordinance. � �
Section 3 . 5. Use of Money. Amounts in the Rate Stabilization
Fund, and the interest earninqs thereon, unless withdrawn as
hereinafter provided, shall be used for the purpose of stabilizing
Tipping Fees at the Facility during the initial operating y�ars of
the Facility or as otherwise required by the Bond Ordinance.
Section 3. 6. Withdra�,ral. Prior to the Bond Ordinance
_ Transfer:
(a) The City and the County may withdraw an equal amount of
money from both accounts for the support of the System, and, if
, additional money is still available in each account. then
(b) If (a) above is provided for, the City or the County may
withdraw money from the City Account (in the case of a City
withdrawal) or the County Account (in the case of a County
withdrawal) in an amount up to the balance in each respective
account. Money may be withdrawn from the Rate Stabilization Fund
to provide money to the City or to the County for the sole purpose
of paying landfill closure costs and expenses for City-owned
landfills (in the case of a City withdrawal) or for County-owned
landfills (in the case of a County withdrawal) . Money may also be
withdrawn from the Rate Stabilization Fund to pay City costs or
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County costs for landfills or disposal sites for which either the
City or the County may be liable.
(c) Commencing with the Capitalized Interest Date, and
continuing th.rough March 1, 2001, money may be withdrawn monthly
from the Rate Stabilization Fund or, a5suming the Series 1988 Bonds
have been issued, from the Rate Stabilization Account, and shall
be used for the purpose of stabilizing Tipping Fees.
(d) Money so withdrawn by the City or the County, pursuant to
(a) , (b) or (c) . above, shall be repaid (with interest at a rate
equal to the Rainier National Bank publicly announced prime rate
at the time of such withdrawa� minus two percent) within five
business days after the issuance of Series 1988 Bands.
After the Bond Ordina�ce Transfer, amounts shall be withdrawn
from the Rate Stabilization Account solely in accordance with the
Bond Ordinance.
ARTICLE IV .
CESSATION OF DISPOSAL SERVICES BY COUNTY;
USE OF MICA LANDFILL BY CITY
Section 4 . 1. Cessation of CountY Disposal Services. Com-
mencing as of October 10, 19t38, the County shall cease praviding
disposal services for Solid Waste generated in the unincorporated
area of the County and the Regional Cities and shall cease to
collect all Tipping Fees for such services. As of such date, the
, City �hall commence to provide disposal services for such Solid ; '
Waste and to collect all Tipping Fees t2ierefor.
Sect'on 4.2 . City Ricrht to Use Mica Land�ill. During the
term of this Agreement, the City shall have the right to use the
County s Mica Landfill for the disposal of Solid Waste d�livered
to the System, so long as Mica Landfill is a Pre-existing Landfill
pursuant to this Agreement. Following the Conunencement Date of the
Facility, the City and the County may negotiate to ext�nd the
� City's right to use the Mica Landfill as a Regional La.ndfill.
Sectimn 4 . 3 . Operation of Mica Landfill Subject to Section
4 .4 hereof, the County shall operate and mainta�n, or cause to be
operated and maintaineel, the Mica Landfill. Unti1 the Commencement
Date of the Facility, the City agrees to pay the County monthly,
as a Cost of Maintenance and Operation of the System, a non-
. escalating operatina fee equal to $18 .50 per ton of Solid Waste
disposed of at the Mica Landfi.11. No�withstanding -anythinc�
contained in this Article �o the contrary, the City shall cease to
pay such operating fee to the County as of three (3) years
following thE date of this Agreement, or the occurrence of the
Commencement Date of the Facility, whichever shall occur earlier.
Secti.on �_4 . Scale S sy teme
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,
(a) The City shall install at the Mica Landfill a Scale System
for the accurate measurement of loads. Such Scale System will be
owned, operated, maintained and controlled by the City. The City
will purchase the Scale System at an estimated cost of $150, 000.
The City shall also provide supe�-vision during the installation of
the Scale System the County will pay the cost of site preparation
at an estimated cost of $103 , 603 . The County shall also provide _
supervision during site preparation. The Scale System may
ultimately be r.elocated to a transfer station. .
(b) The City shall be responsible for the management,
operation and maintenance of the Scale System. Subject to the
County successfully negotiating an amendment with its present
contractor operating the Mica Landfill site. ar.d campleting
appropriate discussions and/or negotiations with the appropriate
collective bargaining representatives, the scale operators may be
employees of the City and, if so, the City shall be responsible for
their salaries and supervision. The scale operators shall collect
all Tipping Fees at the Mica Landfill.
The County or its designee shall be responsible for snow and
dirt removal surrounding the Scale System and scale house. The
city shall be responsible for all utility bills (water, electri-
ci�y, telephone) incurr�d in conjunction with the operation of the
Scale Systemo
Section 4 .5. Distribution of Tippinq Fees. The Tipping Fees
collected by the scale operators at the Mica Landfill shall be
deposited in the Revenue Fund of the City s Refuse Department until ; '
issuance of the Series �1988 Bonds after which such Tipping Fees
shall be deposited in the Revenue Account e5tablished under the
Bond Ordinance; provic�ed, however, that the portion of the Tipping
F�es consisting of the Rate Stabilization Component shall be
. disbursed as provided in Article III hereof. Amounts deposited in
the Revenue Fund of the City's Refuse Department or the Revenue
Account established under the Bond Ordinance shall be used by the
City to pay Costs of Maintenance and Operation of the System,
including the operating fee owed to the County in respect of the
Mica Landfill.
Section 4 . 6. Liabilities. In the event that the City in-
curs liabilities, costs or expenses under the Comprehensive
Environmer.tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA")
as a result of its use of the Mica Landfill pursuant to this
Article IV, the County shall reimburse the City for all such
�iabilities, co.sts and expenses. The County shall not be obligatec�
to reimburse the City for. any liabilities, costs or expenses
referred to herein to the extent such liabilities, costs or
expenses are allocable to Solid Waste disposal at Mica Landfill
after any designation of the Mica Landfill as a Regional Landf_3i1 .
-2.4-
Section 4 .7 . purat�on and Termination o� this Art�c�e.
(a) The term of this Article shall be until the earlier of
(i) the Commencement Date, or (ii) three (3) years from the date
� of this Agreement, unless the City or County notifies the other
party to this Agreement in writing of its intent to terminate 30
days before the third anniversary date of this Agreement, unless
such other time is agreed to by the parties.
(b) The City shall have a reasonable period of time to remove
the Scale System following termination of this Article.
(c) The City shall be responsible for all costs associated
with the relocation and/or removal of the Scale System.
ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS
Sectior. 5 . 1. Amendment of this Agreement. Amendment of this
Agreement may be made only by written agreement of the City and the .
County.
Section 5.2. Duration and Termination of this Acrreemente
(a) The System is a regional system for the collection,
management, handling and disposal of Solid Waste and is to be
operated pursuant to this Agreement. Neither the City nor the
County may use the System to the exclusion of the other.
i
(b) Except as provid�d in Section 4 . 6.(a) hereof, this
Agreentent shall be for the term of 25 years, or for such longer
term as the Series 1988 Bonds or any Additional Bonds remain
outstanding.
(c) This Agreement can be terzainated early only by agreement
of the City and the County. �
(d) This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for suc-
cessive 20-year terms unless the City and the County agr�e not to
renew it.
�e) Following termination of this Agreement, the City shall
own the System and all of its assetse
(f) This Agreement shall be terminated automatically if the
Referendtun 39 Grant is not available for payment under the Con-
struction Contract provided that this Agreement shall not be
terminated for such reason after issuance of the Series 1988 Bonds.
Section 5 . 3 . Waiver. No officer, e�ployee, agent or
otherwise of the City or the County has the power, right, or
authority to waive any of the �onditions or provisions of this
Agreement. No waiver of any breach of this Agreement shall be held
to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach. All re�nedies
-25-
afforded in this Agreement or at law shall be taken and construed
as cumulative, that is, in addition to every other r�medy provided
herein or by law. Failure of the City or the County to enforce at
any time any of the provisions of this Agreement or to require at
any time performance by the Company of any provision hereof, shall
in no way be construed to be a waiver of such provisions, nor in
any way affect the validity of this Agreement or any part hereof,
or the right of the City and/or the County to hereafter enforce
each and every such provision.
Section 5.4 . HeadinQS. The section headings in this Agree-
ment have been inserted �olely for the purpose of convenience and
ready reference. In no way do they purport to, and shall not be
deemed to, limit or extend the scope or intent of the sections to
which they appertain.
Section 5.5. Al1 Writinqs Contained Herein. This Agreement
contains all of the terms and conditions agreed upon by the
parties. No other understandings, oral or otherwise, regard'ing
the subject matter of this Agreement shall be deemed to exist or
to bind any of the parties hereto. The parties have read ana
_ understand all of this Agreement, and now state that no represen-
tation, promise, or agreement not expressed in this Agreement has
been made to induce the parties to execute the same.
Section 5. 6. FilinQ of this AQreement. The City shall file
this Agreement with the City Clerk, County Auditor and Secretary
of State.
Section 5.7. ��verabilitv. In the event any provi5ion of `
this Agreement shall be declared by a court of competent juris-
diction to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the validity,
legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not,
in any way, be aff�cted or impaired tMereby.
Section 5.8. Effective Date. This Agreem�nt shall become
effective immediately after it is duly adopted by the Board of
County Commissioners �nd the City Council and upon compliance with
Section 11. 05 (G) of the Bond Ordinance.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties have executed this
Agreement by their duly authorized officials.
THIS AGREEMENT supersedes the interlocal agreements of the
City and the County entered into on November 3 , 1987 , July 18 ,
1988 and October 11, 1988.
-2E,-
DATED as of this lOth day of April, 1989 .
SPOKANE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
.
oh R. McBri e, Ch 'rman
, , Commissioner
� • • �
Patricia A. Mummey, Commission�
Attest•
' 1 iam E. Donahue,
Lerk of the Board �
�
� Marshall R. Farnell, �
Chief Administrative Officer '
Apprcved as to Form:
�
J mes . Emacio, Chief Civil
ep Prosecuting Attorney
-27--
�. r" .
DATED as ot this lOth day of April, 1989.
CITY OF SPOKAN�, WASHINGTON
�,l�v� � �
Vicki S. McNeill, Mayor
Attest: _
�
Elizabe Gavidson
Deputy ity Clerk � /.1��� —
.-.�---- /ti
Ter L, ovak, City Manager
Appr ved as to Fo
J es . S1 an C ty Attorney
RJK\S5020-87.OD6\ �
, 1lINTER.OG4
-28-
. o �R 5����`�.
92 0�02
, AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED
INTERLOCAL COOPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE CITY OF SPOKANE AND SPOKANE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
THIS AMENDMENT AGREEMENT, made and entered into by and between
SPOKANE COUNTY, a political subdivision of the State of Washington,
having offices for the transaction of business at West 1116
Broadway Avenue, Spokane, Washington, 99260 , (hereinafter referred
to as the "County" ) and THE CITY OF SPOKANE, a municipal corpora-
tion, having offices for the transaction of business at West 808
Spokane Falls Blvd. , Spokane, Washington, 99201, (hereinafter
referred to as the "City" ) , jointly referred to as the "Parties" .
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a First Class Charter city, duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington, and Spokane County, a Class A County, duly organized
and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of
Washington, have the power to control the management, handling and
disposal of solid waste within the City and unincorporated area of
the County, respectively; and
WHEREAS, the City and County entered into a document entitled
"Amended and Restated Interlocal Cooperation Agreement Between the
City of Spokane and Spokane County, Washington, Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Management System" , dated April 10 , 1989 , and now
. desire to modify Article II (Cooperative Project) , Section 2.7
(Management) (c) of said agreement so that the fifth member of the
Policy Liaison Board, being a representative selected by the
Regional Cities, is a voting, as opposed to non-voting member of
said Board;
NOW, THEREFORE, FOR AND IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual
benefits running to the City and County respectively, as a result
of the amendment set forth hereinafter, the City and the County do
hereby agree that the Interlocal Agreement entered into by the
Parties on the lOth day of April,- 1989, and termed "Amended and
Restated Interlocal Cooperation Agreement Between the City of
Spokane and Spokane County, Washington, Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System" , be and is hereby amended in Article II
(Cooperative Project) , Section 2. 7 (Management) (c) , to provide as
follows:
(underlined language added, e�e�s���el�en language deleted)
Page - 1
; �.
(c) The City and County shall form a five-member Policy
Liaison Board, comprised of two City representatives, two
County representatives and one representative selected by
the Regional Cities ��e-���33-�e--�-nen-�e��ng-n��.
_ The City and the County shall each appoint their �
representative who shall ser�re without additional
compensation. The purpose and function of the Policy
Liaison Board shall be to create a forum for discussion
among the City, the County and the Regional Cities
concerning the Facility and to create a body to whom
information concerning the Facility can be provided. The
Policy Liaison Board shall have no independent decision-
making authority. The Policy Liaison Board shall review
all Facility requests and transmit those requests to the
. City, County and Regional City representative respective-
ly. The Policy Liaison Board shall review and make a
recommendation on those matters set forth in Section
2.7(b) hereinabove. The City shall provide a statement
of Facility income and expenses to the Policy Liaison
_ Board promptly at the end of each calendar quarter or on
such other periodic basis agreed upon by the City, the
County and Regional City representative.
_ During construction and operational testing and
acceptance phases of the Facility, the Policy Liaison
Board shall meet at least monthly to review the status of
the Facility and to discuss matters which should be
reviewed by the City and the County. The City shall
cause monthly reports to be made to the Policy Liaison
Board during this phase. Prior to acceptance of the
Facility by the City, the Policy Liaison Board shall be
comprised of inembers of the City Council and Board of
County Commissioners and a member of the City Council of
. one of the Regional Cities.
After the construction and operational testing and
acceptance of the Facility, the Policy Liaison Board
shall meet at least once each calendar quarter or on such
other periodic basis agreed upon by the members to review
operational matters pertaining to the Facility. The City
shall cause an operational status report to be made at
� such meetings. During this phase of the Facility, the
Policy Liaison Board may be comprised of representatives
of the City, County, or a Regional City or of inembers of
the City Council or Board of County Commissioners or the
Council of a Regional City.
The failure of the Policy Liaison Board to meet as
provided in this section shall not invalidate this
Agreement.
Page - 2
BE IT FURTHER AGREED by the City of Spokane and County of
Spokane that but for that change as set forth hereinabove, all
other terms, conditions and provisions, to include recitals, set
forth in that document executed on April 10, 1989, and entitled
"Amended and Restated Interlocal Cooperation Agreement Between the
City of Spokane and Spokane County, Washington, Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Management System" , shall remain in full force and
effect, without any change or modification whatsoever.
DATED this ��' day of , 199 �
CITY OF SPOKANE, WASHINGTON
By �o_TL+��. �R u a.�
� M A Y O R
ATTEST:
JANET R, OLJENS
D�PUTY CITY CLERK
B
APPROVED AS TO .
ames . Slo e,
Corporation Counsel
DATED this � day of 1 , 199 � .
� BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
OF SPOKANE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
.
John R. ri e
ATTEST:
WILLIA�' E DONAHU, , Patr' ummey
C r 'o the Boa�fd
. By
eputy Clerk St en on
Agree\Interloc.jpe
Page - 3
�9 �'�'� �t`'� ��-���
�rr �x�s�+axr�� cov�zrr���$���r������w�5�r $��"�rs,
5PV1�tE �EGaoNl�i. S4L�� 4�AS�E i�LA1tAG�NT' �YSfiE�.
��I'b'ALS
'wk�ER:�A�, th� CS�t� ot S�c�k�sne, a �ir�� �i�$a cha�ter �i��r duiy
a1C�ania�d a�1d ex�,�ting r�.nde�` and by vi�'Gra� �t ��ak��re, a�cla�ss��te
ca7� TAashin€�Ccxrt (ttse "!��.ty'*7 , �xtid �lae Co+�ty �.� �p
€
�oun�y dulY ��'�an��ed �s�d �'3t�.s�fs�g und�r ar�havQ t�ia �� +�r o�c4�tr��
of tYle �tate of '�a�hisagton qth� Cc�unt � . �
th� management. han�iiricJ ak�d di�porsai ot �aTid wast� ("��4�lid �,t�►�ta
mana�e:n�r�+t"} wi r�� e tiv�ly�a�� unir�co�nratad a��� af t.�� Cou.ntY
(tri� "��qir�n""? r �
wl'�1�EAS. {Chs ��ty of i�it'aray Heights{hergin��tsr "Aix-a'a+�
H�igh�s°'� !.s as ci�y* duly arg�►nized� and �x�eting un�e�` and by
v3rtu� of t���w�rgte�c��etr�X���1�.����►���nag��ent ��ttain�t3t�f
an�d �a$ �h� P
�gty a� Aixzr�� lieig�ts; arad
y�RF�, �h� County duly adagted a S�l�.d w�sta �tan�gemen'G
F�la� �c�� th� region (,�PIaY�{{� , w�ic:► Plasx araa a�rs�s��d �y Ais�w�,y
'H�ight�� �:td,
11ffi��. �he Ci�3► at� Cotii'stq ix�iti�tad �he spokar�� 1��gl�onal
Sol�d Wast� Dis�asa�. Fa-v�ect iz� i�Ba ir� ord�r t❑ d�velap a k�ec���
wasta���d�tic�t��azu? r�cy�c�ing�Fr�►�gia�3�r�d�1�,tCer���ntrQlp��'a��
V 1.��PIS6 e d��
k7iiERE�1S. after years caf pim37xt�n� and tl�� compie�i�� �� �n
ada�lu��e esxvirat�btental imp�Gt �t.iteraexst � v�ruior s�lec��an
psac���, �;�� ��ter due cvn�ide�atian of ths enviro�t,�e1,
sa��a�, ����+�iaal, ����omic and oth�r r$lu�rant Lactar�. �s��ludS,ng .
p,�3�1£c arfd �aves������ �amment. �ind o�se�varsc� ot appifC�b3$
fed���l„ �t�tB, a�a� 10��1 �rocednre�. +th� City �nd Ca��rty e�tab-
1ist:ed a �otsperative gro�ect for �he 1�sn�;��ffiant, iiandlinc� arid
aispos$1 ot solid w�ste g�fle�$te� with.�sn ��►� Gity and th� vn�re-
�arpvrated area6 oP ths G�t�nt]r loy �exe�utivrv oY an Irs!��r�rt�ca�
C;�ope�atlor� Aq�eemeri� by a �a�.�t R�sv]�+stivn ada�tee� c�x� �3�ere�b�r
3, 19�7, a� euper�ed�d b�r axs I�i�e�l�cal �oopeY�tian A�qF��'aent
adc ted b� the City $nd Cc�unty on Oet�ar i�, 1988 (h�r�£na�tr��
co11�e��vel�+ r�ierL°�d tv as �e nG�tiusty I.nt�rlo�cal Coopei�ati.an
Agr�$ment"'�: ax� � � �
##+PHH�REAS, t�►� �aunCy, by tl�� Count� I1�t��lacai �oog�ra�iot�
Rg�a�me�t Y►as agreed �o �xercise its palice �ower�. �nc� desigs��'��
the Sys��t ae the ait� for disposa� of �nii.d was�� call�c�ed
ord n�nc��$ub��ct�arth���xc��ti�nta�t��olcth theseinF�a���nt�ol
� ��
��REAS. Airway �ei�h�� �a� daei���. i� ��ngid���ti�n �or
t�� �ity hamd�i�q the dispoaal oP �olid Wa��� �C the �yst�m, �n
a�9re� +�c �exerCie� it� �olice ga,*ex' attd �u#�Rcrti'�y �o c3�siqnat$ �-11a
�y�tem as t3�� �c�lo �ait� ;�or diepcneaX n� so.Li� �wa�te under i+ts
cora�gc�l�
t#OFd+ THLl��'Q�E, S�T9t�EEN 'i'�i� �A�'TFE5 HER�'P� Y'�" $S HEAEBY
p G�D AS F{1��i�:
SeG'C�.�Six i: D�FI�IT'IO�S,
A� us�d ir� thi� I1c3reeme�t, �tlze f+�llow�ro� �►orcis ��11 lts�v�
the falloving me�txinqs, t�l�ss tha eont�rt �ict�t�s o�e�wiB�t
p,. �halY me�n t�t+e S�rs�em budc��t �€��' � �'is��l1
�ear, aa ad�ep�a� +ar a�et�e�d �y � Ci�y ix� ���nrda�u� srit3s
s�c��cn S.i� at t2i�e �a�ici 4rd�t�#�#�c�e,
B. � t sh.ali m�e�n ��►� C�ty ot Spokar��, �iashinqton, a fir��
cl$�� cha�e� ai�y ra� t.��s Stat� �s� FA�1�L11.�Mgtcs�i.
�. a�nt sha31 me�r� Sgcrkan�. GG1itl�t}�t F�a�hinc�+tor� a a1a�s A
�aunty af the st$te of wasYsingtvn.
1�. Gous�tv T t�rla�al !C��ex��ti4n Aaze��eat sha31 mean th�
2a�er3ac�.3 �aapera��.an Ayreem�n� betwe�n t3:e City enci th� Count�'
�os the c�r.mer��aip, �inancing a�id m�.:rs$���ertt �g tY�� sy��em at�d �'iy
a�tent��aeenta tht�rea�,
E. AirLrav �[�i�ht� &17a�1 mm�an the Gity of A�9ew�y H�igh�s,
washins�ton, �n �opti�nal muisiaipal cade. ci�� G�t t�tt� ��te �P
washingtors.
�'. �'acilitY 9ha11 mtsan �ha aa�s hura reaaxr�rce sec�very
s�eam �zn�t �1�ctriC g�nera�iflg l�Gilit�^ �o Yre c�rietructad g���rs8ss�
tv ��a �onstsuc�ir��a C�ntract� �aCh �acility 1� the "Faci��ty" as
�ta,ck� 't$rm is cl��ined in 'kYae Cnnatrticti�on Contract.
� �, ��a�6na� Citi�� ��Sal�. meUan aiT incorperr�te� c��ies and
t�un� �r� spaka�e C��nty, eacc�ep� Ch� City af Spakan�, whic?x h�e
� er�t��ed it�to, �s h���aft�� ente�ea iro'�O a �e,�io�sal �i�y Inte�el�cal
AgreemeraC. �
H. $�Lid �xs� fixa�udes c�arbaq� an+3 ���'u�� ttxad �ha11 smear�
aiI gutsea�ibia arsd naxl-putre��fble wa�t�s, +�'i�tt��� in �o1id �r
�n liqu�d �Cri7� exc�ept liquid-�carr�ed indu�t�i�l u��tea �axad
�s�va�a, and iqcl�sdiag g����g$, �bfsh, a�lt�ar f,.�duat.rial 3easts�,
��rill, �e�oiitl.crr and c�t��trtictior� +waate�, aY,and�ned ve3�i�].�� ar
p�,t`ta thereof, diecard�d ?3am�� �xnd indu��€i�.l sPPliar��em, �nure,
dige�t�d sl�tdge, ve�ett�'�l�e or $nimai ��a1i� axnd semi-ao�id
mater�.$Aa. �a�id FTa�te dae� not inclttc�e R��y�labi� 3iaCex�lai� #s'
liasar�QUS ��u�te, 1411 u�t�rial� doposf��d �.n eana ar cQ�s�a�r��re
far �clle�t3on, (other th�� Reeyci$bla Metsr�nl� ar H��+��d4�
Was'te}, shaiY llx� d�em�ed so�.�d FTas�e.
S
�. 3�ete� sh�ll msan +�ha •xi¢tiaq Spoka�e Raqi�n�� �o�i�
W�,�ts liar�agesaent 8y�t+�z c4mp�i�ed cst alT pt��s�y� real ar
gers�na�i tar�qfbl�, or i��.anqibl� fi�at i� s�aw owne� ar ha��eft�r
acquirgd by t.he ��.ty at�d i� usad �ar u$e��tl by t.�+� City �iy 3n
aannacCi�n w�th �e c�l.laetfQn an� di�po6a3 cP �olid �7�st�
r�an�r�t�d �r��i� t�e� Ci'�y's b�undarf�.� and (i�.� in �arsn�c�i�+�
aaith th� df��o��l af ��kid Wasta gen�rated and cali���$d �xe�r-
wher� a,s�d d�liver�i C� the System f4� di�paea.l. F►s oi �l�e d�te
haret�f, �h� sya�e-n in�iutiea, �ittsouC limita���n� (�} tha ��ty°s
�or��iaid� landf�.�l� (b) the r�ght �a� thc Ci�� to dispos$ o� 84].�,d
'�as�� a,t th�z cau�tg'a �ica Ixr�i��ill pur�u��'� +ta the Coun�� 311t�r�
IaC�Y Ag�esment, ars� (�� the City's rcfuee cellee'tian systetn anel
all facilitie� �nd �quipmetxt agp,xr�enant t.Yier�taf tog�t-h�r mrith
�'�l equipme:l��, r�ll�ng stor.]]r €aCill+ties, ��erties, wh��h�er s�al
pr per�anal, 8nd V�Yticl�� n�cea�$ry �r it��i��n� t.h��eta.
,p�l�. �apitali�ed Le� t��� heir+�il?. whiCli ara nat si��in�d,
shalT h��7e �lte 1�te�r�ia�q8 �i'Ver� to ��m in t2�� Sand CF�tlinmace.
S�cti+��t �' �i�RFOSI�.
T�� p�?P�9e o� t3tis A�re��nt is to ratt��ish th� ��rt��ip��
tir�� at Af�a�y H��ghts iz� the 3ya�em.
Sectian �: S��I� W11��'E TQ �YSTE2+�.
A. ,Aixsray F[aig�s�s hereby e�over�an��, ac�'�aa aruk con�raciG� to
�x��aise its goli�� gUSSqer a�s� rsuthorit� #� di��ac� t3ya d�pvsi�k o�
Sal�d Wa�t�a qerr�raCed with�n i�� ���g�$p�+ic�l, b�un��€��.es t4 the
5yet�m.
S. '�h� fr�iLra*�inc� ara �pscifi�aiiy ea��r�ptc� Pt���a the p�ravi-
�inres o�E sxxb��c�ion A:
��p Wrecking a,utoma5l�es a#s8 gar�� thar�of ine�uding
�tnrage and h�nd1�149f �a�£litiesr minQerr�mnd'�seir �oe�o�iaped
m�ta��, glase, di���rded c].othiang, PaF �
fa�c�.Ii�ies whiC�i le�d� ta� resalQ �r ��t�se �# aaid mater�.al +�Ys���
�r� charge i� ��sde for ev���c�ic�n �� disgo�al to the arigi�a�c�,
(�) R�p��iti:sg s���, �oc1C. Lrs� ��umgs, g�avel, Yr�okexa
�ancr�te, krrake� asphol�. �ia�d ��m�iar in�rt wasC�s �r��o �he
�urfaG� c�� the g�ound rtYi��e�� 6tic�ke �ep+��iting f� t� b� �k��r�i�*
�n natura, grr.d�d, �d [�eh�rwfQ� wo�k�d ta fil� an ax�sti�
degree��on vr lo� �Xea �r� qro+��t.
�3� 'D�Pbeitil7g aqricts3tu�a1 �olici wa�C� �n�a oi` o�s�dar ths
�����r�tliized cr#a,neoi���c�r�di�ianer� or i��b ingide�poait�d�nn�l�
t�o�oY�eaid �raate�ms�lo���a� ��pomiting�auct��wasterdoes ��duo- '
crau�� a �7ui���sce.
�
(�) ��pa�itinq a�waq� �n�{�r ��udq� an�o �r under tkxo
s.nrfac� �i �h� g��u�d at � �i��o�al Si�� w��ch ha� otherwi�� ��en
���u�d a �ermit by � 10��1. �tatg �r �aderal aqe�c� t� b$
agera�sd, mai�taine� �r m�nag�d t�r �hat g��pv�e.
(�� D�positi�a� �azardo�� �aatae �r �angerous �a�te� o��� ar
u�d�r �h� surfa�e a� �e graun� a� a �ispa��� Sitc vhi�ch ha�
oth�rwise ���n isaued a germi� �y a 10��1, state o� �aderal
� aqency to be a�erated, nrsin�aineci. �t' �r�9ad .for thia purposs.
(�] ���a]�li��ent an� o�aaeiC�tion �# a Sioodvra�t� L�,x�fill
a�te.
C. The �poka�i� Cotutty �c�mpseh��s��v� :3p�id S�a�t�a M��ta�emm�tt
Fl�r� ari31 ad�re�c� �iap��a3 af �11 t�e� d$ wa8t�. `�'hs City a�d
�o�ty �ill inola,�Q,� 1►�r�a�r Ssiqhts ��i �tl�zu►�.�g !o� a�td c��po�twni-
t.ies for �rager ���po��l �� �xs�gt it2����,
�,��tiein 4: AI3�i�?HI�'1'l�TI��i.
A, �a Git�+ will mana�e th� Sy�k�m purs�uant to t�� terms
ared �ond�Ci�ra� �� �.ksa �ovsxty �nta�lccal ��op�ra�fan �g�semen�.
8. Ttie Ci�y arill pr�vi�de Ai�w��+ �t�i�ht� +�ri+=h a c�py c�� the
Axanu2�1 84xdg�t .�or the Syet�m.
G, A reprea�ntative aP the Reg'ian�l Cf�tf�� W111 b6 3 i�;4it-
vo�#,i�� m�sr c� �e 3�i�s�� S�ard �stabli�hed !�r' 'kh� CK�tu'ity
Irster7,rocr�1 Googeratfoxs Aga`e�er�t.
Se�ctian_9s TIFFIHG FE�S.
A. 'Th� �'�lggfrsg FeeB �h�7t`ged for dispo��], ot SG].S.d S+Fas�• a�
�.�'1� 5�6��9m 8�131� �7� �lsl�. �5����S�iB$ �7}� "�'1�. L'.�.�]►. ��.}?]�S���itCJ g'�8�
�hall be ur�ilor� �v�- �3�e s�,t�� �lass a� �e'�+If.�e, �st�apt tkist
Ti��i,r�� Feos. at th�e �ys'kes�'e tt`�s3'�s�or statir��t� arf�d th� �'acili��*
m,ay dif�er to r�fiert the cost� o� transgortihc� Solid ��s�t� �rc�
the transfe� statigns !t4 the �a�f�.�t�r. Th� City' haa isc.Rudad arsd
sh�ll cc�r�tir�ue ta fn�l�e ia� f�x� Tippinq F�ee a "la�ci�i1� alcasur�
eomp+�n�rrot'" vhi�� wii� k�� alla�a�cd betw�ex� the City, the Cvvnty,
and th� �.�giortra� citi�s as �rcavided l�e��it� and in �hg ��aanty
Iart�rlvC�,�, Caapera�i�an Agr��m�nt.
8. The syst�m �hell ailocate ta ]�it�ray t{�+lgh�� a p�t'�ion
�f ttxe re�'e#�uag f�r,m �hc land�i�l G1o�at�'� com�roa�nt o� �,t4e
5yste�'� T�.ppix�g Fees, such all�cat�-an af rav�au�gi sh�]�� be iz�
the ���� propart�csn tl�at Alxuay H�f,ghts�� soiici Wa��� g�neraC��1
and �e�ivered �� th$ �ystem bear� �a tl�� ta�ai non-Ci�p Solid
Was�Ea generated in tls� Crs�nty and d�lYvered to �Eta 5y&t�m �a�q
pear. TCz� p�x°�lun o� no�r-City So1id Wa�te ge��rasted 2�k�� ��-
ii�rer�ci to �g Sye�em hy A3swa� H�9.g'hts �hall ka� �d�tet�mined by
ths p�pu�at�on a� J4iswa�y Heiqhta �amp�r�d +ke 'C�]� totai nca�-Ci�y
�Sap�l�tian 4f �he �o+anty �r by �su�k! r+thar mech�Ati�m �� m�y t�e
l�utually �cjt'e�sd upnn by +t.he �f�y, th� C�suint]t �s3� Aii'�+'a�r F#�igRta,
. �
C. '�� �andf�ii Gl�sus� �ompaM�nt �� fi�:� �ipping F�e �i�l
�a in���a&ed �r decrea$�� p���odi�a�3� aa dee�ed necea�ary bY #-�a
ci�y to ge�e��ta t�e affioun� o� �vnds ��quirad by tk�a Gous�i�p ar
12egicn��. Ci�fe� tar I.andfil� clo:�ur� gurg���� wiCh�.� "r.�• -
litnit�tiot�s s+�t ��r�k� in �2ss Co�utY �nterlo��3 Cck6psrrx�ir�n
Agreement,
p. �L14catiori �# tTta rav�nue� �rom #�� ].aryd�i�l closura
�ompar�ent o� t.�ia Tigpix�,c� Fee wi11 ba mbde mor�t�iy C� r�Yiect 'r�ia
�ctva�� Pr�+parGiams b2���� �p�� weigl�:� o� So�id Wae�� d�liVe���, ��
�aus�d to k�$ d�l�v�red to th� Syat�m ea�ch yerar by th� C���,
��utx�y, an� Ragi�n�.l, �iti�a. '�'h!� �etesmilaatios� t�� tha �t�t�l
yraiqh� e�f solid �G#a�te sl�l�3rared ar ca�a�ed tsr b�s �ali�+a'�si�ed �o th�
spstem �y the Ci�y, the Ccrun��, g�� R�gi�sal ���i�a� �ha�� �
made �t"iro+ae�h � �ss a� s�a1e s���te� ar, a� ��ty ���p��al Sit�
whgra 5csl$ �y���� ��� not �a�I�i3��i�. by c��lverti�g voiume� �L
soii� Wrsst� Co t�'i� o�' scaifd Wn�ta �t tha �gre�d [1��� r+ag�� �i� �
1J3 cubic y�� �� �mmgac��c� &aiid W��ta �o ano ton �� So1.id
fTasta nx�d $ �/3 cukxic yards +o� nonca�2�G��d SolS:d Waat� to art�
tan #� Sal�d Waste. 'Tbe de��.roflirta�foas +�€ arhether ax�y �art�cular
So11d tiWa�t� d�iiver�fl Ca b, d.isp�sa� a�te �+y �ny p$rsc��t is �rsam
�he. City or �r;�m aCller a�ea9 4� the C��pty �ha�� b� d�t�rmined 'kay
'�� �+��y thsa-ug� s�cla mett�ad$ or syrstem� as th� �ity� at�d th�
COxanty �l�a�3 �,cc�r�e and d��� ap��vpria�e.
E. Rev�mue z�llocated +�cs Ai�ra�y Heic�h�s �1�aY1 be �emitt�� t�
}4irway F3aigYsts gua�"te�l�� An� ir��re�� g�rra�e� on th� �li�aca;�l�
x�v��i��s ��a�3 be r�i�tg+d tC� ll�xway F[eigh'��.
F. Aix°way H�iqht's a�1Cr�able r�v�nu��. includ�r�g intei'�.s�
eas�i#�s tY�ere�n, m�y �e �ns�d �or �1�� follatirin� gu�'osess
(�] 'I'� pay land£ill alasure ����� attri�ut�Te +to AirbraY
��}�gh�s.
(2� Ta �u�d a r�s�rve fo� £va�t�r� Tairit4�i11 �n�ts�.
��� �a gay ath�e�` colie����n ��st� fr�� Ais�,+a�]� H�ighCs.
{d} Ax�� oth$� 1a�1�i1I g�t�pas�.
2ct� 5: 'UT�I,ITY TA]C.
If th� Cl�ty oT ttx� C�un�y shauld i3npsss� �, u�.iift� tax �en ttie
��,spt����, o� SOlid W���e �� th� �y�te�, th$ gtoc��d� +�� th2�t.
u;tility tax Qn d'lsg�s�� �� Sc�lic�, wasta gerser�'t�� wiCf�in Y2'4�
G�t�xxCy �kSaii k�� sha���, ����r t�►� d:�duction o� a��, app=$p��g'��
an� r�a�oneble a�air�ist�ative �a�ts, b�tweexx ths� �i�y, th� �ounty
�tx� the ��qi�rt��i Ci��e9 propvr���nate��y ha��d upon the tvn$ at
So1�d W��t� d�lfver�d ta ths Syg�m f��m Ct3� !City, the d�giomt�l.
Citi�s, �nd �5� tans c�f Sa�i� Y��st� delive��� ta td�e syste� #ir�
crther eou�ces. '�he ail+����ion nf �Y�# t�x wi�l �S� pur��xax�� to th�
m��riad �p��ified Sr� SecCic�a �� of thi� �.g��em�nt.
5
Sectivn a: vP'��E o� 'THE Cot�7�'Y C�*+��'NSIVE saLZ� w�STE
MA�t�AG£��`I' r I.A2,i.
Pursua,zt� to Ft� 70.95.D80, Aisway' Haiqhta tsereb}* axxthc4riz�s .
#h� �i�y t�s p�e�a�� � p3axx fcr Air{.�ay Hcriqhts ��1�� kaarst� �anagre-
mea� a� a pa�k af t�t� r+aviaivrrs t� th� S�xo�taae G�A#i�Cy Cam�rek�.er��
aiV� S�li� wa�ta bfaria�g�mexs'G Plan Up�la�� it� 3983 ��d ��ret'y fiVe
(S] Ya�►rs t�eraaftar, in���tti�rag g��pa�at�ot� o� a Local Hazard�ua
p7ast� Piasx, a Recyelfn� Flan a,t�id ax�y ���rirar,me�xt�,l. do�um�x�t�
�equireti t����f�r. TYa� C�.t�r �vi�l p�av�,�� draf�� a� ttia upc�ate
arsd ao+�ify Airway Heights o! ��etixs�� r�gardirtg the upda�ta. '1'he
P�an and an�' updates wi11 �� �r,�3�mi�t� to A�rwdy Fi�ic�h^�a !ar
t��ir a�psv�v�,a�, .,_
Secti�r� B: A3�NOm�Nfi.
A�n�r�dmant 4t tk�f� Ar��e�m�zxt m�y be 1a�d� o!u'y � writt�r�
�t�reemment of �h�a !�2irtie�.
SeC�ian 9: YDUS�7aT'IOH ANID R'�t214A'�'I01�.
A. '��ii� Ac�reemant �ha�i he €or t2�s t�rm �# :E5 yea�C� �� �0�.
such le�x���r t�x� a� t�� �Qri�s 199� 8aru�� oa tuty l��$�t�,orqal �otxd�
rea��111 C�axtstandinga
�. �hir� Agr�eeme�t ���► �e t�rminated �arly enl� by wri�t�n
aqreem�erxt o� the �12�L^'C�.�s.
�. "rhi� Agt`pemen� eha�i �+a r�a��r��d �tu�offiatical3y �o�° eu�-
aes�iv$ 20-yed� t�1�ms unT��e eitlx�r psrt�r aqr�ss nat to �ene'� i'�.
S���ia�i_{�: F[EA�IIdGS.
'�`hs �e�etion he�dit�gs �,� th�s Ac}r��m�nt hrrva �een ins�Pted
so��ly �or the p�tt�,s4s� oP ��[fv�ixi�3�c� and ready re��r�n��. Yn nv
way da +��y pur�aort to. �.q�A �ha�l lr�ot b� deemed tc, ii�it +a��
�xten� the eaopa ox ir�tent ra� tlxe �ea�inrsa t� �hieh they apply,
s�ctss�n�l: �. �t�x�� Cor��x��b �F�rt�.
T1tis AgY�esaent cantains �,ll o� t.�:e ter�� and coxui�tions
agseed u�ox� 9��r t,ha p�l�tSes. t�ce ot���C u�ads��tand�nqs, ora� �r
�others�rise, �eeq��di�tg +Ch� �su#je�t m�a���� ot tEsis �4gr�emen� aha�l
b� d�eme� �o e,xist or '�� birad �ny a£ t.h� px�.L't.ie� hgreto. 'Yh�
part��� �ave read and ur�d�ratand ai1 of thig A,c��e���nt, ar�ci r�r�oa
s��t� tk��t �so representation, From,iee, v� ��'r��t�t1t not �aepree��d
4tx th1�s Aqrsem�r►� has been mada tc iadtYGe tA� p����� ta� eir��t�t�
C$� �d��.
�; FILi�G Clr '3fi� P.GI��N!'.
1'h� �Cf�y o� Spok�►ne and �►ixw�ty tieiqhta� st�a11 lfl� thia Ag€��nt
w�,�� th�e resg���iu� �ity elerks and ±th� Ci�y sh�s�l �il� t�i� Ac�rae-
���t w�.th �ha �p°�k$ne Ga�nty ��ditos a�d �eCr�'�a�ry �f sta��e.
6
�gnt�ert iz: SEV��tSY�ITY.
in the av��t a�� provisia� of �txis Agreaate�� s�all ba �e-
c3ar�� by a e��rt aP c�mg�tant �usiadictiv� �d i� invali�, .
i1l�gai, or aa��ni�r��a�sis� Ckte v�lid�ty, legali�� a�s� e��or��-
ability a� �he remal�nirsq pr�r�sifln� �h�Li n�t, irs aawy way, b�
a�f�cted nr iffipaire� �hereb3�.
�e�tian 14: SFF�CR'I'UE L�ATE.
'�'his �ree�e�� sha�13 b��cxa� ef��ettve ima�ed�ate�y af'��r �t i�
�ttbg at3npC�d by �,h� Snaxd of �pok�r�� C+�unt�r Com��.s��ot���. �ttd 'th�
�csun�ils og �Y�e Cities a� 3po�� a�� Af�Ara�v I�ei�'�.�a.
�37 �r7YTNE55 Wf�RE�F eaGY� 4� #�e pa�C3e� ts��x� exg�uteci t�ig
Akgr�eman� by tk��ir duly autlxol��Za� o�fic$ai�.
DATED thie �� deiy oY ,�'r�C-�c��- , I989.
CI'1'Y +DF SPO�
8*�: �,L[lGt. �", �c�'-
� � I�cH�ili, Mayar
`��~"".� ��r�.+�
�e . �cvax,
City �San�ger
A�.C�s�;
.� i
�✓�L�-a���.,_` .��c� . �[�.d� `�'� � .
�C ty �1�k ' ;� �
� Txpp�nv�d as �� F'oxms
.cdGs
Assis�an'k. C ty AttQrr«y
[]A�EI� �k�.�s � _ �dtxy �f �,����'CJ� __. J.9�9.
S�DISA�+TE COTIl�Y, S�i4SHING�ON
� .
�. M� I e P hai,rr�an
� .
Pat eYr �omm s� aner
St Hdsaon, Comm s�ic�ner
7
� �33121 c0218 YOI. � U �� �.�AGE 3 2�
���Q� /
�+`�U`,i1:i006�� ,
� ' 4�°� 89- ��.g
AN INTERIACAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPOKANE,
SPOKANE COUNTY AND THE CITY OF CHENEY
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
RECITALS Y��. 1 U '7 9���E � �5 �G
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city
duly organized and existing ..under .and by �irtue of the laws of . � '
the State of Washington (the "City") ,. and the County of Spokane,
a class A county duly organized and existing under and by virtue
of the laws of the State of Washington (the "County") , have the
power to control the management, handling and disposal of solid
waste ('�solid waste management") within the City and unincorpo-
rated area of the County (the "region") , respectively;
WHEREAS, the City of Cheney (hereinafter �'Cheney�') is a city
duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the constitu-
tion and laws of the State of Washington, and has the power to
control solid waste management within the City of Cheney; and.
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management
Plan for the region ("Plan") , which Plan was adopted by Cheney;
and
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a neces- '
sary solid waste management system and plan including appropriate
waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter control pro-
visions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vendor selection
process, and after. :due.,,consideration of the environmental, �.
social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including
public and governmental comment, and observance of applicable
federal, state, and local procedures, the City and County estab-
lished a cooperative project for the manaaement, handling and
disposal of solid waste generated within the City and the unin-
corporated areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal _
Cooperation Agreement by a joint Resolution adopted on November
3 , 1987, as superseded by an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
adopted by the City and County on October 10, 1988 (hereinafter
collectively referred to as the ��County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement") ; and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal •,C9operat��o�s,..,
Agreement has agreed to exercise its police powers,� and design2cte
the System, as the site for disposal of solid waste collected
within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein; and
�± � ' - • [�, �:�.» �'+
��' . .
1
Ol. �. � �� �' �AGE � � J j �l(1��� �PAGE 3
�
WHEREAS, Cheney now desires, in consideration for the City
handli.ng the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to agree to
exercise its police power and authority to designate the System
as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under its control;
� NOW, THEREFORE, BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREBY
AGREED AS FOLLOWS: . '
Section 1: DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Agreement, the following words shall have
the following meanings, unless the context dictates otherwise: �
A. Chenev shall mean the City of Cheney, Washington an
optional municipal code city of the State of Washington.
B. Annual Budget shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal �
Year, as adopted or amended by the City in accordance with
Section 8. 12 of the Bond Ordinance.
• C. Citv shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first
class charter city of the State of Washington.
D. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington a class A
county of the State of Washington.
E. Countv Interlocal Cooperation Agreement shall mean the
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City and the County
for the ownership, financing and management of the system and any
amendments thereof.
F. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery
steam and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuarit
to the Construction Contract; such facility is the "Facility" as
such term is defined in the Construction Contract.
, G. Recrional Cities_ shall mean all incorporated cities and
towns in Spokane County, except the City of Spokane, which has
entered into, or hereafter enters into a Regional city Interlocal
Agreement.
H. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean
all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or
in Tiquid form except liquid-carried industrial wastes and
sewage, and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes,
swill, demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or
parts thereof, discarded home and industrial appliances, manure,
digested sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid
materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials or
Hazardous Waste. All materials deposited in cans or containers
for collection, (other than Recyclable Materials or Hazardous
Waste) , shall be deemed Solid Waste.
2
VOI. 1. Ur1 � �dGEi1 `� � Ol, 1Uh ��AGE :�
I. Svstem shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System comprised of all property, real or
personal, tangible, or intangible that is now owned or hereafter
acquired by the City and is used or useful by the City (i) in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste
generated within the City's boundaries and (ii) in connection
with the disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected else-
where and delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date
hereof, the System includes, without limitation, (a) the City's
Northside landfill, (b) the right of the City to dispose of Solid
Waste at the county's Mica Landfill pursuant to the County Inter-
local Agreement, and (c) the City's refuse. _collection system and �
all facilities and equipment. appurtenant thereto., together with
all equipment, rolling stock facilities, properties, whether real
or personal, and vehicles necessary or incident thereto.
All capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined, �
shall have the meanings given to them in the Bond Ordinance.
Section 2 : PURPOSE.
The purpose of this Agreement is to establish the participa-
tion of Cheney in the System.
Section 3 : SOLID WASTE TO SYSTEM.
A. Cheney hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to exer-
cise its police power and authority to direct the deposit of
Solid Waste generated within its geographical boundaries to the '
System.
B. The following are specifical.ly exempted from the provi-
sions of subsection A: ,
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including
storage and handling facilities, minor reclamation of scrap
._ metal, ,glass,, .disc.ar�ed,.clothing, pager,_ and their. associated
facilities which leads to resale or reuse of said material where
no charge is made for collection or disposal to the originator.
(2) Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken
concrete, broken asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the
surface of the ground whereby such depositing is ,to be temporary
in nature, graded, and otherwise worked to fill an existing
depression or low area of ground.
(3) Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under the
surface of the ground when said waste is being utilized primarily '
for fertilized or a soil conditioner, or is being deposited on
ground owned or leased by the person responsible for the produc-
tion of said waste as long as depositing such waste does not
create a nuisance.
3
� v�-i-U Ei �PA�E �.��
vc�. 1U � 9 �n�E1 � 55
(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been
issued a Permit by a local, state or federal agency to be
operated, maintained or managed for that purpose.
(5) Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or
under the surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has
otherwise been issued a Permit by a local, state or federal
agency to be operated, maintained, or managed for this purpose.
(6) Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill
site. � � �
(7) Recyclable Materials as defined by the Cheney Recycling
Plan.
Section 4 : ADMINISTRATION. �
A. The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms
and conditions of the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. The City will provide Cheney with a copy of the Annual
Budget for the System.
C. A representative of the Regional Cities will be a non-
voting member of the Liason Board established by the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES.
A. The Tipp'ing Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at �
the System shall be that established by the City. Tipping Fees
shall be uniform for the same class of service, except that
Tipping Fees at the System�s transfer stations and the Facility
may differ to reflect the costs of transporting Solid Waste from
the transfer stations to the facility. The City has included and
shall continue t.o ,.include in .,the Tippi.ng. fee a "landfill closure ;
component" which will be allocated between the City, the County,
and the Regional Cities as provided herein and in the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. The System shall allocate to Cheney a portion of the
revenues from the landfill closure component of the System's
tipping fees. Such allocation of Revenues shall be in the same
proportion that Cheney�s Solid Waste generated and delivered to
the System bears to the total non-City �Solid Waste generated in
the County and delivered to the System each year. The portion of
non-City Solid Waste generated and delivered to the System by �
, Cheney shall be determined by the population of Cheney compared
to the total non-City population of the County or by such other
mechanism as may be mutually agreed upon by the City, the County
and Cheney.
, 4
r�o�. 1 U 7 9 �a�E � 15 G
Regional Cities for landfill closure purposes within the
limitations set forth in the Couny Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement. -
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure
component of the Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect the
actual proportions based upon weight of Solid Waste delivered or
caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City,
County, and Regional Cities. The determination of the total
weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered to the
system by the City, the County, and Regional Cities, shall be �
made through the use of Scale systems or, at �any Disposal Site
where Scale Systems are not -avai�3.able, -b� converting volumes af
Solid Waste to tons of Solid Waste at the agreed upon rages of 3
1/3 cubic yards of compacted Solid Waste to one ton of Solid
Waste and 6 2/3 cubic yards of noncompacted Solid Waste to one
tone of Solid Waste. The determination of whether any particular
Solid Waste delivered to a disposal site by any person �s frem
the City or from other areas of the County shall be determined by
the City through such methods or systems as the City and the
County shall agree and deem appropriate.
E. Revenue allocated to Cheney shall be remitted to Cheney
quarterly. Any interest earned on the allocable revenues shall
be remitted to Cheney.
F. Cheney�s allocable revenues, including interest earnings
thereon, may be used for the following purposes:
(1) To pay landfill closure costs attributable to Cheney. .
(2) To fund a reserve for future landfill costs.
(3) To pay other collection costs for Cheney.
(4) Any other landfill purpose.
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City or the Countv should impose a ut�?�ty tax on the
disposal of Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that
utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated within the
County shall be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate
and reasonable administrative costs, between the City, the County
and the Regional Cities proportionately based upon the tons of
Solid Waste delivered to the System from the City, the Regional
Cities, and the tons of Solid Waste delivered to the System from
other sources.
5
�1U b 1rbGE ��
YOL 1U � 9aAGE � 15 "7
Section 7 : UPDATE OF THE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Pursuant to RCW 70.95. 080, Cheney hereby authorizes the City
to prepare a plan for Cheney solid waste management as a part of
the revisions to the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Plan Update in 1989 and every five (5) years there-
after, including preparation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan, a
Recycling Plan and any environmental documents required therefor.
Cheney is preparing its own Recycling Plan.
Section 8: AMENDMENT. � -
Amendment of this Agreement may be made �only by written
agreement of the parties.
Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION.
A. This Agreement shall be for the term of 25 years or for -
such longer tena as the Series 1988 Bonds or any Additional Bonds
remain Outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by written
agreement of the parties.
C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for suc-
cessive 20-year tenas unless either party agrees not to renew it.
Section 10: HEADINGS.
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted �
solely for the purpose of convenience and ready reference. In no
way do they purport to, and shall not be deemed to, limit or
extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply. �
Section 11: ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED HEREIN.
This Agreement contains all of the terms and conditions
agreed upon by the parties. No other understandings, oral or
otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall
be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The
parties have read and understand all of this Agreement, and now
state that no representation, promise, or agreement not expressed
in this Agreement has been made to induce the parties to execute
the same.
Section 12 : FILING OF THE AGREEMENT.
The City of Spokane and Cheney shall file this Agreement
with the respective City Clerks and the City shall file this
Agreement with the Spokane County Auditor and Secretary of State. �
6
_ . _. _
1 --. � Ul � rAGE1 � Jb �
. 1U61pa�� 3
Section 13 : SEVERABILITY.
In the event any provision of this Agreement shall be de-
clared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid,
illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforce-
ability of the remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be
affected or impaired thereby.
Section 14: EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Agreement shall become effective immediately :after it
is duly adopted by the Board of Spokane County Commissioners, and �
the Councils of the Cities of Spokane and Cheney.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties have executed this
Agreement by their duly authorized officials.
DATED this '-�� day of � 1989.
C TY OF SPOKANE
. , � /�„, �
� By: . ��/��
Vickie McNeill, Mayor
G ��� .
Ter L. N ak,
City Man ger
Approved as to form: .
�) �
`�`��� �� �: �� �, pss � c.�tr ,� . .
�,.~ L...AT��`.�*�'� -• •
. �"'=:-y �-
r� '•t�,'.f� : . ..
J �•�1��.� . . �
•,
' •�,
• '• w'L:7 t�(^r . ..
... ��� t� . -
. � .� !� �ATED this day of , 1989.
SPO COUNTY, WASHINGTON
`
} :w:fif���. • .�Y.. . B • .
' �1'• ' '•I� . 4'•�
.r, . _� �� R. M r e
. .....,
��f 9 3 �I� r�� Pat ey, ��'
�,.. .. ... ��
'�:• � St H son, Commissioner
�,:•�.. � , . ���,. _
_ �,,
, . • , AM��ON
. 7
.
�d�►��`��..,
. � 1U 61�a�� __.--
,
.:
ATTES . Approved: y�l � �j r19 racE 115 9
,: ..��
. .,
� -
iil 'am,- + LZonahue Marshall R. Farnell
C1�rl���.rth�rSoard Chief Administrative Officer
.: � ..
� � ��i :^ .
.�+ �'� .' �
'ti .►
:`F'••.....�''Lo _
�X�hE
•...:•�-...�-=
Approved� as to Form:
James P. Emacio,
Chief Civil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
Attest: City of Cheney
_ G- ' gy. �
City Clerk Mayor
Appr ed as to fo � �
it At rney •
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THIS IS A TRUE �
AND EXACT COPY OF AGREEMENT No. 89-0965 �
ADOPT�D BY THE BOARD OF SPOKANE COUNTY
COMMISS 'S ON September 28, 1989
DATE HI 28thDAY F December, 1989
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AN INTERLOCp,L AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPOKANE,
SPOKANE COUNTY AND THE CITY OF DEER PARK
�
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. '
� RECITALS
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city
duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of �
the State of Washington (the ��City") , and �he County of Spokane,
a class A county duly organi�zed and existing��under and by virtue
of the laws of the State of Washington (the Count
power to control the management, handling and disposal ofVSOlid
waste (��solid waste management") within the City and unincor-
porated area of the County (the '�region") , respectively;
WHEREAS, the City of Deer Park(hereinafter "Deer Park��) is a
city duly organized and. existing under and by virtue. of thE
constitution and laws of the State of Washington, and has the
power to control solid waste management within the City of Deer
Park; and '
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management
Plan for the re ion '�Plan" �
g ( ) , which Plan was adopted by nee�- . __ ._.. . . �
Park; and
wHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a neces- �
sary solid waste management system and plan including appropriate
waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter control pro-
visions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planninq and the completion of an
adequate environmental impact statesnent and v.endor selection
process, and` 'after due consideration of the environmental,
social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including
public and governmental comment, and observance of applicable
federal, state, and local procedures, the City and County estab-
lished a cooperative project for the management, handling and
disposal of solid waste generated within the City and the unin-
corporated areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement by a joint Resolution adopted on November
3, 1987, as superseded by an interlocal Cooperation_ Agreement
adopted by the City and County on October 10, 1988 (hereinafter
collectively referred to as the ��County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement") ; and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement has agreed to exercise its police powers, and designate
the System, as the site for disposal of solid waste collected
within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein; and
1 �
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WHEREAS, Deer Park now desires, in consideration for the
City handling the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to agree
to exercise its police power and authority to designate the
System as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under its
control;
NOW, TFiEREFORE, BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREBy
AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1: DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Agreement, the following words shall have
the following meanings, unless the :context `dictates otherwise:
A• Annual Budqet shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal
Year, as adopted or amended .by the City in accordance with
Section 8.12 of the Bond Ordinance.
B. Citv shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first
class charter city of the State of Washington.
C. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington a class A
county of the State of Washington.
D. Countv Interlocal Cooperation Aareement shall mean the
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City and the County
for the ownership, financing and management of the system and any
amendments thereof.
E. Deer Park shall mean the City of Deer Park,
Washington an optional municipal code city of the State of
Washington.
F. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery '
steam and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuant
to the Construction .,Contr.act• such ;facility is the "Facility�� as
such term is` defined in. the Construction. Contract.
G. Recxional Cities shall mean all incorporated cities and
' towns in Spokane County, except the City of Spokane, which has
entered into, or hereafter enters into a Regional City Interlocal
Agreement.
Ha Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean
all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or
in liquid form except liquid-carried industrial• wastes and
sewage, and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industxial wastes,
swi11, demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or
parts thereof, discarded home and industrial appliances, manure,
digested sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid
materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials or
Hazardous Waste. Al1 materials deposited in cans or containers
for collection, (other than Recyclable Materials or Hazardous
Waste) , shall be deemed Solid Waste.
2 _
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I. System shall mean the existing Spokane RegionaJ.. Solid
Waste Management System comprised of all property, real or
personal, tangib].e, or intangible that is now owned or hereafter
acquired by the City and is used or useful by the City (i) in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste
generated within the City's boundaries and (ii) in connection
with the disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected else-
where and delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date
hereof, the System includes, without limitation, (a) the City�s '
Northside landfill, (b) the right of the City to dispose of Solid
Waste at the county�s Mica Landfill pursuant to the County Inter-
local Agreement, and (c) the City's refuse collection system and � ,
all facilities and equipment appurtenant thereto, together with
all equipment, rolling stock faci3ities, properties, whether �real
or personal, and vehiales necessary or incident thereto. The
City refuse collection system will be accounted for and all
expenses of the collection will be at the expense of the city not
the System.
Al1 capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined,
shall have the meanings given to them in the Bond Ordinance.
Section 2: PURPOSE.
The purpose of this Agreement is to establish the participa-
tion of Deer Park in the System.
Section 3: SOLID WASTE TO SYS`a�EM.
A. Deer Park hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to
exercise its police power and authority to direct the deposit of �
Solid Waste generated within its geographical boundaries to the
System.
B. The following are specifically exempted from f�he provi-
sions of subsection A: .
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including
storage and handling facilities, minor reclamation of scrap -
. metal, glass, discarded clothing, paper, and their associated
facilities which leads to resale or reuse of said material where
no charge is made for collection or disposal to the originator.
(2) Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken �
concrete, broken asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the
surface of the ground whereby such depositing .is to be temporary
in nature, graded, and otherwise worked to fill an existing i
depression or low area of ground.
(3) Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under the
surface of the ground when said waste is being utilized primarily
for fertilized or a soil conditioner, or is being deposited on
ground owned or leased by the person responsible for the produc-
tion of said waste as long as depositing such waste does not
create a nuisance.
. 3
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(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or undex the
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been
issued a Permit by a local, state or federal agency to be
operated, maintained or managed for that purpose.
(5) Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or
under the surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has
otherwise been issued a Permit by a local, state or federal
agency to be operated, maintained, or managed for this purpose.
(6) Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill ' �
site.
C. The. Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Mangement
plan will address disposal of all types of waste. The City and
County will include Deer Park in planning for and opportunities
for proper disposal of exempt waste.
Section 4: ADMINISTRATION.
A. The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms
and conditions of the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. The City will provide Deer Park with a copy of the
Annual Budget for the System.
C. A representative of the Regional Cities will be a non-
voting member of the Liason Board established by the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES.
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at
the System shall be that established by the City. Tipping Fees
shall be uniform for the same class of service, except that
Tipping Fees at the ,.s.ystem'.s,;transfer stations and the Facility
may differ to reflect the costs of transporting Solid Waste from
the transfer stations to the facility. The City has included and
. shall continue to include in the Tipping Fee a "landfill closure
component'� which will be allocated between the City, the County,
and the Regional cities as provided herein and in the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement. The Tipping Fees will not be
used for payment of City of Spokane collection costs.
-� B. If Deer Park is determined to have liability under
Initiative 97 or the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) or other applic�ble state
or federal law in connection with any landfill, the System shall '
allocate to Deer Park a portion of the revenues from the landfill ?'
closure component of the System's tipping fees. Such allocation
of revenues shall be in the same proportion that Deer Park�s
� Solid Waste generated and delivered to the system bears to the
total non-City Solid Waste generated in the County and delivered
to the System each year. The portion of non-City Solid Waste �
4
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� generated and delivered to the System by Deer Park shall be
determined by the population of Deer Park compared ta the total
non-City population of the County or by such other mechanism as
may be mutually agreed upon by the City, the County and Deer
Park.
C. The landfill closure component of the Tipping Fee will
be increased or decreased periodically as deemed necessary by the
City to generate the amount of funds required by the County or
Regional Cities for landfill closure purposes within the
limitations set forth in the County Tnterlocal Cooperation
Agreement.
D. Allocation of the• revenues �from t�e landfill closure
component of the Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect the
actual proportions based upon weight of Solid Waste delivered or
caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City, �
County, and Regional Cities. The determination of the total
weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered to the
system by the City, the County, and Regional Cities, shall be •
made through the use of Scale systems.
E. Revenue allocated to Deer Park shall be remitted to Deer
Park quarterly. Any interest earned on the allocable revenues
shall be remitted to Deer Park.
F. Deer Park's allocable revenues, including interes� �
earnings thereon, may be used for the following purposes:
(1) To pay landfill closure costs attributable to Deer
Park. �
(2) To fund a reserve for future landfill costs.
(3) To pay other collecton costs for Deer Park.
(4) Any other landfill purpose.
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
' If the City or the County should impose a utility tax on the
disposal of Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that
utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated within the
County shall be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate
and reasonable administrative costs, between �he City, the County
and the Regional Cities .proportionately based upon the tons of
Solid Waste delivered to the System from the City, the Regional
Cities, and the tons _of Solid Waste delivered to the System from
other sources. The allocation of the utility tax will be deter-
mined in the manner spec�.fied in Section 5C of this Agreement �
5 �
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Section 7: UPDATE OF THE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MP.NAGEMENT PLAN. �
Pursuant to RCW 70.95. 080 (3) , Deer Park hereby authorizes
the County acting independently, or through its consultants or
agents, to prepare a plan for Deer Park soI.id waste management as
a part of the revisions to the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid '
Waste Management Plan Update in 1989 and every five (5) years
thereafter as provided in RCW 70.95.110, or as required by the
Washington State Department of Ecology under RCW 70.95.100. The
1989 revisions, as well as subsequent amendments to such plan,
may include the preparation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan, a �
Recycling Plan and any environmental dccuments required there-
fore. The City will provide -drafts� �of the Plan �and any updates �
and will notify Deer Park of ineetings in regard to the same. The
Plan and any updates will be submitted to Deer Park for their
approval.
Section 8. INDEMNIFICATION.
A. By this Agreement, Deer Park will not incur any
liability for bonds issued by the City of Spokane to finance
System improvements or environmental or other liabilities. This
Agreement does not restrict the City�s ability to establ�sh
Tipping Fees based on all liabilities and expenses of the System.
B. Deer Park agrees to indemnify and defend the County and
City from any loss, cost or expense caused solely by the negli-
gence or willful misconduct of Deer Park,. its employees, or
agents in connection with the services to be performed b� API -
under the terms of this InterlocaZ Agreement.
C. The County and City agree to indemnify and defend Deer
Park from any losss, cost or expense caused solely by the negli-
gence or willful .misconduct of County or City, their employees,
or agents in connection with the obligations of each undez the
terms of this Agreement.
Section 9: AMENDMENT.
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written
agreement of the parties.
Section 10: DURATION AND TERMINATION.
A. This Agreement shall be for the term of 25 years or for
such longer term as the Series 1988 Bonds or any Addit�,onal Bonds
remain outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by written
agreement of the parties. '
C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for suc-
cessive 20-year terms unless either party agrees not to renew it.
� 6
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Section 11: HEADINGS.
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted
solely for the purpose of convenience and ready reference. In no
way do they purport to, and shall not be deemed to, limit or
extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply.
Section 12: ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED HEREIN.
This Agreement contains all of the terms and conditions
agreed upon by the parties. No other understandings, oral or
otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement sha11
be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The
;.
parties have read and unders'ta�id ali of this Agreement, � and now
state that no representation, promise, or agreement not expressed
in this Agreement has been made to induce the parties to execute
the same.
Section 13 : FILING OF THE AGREEMENT.
The City of Spokane and Deer Park .shall file this Agreement
with the respective City Clerks and the City .shall file this Agree-
ment with the Spokane County Auditor and Secretary of State.
Section 14: SEVERAgIL2TY.
In the event any provision of this .Agreement shall be de-
clared by a court of competent juri.sdiction to be invalid,
illeqal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality and en�orce-
ability of the remaining provisions shal]- not, in any way, be
affected or impaired thereby. �
Section 15: EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Agreement shall become effective immediately after it is
duly adopted by the Board of Spokane County Commissioners, and the
Councils of the Cities of Spokane and Deer Park..
IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties have executed this
Agreement by their duly authorized officials.
DATED this � day of
_, 199�. .
CITY OF SPOKAN�
- BY���e T..
��r ��^�
Sheri S. •Bernard, Mayor
"- L��� '
Te ry . Novak, �
City Manager
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Attest:
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- - � Apprpved �as to Form: �
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• Assi,s t. i' y Attorney
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�� �� �' DATED is day of
� 1991 �.
. SPOKANE C W INGTON
By:
Stev Hasson, hairman
C
� R.. Mc i e, Commissioner
f '�.�� • . � at Mummey, Commissioner
ATT •` - � Approved:
.
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Wi liam E. Donahue Marshall R. Farnell `
Clerk of the Board Chief Administrative Officer
Approved as to Form:
James P. Emacio,
Chief Civil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
' Attest: City cf Dee Park
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By. G�- -
City Clerk Ma or
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T:11:..�--'J CERTI S IS A TRUE AlVD `n'���;.:.; �. ���N1:4UE
Ct�AAE�COF' FT1�IEOAIGINALDOCUMEAIT �ilUj7�UR
NV. � ONFItE1Ni'HE . SPOKA�lE. CUUNTY. 1YASH.
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"�OF1�"��0� INTEROFFiCE .
xo. 91 0484
BEFORE THE BOARD OF COUNTY CONII�lISSIONERS OF SPOKANE COU*:^�', WA.
IN THE MATTER OF EXECUTTDTG AN )
INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN ) R E 5 O L U T I 0 N
THE CITY OF SPOKANE, SPOICA�i$- )
COUNTY AND THE CITY OF DEER ) .
PARK CONCERNING THE SPORANE )
REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGE- )
ME�7T SYSTEM )
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class char.��er r:ty, d,vl j�
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of ihe State
of Washington (the "City") , and the County of Spokane, a Class A
county duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws
of the State of Washington (the "Couzty") , have the powex to
control the management, handling and disposa] of solid waste wit�hin
the City and unincorporated areas of the County, respectively; and
WHEREAS, the City of Deer Park, (hereinafter "Deer Park") i�
a city duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the •
constitution and laws of the State of Washington, and has the power
to control solid waste management within Deer Park; anc�
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management Plan
for the region, (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), whict, Plan
was adopted by Deer Park; and
WHEREAS, the City and the County initiated the Spokane
Regional Solid Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop
a necessary solid waste management system and plan including '
appropriate waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter
control provisions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning, the completia�i of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vendor selection
process, and after due consideration of the environmental; social,
technical, economic and other relevant factors, including public
and governmental comment, and observance of applicable federal,
state and local procedures, the City and County established a
cooperative project for the management, handling, ai�d disposal of
solid waste generated within the City and the unincarparated areas
of the 'County by exeeution of an Interlocal Cooperatior� Agreement '
by joint resolution adopted on November 3; 1987, as supprseded by
an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement adopted by the City and County
on October 10, 1988; and
WHEREAS, the County, by the Interlocal Cooperation Agreement,
has agreed to exercise its police powers and designate the Spokane
Regional Solid Waste Management System for the disposal of solid ,
waste collected within the unincorporated area of the County by its
Flow Control Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein;
and
WFiEREAS� Deer Park. naw desa.res; in CC1T,�4C7,(�P_r2.t]_�?P. f�_lY t�^e G_.tj
handling the disposal of soiid waste at the Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System, to agree to exercise its police power and
authority to designate the Spokane Regional Solid Waste Management
System for the.disposal of solid waste under its control;
NOW,- THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the.Board of County Cormnis-
sioners of Spokane County, that either the Chairman of the Board of
County Commissioners of Spokane County, or a majority of the Board,
be and is hereby authorized to execute that document entitled "An
Interlocal Agreement Between the City of Spokane, Spokane County
and the City of Deer Park", pursuant to which, under certain terms
and conditions, Deer Park agrees, in consideration for the City
handling the disposal of solid waste at the Spokane Regional So�id •
Waste Management System, to exercise its police power and authority
to designate the Spokane Regional Solid Waste Ma agement System for
the disposal of solid waste under its control.
PASSED AND ADOpTED this �'�-- day of ._ Z991.
BOARD OF COMM IONERS
OF SPO O , WASHINGTON
� ven Ha on
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Jonri R� Br�.c��–�—'
�
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Patrlcia A. Mummey
ATTEST:
WILLIAM . DONAHUE,
Clerk f e Board
By
Deputy Clerk
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vOl. � �. � �PAGE ����
AN AGREEMENT. BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPOKANE, ` -
SPOKANE COUNTY AND FAIRCHILD AIR FORCE: BASE
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM • '
RECITALS Q�n g� '_8��
WHER£AS, •The City of Spokane, a first class charter city,
duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of �
the State of Washington (the "City") , and the County of Spokane,
a Class A county duly organized ard existing under and by virtue
of the laws of the State of Washington (the "County") , have the
power to contra� the management, handling and disposal of solid
waste ("solid waste management") within the City and unincorpo-
rated area of the County (the "region") , respectively;
WHEREAS, Fairchild Air Force Base (hereinafter, "Fairchild")
is a military reservation located within the boundaries of
Spokane County; and
WHEREAS, The City and County initiated the Spokane Regional.
Solid Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a neces-
sary solid waste management system and plan including appropriate
waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter control pro-
visions; and
wHEREAS, After years of planning and the completion of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vendor selection �
process, and after due consideration of the environmental,
social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including
public and governmental comment, and observance of applicable
federal, state and local procedures, the City and County estab-
lished a cooperative project for the management; handling and
disposal of solid waste. generated within the City and the unin-
corporated areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement by a joint Resolution adopted on November
. 3, 1987, as superseded by an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
( adopted by the City and County on October 10, 1988 (her.einafter
collectively re�erred to as the "County InterlocaT :Cooperation
Agreement") ; and '
WHEREAS, The County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement, has agreed to exercise its police powers and designate
the System as the site for disposal of solid waste collected
within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance, subject to the exception set forth therein; and �
WHEREAS, Fairchild, in consideration for the City handling
the disposal of Solid Waste a�� the System, agrees to direct .the
Solid Waste under its control to the System for disposal ; --
. NOW, THEREFORE, . T`il•^.;3�0 CERTIFY THIS 1S A tRUE A,ND
Cc)RREC i COPY OF THE ORI(31NAL DO(�JiNENT
NU.L/�� �ON Flf.E!N
OOi���:.<iS EA8 MINIITES OF /O � O
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BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS :
Section 1: DEFINITIONS. -
As used in this Agreement, the following words shall have
the following meanings, unless the context dictates otherwise:
A. Annual Budget shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal
Year, as adopted vr amended by the City in accordance with
Section 8. 12 of the Bond Ordinance.
B. Citv �shall mean the City of Spokane., Washington_, a first �
class charter city o� the State of Washington. .
C. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington, a Class A
county of the S�ate of Washington.
D. Countv Interlocal Coot�eration Aqreement shall mean the
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City and the County
for the ownership, financing and management of the system and any
amendments thereof.
E. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery
steam and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuant
to the Construction Contract; such facility is the "Facility'� as ;
such term is defined in the Construction Contract. �
F. Fairchild Air Force Base shall mean the military air
base located within Spokane County.
G. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean �
all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or
in liquid form, except liquid-carried industrial wastes and sew-
age, and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes,
swill, demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or
parts thereof, discarded home and industrial appliances, manure,
digested .sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid mate-
rials. Solid Waste may not include Recyclable Materials and does
not include Hazardous Waste. All materials deposited in cans or
containers for collection (other than Hazardous Waste) shall be
deemed Solid Waste.
H. Svstem shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System comprised of all property, r.eal or per--
sonal, tangible or intangible, that is now owned or hereafter
acquired by the City and is used or useful by the Ci�y (i) in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste gener-
ated within the .City's boundaries and (ii) in connection with the
disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected elsewhere and
delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date hereof, the -
System includes, without limitation: (a) ths City's Northside
Landfill; (b) the right of the City to dispose of Solid Waste at
the County' s Mica Landfill pursuant to the County Interlocal
Agreement; and (c) the City' s refuse collection system and all
facilities and• equipment appurtenant thereto, together with all
2
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equipment, rolling stock facilities, properties, whether real or
personal, and vehicles necessary or incident thereto.
All capitalized terms used herein which are not defined
shall have the meanings given to them in the Bond`Ordinance.
Section 2 : PURPOSE.
. The purpose of this Agreement is to establish Fairchild's '
participation in the System.
Section 3�: SOLID WASTE TO SYSTEM.
A. Fairchild hereby �ovenants; agrees•-and �contracts to -
direct the deposit of Solid Waste generated within its geograph-
ical bouridaries•to the Sys�em.
B. The following are specifically exempted from the provi-
sions of subsection A: . - -- _ . -
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including stor-
age and handling facilities, minor reclamation of scrap metal,
glass, discarded clothing, paper, and their associated facilities
which leads to resale or re-use of said material where no charge -
is made for collection or disposal to the originator.
. (2) Depasiting soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken
concrete, broken asphalt and similar ��nert .was�es ontc: the sux-� ._ . .
face of the ground whereby such depositing i� to be temporary in
nature, graded and otherwise worked to fill an existing depres-
sion or low area of ground.
, (3) Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under the
surface of the ground when said waste is being utilized primarily
for fertilizer or a soil conditioner, or is being de�osited on .
ground owned or leased by the person responsible for the produc� �
tion of said waste, as long as depositing such waste does not
create a nuisance.
(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been
issued a Perrnit by a local, state, or federal agency �o be oper-
ated, maintained, or managed for that purpose.
(5) Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or
under the surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has
otherwise been issued a Permit by a local, state, oz federal
agency to be operated, maintained, or managed for this purpose.
(6) Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill .
site.
C. The Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management '
plan will address disposal of all 'types of waste. The City and
County will include Fairchild in planning for and opportunities ,
3 '
. •
. .. �
� voi. 114 S���� 1'7 8 �
for proper disposal of exempt waste.
D. Fairchild will have the opportunity to participate in _
System programs, including recycling and composting.
Section 4 : ADMINISTRATION.
A. The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms
and conditions of the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. The .City will provide Fairchild with a copy of the
Annual Budget for the System. .
Section 5: TIPPING FEES. �
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at
the System shall be that established by the City. Tipping Fees �
shall be uniform for the same class of service, except that
Tipping Fees at t.he System's transfer stations and the Facility
may differ to reflect the costs of transporting Solid Waste from
the transfer stations to the facilit�. The City has,included, and
shall continue to include in the Tipping Fee,� a "laridfill closure
component" which will be allocated between the City, the County,
the Regional Cities and Fairchild, as provided herein and in the
County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. The System shall alloca,te to Fairchild a portion of the
Revenues from the landfill closure coinponent of the System's �
Tipping Fees. Such allocation of Revenues shall be in the same
proportion that Fairchild's Solid Waste generated and delivered
to the System bears to the total non-City Solid Waste generated .
� in the County and delivered to the System each year. The portian
of non-City Solid Waste generated and delivered to the System by
Fairchild shall be determined by the actual tonnage of Solid
Waste or by such other mechanism as may be mutuall.y agreed upon
by the City, the County and Fairchild.
C. The `total landfill closure comgonent of the Tipping Fee
will be increased or decreased periodically as deemed necessary
by the City to generate the a•iaount of funds required by the
County or Regional Cities.
D. Allocation of the Revenues from the land�ill closure
component of the Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect the
actual proportions based upon the weight of Solid Waste delivered
or caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City,
County, Regional Cities and Fairchild. The determination of the
total weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered
by them to the System shall be made through the use of Scale
Systems. The determination of whether any particular Solid Waste _
delivered to a Disposal Site by any person is from Fairchild or
from other areas of the County shall be determined by the City
through such methods or systems as the City and the County shall .
agree and deem appropriate. Fairchild agrees to take reasonable
measures to assure that Solid Was�e delivered to the System from
4
. .
� �� VOL. 1 �. � ��AGE1�8 �
Fairchild is generated solely by Fairchild.
E. Revenue allocated to Fairchild shall be remitted to _ '
Fairchild, annually, by September lst of each year. The payment
shall be based upon actual tonnage for all months' for which
tonnage is available and an estimated tonnage for any month that
actual tonnage is unavailable. Any interest earned on the allo-
cable Revenues shall be remitted to Fairchild.
Section 6: UPDATE OF THE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Pursuant to RCW 70.95. 080j3) , Fairch�ild hereby authorizes
the County, acting independentl� or �throug� its consultants � or
agents, to include Fairchild's solid waste as a part of the
revisions to th'e Spokane Caunty Comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Plan Update in 1989 and every five (5) years there- �
after, as provided in RCW 70.95.110, or as required by the
Washington State De}�artment of Ecology under 70.95. 100. The 1969
revisions, as well as subsequent amendments to such plan, may
include the preparation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan, a
Recycling Plan and any environmental �documents required there-
for. The City will provide drafts of the Plan and an� updates,
and will notify Fairchild of ineetings in regard to the same.
Section 7: AMENDMENT.
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by ,w�i�tten
agreement of the parties.
Section 8 : DURATION AND TERMINATION.
• A. This Agreement shall be for the term of twenty-five (25)
years or for such longer term as the Series 1988 Bonds or any
Additional Bonds remain Outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by writt;en
agreement of the parties as provided herein:
1. If Fairchild is closed, this Agreement may be terminated
upon 180-day notice to the City and County. ,
2. Fairchild demonstrates to the City's satisfaction that
it has available an optional solid waste disposal n�ethod which is
20� cheaper than the cost of disposal with the System, equally v
protects the environment and human health and compla.es with all
substantive state and federal regulations.
C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for suc-
cessive 20-year terms unless either party agrees not to renew it. .
Section 9: HEADINGS.
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted
solely for the purpose of convenience and ready reference. In no
5 � �
. . , �
� � Vnl. �_ �. 4 �PAGE 1�8 8
way do they purport to, and shall not be deemed to, limit or
extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply.
Section 10: ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED HEREIN.
,
This Agreement contains all of the terms and conditions
agreed upon b.y the parties. No other understandings, oral or �
otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall
be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The
parties have read and understand all of this Agreement, and now
state that no representation, pramise, or agreement not expressed
in this Agreement has been made to induce the parties to execute
the same. . . '
Section 11: SEVERABILITY.
. �
In the everit any provision of this Agreement shall be de- �
clared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid,
illegal, or unenforceable,- the validity, legality and enforce-
ability of the remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be
affected or impaired thereby.
Section 12: EFFECTIVE� DATE.
This Agreement shall become effective immediately after it
is duly adopted by the Spokane County Board of Commissioners, the
City Council of the City of Spokane and Fairchild.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Each of the parties has execufed this
Agreement by its duly authorized officials.
s/ZC
DATED this 7��--� day of � , 1990.
CITY OF SPOKANE, WASHTNGT�N
.
By•
y ...:.,.._ . : •
Sheri S. Bernard, Mayor
-�'—'
� BY� �._�� �� ��v�y,
Terry L. Novak, City Manager
Attest:
.� '
City C1 rk
Approved as to form: � _
A sistant City Attorney .
��
� -
6
.
� � . . . �
� � '� � � YO1. 114 b���E 17 S 9
DATED this day of , 1990. _ -
SPOKAtJ NTY`, WASHINGTON
By: �
• Ste ss , Chairman
. �
- Jo n R. Mc r , ommissioner
' at Mummey, ommissioner .
AT : : _ = - APProved:
W liam E. Donahue Mar hall R. Farnell
Clerk of the Board Chief Administrative officer
Approved as to form: -
James P. Emacio
-- Chief Civil Deputy �
, Prosecuting Attorney ,
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
a.����� .
gy; 22 Sep 90 �.
Arnold L. Weinman, Colonel
USAF Commander
RECC(��ED
FfLEC Cii :tcCG::u�D � ,
p C(��� i•-: r.F' __l.C�/�.iL_.. "^i�-�L�
rti�_ C.:.i .,:.
Ocr 19 10 03 �1�� '00
1f/1LLll.l�i c`. DONE,E�UE
AUDITOR -
SPOKANE. COUNTY. tYASN.
,� 5:'�,:.lr��N
� � _ �;QG��ri,y�,��
7
_ _
� .
�C` ,/.
, . �• �
r��. y[� �ti12 1:' :�
BEFORE THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF SPOKANE COUN3'Y,
WASHINGTON
IN THE MATTER OF AUTHORIZING THE EXECUTION )
OF AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE )
CITY OF SPOKANE, SPOKANE COUNTY AND ) RESOLUTION
THE FAIRCHILD AIR FORCE BASE )
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington and the County of Spokane, a class A county duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington, have the power to control the management, handling
and disposal of solid waste within the City and unincorporated
areas of the County, respectively; and
WHEREAS, Fairchild Air Force Base is a military reservation located
within the boundaries of Spokane County; and
WHEREAS, the City and County' initiated the Spokane �tegional Solid
Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a necessary .
solid waste management system and plan including appropriate waste '
reduction and recycling provisions and litter control provisions; •
and .
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an adequate
environmental impact statement and vendor selection process, and
after due consideration of the environmental, soc.ial, technical,
economic and other relevant factors, including public and
governmental comment, and observance of applicable federal, state,
and local proceduYes, the City and County established a cooperative
project for the management, handling�and disposal of solid waste
generated within the City and the unincorporated areas of the
County by execution of an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement by a
joint Resolution adopted on November 3, 1987, as superseded by an
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement adopted by the City and County on
October 10, 1988; "and
WHEREAS, the County, by,the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
has agreed to exercise its police powers, and designate the System,
as the Site for disposal of solid waste collected within the
unincorporated areas of the County, by its Flow Control Ordinance
subject to the exception set forth therein; and
WHEREAS, the Fairchild Air Force Base now desires, in consideration
for the City handling the disposal of solid waste at the System,
to agrees to'direct the solid waste under its control to the Solid
Waste System for disposal.
BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED by the Board of Countg Commissioners of
Spokane County, Washington, that either the Chairman of the Board
or a majority of Board members is hereby authorized to execute that
certain agreement titled "An Interlocal Agree ent between the City
of Spokane, Spokane County and Fairchild Air orce Base" attached
hereto and incorporated herein by reference.
APPROVED BY THE BOARD this BOARD OF ,y.��,J�I Y COMMTSSIQNER�
16 day of Uctober, 1990. OF SPOK LT �TY, WASHINGTON
ATTEST: ST�.V SSO HAIRMAN
WILLIAM . DONAHUE �
CLERK �' HE BOARD
/c7 HI� R. MC E
BY: "'�
RO �NNE MONTAGUE, DEPUTY PATRICIA A. MUMMEY ,
FAIRCHILD.10 6
. .
• DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
92 CIVIL ENGINEERING SQUADRON (SAC)
` FAIRCHILD AIR FORGE BASE.WASHINGTON 9901 1-5000
• �
9 April 1992
Mr Phil Williams
Solid Waste Disposal Office
West 808 Spokane Falls Blvd .
Spokane WA 99201 �
Dear Mr Williams
In response to your request, the following information is furnished.
Fairchild AFB is pleased with the services provided and operation of the Waste
to Energy Plant. The Memorandum of Agreement between Fairchild AFB, City of
Spokane, and Spokane County is valid with no intention to change on our part.
We will continue to use the pro3ect unless either Section 8 or Section 11 of
the agreement become applicable.
Hopefully, this document is sufficient for your bond purposes.
Sincerely
.
��
FREDERICK L TTERKO
Deputy Bas ivil Engineer
� DEC-17-91 TUE 10�31 FAFB CONTRACTING OFFICE FAX N0, 15092475221 p, 02
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y� �2`�3 �0�. 114 7 racE 2 0 8
AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN TAE CITY OF SPORANE,
SPOKANE COUNTY AND THE CITY OF FAIRFIELD
SPORANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
• of Washington (the "City"� , and the County of Spokane, a class A .
county duly organized and--existi�g- urider� and by virtue of the laws
of the State of Washington (the ��County��) , have the power to control
the management, handling and disposal of solid waste (��solid waste
management") within the City and unincorporated area of the�' County
(the "region") , respectively;
WHEREAS, the City of Fairfield (hereinafter "Fairfield") is
a city duly organized and existing under and by virtue- of the
constitution and laws of the State of'Washington, and�has the
power to control solid waste management within the City of
Fairfield; and
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management
Plan for the region � (��Plan'�) , which Plan was adopted by ;
Fairfield; and
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a neces- '
sary solid waste management system and plan including appropriate
waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter control pro- '
visions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vendor selection
- process, and after due consideration of the environmenta7.,
social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including �
. public and governmental comment, and observance of applicable
federal, state, and local procedures, the City and County estab-.
lished a cooperative project for the management, handling and
disposal of solid waste generated within the City and the unin-
corporated areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement by a joint Resolution adopted on November
3, 1987, as superseded by an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
adopted by the City and County on October 10, 1988 (hereinafter
collectively referred to as the "County Interlocal Cooperation . � , �
Agreement") ; and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement has agreed to exercise its police powers, and deszgnate
the System, as the site for disposal of solid waste collected � '
within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein; and
1
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, �
� � � � voi. 114 "���cE 2 Q 9
WHEREAS, Fairfield now desires, in consideration for the
City handling the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to agree -
to exercise its police power and authority to designate the
System as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under its
control;
NOW, THEREFORE, BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREBY . '
AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1; DEFINITIONS. '
As used in this Agreement, �the °following words shall have
the following meanings, unless t�e�-context��dictates `otherwise:
A. Annual Budget shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal .
Year, as adopted or amended by the City in accordance with �
Section 8.12 of the Bond Ordinance.
B. Citv shaTl mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first
class charter city of the State of Washington.
C. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington a class A
county of the State of Washington.
D. County Interlocal Cooperation Aareement shall mean the
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City and the County
for the ownership, financing and management of the system and any
amendments thereof.
E. Fairfield shall mean the City of Fairfield, Washington .
a 4th class city of the State of Wasliington.
F. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery
steam and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuant
to the Construction Contract; such facility is the "Facility" as
such term is defined in the Construction Contract.
G. Regional Cities shall mean all incorporated cities and
towns in Spokane County, except the City of Spokane, which has
entered into, or hereafter enters into a Regional City Interlocal
Agreement. .
H. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean
all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or
in liquid form except liquid-carried industrial wastes and ',
sewage, and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes, ,
swill, demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or
parts thereof, discarded home and industrial appliances, manure,
digested sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid . ,
materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials or
Hazardous Waste. All materials deposited in cans or containers
for collection, (other than Recyclable Materials or Hazardous
Waste) , shall be deemed Solid Waste.
2 �
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VOI. � �. � ��AGE 210
I. System shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid _
Waste Management System comprised of all pr.operty, real or per-
sonal, tangible, or intangible that is now owned or hereafter
acquired by the City and is used or useful by the City (i) in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste gener-
ated within the City�s boundaries and (ii) in connection with the ,
disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected elsewhere and
delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date hereof, the -
System includes, without limitation, (a) the City's Northside
landfill, (b) the right of the City to dispose of Solid Waste at
the county�s Mica Landfill pursttant to -the County Interlocal
Agreement, and (c) the City!s refuse -co3.-3ec�ion -system and all -
facilities and equipment appurtenant thereto, together with all
equipment, rolling stock facilities, properties, whether real or
personal, and vehicles necessary or �incident thereto. � .
All capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined,
shall have the meanings given to them in the Bond Ordinance.
Section 2: 'PURPOSE.
The purpose of this Aqreement is to establish the participa-
tion of Fairfield in the System. '
Section 3: SOLID WASTE TO SYSTEM.
A. Fairfield hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to
exercise its police power and authority to direct the deposit of �
Solid Waste generated within its geographical boundaries to the
System. �
B. The following are specifically exempted from the provi-
sions of subsection A:
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including stor-
�-age and handli�ng facilities, minor �eclamation of scrap metal, '.
glass, discarded clothing, paper, and their associated facilities "
which leads to resale or reuse of said material where no charge
is made for collection or disposal to the originator.
(2) Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken
concrete, broken asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the
surface of the ground whereby such depositing is to be temporary
in nature, graded, and otherwise worked to fill an existing
depression or low area of ground. _ _
(3) Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under the
surface of the ground when said waste is being utilized primarily _ '
for fertilizer or a soil conditioner, or is being deposited on �
ground owned or leased by the person responsible for the produc-
tion of said waste as long as depositing such waste does not
create a nuisance.
3
, , .
� vo�. 114 '�PacE 211
(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been _
. issued a Permit by a local, state or federal agency to be
operated, maintained or managed for that purpose. `
(5) Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or
under the surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has ,
otherwise been issued a Permit by a local, state or federal
agency to be operated, maintained, or managed for this purpose.
(6) Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill
site. - -
C. The Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Mangement
plan will address disposal of all types of waste. The City and
County will include Fairfield in planning for and opportunities
for proper disposal of exempt waste.
Section 4: ADMINISTRATION.
A. The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms
and conditions of the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. The City will provide Fairfield with a copy of the Annual
Budget for the System.
C. A representative of the Regional Cities will be a non-
voting member of the Liason Board established by the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES. � �
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at
the System shall be that established by the City. Tipping Fees
shall be uniform for the same class of service, except that
Tipping Fees at the system's transfer stations and the Facility
may differ �to reflect the. costs of transporting Solid Waste from `
the transfer stations to the facility. The City has included and
shall continue to include in the Tipping Fee a ��landfill closure
component" which will be allocated between the City, the County,
and the Regional cities as provided herein and in the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement. The Tipping Fees will not be
used for payment of City of Spokane collection costs.
B. If Fairfield is determined to have liability under the
Model Toxics Control Act (Initiative 47) or ..the Comprehensive �
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) �
in connection with any landfill, the System shall allocate to
Fairfield a portion of the revenues from the landfill closure
component of the System's tipping fees. Such allocation of �
� revenues shall be in the same proportion that Fairfield's Solid
Waste generated and delivered to the system bears to the total
non-City Solid Waste generated in the County and delivered to the �,
System each year. The portion of non-City Solid Waste generated
4
YOI. 1 � � '��AGE 2�. 2
and delivered to the System by Fairfield shall be determined by
the population of Fairfield compared to the total non-City popu-
lation of the County or by such other mechanism as may be -
mutually agreed .upon by the City, the County and Fairfield.
C. The landfill closure component of the Tipping Fee will .
be increased or decreased periodically as deemed necessary by the
City to generate the amount of funds required by the County or .
Regional Cities for landfill closure purposes within the. limita-
tions set forth in the Couny Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure
component of the Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect the
actual proportions based upor� -wei�ht of �So�°i�d �Waste� delivered or
caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City,
County, and Regional Cities. The determination of the total
weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered to the �
system by the City, the County, and Regional Cities, shall be
made through the use of Scale systems. The determination of
whether any particular Solid Waste delivered to a disposal site
by any person is from the City or from other areas of the County
shall be determined by the City through such methods or systems
as the City and the County shall agree and deem appropriate.
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City or the County should impose. a utility tax on the
disposal of Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that
utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated within the
County shall be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate
and reasonable administrative costs, between the City, the County
and the Regional Cities proportionately based upon the tons of
Solid Waste delivered to the System from the City, the Regional.
Cities, and the tons of Solid Waste delivered to the System from
other sources. The allocation of the utility tax will be deter-
mined in the manner specified in Section 5C of this Agreement
' ' Section" 7:' `'UPDATE OF THE' COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Pursuant to RCW 70.95.080 (3) , Fairfield hereby authorizes
the County acting independently, or through its consultants or
agents, to prepare a plan for Fairfield solid waste management as
a part of the revisions to the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management Plan Update in 1990 and every five (5) years
thereafter as provided in RCW 70.95. 110, or as required by the
Washington State Department of Ecology under 70.95. 100. The 1990
revisions, as well as subsequent amendments to such plan, may
include the preparation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan, a
Recycling Plan and any environmental documents required there- .
fore. The City will provide drafts of the Plan and any updates
and will notify Fairfield of ineetings in regard to the same. The
Plan and any updates will be submitted to Fairfield for their
approval.
5
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vo�. 114 '����� 2� 3
Section 8: AMENDMENT.
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written
agreement of the parties.
Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION.
A. This Agreement shall be for the term of 25 years or for
such longer term as the Series 1988 Bonds or any Additional Bonds
remain outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by written
agreement of the parties. ' � " - -
C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for suc-
cessive 20-year terms unless either party agrees not to renew it.
Section 10: IiEADINGS.
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted
solely for the purpose of convenience and ready reference. In no
way do they purport to, and shall not �be deemed to, limit or
extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply.
Section 11: ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED HEREIN.
This Agreement contains all of the terms and conditions
agreed upon by the parties. No other understandings, oral or
otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall
be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The
parties have read and understand all of this Agreement, and now .
state that no representation, promise, or agreement not expressed
in this Agreement has been made to induce the parties to execute
the same.
Section 12: FILING OF THE AGREEMENT. •
The City of Spokane and Fairfield sha11 file this Agreement
with the respective City Clerks and the City shall file this
Agreement with the Spokane County Auditor and Secretary of State.
Section 13 : SEVERABILITY. .
In the event any provision of this Agreement shall be de-
clared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid,
illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforce-
ability of the remaining proaisions shall not, in any way, be
affected or impaired thereby.
Section 14: EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Agreement shall become effective immediately after it is
duly adopted by the Board of Spokane County Commissioners, and the
Councils of the Cities of Spokane and Fairfield.
6
� . . \ VOI. � �. � l�AGE 2� �
IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties have executed this
Agreement by their duly authorized officials.
DATED this _ ;��� day of , 1990.
CITY OF SPOKANE
BY� �t_�-�� �c�.�l
Sheri Barnard, Mayor
_�-
���,�, G� /!/%lv��i
. . _ __�'erry -L." vak, �--
...._ �... e_._,__ ._ - -�ity-�ianager -
Attest: � �� ,
, ` .`� . �
City Cler. .
Approved as to Form: �` -
� . . � �
'� �.t: '� � �* .�.
(,.. .L�T �e�. wn i/
Assistant i�ttorney �� �
DATED this day of , 1990. ;
SPOKANE CO Y WASHINGTON
�, .
By:
' sso , Chai n
.
Pat Mummey, Commzssioner :
�
.�.„ J hn R. i e, Commissioner
�
T ST• ;, ,_ , , Approved:•
�
....a _ � `�" \� "� 1��.
� � ��-��
William E. Donahue Ma�shall R. Farnell
Clerk of the Board Chief Administrative Officer
Approved as to Form:
James P. Emacio,
Chief Civil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
7
_ __ . _ _
. . . . . .
� � � � � YOI. .� � � "�PAGE 2�15
Attest: City of airfield
�
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�'/1'�1.L� / � � �'�`��Sy`r.y l�{/�[�r _ �'-,�.' ,, j r.l - .
f '�1
City .Clerk � " ayor
Appr�o ed as to form:
���
Ci y Attorney . _. - _ .
TH�s I$TO OERTi�Y TMS iSAT�lE A7VD
COPY.OF T1�ORKiINAL OQ[XJIIAEiY•
� G -�� j� p{�FN.E IN
oonn�r a�rwir�s 9v
Mt3 11 OR. % ,ts9�
P.K OF THE BOARO .
RcC���r�
FlLED Gr. 5�'C;,:;?`�� •
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�REESE
SPOKANE. CO�U�TY, ;;'ASy,
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�}���...�..,i-s
No. :.��` s�.2�3
' BEFORE THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF SPOKANE COUNTY,
WASHINGTON
IN THE MATTER OF AUTFiOR2ZING THE EXECUTION )
OF AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE )
CITY OF SPOKANE, SPOKANE COUNTY AND ) RESOLUTION
THE CITY OF FAIRFIELD )
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington and the County of Spokane, a class A county duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington, have the power to control the management, handling
and disposal of solid waste within the City and unincorporated
areas of the County, respectively; and
WHEREAS, tt�e City of Spangle, is a city duly organized and existing
under and by virtue of the constitution and laws of the State of
Washington, and has the power to control solid waste management
within the. City; and
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional Solid •
Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a necessary
solid waste management system and plan including appropriate waste
reduction and recycling provisions and litter control provisions;
and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an adequate
environmental impact statement and vendor selection process, and
after due consideration of the environmental, social, technical,
economic and other relevant factors, including public and
governmental comment, and observance of applicable federal, state,
- and local procedures, the City and County established a cooperative
project for the management, handling and disposal of solid waste
generated within the City and the unincorporated areas of the
County by execution of an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement by a
joint Resolution adopted on November 3, 1987, as superseded by an
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement adopted by the City and County on
October 10, 1988; and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
has agreed to exercise its police powers, and designate the System,
as the Site for disposal of solid waste collected within the
unincorporated areas of the County, by its F1ow Control Ordinance
subject to the exception set forth therein; and =
WHEREAS, the City of Fairfield now desires, in consideration for
the City handling the disposal of solid waste at the System, to
agree to exercise its police power and authority to designate the
System as the sole site for disposal of solid waste under its
control.
BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED by the Board of County Commissioners of
Spokane County, Washington, that either the Chairman of the Board
or a majority of Board members is hereby authorized to execute that
certain agreement titled "An Interlocal Agr ment between the City
of Spokane, Spokane County and the City t Fairfield" attached
hereto and incorporated herein by referenc .
' APPROVED BY THE BOARD this BOARD o!�' UNTY COMMISSIONERS
9 day of October, 1990. OF UNTY, WASHINGTON
ATTES : STEV �N SON, AIRMAN
C ER THE BOARD �
J . M DE
BY•
R ANNE MONTAGUE, EPUTY PATRICIA A. MUMMEY
faixfldWE.100
�..r:� � , �
� ��'D 7.33 �GL. �. � �1 �'rAGE � 1 i �� O�� 9/-s/S
�'LOh1202'�9 R�C�f1�`C�
�J!�Y 0 'i i�:;l
AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPOKANE,
SPOKANE COUNTY AND THE CITY OF LATAH OFfICE OF Tt:� C��7 a,T;_:�...' . ;
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
RECITALS
WFiEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the
State of Washington (the "Cit�") , and the County of Spokane, a
__ - class A county duly organized and. existing..under and by virtue of
the laws of the State of Washington (the "County") , have the
power to control the management, handling and disposal of solid
waste ("solid waste management") within the City and unincor-
porated area of the County (the "Region") , respectively;
WHEREAS, the City of Latah (hereinafter "Latah'�) is a city
duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the constitu- "
tion and laws of the State of Washington, and has the power to
control solid waste management within the City of Latah; and
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management
Plan for the Region ("Plan") , which Plan was adopted by Latah;
and
WFiEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a neces-
sary solid waste management system and plan including appropriate �
waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter control pro- �
visions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vendor selection
process, and after due consideration of the environmental,
social, technical, ec.onomic and other relevant factors, including
public and governmental comment, and observance of applicable
federal, state, and local procedures, the City and County estab-
lished a cooperative project for the management, handling and
disposal of solid waste generated within the City and the unin-
corporated areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement by a joint Resolution adopted on November
3, 1987, as superseded by an Interlocal Cooperation?A,greement •
adopted by� the City and County on October 10, 1988 (Yierei�a€ter � •
collectively referred to as the "County Interlocal Cooperation ` �• �� �:,�
Agreement") ; and � ` �`
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal :COOperation
Agreement has agreed to exercise its police powers, and °designate '
the System, as the site for disposal of solid waste collected � - { ;,-:
within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein; and
:��. o:33 1 � . ^
_ � :;
,;, . : .
��:�:;��.�:,:c:.:�:��:. �_._� .. .. . _. ._ _ _
. ,
, ' Yo�. 119 '7�acE 1 i � �
. WHEREAS, Latah now desires, in consideration for the City
handling the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to agree to
exercise it�s police power and authority to designate the System
as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under its control; !
NOW, THEREFORE, BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREBY
AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1: DEFINITIONS. �
As used in this Agreement, the following words shall have
the following meanings, unless the context dictates otherwise:
A. Annual Budc�et shall raean the System budget for a Fiscal
Year, as adopted or amended by the �City in accordance with
Section 8. 12 of the Bond Ordinance. �
B. Citv shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first
class charter city of the State of Washington.
C. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington a class A
county of the State of Washington.
D. Countv Interlocal Cooneration Agreement shall mean the
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City and the County
for the ownership, financing and management of the system and any
amendments thereof.
E. Latah shall mean the City of Latah, Washington a fourth
class city of the State of Washington.
F. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery �
steam and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuant
to the Construction Contract; such facility is the "Facility" as
such term is defined in the Construction Contract.
G. Recrional Cities shall mean all incorporated cities and
towns in Spokane County, except. the City. .of Spokane, which has
entered into; or hereafter enters into a Regional City Interlocal
� Agreement.
H. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean
all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or
in liquid form except liquid-carried industrial wastes and
sewage, and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes,
swill, demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or
parts thereof, discarded home and industrial appliances, manure, •
digested sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid
materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials or
Hazardous Waste. All materials deposited in cans or containers
for collection, (other than Recyclable Materials or Hazardous -
Waste) , shall be deemed Solid Waste.
2
� , YOI. �. 1 g�PAGE 1 � �u e�
I. Svstem shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System comprised of all property, real or per-
sonal, tangible, or intangible that is now owned or hereafter
acquired by the City and is used or useful by the City (i) in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste gener- ;
ated within the City's boundaries and (ii) in connection with the
disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected elsewhere and
delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date hereof, the
System includes, without limitation, (a) the City's Northside
landfill, (b) the right of the City to dispose of Solid Waste at
the county's Mica Landfill pursuant to the County Interlocal
Agreement, and (c) the City's refuse collection system and all
facilities and equipment appurtenant thereto, together with all
equipment, rolling stock facilities, properties, whether real or
personal, and vehicles necessary or inciclent thereto.
All capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined,
shall have the meanings given to them in the Bond Ordinance.
Section 2 : PURPOSE.
The purpose of this Agreement is to establish the participa-
tion of Latah in the System.
Section 3 : SOLID WASTE TO SYSTEM.
A. Latah hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to exercise
its police power and authority to direct the deposit of Solid
Waste generated within its geographical boundaries to the System.
B. The following are specifically exempted from the provi-
sions. of subsection A: �
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including stor- '
age and handling facilities, minor reclamation of scrap metal,
glass, discarded clothing, paper, and their associated facilities
which leads to resale or reuse of said material where no charge
is made fo,r collection or disposal to the originator.
(2) Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken
concrete, broken asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the
surface of the ground whereby such depositing is to be temporary
in nature, graded, and otherwise worked to fill an existing '
depression or low area of ground.
(3) Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under tY�e
____. surface of the ground when said waste is being utilized primarily
for fertilized or a soil conditioner, or is being deposited on
ground owned or .leased by the person responsible for the produc-
tion of said waste as long as depositing such waste does not
create a nuisance. -
(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the � ;
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been
issued a Permit by a local, state or federal agency to be
3 �
�I�L. � � iJ Fr1 rb�E 1 �. � �.
operated, maintained or managed for that purpose.
�5) Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or
under the surface of the ground ataalocal�sstatetor federals
otherwise been issued a Permit by u ose.
agency to be operated, maintained, or managed for this p rp
(6) Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill .
site.
C. The Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Mangement
es of waste. The City and
plan will address disposal of all typ ortunities . for
County will include Latah in planning for and opp
proper disposal of exempt waste. _ .
Section 4: ADMINISZ'RATI�N.
The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms
p,, eement.
and conditions of the County Interlocal Cooperation Agr
will provide Latah with a copy of the Annual
g. The City ,
Budget for the System.
C. A representative ofBo rd establishediby thelCountynon-
voting member of the Liason
Interlocal Cooperation Aqreement.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES.
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid nasFeest
the System shall be that established by the City. Tipp g
shall .be uniform for ts��asetransferfstat ons�andc he Facility '
Tipping Fees at the sy
may differ to reflect the costs of transThetCityshasdincludedrand
the transfer stations to the Facilityin Fee a landfill closure
shall continue to include in the Tipp 5 �� the County, '
component" which will be allocated between the City,
and the Regional 'cities .as provided. herein ind Feeshwillunot be
Interlocal Cooperation AgreemeokaneTcollection costs.
used for payment of City of Sp
g. If Latah is determined to have liability under
Initiative 97 or the Comprehensive EnviroconnectionsWitheany m
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) ln ortion of the .
landfill, the System shall allocate to Latah a P stem's
revenues from the landfill closurerevenuesnshalltbe in the same
tipping fees. Such allocation of
proportion that Latah's Solid Waste generated and delivered to
the system bears to the total non-City Solid Waste generated in
The portion of
the County and delivered to the System each year. stem by
non-City Solid Waste generated ando ulationdof�Latahs�ompared to '
Latah shall be determined by the p P such other
the total non-City population of the County �hebCity, the County ,
mechanism as may be mutually agreed upon by
and Latah.
4 .
� � YOI. � 19l�QGE � lCi �
C. The landfill closure component of the Tipping Fee will
be increased or decreased periodically as deemed necessary by the
City to generate the amount of funds required by the County or
Regional Cities for landfill closure purposes within the limita-
tions set forth in the Couny Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure
component of the Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect the
actual proportions based upon weight of Solid Waste delivered or
caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City,
County, and Regional Cities. The determination of the total
weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered to the
system by the City, the County, and Regional Cities, shall be
made through the use of Scale Systems. The de�ermination of
whether any particular Solid Waste delivered to a disposal site
by any person is from the City or from other areas of the County
shall be determined by the City through such methods or systems �
as the City and the County shall agree and deem appropriate.
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City or the County should impose a utility tax on the
disposal of Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that
utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated within the
County shall be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate
and reasonable administrative costs, between the City, the County
. and the Regional Cities proportionately based upon the tons of
Solid Waste delivered to the System from the City, the Regional
, Cities, and the tons of Solid Waste delivered to the System from
other sources. The allocation of the utility tax will be deter-
mined. in the manner specified in Section 5C of this Agreement
Section 7: UPDATE OF THE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Pursuant to RCW 70.95. 080 (3) , Latah hereby authorizes the
County, acting. independently, or._through .its consultants or
agents, to prepare a plan for Latah's solid waste management as
part of the revisions to the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management Plan update in 1989, and every five (5) years
thereafter as provided for in RCW section 70.95. 110, or as
required by the Washington State Department of Ecology under RCW
70.95. 100. The revisions to the Spokane County Comprehensive
Solid Waste Management Plan update in 1989 as well as subsequent
amendments to such plan m�y include the preparation of a Local
Hazardous Waste Plan, a Recycling Plan and any environmental
documents required therefore as well as any requirements set
forth in chapter 70.95.RCW. The Plan and any updates will be �
submitted to Latah for their approval.
Section 8: AMENDMENT.
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written '
agreement of the parties.
5 �
- , `,
. . . ti01. .� � � '7�AGE9.. �� �
Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION.
A. This Agreement shall be for the term of 25 years or for
such longer term as the Series 1988 Bonds or any Additional Bonds
remain outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by written
agreement of the parties.
C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for suc-
cessive 20-year terms unless either party agrees not to renew it.
Section 10: HEADINGS. �
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted
solely for the purpose of convenience and ready reference. In no
way do they purport to, and shall not be deemed to, limit or �
extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply.
Section 11: ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED HEREIN.
This Agreement contains all of� the terms and conditions
agreed upon by the parties. No other understandings, oral or
otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall
be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The
parties have read and understand all of this Agreement, and now
state that no representation, -promise, or agreement not expressed
in this Agreement has been made to induce the parties to execute
the same.
Section 12: FILING OF THE AGREEMENT. .
The City of Spokane and Latah shall file this Agreement with
the respective City Clerks and the City shall file this Agreement
with the Spokane County Auditor and Secretary of State.
Section 13: SEVERABILITY.
In the event any provision of this Agreement shall be de-
clared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid,
illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforce-
ability of the remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be
affected or impaired thereby.
Section 14: EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Agreement shall become effective immediately after it
is duly adopted by the .Board of Spokane County Commissioners, and '
the Councils of the Cities of Spokane and Latah.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties have executed this
Agreement by their duly authorized officials.
6 '
� � ��.` ,
. YOI. � � 9 "�PAGE1 � � �
DATED this d?/�� day of
—�—�� , 19�
CITY OF SPOKANE
.
By:
n,�
Sheri Barnard, Mayor
�s:i:�: :.�.�. Y�. , ��
,o� g p o,� . . �.�� �-► �11�,�,�
;.,,.• q �� Terry L. Novak, ���
' ��. . _ . . . 'G � , City Manager
A .����:�:�� _�f�;' ��• �'_�� .
.� . . _ __.
� . �..; � � -
,i _ ;- ;: . _
t:y '��erk � .. .
.
�� . ,
� . ..'���:•" Vo�'''7,
Approve�dq�sH�A�'� . '
�� :��
;.�.,,, .,�''''_ •
"'� r r.
� .'' -
Assistant City Attorney
DATED this � q
day of � l�
SPOKANE COU �AS N TON
By:
Steven s , Commissioner
,....:,�:;.
. ,;.F�:�?��,_ ,= , h � R. McBride, C irman
: .'.�'`� .�.}';s`',� �
. �.i F, . �
. . • � . • �o K�,: a .
. �:;�,,,i l ' � 3 Patricia A. Mummey,
`� „•�.. I , Commissioner
� a.. .
ATTES : _ •-•-.•� '� Approved:
�'
, � ,
^-.. ..
Wil am E. Donahue Mar ha 1 R. Farnell
Clerk of the Board Chief Administrative Officer
as to orm: . - - . ,
L� ` . .. . ._ `
am Em �� ... . a-�J
hief ivil Deputy
ecuting Attorney ,I�;,y I� 3 �3 PH '��
�s�.. _,. . .i;;lit,iiUE
f.'.:J!7 0 ri
i F�,;r �POK:�;c� CCUHT'f. �IASH.
�
INTEROFFICE '�'��
. � � .
`✓�c'�-• �c"•�-�� x-�L.�
.arir�,�' . � '.
. • � .
. _,� ; �
� Yo�. �. 19 ��acE 1 �� �
Attest: City of Latah
C � . ���
City Clerk By� � '�-��i��
M'dyor `
Ap� ved as to form:
/;;:' C
� ��
Ci y Attorney
,
TH�`':3 70 CEP.TIFY THlS IS A TAUE A'� �
CURR C� COFY OF'tHE ORIGINAL DO(X1�ENT
1V0. �/;�jj.� ON FlLE IN TF�QpuNT�(
COPi. .., NERS MIN(lTE�S QF �
anTE ' S .,�� GAY ��� �/
BY: � --
RK OF THE BOARp
8 �
- , s a
No:��. U:33
BEFORE THE . BOARD OF COUNTY CONIIKISSIONERS OF SPOKANE COUNTY,
WASHINGTON
IN THE MATTER OF AUTHORIZING THE EXECUTION ) '
OF AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE )
CITY OF SPOKANE, SPOKANE COUNTY AND ) RESOLUTION
THE CITY OF LATAH )
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the Stat�
of Washington and the County of Spokane, a class A county duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State ,
of Washington, have the power to control the management, handling
and disposal of solid waste within the City and unincorporated
areas of the County, respectively; and
WHEREAS, the City of Latah, is a city duly organized and existing
under and by virtue of the constitution and laws of the State of
Washington, and has the power to control solid waste management
within the City; and
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane RegionaT Solid •
Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a necessary
solid waste management system and plan including appropriate waste
reduction and recycling provisions and litter control provisions;
and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an adequate
environmental impact statement and vendor selection process, and
after due consideration of the environmental, social, technical,
economic and other relevant factors, including public and �
governmental comment, and observance of applicable federal, state,
and local procedures, the City and County established a cooperative
project for the management, handling and disposal of solid waste
generated within. the City and the unincorporated areas of the
County by execution of an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement by a
joint Resolution adopted on November 3, 1987, as superseded by an �
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement adopted by the City and County on
October 10, 1988; and ,
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
has agreed to exercise its police powers, and designate the System,
as the Site for disposal of solid, waste collected within the 1
unincorporated areas of the County, by its Flow ControT Ordinance '
subject to the exception set forth therein; and
WHEREAS, the City of Latah now desires, in consideration for the
City handling the disposal of solid waste at the System, to agree
to exercise its police power and authority to designate the System
as the sole site for disposal of solid waste under its control.
BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED by the Board of County Commissioners of
Spokane County, Washington, that either the Chairman of the Board
or a majority of Board members is hereby authorized t execute that
certain agreement titled "An Interlocal Agreement b ween the City
of Spokane, Spokane County and the City of Latah" :at ached hereto
and incorperated herein•-b��-referEnoa.....-,_........,..,,: , . :�_��.,,���,�,,,;,,a. .--�:�.r;.;,•:-.�.-t-�.�,,..«,
APPROVED BY TEiE BOARD this BOARD OF CO SSIONERS
4 day of June, 1991. OF SPO , ASHINGTON
ATTEST: STEVEN HASSON, CHAIRMAN
WILLIAM . ONAHUE
C RK BOARD
OHN R. MCBRIDE
B '
. U ANNE; MONTAGUE, DEPU PATRICIA A. MUMMEY
� LATAHWE.O 04 �
j �
AGENDA SHEET FOR COUNCIL MEETING OF: s�T��x z2, aoo
�E�r�� �l � tI-or�A-1VE
r^� �
Submittinq Dept. Contact Person Phone No. S�� � � ���� ,
Regional Solid Waste System Damon Taam 625-6532 C�TY CLERK'S OFFi ,y . �>>��
ADMINISTRATIYE SESSION LECISLATIYE SESSION CITY PRIORIfl SPOKA�fE, �n1:� � j � > > >��
X Contract o Emergency Ord o Communications CLERK'S FILE Qp��.�lv�"���
o Report o Resolution o Economic Development RENEWS
o Claims o Final Reading Ord o Growth Management CROSS REF
o First Reading Ord o Human Services ENG
STANDING COMMITTEES o Special Consideration o Neighborhoods BID
(Date of Notification) o Hearin o Public Safety REQUISITION
o Finance o Public Safety X Quality Service Delivery Neighborhood/Commission/Committee Notified:
o Neighborhoods o Public Works o Racial Equity/Cultural Diversity
o Plannin /Communit &Econ Dev o Rebuild/Maintain Infrastructure Action Taken:
AGENDA
WORDIN6' �nterlocal Agreeement between City of Liberty Lake, City of Spokane and Spokane County
BACK6ROUND: The interlocal agreement provides that Liberty Lake joins the Spokane Regional Solid Waste
(Attach additional System as a regional city. It has been approved by the City of Liberty Lake.
sheet if necessary)
RECOMMENDATION: Approve Fiscal Impact x N�A Budget Account o N/A
o Expenditure: $ #
o Revenue: $ #
o Bud et Neutral
ATTACHMENTS: Include in Packets:
On file r eview in Office of City Clerk:
SIGN TUR :
� �
Depart nt Head i ' � n irect Fi nc �
� �
Le al ity A � trator for Mayor Council Presiden
DISTRIBUTION: City of Liberiy Lake
S�Icane County
. �pokane Solid Waste Project
COUNCIL ACTION:
APPROVED BY
SPOKANE C(TY COUNCIL: �
���o rn�on.����_�
�---�---� .
_-- � K ���'l
4p�cting �� CLER
�
�� � �.
�
� 4981740
10�14�2003 �01 54P
OFFICE 4F CITY CLERK RGR $30,04 Spokane Co, Wa
�n�������ff������1�����
Rpturn: � ��(� a�����.�� �
S okane Ci Clerk's Office
Sth Floor, 808 W. Spokane Falls Blvd
`d�okan�,WA 99201
rgb 03 06 06[formatted]
File na 3 ����1
File no.
File no.
1NTERLOCAL AGREEMENT (CH. 39.34 RCV�BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPOKANE,
SPOKANE COUNTY AND THE CITY OF LIBERTY LAKE
RE: SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly organized and existing
under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Washington (the "City"), and the County of
Spokane, a class A county duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the
State of Washington (the "County"), have specific powers and statutory duties relating to
planning and controlling the management, handling and disposal of solid waste ("solid waste
management")within the City and unincorporated area of the County, respectively, including
the development of a Solid Waste Management Plan under RCW 70.95;
WHEREAS, the City of Liberty Lake, WA, (hereinafter "Signatory Regional City"),
a non charter strong mayor-council code city duly organized and existing under and by virtue
of the constitution and laws of the State of Washington, likewise has specific municipal
statutory powers and duties relative to solid waste management within its jurisdiction; and
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Plan for the region ("Plan") on July 21, 1998, including revisions in Spokane
County Resolution No. 98-0602; and
' 4981740
I10�14(20D3 �01160P
OFFICE OF CITY CLERK AGR $30,� Spokane Co, WR
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 2
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional Solid Waste
Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a necessary solid waste management system and
plan, including appropriate waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter control
provisions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an adequate environmental
impact statement and vendor selection process, and after due consideration of the
environmental, social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including public and
g�Vernmen.tal .r,omment, and observation of applicable federal, state;, and local procedures,
the City and County established a cooperative proj ect for the management, handling and
disposal of solid waste generated within the City and the unincorporated areas of the County
� by execution of an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement by a joint Resolution adopted on
November 3, 1987, as superseded by an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement adopted by the
City and County on October 10, 1988, as superseded by Amended and Restated Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement between the Ciry of Spokane and Spokane County, WA on
April 10, 1989 (hereinafter collectively referred to as the "County Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement"); and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement has agreed
, to exercise its police and contract powers, and designate the System as the site for disposal of
solid waste collected within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance, subj ect to the exceptions set forth therein; and
WHEREAS, Signatory Regional City now desires, in consideration for the City
handling the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to agree to exercise its police powers to '
designate the System as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under its control;
. NOW THEREFORE, IT IS AGREED: .
Section 1: DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Agreement, the following words shall have the following meanings,
unless the context dictates otherwise:
A. Annual Bud�et shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal Year, as adopted or
axnended by the City in accordance with Section 8.12 of the Bond Ordinance.
B. Bond Ordinance means Ordinance C-29285, adopted January 9, 1989 by the
City of Spokane City Council.
� 4981740
1Q�14(2043 �01150P
OFFIGE OF CITY CLERK RGR $30,OD Spoka�e Co, Wk
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 3
C. Citv shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first class charter city of
the State of Washington.
D. County shall mean Spokane County, Washington, a class A county of the
State of Washington.
E. Countv Interlocal Cooperation Agreement shall mean the above referenced
County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City and the County
. for the ownership, financing and management of the system and any
amendments thereof.
F. Disposal Site means a site or sites approved by the Board of County
Commissioners for Spokane County or the Board's Authorized Designee,
where any final treatment, utilization, processing, or deposition of Solid
Waste occurs. This includes, but is not limited to, transfer stations (included
as part of the disposal system of the County), sanitary landfills, incinerators,
composting plants, and the location of a Facility for the recovery of energy
resources from Solid Waste or the conversion of the energy from such wastes
to more useful forms or combinations thereof.
G. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery steam and electric
generating facility constructed pursuant to the Construction Contract;
such facility is the"Facilit}�' as such term is defined in the Construction
Contract.
H. Hazardous Waste shall mean waste which, by reason of its composition or
characteristics is a toxic substance or hazaxdous waste as defined in the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 USC 6901 et esq., together with its
implementing regulations, or in the Toxic Substances Control Act(TQSCA,�, �5 USC 26C�1 �t
seq., together with its implementing regulations, or the definitions as promulgated by the
State of Washington as Dangerous Waste or Extremely Hazardous Waste, all as may be now
or hereafter amended from time to time.
I. Recvclable Materials shall mean those materials, other than Recovered
. Materials which are separated from Solid Waste, either by the generator at
the source of such Solid Waste or mechanically by the System at any
lawfully authorized transfer station, recycling facility, or other permitted
location, as the case may be, and which are capable of being returned to
the economic mainstream by the System. Recyclable Materials may
include, but shall not be limited to, bottles, aluminum cans,newspapers,
cardboard,paper materials, or other specific commercially marketable
items,where and only where such materials have been specifically sorted
4981740
- 10�1412403 �01180P
OFFICE OF CITY CLERK AGR $3Q,04 Spoka�e Co, WR
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 4
by the generator prior to collection and are collected apart from the
common municipal solid waste stream for commercial manufacture or
recycling.
J. Regional Cities shall mean all incorporated cities and towns in Spokane
County, including Signatory Regional City, except the City of Spokane,
which have entered into, or hereafter enter into a Regional City Interlocal
Agreement.
" K: Serile Svstem m�arts the sca.les, scale h�use, computer hardware and
software and associated equipment necessary to operate an automated
ticketing system.
L. Si atorv Regional Ci�means the City of Liberty Lake, WA.
M. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean all putrecible and
non-putrecible wastes,whether in solid or in liquid form except liquid-
carried industrial wastes and sewage. "Solid Waste"includes garbage,
rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes, swill, demolition and construction wastes,
abandoned vehicles or parts thereof, discarded home and industrial
appliances, manure, digested sludge, and vegetable or animal solid and
semi-solid materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials
. or Hazardous Waste. In addition, all materials deposited in cans or
containers for collection, (other than Recyclable Materials or Hazardous
Waste), shall be deemed Solid Waste.
N. Svstem shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System comprised of all property, real or personal,
tangible; or irtax�gihle that is now owned or her�after ac^�uire�i by t:�e City
which is used or useful by the City (i) in connection with the collection and
disposal of Solid Waste generated within the City's boundaries and (ii) in
connection with the disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected
elsewhere and delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date hereof, the
System includes, without limitation, the City's Northside Landfill, the City's
refuse collection system, and all facilities and equipment appurtenant thereto,
whether real or personal, and vehicles necessary and incident thereto.
O. Tippin Fee means the amount charged per ton of Solid Waste for disposal by
the System.
All other capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined, shall have the
meanings given to them in the Bond Ordinance. Otherwise they shall have the same meaning
4981740
10�14 J2003 �Q1150P
OFfICE OF CI?Y CLERK AGR $30.00 Spokane Co, WA
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 5
as used in other documents referenced in this agreement unless another specific document is
referenced.
� Section 2: PURPOSE.
The purpose of this Agreement is to establish the participation of Signatory Regional
City in the System as one of the Regional Cities.
Section 3: SOLID WASTE DIRECTED TO SYSTEM.
A. Signatory Regional City hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to exercise its
police and contractual powers and authority as may now or hereafter be
recognized in contract or at law to direct the deposit of Solid Waste generated
within its geographical boundaries to the System.
B. The following are specifically exempted from the provisions of subsection A:
1). Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including storage and
handling facilities, minor reclamation of scrap metal, glass, discarded
clothing, paper, and their associated facilities which leads to resale or
reuse of said material where no charge is made for collection or
disposal to the originator.
2). Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken concrete, broken
asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the surface of the ground
whereby such depositing is to be temporary in nature, graded, and
otherwise worked to fill an existing depression or low area of ground.
31. Depositing agric�a�tural Solid W�ste onto or under t1�.e s�arface of the
ground when said waste is being utilized primarily for fertilized or a
soil conditioner, or is being deposited on ground owned or leased by
the person responsible for the production of said waste as long as
depositing such waste does not create a nuisance.
4). Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the surface of the
ground at a Disposal Site that has otherwise been issued a Permit by a
local, state or federal agency to be operated, maintained or managed
for that purpose.
5). Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or under the
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site that has otherwise been issued
a Permit by a local, state or federal agency consistent with the
4981740
10�1412403 �01150P
OFFICE OF CI1Y CIERK AGR $30,40 Spokane Go, WA
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 6
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be operated,
maintained, or managed for this purpose.
6). Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill site;
"Woodwaste Landfill" being defined in the Spokane County Flow
Control Ordinance,No. 85-0395, section 2 II, adopted May 14, 1985.
C C. The Spokane County Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management Plan will address disposal of all types of waste.
" The City and County will inciude Signatory Regior�al �:ity in planning
for and opportunities for proper disposal of exempt waste.
Section 4: ADMINISTRATION.
A. Precise organization of entitv. The entity defined above as the System
has already been created. Signatory Regional City joins this System by
this agreement. The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms
and conditions of the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. The City will provide Signatory Regional City with a copy of the
Annual Budget for the System.
C. Although the City is the administrator of the System, a Policy Liaison
Board has been established by the County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement. The Liaison Board is composed of two delegates from the
� City of Spokane, two from the County, one from the City of Spokane
Valley (to be appointed) and one from the Regional Cities. Signatory
Regional City agrees to participate with the other Regional Cities, but
not incl_�a�in� the Citv of Snokane, the City of Spokane Valley or
Spokane County, in the selection and appointment of the Regional
Cities Liaison Board representative. The City and County agree to
support and assist Signatory Regional City's participation in the
Liaison Board through the Regional Cities Representative as may be
appropriate.
D. Holdin disposin� real personal property Any real or personal
property needed for System operations may be acquired, held and
disposed of by the City, as administrator under this agreement. The
City administers all special funds for System operations.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES.
4981740
10�1412603 �01154P
OFFICE OF GITY CLERK aGR $34,00 Spokane Co, WA
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 7
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at the System
shall be that established by the City. Tipping Fees shall be uniform for .
the same class of service, except that Tipping Fees at the System's
transfer stations and the Facility may differ to reflect the costs of
transporting Solid Waste from the transfer stations to the Facility. The
City has included and shall continue to include in the Tipping Fee a
"landfill closure component"which will be allocated between the City,
the County, and the Regional Cities as provided herein and in the
County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. If the Signatory Regional City is determined to have liability under
Initiative 97 (RCW 70.1O5D) or the Comprehensive Environmental
Response Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in connection
with any landfill, the System shall allocate to Signatory Regional City
a portion of the revenues from the landfill closure component of the
System's Tipping Fees. Such allocation of revenues shall be in the
same proportion that Signatory Regional City's Solid Waste generated
and delivered to the System bears to the total non-City [from sources
other than the City of Spokane] Solid Waste generated from all other
areas of Spokane County and delivered to the System each year. The
portion of such non-City Solid Waste delivered to the System by the
Signatory Regional City shall be determined by the population of the
Signatory Regional City compared to the total non-City population
[people living outside the City of Spokane in all other areas of
Spokane County] or by such other mechanism as may be mutually
agreed upon by the City,the County and the Signatory Regional City. .
C. The landfill closure component of the Tipping Fee will be increased or
- decreas��' period�cally as deemed ne�essary by the i ity to generate the
amount of funds required by the County or Regional Cities for landfill
closure purposes within the limitations set forth in the County '
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure component of the
Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect the actual proportions
based upon weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered
to the System each year by the City, County, and Regional Cities. The
determination of the total weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused to
be delivered to the system by the City, the County, and Regional
Cities, shall be made through the use of Scale Systems or, at any
Disposal Site where Scale Systems are not available, by converting
volumes of Solid Waste to tons of Solid Waste at the agreed upon
� 4981740
OFFICE OF CITY CLERK p�R 1��14J2063 �01160P
$30,00 Spokane Co, W�
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 8
ranges of 3 1/3 cubic yards of compacted Solid Waste to one ton of
Solid Waste and 6 2/3 cubic yards of non-compacted Solid Waste to
one ton of Solid Waste. The determination of whether any particular
Solid Waste delivered to a disposal site by any person is from the City
or from other areas of the County shall be determined by the City
through such methods or systems as the City and the County shall
agree and deem appropriate.
� E. Revenue allocated to Signatory Regional City if any shall be remitted
quarterly. Allocable re`•er_ues, in�luding in�erest earning5 thereon, may
be used for the following purposes:
1). To pay landfill closure costs.
2). To fund a reserve for future landfill costs.
3). To pay other collection costs.
4). Any other landfill purpose.
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City, County or Signatory Regional City should impose a utility tax on the disposal of
Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste
generated within the County, either from incorporated or unincorporated areas, shall be
shared, after the deduction of all appropriate and reasonable administrative costs,between the
City, the County and the Regional Cities proportionately based upon the tons of Solid Waste
delivered to the System from the City, the Regional Cities, and the tons of Solid Waste
delivered to the System-�rom ot�er sources. The allocatior. of the tax will be gursuant to the
method specified in Section SB of this Agreement.
Section 7: UPDATE OF THE COLTNTY COMPREHENSNE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Pursuant to RCW 70.95.080, Signatory Regional City hereby authorizes the County,
acting independently or through its agents or consultants, to prepare a plan for Signatory
Regional City solid waste management as a part of the revisions to the Spokane County
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update in 1989 and every five (5) years
thereafter, including preparation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan, a Recycling Plan and any
environmental documents required therefore. The County will provide drafts of the update
and notify Signatory Regional City of ineetings regarding the update. The Plan and any
updates will be submitted to Signatory Regional City for their approval.
4981740
14�14J2�3 �01150P
QFFICE 4F CI�I' CLERK RGR $30.OQ Spokane Co, WA
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 9
Section 8: AMENDMENT.
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written agreement of the parties.
Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION.
A This Agreement shall be for an initial term of 8 years or for such longer
term as any Bonds or Additional Bonds remain Outstanding.
B This Agreement can be terminated early only by written agreement of the
City of Spokane, Spokane County, and the Signatory Regional City. Upon
termination of the Agreement, the City shall own the System and all of its
assets. [cross reference, County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement, Sec.
5.2 e].
Section 10: HEADINGS.
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted solely for the purpose of
convenience and ready reference. In no way do they purport to, and shall not be deemed to,
limit or extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply.
Section 11: ADDITIONAL.
This Agreement contains all of the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties.
No other understandings, oral or otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement
shall be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The parties have read and
understand all of this Agreement, and now state that no representation,promise, or agreement
- not expressed in this Agreement h�s been mrade to induce the parties to execute the same.
Failure to enforce any term or condition in any one instance shall not be deemed waiver in �
other instance. This Agreement shall not be construed to favor any party.
Section 12: FILING OF THE AGREEMENT.
The City of Spokane and Signatory Regional City shall file this Agreement with the
respective City Clerks and the City shall file this Agreement with the Spokane County
Auditor and Secretary of State.
Section 13: SEVERABILITY.
In the event any provision of this Agreement shall be declared by a court of
competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
4981740
Pa e; 10 of 12
10�14J20Q3 01;50P
OFFICE OF CITY CLERK AGR $30,40 Spokane Co, WR
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 10
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be affected or impaired
thereby.
Section 14: EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Agreement shall become effective immediately after it is duly adopted by the
Board of Spokane County Commissioners, and the Councils of the Cities of Spokane and the
Signatory Regional City.
�V WITNESS :'�H�REOF:each of the parties �ave executed this A.b eement .by their duly
authorized officials.
DATED this o2�b`) day of �!�Yn{QP� , 2003.
CITY OF SPOKAN.E
.�..._.__.._._,___._
�
,,�) ;
By. G�� `� �/'� x
r �
�. John owers, or ,=�'�
a
�.....:- "� City dministrator
ATTEST:
� ~ � . ,�� SPpk
� � �� q�
Shirley M. Pip enger
Acting City Clerk
Approved as to Form:
-` `.`�k'`45,N i,���
Robert Beaumier ' jN�
Assistant City Attorney
ADOPTED by the Board of County Commissioners of Spokane County, Washington this
day of , 2003.
4981740
14�14 J24031 1 50P
OFfICE OF CIiY CLERK AGR $3Q,00 Spokane Co, WA
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 11
o� �o�js Jo oskelley�Ch�t�r
sl
0��4��r coG�o��''p
� :y i ���• �
m �._ � .: g . a 's.�Y'ce-Cha�r
v'.$ �' SEAL.•' .��
����, ��
.
M. at M lin, Commissioner
ATTEST: APPROVED:
� ^ � ` kN�-
aniela Erickson cine Boxer
Clerk of the Board Chief Executive Officer
. Approved as� Form:
r
= J 'es acio w-=����-. -
Chi ivil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
4981740
14�14(20032 11�P
4FFICE 4F CITY CLERK aGR $30,00 Spokane Co, WA
City of Liberty Lake Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 12
�
DATED this�day of Lu�✓� , 2003.
City of Liberty "�e, WA
Signatory Reg' al Ci y
� �
By: � __... .
y `Ste e Peterson
Att t:
City Clerk Arlene Fisher
Approved as to form:
Fisrc, Stan S wartz, � ity Attorney
, � ' 1 �' , . `� � /
� (,� rul. � �► ,: 1_ .'.::�
�a �1
� ����:�1:i00t�3
' Q i°/e, 89- 7 �.7 '
AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPOKANE, '
SPOKANE COUNTY AND THE CITY OF MEDICAL LAKE
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGE1�iENT SYSTEM.
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city
duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of
the State of Washington (the� "City"j , and the County of Spckane,
a class A county duly organized and existing under and by virtue
of the laws of the State of Washington (the ".County") , have the
power to control the management, handling and disposal of solid
waste ("solid waste management") wit:�in the City and unincorpo-.
rated area of the County (the "region") , respectively;
WHEREAS, the City of Medical Lake(hereinafter "Medical
Lake") is a city duly organized and existing under and by
virtue of the constitution and laws of the State of Washington,
and has the power to control solid waste management within the
City of Medical Lake; and
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management
Plan for the region ("Plan") , which Plan was adopted by Medical
Lake; and
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional
� Solid Waste Disposal Project in T984 in order to develop a neces-
sary solid waste management system and plan including appropriate
waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter control pro-
visions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vendor selection
process, and after due consideration of the environmental, ,
social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including
public and governmental comment, and observance of applicable
federal, state, and local procedures, the City and County estab-
lished a cooperative project for the management, handling and
� disposal of solid waste generated within the City and the unin-
corporated areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement by a joint Resolution adopted on November
3 , 1987, as superseded by an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
adopted by the City and County on October 10, 1988 (hereinafter
collectively referred to as the "County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement") ; and .
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement has agreed to exerci�e its police powers, and design�te
, the System, as the site for disposal of _solid waste collected
within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein; and.
1
��. ,� . .. �
WHEREAS , Medical Lake now desires, in consideration for
the City handling the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to
agree to exercise its police power and authority to designate the
System as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under its
control;
NOW, THEREFORE, BETWEEN THE .PARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREBY
AGREED AS FOLLOWS: !
Section l: DEFINITIONS. .
As used in this Agreement, the following words shall have
the following meanings, �nless the context dictates otherwise:
A. Medical Lake shall mean the City of Medical Lake,
. Washington an optional municipal code city of the State of
Washington.
B. Annual BudQet shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal
Year, as adopted or amended by the City in accordance with
Section 8 . 12 of the Bond Ordinance.
� C. City shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first
class charter city of the State of Washington.
D. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington a class A
county of the State of Washington.
E. Countv Interlocal Cooperation Aareesnent shall mean tMe
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City and the County
for the ownership, financing and management of the system and any
antendments thereof.
F. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery
steam and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuant
to the Construction Contract; such facility is the "Facility" as
such term is defined i'rt the' Construction Contract. ;
G. Regional Cities shall mean all incorporated cities and
towns in Spokane County, except the City oi Spokane, which has
entered into, or hereafter enters into a Regional city Interlocal
Agreement.
H. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean
all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or
in liquid form except liquid-carried industrial wastes and
sewage, and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial .wastes,
swill, demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or
parts thereof, discarded home and industrial app�liances, manure,
digested sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid
materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials or
Hazardous Waste. All materials deposited in cans or containers
for collection, (other than Recyclable Materials or Hazardous
Waste) , shall be deemed Solid Waste.
2 '
_ Y� 1 'l.► c� � r�.u� .v �
I . Svstem shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System comprised of all property, real or
personal, tangible, or intangible that is now owned or hereafter
acquired by the City and is used or useful by the City (i) in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste
generated within the City' s boundaries and (ii) in connection ,
with the disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected else-
where and delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date
hereof, the System includes, without limitation, (a) the City' s
Northside landfill, (b) the right of the City to dispose. of Solid
Waste at the county' s Mica Landfill pursuant to the County Inter-
local Agreement, and (cy the City' s refuse collection system and
all facilities and equipment appurtenant thereto, together with
all equipment, rolling stock facilities, properties, whether real
or personal, and vehicles necessary or incident thereto.
All capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined,
shall have the meanings given to them in the Bond Ordinance.
Section 2 : PURPOSE.
The purpose of this Agreement is to establish the participa-
tion of Medical Lake in the System.
� Section 3 : SOLID WASTE TO S�STEM.
A. Medical Lake hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to
exercise its police power and authority to direct the deposit of
Solid Waste generated within its geographical boundaries to the
System. -
B. The following are specifically exenepted from the provi-
sions of subsection A:
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including
storage and handling facilities, minor reclamation of scrap
metal, glass, discarded clothing, gaper, and their associated
facilities which leads to resale or reuse of said material where .
no charge is made for collection or disposal to the originator.
(2) Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken
concrete, broken asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the
surface of the ground whereby such depositing is to be te�porary
in nature, graded, and otherwise worked to fill an existing
depression or low area of ground.
(3) Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under the
surface of the ground when said waste o� bslbeingldeposited onlly
for fertilized or a soil conditioner,
ground owned or leased by the person re�ponsible for the produc-
tion of said. waste as long as depo�iting such waste does not
create a nuisance.
3
VO�. 1 �J t� 1 r��� �:. �
(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been
issued a Permit by a local, state or federal agency to be
operated, maintained or managed for that purpose.
(5) Depositing Hazardous Wastes onto or under the surface
of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been issued
a Permit by a local, state or federal agency to be operated,
maintained, or managed for this purpose.
(6) Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill
site. �
Section 4 : ADMIN�STRATION.
A. The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms
and conditions of �he County Interlocal Cooperation �,greement.
B. The City will provide Medical Lake with a copy of the
Annual Budget for the System. .
C. A representative of the Regional Cities will be a non-
voting member of the Liason Board established by the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES. �
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at
the System shall be that established by the City. Tipping Fees
shall be uniform for the same cla�s of service, except that
Tipping Fees at the System' s transfer stations and the Facility
may differ to reflect the costs of transporting Solid Waste from
the transfer stations to the facility. The City has included and
shall continue to include in the Tipping f�e a "landfill clo�sure
component" which will be allocated between the City, the County,
and the Regional Cities as provided herein and in the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. The System shall allocate to I�edical Lake a portion of
the revenues from the landfill closure component of the Syst�m's -
tipping fees. Such allocation of Revenues shall be in the same
proportion that Medical Lake'.s Solid Waste genera�ed and de-
livered to the System bears to the total non-City Solid Waste
generated in the County and delivered to the System each year.
The portion of non-City Solid Waste generated and delivered to
the System by Medical Lake shall be determined by the popula-
tion of Medical Lake compared to the total non-City population
of the County or by such other mechanism as may be mutually
agreed upon by the City, the County and Medical Lake.
C. The landfill closure component �aill be increased or
decr�ased periodically as deemed necessary by the City to gene-
rate the amount of funds required by the County or Regional
Cities for landfill closure purposes within the limitations set .
forth in the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
4
� v� . •., -- --
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure
component of the Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect the
actual proportions based upon weight of Solid Waste delivered or
caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City,
' County, and Regional Cities. The determination of the total
weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered to the
system by the City, the County, and Regional Cities, shall be
made through the use of Scale Systems or, at any Disposal Site
where Scale Systems are not available, by converting volumes of
Solid Waste to tons of Solid Waste at the agreed upon rates of 3
1/3 cubic yards of compacted Solid Waste to one ton of Solid
Waste and 6� 2/3 cubic yards of noncompacted Solid Waste to one
ton .of Solid Waste. The determination of whether any particular
Solid Waste delivered to a dispo�sal site by any person is from
the City or from other areas of the County shall be determined by
the City through such methods or systems as the City and the
County shall agree and deem appropriate.
E. Revenue allocated to Medical Lake shall be remitted to
Medical Lake Any interest earned on the
allocable Revenues shall be remitted to Medical Lake.
F. Medical Lake's allocable revenues, including interest
earnings thereon, may be used for the following purposes:
(1) To pay landfill closure costs. !
(2) To fund a reserve for future landfill costs.
(3) To pay other collection costs for �!Iedical Lake.
(4) Any other landfill purpose.
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City or the County should impose a utility tax on the
disposal of Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that
utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated within the
County shall be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate
and reasonable administrative costs, between the City, the County
and the Regional Cities proportionately based upon the tons of
' Solid Waste delivered 'co the System fram zhe City, the Regior.al
Cities, and the tons of Solid Waste delivered to the System from
other sources.
Section 7 : UPDATE OF THE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Pursuant to RCW 70.95.080, Medical Lake hereby authorizes
the City to prepare a plan for Medical Lake solid waste manage-
m�nt a� a part of the revisions to the Spokane County Comprehen-
sive Solid Waste Management Plan Update in 1989 and every five
(5) years thereafter, lnPlanlandPanyaenvironmental�documentsdous
Waste Plan, a Recycling
required therefor.
5
_. _ _ _ _ _. _ _ . .
YOI. � v fi ZPAGE � �
Section 8 : AMENDMENT.
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written
agreement of the parties.
Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION. ,
A. This Agreement shall be � for the term of 25 years or for
such longer term as the Series 1988 Bonds or any Additional Bonds
remain Outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by written
agreement of the parties. -
�
C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for suc-
cessive 20-year terms unless either party agrees not to renew it.
Section 10: HEADINGS.
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted �
solely for the purpose of convenience and ready reference. In no
way do they purport to, and shall not be deemed to, limit or
extend the scope or intent of thE sections to which they apply.
Section 11: ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED HEREIN.
This Agreement contains all of the terms �nd conditions
agreed upon by the parties. No other understandings, oral or
otherwise, regarding the subject matter of t�is Agreement shall
be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The
parties have read and understand all of this Agreement, and now
state that no representation, promise, or a:gre�ment not exp�essed
in this Agreement has been made to induce �lri� parties to e�acute
the same.
Section 12 : FILING OF THE AGREEMENT.
The City of Spokane and Medical Lake shall file this
Agreement with the respective City Clerks a�d t3�e City shall file
this Agreement with the Spokane County Auditor and Secretary of
State. .
Section 13 : SEVER.ABILITY.
In the event any provis�on of this Agreement shall be de-
clared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid,
illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforce-
ability of the remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be
affected or impaired thereby.
Section 14 : EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Agreement shall become effective intmediately after it
is duly adopted by the Board of Spokane County Co�a�missioners, and
the Councils of the Cities of Spokane and Medical Lake.
6
__ _ _
� Y��. i � f) �Y_ �AGF tS U
IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties have executed this
Agreement by their duly authorized officials.
DATED this J day of � 1989 •
� CITY OF SPOKANE
,
gy; ?/�.�� � ���
�7ickie McNeill, Mayor
. . � L ��/
U� �'� P U ,r�� ,, Terr L.�`ak,
' �:;;,:t�.. : -.;' '';:+ City Man ger
y� -? :P: .!' �. ,
At�est •:4��;•�` •�"'f :
. . ,:• /-
._, '�fi t:' ;
.��
� - ��
C�ty�;C • ' �
. t
� ^ � i� ;s . . �
Approved as to Form:
� �
ssistant City Attorney
r
DATED this � d'dY of � 1989'
SPOKANE COUNTY, T�IASHINGTON
':tt�:'."`i' ... ..-.L:..,;er,� y� � •
'�•�"' , � J R. Mc i e
.•.:'� . �
•- --__._.� -
�� , .
SFP �5 9 22 Q u '95 pat M , �t/�''
�.._ .y -. . �.��...�
, ;,,.-. ..
-S""'"i.•�" • . •, *=,:,F{�!. Ste son, Commissioner
�(., . . SA:11?�ON
.......... . "°�x�/�tb'�`n^'�/
ATTE . ��,�' Ap roved:
�+ �,
-•- : �
�
1 �•Lr. Dbna ue Marshall R. Farnell
Ci ' k sf-th��$oard Chief Adzainistrative Officer
'`���'�•••... ••'r..i�
� �; c
7
YOI. � U � � tAGE � �
Approved as to Form:
James P. Emacio,
Chief Civil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
City of Medical Lake
Attest: �
�-i ����
�� � ., By.:• �
� '-�� . Mayor
C y C1 k .
Approved as to form: '
,. ��
,l -
rrty Attorney
V
8
��2 9/- ��3
��. . OJ8'7 :��oS'�o�2.�!; v
vo�. �. 1 � 9rasE1 � : :�
AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPOKANE,
SPOKANE COUNTY AND THE CITY OF MILLWOOD
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington (the ��City��) , and the County of Spokane, a class A
county duly organized a�d existing under and by virtue of the laws
of the State of WaShington (the �'County'�) , have the power to control
the management, handling and disposal of solid waste (��solid waste
management") within the City and unincorporated area of the County
(the '�region") , respectively;
WHEREAS, the City of Millwood (hereinafter "Millwood") is
a city duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the
constitution and laws.-of the State af Washington, and has the
power to control solid waste management within the .City of
Millwood; and
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management
Plan for the region (��Plan'�) , which Plan was adopted by
Millwood; and
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the S�;ok�:ne. Re�giorial
Solid Waste Disposal Projeci: in 1934 in or-der.- tr.�-:develop a..neces-
sary solid �waste management system and plan including appropriate
waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter cuntrol pro-
visions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the com�,letion of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vend�r selec�:ion
process, and after due consideration of the environmental,
social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including
public and governmental comment, and observance of applicable
federal, state, and local procedures, the City and County estab-
lished a cooperative project for the management, handling and
disposal of solid waste generated within the City and the un.i,n-
corporated areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal
Cooperation Ag�eement by a joint Resolution adopted on November
3, 1987, as superseded by an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
- - adopted by the City and County on October 10, 1988 (hereinafter
collectively referred to as the "County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement'�) ; and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement has agreed to exercise its police powers, and designate
the System, as the site for disposal of solid waste collected
within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein; and
1
. . `a
- y�71. .�� �. c�'S ��i'�GE 1 � a :�
W�iEREAS, Millwood. now desires, in consid�ration for the
City handling the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to agree
to exercise its police power and authority to designate the
System as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under its
control;
NOW, THEREFORE, BETWEEN THE pARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREgy
AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1: DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Agreement, tiie following w�rd5 s�all have
the following meanings,� unless the contex� dic�.ates otherwise:
A. Annual Budaet shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal
Year, as adopted or amended by the City in accoxdance with
Section 8.12 of the Bond Ordinance.
B. Citv shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first
class charter city of the State of Washington.
C. Co__unty shall 'mean Spokan� County, Washington a class A
county of the State of Washin g ton. � �
D. Cour7tv Interlocal Coo�eration Aqreeme����: sha]>1 mean the
Interlocal Cooperati,on Agreement between the City and tl�a.� County
for the ownership, financing and management of the system and- any
amendment� thereof.
E. Millwood sball mean the City of.Millwood, Wasliington
_...__._ ;
a 4th class' city of the State of. Washington.
F. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery
steam and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuant
to the Construction Contract; such facility is the "Fa^.ility�� . as
such term is defined in the Const;ruction Contract.
G. Reaional Cities shall mean all incorporated ci.ties and
towns in Spokane County, except the City of Spokane, which has
entered into, or hereafter enters into a Reqional City Interlocal
Agreement.
H. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean
all putrescible and.non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or
in liquid form except liquid-carried industrial wastes and
sewage, and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes,
swill, demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or
Parts thereof, discarded home and industrial appliance�, manure,
digested sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi��soli,d i::
materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials or �
Hazardous Waste. All materials deposited in cans or containers
for collection, (other than Recyclable Materials or Hazardous
Waste) , shall be deemed Solid Waste.
2
YO�. 1_ �. �� �1�'aGE � � i �
I. Svstem shall msan the existing Spokane Regional Solid '
Was�e Management System comprised of all property, real or per-
sonal, tangible, or intangible that is now owned or hereafter
acquired by the City and is used or useful by the City (i) in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste gener-
ated within the City' s boundaries and (ii) in connection with the
disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected elsewhere and
delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date hereof, the
System includes, without limitation, (a) the City's Northside
landfill, (b) the right of the City to dispose of. Solid Waste at
the county's Mica Landfill pursuant to the County Interlocal
Agreement, and (c) the City�s refuse collection system and all
facilities and equipment appurtenant thereto, t�gether with all
equipment, rolling stock facilities, properties, whether real or
personal, and vehicles necessary or. incident thereto.
All capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined,
shall have the meanings given to them in the Bond ordinance.
Section 2: PIIRPOSE.
The purpose of ti�is Agreement rs to establish the participa-
tion of Millwood in the System. �
Section 3: SOLID WASTE T0 SYSTEM.
� A. Millwood hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to
exercise its polica power and authority to dire�t the deposit of �
Solid Waste generated within its geographical boundaries to the
System.
B. The following are specifically exempted from the provi-
sions of subsection A:
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including stor-
age and handling facilities, minor reclamation of scrap metal,
glass, discarded clothing, paper, and their associated facilities
which leads to resale or reuse of said material where no charge
is made for collection or disposal to the originator. �
(2) Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken
concrete, broken asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the
surface of the ground whereby such depositing is to be temporary
in nature, graded, and otherwise worked to fill an existing.
depressioa or low area of ground. ,
- - (3) Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under the
surface of the ground when said waste is being utilized primarily
for fertiZized or a soil conditi.c�ner, �or is� being deposited on
ground owned or leased by the person responsible for the produc-
tion of said waste as long as depositing such waste does not
create a nuisance.
3
. �
vo�. 1 .� fi 9��cE 14 ;�
(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been
issued a Permit by a lacal, state or federal agency to be
operated, maintained or managed for that purpose.
(5) Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or
under the surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has
otherwise been issued a Permit by a local, state or federal
agency to be operated, maintained, or managed for this purpose.
(6) Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill
site.
C. The Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Mangement
plan will address disposal of all types of waste. The City and
County will include Millwood in planning for and opportunities
for proper disposal of exempt waste.
Section 4: ADMINISTRATION.
A. The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms
and conditions of the,-County Interlo�cal Cooperation Agreement�.
B. The City will. provide Millwood wi.th a copy of rLhe Annual
Budget for the System.
C. A representative of the Regional Cities will be a non-
voting member of the Liason Board established by t�e County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement. `
Section 5: TIPPING FEES. '
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at
the System shall be that established by the City. Tipping Fees
shall be uniform for the same class of service, except that
Tipping Fees at the system's transfer stations and ti�e Facility
may diffez to reflect the costs of transporting Solid Waste from
the transfer stations to the facility. The City has included and
shall continue to include in the Tipping Fee a '�landfill closure
component�� which will be allocated between the City, the County,
and the Regional cities as provided hereirl and in the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement. The Tipping Fees will nat be
used for payment of City of Spokane collection costs.
B• If Millwood is determined to have liability under ' •
_ Initiative 97 or the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
• pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in connection with any
landfill, the System shall allocate to Millwood a portion of the
revenues from the landfill closure component of the System's
tipping fees. Such allocation of revenues sha.tl bs in the same.
proportion that Millwood's Solid Waste _generated and delivered to
the system bears to the total non-City Solid Waste generated in '
the County and delivered to the System e�ch year. The portion of
non-City Solid Waste generated and dalivered to the System by
Millwood shall be determined by the population of Millwood com-
4
� :
�'�L. .� � �S ��AGE �. � ;i�
pared to the total non-City population of the County or by such
other mechanism as may be mutually agreed upon by the City, the
County and Millwood.
C. The landfill closure component of the Tipping Fee will
be increased or decreased periodically as deemed necessary by the
� City to generate the amount of funds required by the County or
Regional Cities for landfill closure purposes within the limita--
tions set forth in the Couny Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure
component of the Tipping Fee will be made monthly to re�lect the �
. actual propori:ions based upo�z weight of Solid Waste delivered or
caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City,
Cvunty, and Regional Cities. The determination of the total
weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered to the
system by .the City, the County, and Regional Cities, shall be
made through the use of Scale systems or, at any .Disposal Site
where. Scale Systems are not available, by converting volumes of
Solid Waste to tons of Solid Waste at the agreed upon rates- of 3
1/3 cubic yards of compacted Solid Waste to one ton of Solid '
Waste and 6 2/3 cubic.yards of noncoinpacted Solid Waste to one
tone of Solid Waste. The determination of whether any particular
Solid Waste delivered to a disposal site by any persorr is from-_
the City or from other areas of the County shall be dpt�rmi.ned by
the City through such methods o� systems as tlie Cit���•-a�xd the
Coun.ty shall agree and deem appropriate. '
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City or the County should impose .a utilit� �ax oir �he °
disposal of Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that
utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated within the
County shall be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate
and reasonab].e administrative costs, between the City, the County
and the Reqional Cities propor�:ionately based upon the tons of
Solid Waste delivered to the System from the City, the Regional
Cities, and the tons of Solid Waste delivered to the Sy�tem f?;�om
other sources. The allocation of the utility tax will be deter-
mined in the manner specified in Section 5C of this Agreement
Section 7: UPDATE OF THE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN..
Pursuant to RCW 70.95. 080(3� , Millwood hereby authorizes the
County acting independently, or through its consultants ,or
, agents, to prepare a plan for Millwood solid waste management as
a part of the revisions to the Spokane County Compr.ehensive Solid
Waste Management P1an Update in 1989 and every five (5) years
thereafter as provided in RCW 70.95.110, or as requi,rec�. by the
Washington State Department of Ecology under 70.95.100. The 1989 '
revisions, as well as subsequent amendments to such plan, may
include the preparation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan, a
Recycling Plan and any environmental docuanents required there-
fore. The City will provide drafts of the Plan and any updates
5
vo�. 11 h �rasE 14 ��
and will notify Millwood of ineetings in reqard to the same. The
Plan and any updates will be submitted to Millwood for their
approval.
Section 8: AMENDMENT.
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written
agreement of the parties.
Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION.
A. This Agreement shall be for the tena of 25 years or for
such longer term as the Series 1988 Bonds or any Additional Bonds
remain Outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by written
agreement of the parties. �
• C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for suc-
cessive 20-year terms unless either party agrees not to renew it.
Section 10: HEADINGS.
The section headings in this Agreement have been inser�ed
solely for the purpose of convenience and ready reference. In no
way do they purport to, and shall not be deemed �CO, limit or:
extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply.
Section 11: ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED HEREIN.
This Agreement contains all of the term5 and conda:tions ,
agreed upon by the parties. No other understandings, oral or
otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall
be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The
parties have read and understand all of this Agreement, and now
state that no representation, promise, or agreement no�� expressed
in this Agreement has been made to induce the parties to exee�ute
the same.
Section 12: FILING OF THE AGREEMENT.
The City of Spokane and Millwood shall file this Agreement
with the respective City Clerks and the City shall file this
Agreement with the Spokane County Auditor and Secretary of State.
Section 13 : SEVERABILITY.
In the event any provision of this Agreement shal.l �� de-
clared by a court of competent jurisdict�.on to be invalir�,
illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legali�:y and enforce- �
ability of the remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be
affected or impaired thereby.
6
. �
vo�. 1 .� � ��acL � �;�
Section 14 : Er^FECTIVE DATE.
This Agreement shall become effective immediately after it is
duly adopted by the Board of Spokane County Commissioners, and the
Councils of the Cities of Spokane and Millwood.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties have executed this
Agreement by their duly authorized officials.
DATED this �'�� day of �g9�
— , i-�&S.
CITY OF SPORANE
By:��; a r.�� � � �. ►n .�,,.�
Sheri Barnard , Mayor
�—� �ss�
��
i�er�ry L�Novak,
g p p ,�� City Manager
A�k�eSt: ��� _
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r �
"C�ity�- le "
. . , :i•�
Appr,o�ved �s.�ta Form:-
► �
���e;.�•e y.� . `
..�.� �� ✓=-�-k�
Assistant City Attorney
DATED this � day of �99f•
. �'
SPOKANE CO TY, WASHINGT�°�N
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o R. i e, issioner
�°-� M airman
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__ . :•�.•- 1► � t ste e sso , ommissioner
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�;��,.�'-,•�• ,� Approved•
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Y. M �y
w iam . onahue Marshall R. �Farnell
Clerk of the Board Chief Administrative Officer
7
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vo�. 11 b 9�ACE � 4;'�
Approved as to Form:
James P. Emacio,
Chief Civil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
Attest: City of Millwood
G�� �--C�-�~Yy(��✓ By:
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City Clerk M yor i-`
Approv d as_ to form:
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, C' Attor y
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W�LLiA►� �. qONANk1E
auoit9R
SPOIfAHE. COUNfiY�WA�H.��
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T:ii�';�0�Rn�y�S 13 A TRUE ANO
tVl�. j���L F i �F 7'H�ORIGINAI 00CUAAENT C��� � '
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AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPOKANE,
SPOI{ANE COUNTY AND TH�TOWN OF ROCKFORD;
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly organized and
existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Washington (the "Cit}�') and the
County of Spokane, a Class A County duly organized and existing under and by virtue of
the laws of the State of Washington (the "County"), have the power to control the
management, handling and disposal of solid waste ("Solid Waste Management") within
the City and unincorporated area of the County(the"Region"), respectively;
WHEREAS, the Town of Rockford (hereinafter "Rockford") is a city duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Washingto�n, and
has the power to control solid waste management within the Town of Rockford; and,
WHEREAS The County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management Plan for the
Region("Plan"),which Plan was adopted by Rockford; and,
WHEREAS, The City and County initiated the Spokane Regional Solid Waste
Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a necessary solid waste management System
and plan,including waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter control provisions;
and,
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an adequate
er►vironmental impact statement and vendor selection process, and after due consideration
of the environmental, social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including
public and governmental cornment, and observance of applicable federal, state and local
procedwe, the City and County established a cooperative project for the management,
handling, and disposal of solid waste generated within the City and the unincorporated
areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement by joint
Resolution adopted �n November 3, 1987, as superseded by an Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement adopted by the City and County on October 10, 1988 (hereinafter collectively
refecred to as the"County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement"); and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement has
� agreed to exercise its police powers, and designate the System, as the sit� for disposal of
Solid Waste collected within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein; and,
WHEREAS Rockford now desires, in consideration of the City handling the
disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to agree to exercise its police power and authority
Interlocal Cooperation Act; Spokane Regional Solid Waste System;Town of
Rockford—Page 2 of 9
to designate the System as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under Rockford's
control;
NOW, THEREFORE, BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREBY
AGREED AS F4LL�WS:
Section 1: DEFINTTTIONS.
As usea in this Agreement, the following words sha11 have the following
meanings,unless the context dictates otherwise:
A. Annual Bud�et shall mean the System budget for a fiscal year, as adopted
or amended by the City in accordance with Section 8,l 2 of the Bond Ordinance.
B. C�shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first class charter city
of the State of Washington. �
C. Coun shall mean Spokane County,Washington, a Class A County of the
State of Washington.
D. County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement shall mean the Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement between the City and the County for the ownership, financing
and management of the System and any amendments thereof.
E. Rockford shall mean the Town of Rockford, Washington, a 4�' class city
of the State of Washington.
F. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery steam and electric
generaring facility constructed pursuant to the Construction Contract; such facility is the
"Faeility" as such term is defined in the Construction Contract.
G. Regional Cities shall mean all incorporated cities and towns in Spokane
County, except the City of Spokane, which have entered into, or hereafter enter into a
Regional City Interlocal Agreement such as this Agreement.
H. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean all putresicible
and non-putresicible wastes, whether in solid or in liquid form except liquid-carried
industrial wastes and sewage, and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes,
swill, demolidon and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or parts thereof, discarded
home and industrial appliances, manure, digested sludge, vegetable or animal solids and
semi-solid materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials or Hazardous
Waste. All materials deposited in cans or containers for collection, (other than
Recyclable Materials or Hazardous Waste), shall be deemed Solid Waste.
I. S�stem shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid Waste
Management System comprised of all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible
Interlocal Cooperation Act; Spokane Regional Solld Waste System;Town of
Roc�ford—Page 3 of 9
that is now owned or hereafter acquired by the City and is used or useful by the City(i) in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste generated within the City's
boundaries and (ii) in connection with the disposal of Solid Waste generated and
� collected elsewhere and delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date hereof, the
System includes, without limitation, (a) the City's Northside landfill, (b) the right of the
City to dispose of Solid Waste at the County's Mica Landfill pursuant to the County
Interlocal Agreement, and (c) the City's refuse collection system and all facilities and
equipment appurtenant thereto, together with all equipment, rolling stock facilities,
properties,whether real or personal, and vehicles necessary or incident thereto.
All capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined, shall have the meaning
given to them in the Bond Ordinance, said ordinance meaning that bond ordinance
enacted by the City to finance the Facility or other System improvements.
Section 2. PURPOSE.
�
The purpose of this Agreement is to establish the participation of Rockford in the
System.
Section 3. SOLID WASTE TO SYSTEM
A. Rockford hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to exercise its police
power and authority to direct the deposit of Solid Waste generated within its geographical
boundaries to the System.
B. The following are specifically exempted from the provisions of subsection
A:
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including storage and handling
facilities, minor reclamation of scrap metal, glass, discarded clothes, paper and their
associated facilities which leads to resale or reuse of said material where no charge is
made for collection or disposal to the originator.
(2) Depositing soil,rock,tree stumps, gravel,bzoken concrete,broken asphalt,
and similar inert wastes onto the surface of the ground where by such depositing is to be
temporary in nature, graded and otherwise worked to fill an existing depression or low
area of Sround.
(3) Depositing agricultural solid waste onto or under the surface of the ground
when said waste is being utilized primarily for fertilizer or a soil conditioner, or is being
deposited on ground owned or lease by person responsible of the production of said waste
as long as depositing such waste does not create a nuisance.
(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the surface of the �ound
at a Disposal site which has otherwise been issued a Permit by a local, state or federal
agency to be operated,maintained oz managed for that purpose.
Interlocal CooperaHon Act; Spokane Regional Solid Waste System; Town of
Rockford—Page 4 of 9
(5) Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or under the
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been issued a Permit by a
. local, state or federal agency to be operated,maintained or managed for this purpose.
(6) Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill site.
C. The Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan will
address disposal of all types of waste. The City and County will include Rockford in
planning for and opportunities for proper disposal of exempt waste.
Section 4. ADMINIST1tATION.
A. The City will manage the System pursuant to the tern�s and conditions of
the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
�
B. 7fie City will provide Rocl�ord with a copy of the Annual Budget for the
System.
C. A representative of the Regional Cities will be a voting member of the
Liaison Board established by the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES.
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at the System shall
be established by the City. Tipping Fees shall be uniform for the same class of service,
expect that Tipping Fees at the System transfer stations and the Facility may dif�'er to
reflect the costs of transporting Solid Waste from the transfer stations to the facility. The
City has included and shall continue to include in the Tipping Fee a "landfill closure
component"which will be allocated between the City,the County and the Regional Cities
as provided herein and in the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement. The Tipping
Fees will not be used for payment of City of Spokane collection costs.
B. If Rockford is determined to have liability under Initiative 97 or the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and the Liability Act
(CERCLA) in connection with any landfill, the System shall allocate to Rockford a
portion of the revenues from the landfill closure component of the System's tipping fees.
Such allocation of revenues shall be in the same proportion that Rockford's Solid Waste
generated and delivered to the System bears to the total non-City Solid Waste generated
in the County and delivered to the System each year. The portion of non-City Solid
Waste generated and delivered to the System by Rockford shall be determined by the
population of Rockford compared to the total non-City population of the County or by
such other mechanism as may be mutually agreed upon by the City, the County and
Rockford.
Interlocal Cooperation Act; Spokane Regional Solid Waste Systern; Town of
Rockford--Page 5 of 9
C. The landfill closure component of the Tipping Fee will be increased or
decreased periodically as deemed necessary by the City to generate the amount of funds
required by the County or Regional Cities for landfill closure purposes within the
limitations set forth in the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure component of the
Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect the actual proportions based upon weight of
Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City,
County and Regional Cities. The determination of the total weight of Solid Waste
delivered or caused to be delivered to the System by the City, the County, and Regional
Cities shall be made through the use of scale systems. The determination of whether any
particular Solid Waste delivered to a Disposal site by any person is from the City or from
other areas of the county shall be deternuned by the City throu�h such methods or
systems as the City and the County shall agree and deem appropriate.
�
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City or the County should impose a utility tax on the disposal of Solid
Waste at the System, the proceeds of that utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated
within the County shall be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate and reasonable
administrative costs, between the City, the County and the Regional Cities
proportionately based upon the tons of Solid Waste delivered to the System from the
City, the Regional Cities, and the tons of Solid Waste delivered to the System from other
sources. The allocation of the utility tax will be determined in the manner specified in
section SD of this Agreement.
Section 7: UPDATE OF THE COUNTY COMPRENENSNE SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Pursuant to RCW 70.95.080(3), Rockford hereby authorizes the County acting
independently, or though its consultants or agents, to prepare a plan for Rockford Solid
Waste management as a part of the revisions to the Spokane County Comprehensive
Solid Waste Management Plan Update in 1989 and every five (5) years thereafter as
provide in RCW 70.95.110 or as required by the Washington State Department of
Ecology under 70.95.100. The 1989 revisions, as well as subsequent amendments to
such plan, may include the prepazation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan, a Recycling
Plan and any environmental documents required therefore. The Plan will be submitted to
Rockford for its approval.
Section 8: AIv1ENDMENT
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written agreement of the
parties.
Interlocal Cooperation Act;Spokane Regional Solid Waste System; Town of
Rockford---Page 6 of 9
Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION
A. This Agreement shall end December 31, 2014, or for such longer terms as
the series 2005 bonds or any additional bonds remain outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by written agreement of the
parties.
C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for successive 20-year
terms unless either party agrees not to renew it.
Section 10: HEADINGS
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted solely for the purpose
of convenience and ready reference. In no waS( do they purport to, and shall not be
deemed to, limit or extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply.
Section 11: ALL WRTTINGS CONTAINED HEREIN
This Agreement contains all of the terms and conditions agreed upon by the
pazties. No other understandings, oral or otherwise, regazding the subject matter of this
Agreement shall be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The parties have
read and understand all of this Agreement, and now state that no representation,promise,
or agreement not expressed in this Agreement has been made to induce the parties to
execute that same.
Section 12: FILING OF THE AGREEMENT
The City and Rockford shall file this Agreement with the respective city clerks
and the City shall file this Agreement with the Spokane County Auditor and Secretary of
State.
Section 13: SEVERABILITY
In the even any provision of this Agreement shall be declared by a court of
competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illcgal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be affected or impaired
thereby.
Section 14: EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Agreement shall become effective immediately after it is duly adopted by the
Boazd of Spokane County Commissioners, and the Councils of the cities of Spokane and
Rockford.
� Intcrlo�sl Caaperativn Act; Spokane Regianal Svlid Waste Sysfern;Town of
Rockford—�age 7 oT 9
IN WIT�TESS WHE}ZEUF, each of the parties na�e executed this Agreement hy
t�ieir d�ly autharix�d v�cials.
�v� �
DATEI]this� day of 2Q47.
�'� N
�APPR�VLD this day af�f �� 2�07.
�
Attest: Town af or
L��c�..� �1"�� `
Town Cle.�rk �e, Mayar
�� � ` �,,�`
1�"�. v]�[� '�-�'�L-I
e��7pi0VP..(�e3S i4 fpTITI:
I�.�.r �r� ��-.
AttQmey
A6CF.N�
��' � "
C17�'���w��
Interlocal Cooperat'ron Act; Spokane Regional Solid Waste System; Town of
Rockford—Page 9 of 9
SIGNED on �? � J ao��`�
CITY OF SPOKANE
�
By .
. Dennis Hession, Mayor
Attest: Approved as to form:
i -
City Clerk ' �.���t,�� Assis Attom
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AN INTSRLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPORANE,
SPOKANE COIINTY, AND THE CITY OF SPANGLE - '
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT �SYSTEM
RECITALS '
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington• (the "City") , and the County of Spokane, a class A
county duly organized and .existing under _.and .by virtue of the _laws
• of the State of Washington .{the "'County",,) , _..have the power to
control the management, handling and disposal of solid waste
(nsolid waste �anagement") within the City and unincorporated area
of the County (the "region) , respectively; .
WHEREAS, the City of Spangle (hereinafter ^'Spangle"') is a city
duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the constitution
and laws of the State of Washington, and has the power to control
solid waste management within the city;
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Plan for the region ("'Plan") , which Plan was adopted by
Spangle;
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regbonal
Solid Waste Disposal Project in 1984 to develop necessary waste
reduction and recycling, waste-to-energy and landfil� faci�3ti,es;. _
and .
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vendor selection
process, and after due consideration of the environmental, social,
technical, economic and other relevant factors, including public
and governmental comment, and observance of applicable federal,
state, and ,local procedures, the City and County established a
cooperative project for the management, handling-and disposal of
solid waste generated within the City and the unincorporated areas
of the County by execution of an Inte�local Cooperation Agreement
by a Joint Resolution adopted on November 3, 1987, (hereinafter
collectively referred to as the "County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement"') • and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement has agreed to• exercise its police powers, and designate
the System, as the site for disposal of solid waste collected
within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein; and
. , -.
WHEREAS, Spangle now desires, in consideration 'for the City
handling the disposal of solid waste at the System, to agree to
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exercise its authority to designate the System as the sole site for
disposal of Solid Waste under its control; '
.
NOW, THEREFORE, BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREBY AGREED
A3 FOLLOWS:
Section 1: DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Agreement, the following words shall have the
following meanings, unless the contact dictates otherwise:
A. Annual Budget shall mean the System .budget for a Fiscal
Year, as adopted or amended by the City in accordance with Section
8.12 of the Bond Ordinance.
B. Bond Ordinance shall mean the Regional Solid Waste
Management System Revenue Bonds now or hereafter issued by the City
of Spokane for the improvements and additions to the system.
C. Citv shall means the City o€ Spokane, Washington, a first
class charter city of the State of Washington. . ,
D. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington, a class A
county of the State of Washington.
E. County Interlocal Coo�eration Agreement shall me� the
Interlocal Cooperation AGreement between the .City and the �ounty
for the ownership, financing and management of the System.
F. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery steam
and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuant to t�e
� Construction Contract; such facility is the "'Facility" as such
term is defined in the Construction Contract.
G. Regional Cities shall mean at all incorporated cities and
towns in Spokane County, except the City of Spokane, which has
. entered into, or hereafter enters into a Regional -.city Interlocal
Agreement.
,
H. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean
all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or in
liquid form except liquid-carried industrial wastes and sewage, and
including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes, swill,
demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or parts
thereof, discarded home and industrial appliances, manure, digested
sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid materials.
I. Svstem shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System comprised of all property, real or
personal, tangible, or intangibTe, that is now owned or hereafter
acquired by the City and �s used or useful by the City (i) in ,
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201
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste
generated within the City's boundaries and (ii) in connection with '
the disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected elsewhere and
delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date hereof, the
System includes, without limitation, (a) the City',s Northside
landfill, (b) the right of the City to dispose of solid Waste at
the County�s Mica Landfill pursuant to the County Interlocal
Agreement, and (c) the City's refuse collection system and all
facilities and equipment appurtenant thereto, together with all •
equipment, roYling stock faciiities, properties, whether real or
personal, and vehicles necessai^y �or--iac�iden� thereto. . . .
Section 2: PURPOSE.
� . - .
The purpose of this agreement is to establish the participa-
tion of the City of Spangle in the System.
.
Section 3: SOLID WASTE TO SYSTEM.
. A. Spangle hereby covenants,- agrees and Contracts to
exercise its power to direct the deposit of Solid Waste generated
within its geographical boundaries to the System.
B. The following are specifically exempted from the
provisions of subsection a:
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including s�orage
and handling facilities, minor reclamation of scrap metal, glass,
discarded clothing, paper, and their associated facilities which
leads to resale or reuse of said material where no charge is made
for collection or disposal to the oriqinator.
(2) Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken -
concrete, broken asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the surface
of the ground whereby such depositing is to. be temporary in nature,
graded, and otherwise worked to fill an existing depression or low
area of ground.
(3) Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under the
surface of the ground when said waste is being utilized primarily
for fertilizer or a soil conditioner, or is being deposited on
ground owned or leased by the person responsible for the production
of said waste as long as depositing such waste does not create a
nuisance.
(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the surface
of the ground as a disposal site which has otherwise been issued
a permit by a local, state or federal agency to be operated, -
maintained or managed for that purpose.
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y01. 1 � � "�PAGE 2O2
(5) Depositing hazardous wastes onto or under the surface of
the ground at a disposal site which has otherwise been issued a -
Permit by a local, state or federal agency to be operated,
maintained, or managed for this purpose.
(6) Establishment and operation of a woodwaste landfill site.
Section 4: ADMINISTRATION.
. A. The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms and
conditions of the County Inte-rlocal--�oope�at�ion Agreement.
B. The City of Spokane will provide Spangle with a copy of
the Annual Budget for the System.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES.
A. The tipping fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at :
the System shall be established by the City. Tippinq fees shall
be uniform for the same class of service, except that'tipping fees
at the System's transfer stations and the Facility may differ to
reflect the costs of transporting Solid Waste from the transfer
stations to the Facility.
B. If Spangle is determined to have liability under Chapter
70.95B RCW or the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com�aensa-
tion, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in connection with any lax�eifill,
the system shall allocate to Spangle a portion of the revenues from
the landfill closure component of the System's tipping fees. Such
allocation of revenues shall be in the same proportion that
Spangle�s Solid Waste generated and delivered to the System bears
to the total non-City Solid Waste generated in the County and
delivered to the System each year. The portion of non-City Solid
Waste generated and delivered to the System by Spangle shall be
determined by the population of Spangle compared to the total non-
City population of the County or by such other mechanism as may be
mutually agreed upon by the City, the County and spangle.
Amounts, i.f any, allocated to Spang�le are to be used to pay
all or a portion of Spangle's landfill liability, and accordingly,
the aggregate amount so allocated shall not exceed the amount of
such liability, nor shall it exceed the amount of the landfill
closure component .paid by Spangle.
C. The landfill closure component will be increased or
decreased periodically at the request of the County or as deemed
necessary by the City to generate the ainount of funds required by
the County or Regional Cities for pre-exist�ing landfill costs.
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure
component of the Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect the
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. � . Yo�. 114 "7�QCE 2 0 3
actual proportions based upon weight of Solid Waste delivered or
caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City, County, -
and Regional Cities. The determination of the. total weight� of
Solid Waste delivered or caused to be delivered to the system by
the City, the County, and Regional Cities, shall be made through •
the use of scale systems or, at any disposal site where scale
systems are not available, by converting columns of Solid Waste to �
tons of Solid Waste at the agreed upon rates of 3 1/3 cubic yards
of compacted Solid Waste to one ton of Solid Waste and 6 2/3 cubic
yards of non�ompacted Solid Waste to one ton of Solid Waste. The
determination of whether any par�icular Solid Waste delivered tc
a disposal site by any persAn is from the City or from other areas
of the County shall be determined by the City through such methods
� of systems as the City and the County shall agree and deem
appropriate. � .
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City or the County should impose a .utility tax on the
disposal of So1id �Waste at the syst�em, the proceeds of that utility
tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated within the County shall
be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate and reasonable
administrative costs, between the City, the County and the Regional
Cities proportionately based upon the tons of Solid Waste delivered
to the System from the City, the Regional Cities, and the t�ns of
Solid Waste delivered to the System from other sources.
Section 7: UPDATE OF THE COiJNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE '
MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Pursuant to RCW 70.95.080, Spanqle hereby authorizes the
Spokane Regional Solid Waste Disposal Project (the "'Project'�) to �
prepare a plan for Spanqle solid waste management as a part of the
revisions to the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Manage-
ment Plan Update in 1989 and every five (5) years thereafter,
including .preparation of a local Hazardous Plan, a Recycling Plan '
and any environmental documents required therefor..
Section 8: AMENDMENT. •
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written
agreement of the parties.
Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION.
A. This Agreement shall be for the term of 25 years or for
such longer term as the Series 1988 Bonds or any additional Bonds
remain outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by written
agreement of the parties.
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C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for
successive 20-year terms unless either party agrees not to renew -
it.
r
Section 10: HEADINGS.
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted •
solely for the purpose of convenience and ready reference. In no
way do they purport to, and shall not be deemed to, limit or extend
the scope or� intent of the sections to which they apply.
.
Section 11: ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED .HEREIN,
This Agre�ment contains all of the terms and conditions agreed
upon by the parties. No other understandings, oral or otherwise.,
regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall be deemed �o
exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The parties. have read
and understand all of this Agreement, and now state that no
representation, promise, or agreement not expressed in this
Agreement has been made to induce the parties to execute the same. �
Section 12: FILING OF THE AGREEMENT.
The City of Spokane and Spangle shall file this Agreement with
the respective City Clerks, the Spokane County Auditor and
Secretary of State.
Section 13: SEVERABILITY.
In the event any provision of this Aqreement shall be declared
by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, or
unenforceable, the validity, leqality and enforceability of the
remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be affected or impaired
thereby.
Section 14: EXECUTION IN COUNTERPARTS.
This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts,
each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which
together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
Section 15: EFFECTIVE DATE. ,
This Agreement shall become effective immediately after it is
duly adopted by the Board of Spokane County Commissioners, the '
Council of the Cities of Spokane, and Spangle.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties ha���•e�u����182 p 5
Agreement by their duly authorized officials.
DATED this ��� day of , 1990.
CITY OF SPOKANE
. . ��i ` \ J��n 1 . •
Sheri Barnard, Mayor
, � �t= � � .'1
Terry L Novak, ��
� " - • -- City .Manager
'i .
_�
Attest: • � � . -
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City er .
- -�
Approved'as .;to -Form�: - .
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Assistan City Attorney
� DATED this � day of l_� ��90.
SPORANE COUN SHINGTON
. By:
son, Cha an
. ,
Pat Mummey, Comm ssioner
.
� hn, R. Mc e Commissioner
ATT T
�Ap roved: �
1 - � �
Q��j�.C-�`�-1' ��'� µ.S���
Wil iam E. Donahue Marshall R. Farnell
Clerk of the Board Chief Administrative Officer
Approved as to Form:
James P. Emacio,
Chief Civil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
7
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SP � -
Mayor .
ATTEST:
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4940682
08�O6J2003 �05 42P
OFFICE OF CITY CLERK AGR $30.04 Spokane Co, WA
Return•
Spokane City Clerk's Office
5th Floor, 808 W. Spokane Falls Blvd
Spokane,WA 99201
rgb 03 OS O6 430pm
� File no.OPR 03-51z
File no. 3 �666
File no.
1NTERLOCAL AGREEMEN'� (CH. 39.34 RCV�BETWEEN THE CITY OF
SPOKANE, SPOKANE COUNTY AND THE CITY OF SPOKANE VALLEY
RE: SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
, RECITALS
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly organized and
existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Washington (the "City"), and the
County of Spokane, a class A county duly organized and existing under and by virtue of
the laws of the State of Washington (the "County"), have specific powers and statutory
duties relating to planning and controlling the management, handling and disposal of
solid waste ("solid waste managemenY') within the City and unincorporated area of the
County (the "region"), respectively, including the development of a Solid Waste
Management Plan under RCW 70.95;
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane Valley, WA, (hereinafter "Signatory Regional
City"), a non charter optional code city duly organized and existing under and by virtue
of the constitution and laws of the State of Washington, likewise has specific municipal
statutory powers and duties relative to solid waste management within its jurisdiction;
and
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Spokane County Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management Plan for the region("Plan") on July 21, 1998, including revisions in
4940682
Q8�O6J2003 �05 42P
OFFICE OF CITY GLERK AGR $30,00 Spokane Co, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 2
Spokane County Resolution No. 98-0602; and
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional Solid Waste
Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a necessary solid waste management system
and plan, including appropriate waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter
control provisions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an adequate
_ environmental impact statement and vendor selection process, and after due consideration
of the environmental, social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including
public and governmental comment, and observation of applicable federal, state, and local
procedures, the City and County established a cooperative project for the management,
handling and disposal of solid waste generated within the City and the unincorporated
areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement by a joint
Resolution adopted on November 3, 1987, as superseded by an Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement adopted by the City and County on October 10, 1988, as superseded by
Amended and Restated Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City of Spokane
and Spokane County, WA on April 10, 1989 (hereinafter collectively referred to as the
"County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement"); and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement has
agreed to exercise its police and contract powers, and designate the System as the site for
: disposal of solid waste collected within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow
Control Ordinance, subject to the exceptions set forth therein; and
WHEREAS, Signatory Regional City now desires, in consideration for the City
handling the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to agree to exercise its police powers
to designate the System as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under its control;
NOW THEREFORE, IT IS AGREED:
Section 1: DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Agreement, the following words shall have the following
meanings, unless the context dictates otherwise:
A. Annual Bud�et shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal Year, as adopted
or amended by the City in accordance with Section 8.12 of the Bond
Ordinance.
B. Bond Ordinance means Ordinance C-29285, adopted January 9, 1989 by
the City of Spokane City Council.
� 4940682
08106J2Q03 �05 42P
OFFICE OF CITY C�ERK AGR $30.00 Spoka�e Co, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 3
� C. Citv shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first class charter city
of the State of Washington.
D. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington, a class A county of the
State of Washington.
E. Countv Interlocal Cooperation Agreement shall mean the above
referenced County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the City
and the County for the ownership, financing and management of the
system and any amendments thereof.
F. Disposal Site means a site or sites approved by the Board of County
Commissioners for Spokane County or the Board's Authorized Designee,
where any final treatment, utilization, processing, or deposition of Solid
Waste occurs. This includes, but is not limited to, transfer stations
(included as part of the disposal system of the County), sanitary landfills,
incinerators, composting plants, and the location of a Facility for the
recovery of energy resources from Solid Waste or the conversion of the
energy from such wastes to more useful forms or combinations thereof.
G. Fa_ cilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery steam and electric
generating facility constructed pursuant to the Construction Contract;
such facility is the"Facility"as such term is defined in the Construction
Contract.
H. Hazardous Waste shall mean waste which,by reason of its composition or
characteristics is a toxic substance or hazardous waste as defined in the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 USC 6901 et esq.,
together with its implementing regulations, or in the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TOSCA), 15 USC 2601 et seq., together with its
implementing regulations, or the definitions as promulgated by the State
of Washington as Dangerous Waste or Extremely Hazardous Waste, all as
may be now or hereafter amended from time to time.
I. Recvclable Materials shall mean those materials, other than Recovered
Materials which are separated from Solid Waste, either by the generator at
the source of such Solid Waste or mechanically by the System at any
lawfully authorized transfer station, recycling facility, or other permitted
location, as the case may be, and which are capable of being returned to
the economic mainstream by the System. Recyclable Materials may
include,but shall not be limited to,bottles, aluminum cans, newspapers,
cardboard,paper materials, or other specific commercially marketable
items, where and only where such materials have been specifically sorted
� 4940682
48�Q6(2Q43 �05 42P
OFFICE DF CITY CLERK AGR $30,00 Spokane Co, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
, pledging all solid waste to System
Page 4
by the generator prior to collection and are collected apart from the
common municipal solid waste stream for commercial manufacture or
recycling.
J. Regional Cities shall mean all incorporated cities and towns in Spokane
County, including Signatory Regional City, except the City of Spokane,
which have entered into, or hereafter enter into a Regional City Interlocal
Agreement.
K. Scale Svstem means the scales, scale house, computer hardware and
soflware and associated equipment necessary to operate an automated
. ticketing system.
L. Si atorv Re�ional Cit,y means the City of Spokane Valley, WA.
M. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean all putrecible and
non-putrecible wastes,whether in solid or in liquid form except liquid-
carried industrial wastes and sewage. "Solid Waste"includes garbage,
rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes, swill, demolition and construction wastes,
. abandoned vehicles or parts thereof, discarded home and industrial
appliances,manure, digested sludge, and vegetable or animal solid and
semi-solid materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials
or Hazardous Waste. In addition, all materials deposited in cans or
containers for collection, (other than Recyclable materials or Hazardous
Waste), shall be deemed Solid Waste.
N. S• s�tem_shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid Waste
Management System comprised of all property, real or personal, tangible,
: or intangible that is now owned or hereafter acquired by the City which is
used or useful by the City (i) in connection with the collection and
disposal of Solid Waste generated within the City's boundaries and (ii) in
connection with the disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected
elsewhere and delivered to the System for disposal. As of the iiate hereof,
the System includes, without limitation, the City's Northside Larrdfill, the
City's refuse collection system, and all facilities and equipment
appurtenant thereto, whether real or personal, and vehicles necessary and
incident thereto.
O. Tippin�Fee means the amount charged per ton of Solid Waste for disposal
by the System.
All other capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined, shall have the
meanings given to them in the Bond Ordinance. Otherwise they shall have the same
� 4940682
08�06(20Q3 �05 42P
OFFIGE OF CITY CIERK AGR $30.00 Spokane Co, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 5
meaning as used in other documents referenced in this agreement unless another specific
document is referenced.
Section 2: PURPOSE.
The purpose of this Agreement is to establish the participation of Signatory
Regional City in the System as one of the Regional Cities.
Section 3: SOLID WASTE DIRECTED TO SYSTEM.
A. Signatory Regional City hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to
exercise its police and contractual powers and authority as may now or
hereafter be recognized in contract or at law to direct the deposit of Solid
Waste generated within its geographical boundaries to the System.
B. The following are specifically exempted from the provisions of subsection
A:
1). Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including storage and
handling facilities, minor reclamation of scrap metal, glass,
discarded clothing, paper, and their associated facilities which
leads to resale or reuse of said material where no charge is made
for collection or disposal to the originator.
2). Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken concrete, broken
asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the surface of the ground
whereby such depositing is to be temporary in nature, graded, and
otherwise worked to fill an existing depression or low area of
ground.
3). Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under the surface of
the ground when said waste is being utilized primarily for fertilized
or a soil conditioner, or is being deposited on ground owned or
leased by the person responsible for the production of said waste as
long as depositing such waste does not create a nuisance.
4). Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the surface of the
ground at a Disposal Site that has otherwise been issued a Permit
by a local, state or federal agency to be operated, maintained or
managed for that purpose.
5). Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or under
the surface of the ground at a Disposal Site that has otherwise been
4940682
OFfICE OF CITY CLERK pGR 30 �J�6��Q03 �45 42P
$ .40 Spokane Co, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 6
issued a Permit by a local, state or federal agency consistent with
the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be operated,
. maintained, or managed for this purpose.
6). Establishment and operation of a Woodwaste Landfill site;
"Woodwaste Landfill" being defined in the Spokane County Flow
Control Ordinance, No. 85-0395, section 2 II, adopted May 14,
1985.
. C. The Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management
. Plan will address disposal of all types of waste. The City and
County will include Signatory Regional City in planning for and
opportunities for proper disposal of exempt waste.
Section 4: ADMINISTRATION.
A. Precise or�anization of entitX The entity defined above as the
System has already been created. Signatory Regional City joins
this System by this agreement. The City will manage the System
pursuant to the terms and conditions of the County Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement.
B. The City will provide Signatory Regional City with a copy of the
Annual Budget for the System.
C. Although the City is the administrator of the System, a Policy
Liaison Board has been established by the County Interlocal �
Cooperation Agreement. The Liaison Board already consists of
two delegates from the City of Spokane, two from the County and
one from the Regional Cities. With respect to Signatory Regional
City however, it the intent of the parties that this Signatory
Regional City (Spokane Valley) be entitled to its own separate
voting seat on the Liaison Board, to be created as an additional
sixth seat. Each party stipulates to and/or agrees to seek
amendment of any other applicable interlocal agreements as may
be necessary to accomplish this intention.
D. Holdin , disposin r� eal, personal propertX Any real or personal
property needed for System operations may be acquired, held and
disposed of by the City, as administrator under this agreement. The
City administers all special funds for System operations.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES.
4940682
08�Q6�2003 �05 42P
OFfICE OF CITY CLERK AGR $30.04 Spokane Go, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 7
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at the
� System shall be that established by the City. Tipping Fees shall be
uniform for the same class of service, except that Tipping Fees at .
the System's transfer stations and the Facility may differ to reflect
the costs of transporting Solid Waste from the transfer stations to
the Facility. The City has included and shall continue to include in
the Tipping Fee a "landfill closure component" which will be
allocated between the City, the County, and the Regional Cities as �
provided herein and in the County Interlocal Cooperation
Agreement.
B. If the Signatory Regional City is determined to have liability under
Initiative 97 (RCW. 70.1O5D) or the Comprehensive
_ Environmental Response Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) in connection with any landfill, the System shall
allocate to Signatory Regional City a portion of the revenues from
the landfill closure component of the System's Tipping Fees. Such
allocation of revenues shall be in the same proportion that
Signatory Regional City's Solid Waste generated and delivered to
the System bears to the total non-City [from sources other than the
City of Spokane] Solid Waste generated from all other areas of
Spokane County and delivered to the System each year. The
portion of such non-City Solid Waste delivered to the System by
the Signatory Regional City shall be determined by the population •
of the Signatory Regional City compared to the total non-City
population [people living outside the City of Spokane in all other
areas of Spokane County] or by such other mechanism as may be
mutually agreed upon by the City, the County and the Signatory
Regional City.
C. The landfill closure component of the Tipping Fee will be
increased or decreased periodically as deemed necessary by the
City to generate the amount of funds required by the County or
Regional Cities for landfill closure purposes within the limitations
set forth in the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure component of
the Tipping Fee will be made monthly to reflect. the actual
proportions based upon weight of Solid Waste delivered or caused
to be delivered to the System each year by the City, County, and
Regional Cities. The determination of the total weight of Solid
Waste delivered or caused to be delivered to the system by the
4940682
OB�O6J2043 �05 42P
OFFIGE OF CITY CLERK AGR $30,00 Spokane Co, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 8
City, the County, and Regional Cities, shall be made through the
use of Scale Systems or, at any Disposal Site where Scale Systems
are not available, by converting volumes of Solid Waste to tons of
Solid Waste at the agreed upon ranges of 3 1/3 cubic yards of
compacted Solid Waste to one ton of Solid Waste and 6 2/3 cubic
yards of non-compacted Solid Waste to one ton of Solid Waste.
The determination of whether any particular Solid Waste delivered
to a disposal site by any person is from the City or from other areas
of the County shall be determined by the City through such
methods or systems as the City and the County shall agree and
deem appropriate.
E. Revenue allocated to Signatory Regional City if any shall be
remitted quarterly. Allocable revenues, including interest eamings
. thereon, may be used for the following purposes:
1). To pay landfill closure costs.
2). To fund a reserve for future landfill costs.
3). To pay other collection costs.
4). Any other landfill purpose.
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City, County or Signatory Regional City should impose a utility tax on the
disposal of Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that utility tax on disposal of Solid
Waste generated within the County, either from incorporated or unincorporated areas,
shall be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate and reasonable administrative costs,
between the City, the County and the Regional Cities proportionately based upon the tons
of Solid Waste delivered to the System from the City,the Regional Cities, and the tons of
Solid Waste delivered to the System from other sources. The allocation of the tax will be
pursuant to the method specified in Section SB of this Agreement.
Section 7: UPDATE OF THE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Pursuant to RCW 70.95.080, Signatory Regional City hereby authorizes the
County, acting independently or through its agents or consultants, to prepare a plan for
Signatory Regional City solid waste management as a part of the revisions to the Spokane
County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update in 1989 and every five (5)
years thereafter, including preparation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan, a Recycling
4940682
, 06�06120Q3 �05 42P
OFfICE OF CITY CLERK AGR $30.00 Spokane Co, WR
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 9
Plan and any environmental documents required therefore. The County will provide
drafts of the update and notify Signatory Regional City of ineetings regarding the update.
The Plan and any updates will be submitted to Signatory Regional City for their approval.
Section 8: AMENDMENT.
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written agreement of the
parties.
, Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION.
A This Agreement shall be for an initial term of 8 years or for such �
longer term as any Bonds or Additional Bonds remain Outstanding.
B This Agreement can be terminated early only by written agreement of
the City of Spokane, Spokane County, and the Signatory Regional
City. Upon tertnination of the Agreement, the City shall own the
System and all of its assets. [cross reference, County Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement, Sec. 5.2 e].
Section 10: HEADINGS.
The section headings in this Agreement have been inserted solely for the purpose
�� of convenience and ready reference. In no way do they purport to, and shall not be
deemed to, limit or extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply.
Section 11: ADDITIONAL.
This Agreement contains all of the terms and conditions agreed upon by the
parties. No other understandings, oral or otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this
Agreement shall be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The parties have
read and understand all of this Agreement, and now state that no representation, promise,
or agreement not expressed in this Agreement has been made to induce the parties to
execute the same. Failure to enforce any term or condition in any one instance-shall not
be deemed waiver in other instance. This Agreement shall not be construed to favor any
p�Y•
Section 12: FILING OF THE AGREEMENT.
The City of Spokane and Signatory Regional City shall file this Agreement with
the respective City Clerks and the City shall file this Agreement with the Spokane County
Auditor and Secretary of State.
4940682
48106J2003� 5 42P
OFFIGE OF CITY CLERK AGR $30.00 Spokane Co, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 10
Section 13: SEVERABILITY.
In the event any provision of this Agreement shall be declared by a court of �
competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be affected or impaired
thereby.
Section 14: EFFECTNE DATE.
' This Agreement shall become effective immediately after it is duly adopted by the
Board of Spokane County Commissioners, and the Councils of the Cities of Spokane and
the Signatory Regional City.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties have executed this Agreement by their duly
authorized officials.
�('j� i
DATED this � 9`! day of , 2003.
CITY OF SPOKANE
By. � �.�c�-u.�
Jo owers, ayor
_ ac c
City Administrator
ATTEST:
. F p0�4
,
_ " �1,�
�- �� �
Terri Pfister �
City Clerk �
Approved as to Form:
1�
It`�����if!ti�i�`.`
� c1 � ` .�"_
obert Beau
Assistant City A torney
4940682
08146(20431 �05 42P
OFFIGE OF CITY CLERI( AGR $3Q.00 Spokane Co, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 11
ADOPTED by the Board of County Commissioners of Spokane County, Washington this
�day of , 2003.
04 CO�rss
�4 ���I E Cp�.f�'L
Q, .p'Y-�� �j,. ��
�° :� � ��: �' Jo Roskelle � ChQ�r
. •. � : •
J'A �•. SEAL.•' ��
ATTEST: ��c�
VICKY M. DALTON ip D. arris, -" '
CLE OF THE BOARD
/ ,
�
y: i
Daniela Erickson, Deputy M. Kate c aslin, Commissioner
ATTEST: APPROVED:
niela Erickso cine Boxer
lerk of th B ard Chief Executive Officer
Appro d as to Form:
ames P macio
ivil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
' 4940682
08�06�2003 05142P
OFFIGE OF CITY GLERK AGR $30,00 Spokane Co, WA
Spokane Valley Agreement to Join Regional Solid Waste System as Regional City,
pledging all solid waste to System
Page 12
DATED this_� d day of , 2003.
City of Spokane Valley, WA
Signatory Regional City
By:�� �
City Manager
Attest:
fi c =
City Clerk
Approved as to form:
_ ; � � �
� 't Atto
., .�
OO�P 9'D-/O� 5'
�J �S'G'7 ,
�o�. i i s a�a�E �. 2 �
AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF SPOKANE, .
SPOKANE COUNTY AND THE CITY OF WAVERLY
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. '
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
organized and existing under .and by -virtue -af the laws of the State
of Washington (the "City��) , and :the...Count}� _of -Spokane, a class A-�
county duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws
of the State of Washington {the "County") , have the power to control
the management, handling and disposal of solid waste ('�solid waste
management") within the .City and unincorporated .area of the County
(the "region") , respectively;
WHEREAS, the City of Waverly (hereinafter "Waverly��) is a
city duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the
constitution and laws of the State of Washington, and has the
power to control solid waste management within the City of
Waverly; and
WHEREAS, the County duly adopted a Solid Waste Management
Plan for the region ('tPlan") , which Plan was adopted by Waverly;
and
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a neces-
sary solid waste management system and plan including appropriate
waste reduction and recycling provisions and litter control pro-
visions; and
WHEREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an
adequate environmental impact statement and vendor selection
process, and after due consideration of the environmental,
social, technical, economic and other relevant factors, including
nubl.ic and governmental conunent, and observance af applicable
federal, state, and local procedures, the City and County estab-
lished a cooperative project for the management, handling and
disposal .of solid waste generated within the City and the unin-
corporated areas of the County by execution of an Interlocal
Cooperation Agreement by a joint Resolution adopted on November
3 , 1987, as superseded by an �Interlocal Cooperatian AgreemeMt� `.::: �
adopted by the City and County on october 10, 1958•' (hereinafter
collectively �referre�d to as the "County Interlocal Cooperation '
Agreement") ; and . ,
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperat;ion
Agreement has agreed to exercise its police powers,'� and designate ��
the System, as the site for disposal of solid waste �ollected
within the unincorporated area of the County by its Flow Control
Ordinance subject to the exception set forth therein; and
1 �
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� Y
�o�L 1 � Ei 0 r�cE 12 9
WHEREAS, Waverly now desires, in consideration for the City
handling the disposal of Solid Waste at the System, to agree to
exercise its police power and authority to designate the System
as the sole site for disposal of Solid Waste under its control;
NOW, TFiEREFORE, BETWEEN THE PARTIES HERETO IT IS HEREBy
AGREED AS FOLI,OWS:
Section 1: DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Agreement,� the fo3-��owing words shall have
the following meanings, _unless .the .context �di.ctates .�therwise:
A. Annual BudQet shall mean the System budget for a Fiscal
Year, as adopted or amended by the City in accordance with
Section 8. 12 of the Bond Ordinance. � �
B. Citv shall mean the City of Spokane, Washington, a first
class charter city of the State of Washington.
C. Countv shall mean Spokane County, Washington a class A
caunty of the State of Washington.
D. Countv Interlocal Cooperation Aqreement shall mean the
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between the Cit� and the County
for the ownership, financing and management of the system and any
amendments thereof.
E. Waverlv shall mean the City of Waverly, Washington a
4th class city of the State of Washington.
F. Facilitv shall mean the mass burn resource recovery
steam and electric generating facility to be constructed pursuant
to the Construction Contract; such facility is the ��Facility'� as
such term is defined in the Construction Contract.
G. Reqional Cities shall mean all incorporated cities and
towns in Spokane County, except the City of Spokane, which has
entered into, or hereafter enters into a Regional City InterlocaZ
Agreement. �
H. Solid Waste includes garbage and refuse and shall mean
all putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, whether in solid or
in liquid form except liquid-carried industrial wastes and
sewage; and including garbage, rubbish, ashes, industrial wastes,
swill, demolition and construction wastes, abandoned vehicles or
parts thereof, discarded home and industrial appliances, manure,
digested sludge, vegetable or animal solid and semi-solid
materials. Solid Waste does not include Recyclable Materials or
Hazardous Waste. All materials deposited in cans or containers
for collection, (other than Recyclable Materials or Hazardous
Waste) , shall be deemed Solid Waste.
2
, �
vo�. 1 � fi 0�a�E �3 v
I. Svstem shall mean the existing Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Management System comprised of all property, real or per-
sonal, tangible, or intangible that is now owned or hereafter
acquired by the City and is used or useful by the City (i) in
connection with the collection and disposal of Solid Waste gener-
ated within the City's boundaries and (ii) in connection with the
disposal of Solid Waste generated and collected elsewhere and
delivered to the System for disposal. As of the date hereof, the
System includes, without limitation, (a) the City's Northside•
. landfill, (b) the right of the City to dispose of Solid Waste at
the county's Mica Landfill pursuant .to .�he County Interlocal
Agreement, and (c) the Ci.t_y's refuse coll.ection.system and all
facilities and equipment appurtenant thereto, 'together with all
equipment, rolling stock facilities, properties, whether real or
personal, and vehicles necessary or incident thereto.
All capitalized terms used herein, which are not defined,
shall have the meanings given to them in the Bond Ordinance.
Section 2: PURPOSE.
The purpose of this Agreement is to establish the participa-
tion of Waverly in the System.
Section 3: SOLID WASTE TO SYSTEM.
A. Waverly hereby covenants, agrees and contracts to exer-
cise its police power and authority to direct the deposit of
Solid Waste generated within its geographical boundaries to the
System.
B. The following are specifically exempted from the provi-
sions of subsection A:
(1) Wrecking automobiles and parts thereof including stor-
age and handling- facilities, minor- reclamation of scrap metal, .
glass, discarded clothing, paper, and their associated facilities
which leads to resale or reuse of said material where no charge
is made for collection or disposal to the originator.
(2) Depositing soil, rock, tree stumps, gravel, broken
concrete, broken asphalt, and similar inert wastes onto the
surface of the ground whereby such depositing is to be temporary
in nature, graded, and otherwise worked to fill an existing �
depression or low area of ground. �
(3)� Depositing agricultural Solid Waste onto or under the
surEace of the ground when said waste is being utilized primarily
for fertilized or a soil conditioner, or is being deposited on
ground owned or leased by the person responsible for the produc-
tion of said waste as long as depositinq such waste does not
create a nuisance. '
:����.�..,:.. 3 '
_ _ _._ _ _. _ .__._ . .. _ _
. ; i
� � vo�. 1 �t �� 0�a�E 13 �.
(4) Depositing sewage and/or sludge onto or under the
surface of the ground at a Disposal Site which has otherwise been
issued a Permit by a local, state or federal agency to be
operated, maintained or managed for that purpose.
(5) Depositing Hazardous Wastes or Dangerous Wastes onto or
under the surface of the ground at a .Disposal Site which has
otherwise been issued a Permit by a local, state or federal
agency to be operated, maintained, or managed for this purpose.
(6) Establishment and operation of a Woadwaste Landfill
site.
_ _.. _..
C. The Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Mangement
plan will address dispbsal of all types oP waste. The City and
County will include Waverly in planning For and opportunities
for proper disposal of exempt waste. �
� Section 4: ADMINISTRATION.
A. The City will manage the System pursuant to the terms
and conditions of the� County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
B. The City will provide Waverly with a copy of the Annual
Budget for the System.
C. A representative of the Regional Cities will be a non-
voting member of the Liason Board established by the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
Section 5: TIPPING FEES.
A. The Tipping Fees charged for disposal of Solid Waste at
the System shall be that established by the City. Tipping Fees
shall be uniform for the same class of service, except that
Tipping Fees at the system�s transfer stations and the Facility
may differ to ref�ect the costs of transporting Solid Waste from
the transfer stations to the facility. The City has included and
shall continue to include in the Tippinq Fee a "landfill closure
component" which will be allocated between the City, the County,
and the Regional cities as provided herein and in the County
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement. The Tipping Fees will not be
used for payment of City of Spokane collection costs.
B. If Waverly is determined to have liability under -
Initiative 97 or the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in connection with any
landfill, th� System sha11 allocate to Waverly a portion of the
revenues from the landfill closure component of the $ystem's
tipping fees. Such allocation of revenues shall be in the same
proportion that Waverly�s Solid Waste generated and delivered to
the system bears to the total non-City Solid Waste generated in �
the County and delivered to the System each year. The portion of
non-City Solid �Waste generated and delivered to the System by �
Waverly shall be determined by the population of Waverly compared
4
, •
�0�. 11 f� 0 PAGE 13 2
to the total non-City population of the County or by such other
mechanism as may be mutually agreed upon by the City, the County
and Waverly.
C. The landfill closure component of the Tipping Fee will
be increased or decreased periodically as deemed necessary by the
City to generate the amount of funds required by the County or
Regional Cities for landfill closure purposes. within the limita-
tions set forth in the Couny Interlocal Cooperation Agreement.
D. Allocation of the revenues from the landfill closure
component of the Tipping Fee� �311 -be �ade -aaonthly to reflect the
actual proportions based upon .saeight of Solid :Waste delivered or
caused to be delivered to the System each year by the City,
County, and Regional Cities. The determination of the total
weight of Solid Waste delivered ar caused to be delivered to the
system by the City, the County, and Regional Cities, shall be �
made through the use of Scale systems or, at any Disposal Site
where Scale Systems are not available, by converting volumes of
Solid Waste to tons of Solid Waste at the agreed upon rates of 3
1/3 cubic yards of compacted Solid Waste to one ton of Solid
Waste and 6 2/3 cubic yards of noncompacted Solid Waste to one
tone of Solid Waste. The determination of whather any particuTar
Solid Waste delivered to a disposal site by any person is fram
the City or from other• areas of the County shall be determined by
the City through such methods or systems as the City and the
County shall agree and deem appropriate.
Section 6: UTILITY TAX.
If the City or the County should impose a utility tax on the '
disposal of Solid Waste at the System, the proceeds of that
utility tax on disposal of Solid Waste generated within the
County shall be shared, after the deduction of all appropriate ,
and reasonable administrative costs, between the City, the County
and the Regional Cities proportionately based upon the tons of
Solid Waste delivered to the System from the City, the Regional.
Cities, and the tons of Solid Waste delivered to the System from
other sources. The allocation of the utility tax will be deter-
mined in the manner specified in Section 5C of this Agreement
Section 7: UPDATE OF THE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOZID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN.
Pursuant to RCW 70.95. 080 (3) , Waverly hereby authorizes the
County acting independently, or through its -consultants or
agents, to prepare a plan for Waverly solid waste management as a
part of the revisions to the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management Plan Update in 1989 and every five (5) years
thereafter as provided in RCW 70.95. 110, or as required by the
Washington State Department of Ecology under 60. 95. 100. The 1989
revisions, as well as subsequent amendments to such plan, may
include the preparation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan, a
Recycling Plan and any environmental documents required there-
fore. The City will provide drafts of the Plan and any updates
5
r
� ' � � VQI. 1 � fi �rAGE � 3 3
and will notify Waverly of ineetings in regard to the same. The '
Plan and any updates will be submitted to Waverly for their
approval.
Section 8: AMENDMENT.
Amendment of this Agreement may be made only by written
agreement of the parties.
Section 9: DURATION AND TERMINATION. ,
A. This Agreement shall. be. .for .the. texm of 25 years .or for
such longer term as the Series 1988 Bonds or__any Additional Bonds
remain outstanding.
B. This Agreement can be terminated early only by written
agreement of the parties. �
C. This Agreement shall be renewed automatically for suc-
cessive 20-year terms unless either party agrees not to renew it.
Section 10: HEADINGS. '
The section headings in this Agraement have been inserted
solely for the purpose of convenience and ready reference. In nc
way do they purport to, and shall not be deemed to, limit or
extend the scope or intent of the sections to which they apply.
Section 11: ALL WRITINGS CONTAINED HEREIN.
This Agreement contains all of the terms ar�d canditions
agreed upon by the parties. No other understandings, oral or
otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall
be deemed to exist or to bind any of the parties hereto. The
parties have read and understand all of this Agreement, and now
state that no representation, promise, or agreement not expressed
, in this Agreement has been made to induce the parties to execute
the same.
Section 12 : FILING OF THE AGREEMENT.
The City of Spokane and Waverly shall file this Agreement
with the respective City Clerks and the City shall file this
Agreement with the Spokane County Auditor and Secretary of State.
Section 13 : SEVERABILITY. - -
In the event any provision of this Agreemant shall be de-
_ clared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid,
illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforce-
ability of the remaining provisions shall not, in any way, be
affected or �impaired thereby.
6
i
. � r
� VOI. 1 � �i O r dGE 13 �
IN WITNESS WHEREOF each of the parties have executed this
Agreement by their duly authorized officials. �
DATED this 30� day of ��j 90
---, �� , 195�.
CITY OF SPOKANE
BY��. 'C�arxv�n
Sheri Barnard, Mayor
�� ,
- � �ic-�G
�. � � � _ _ . ----.. Terry :L. ovak, _
�;t ...' " � City Manager �
,r
Attest•s �
; . . .�'' �
_. ---'_=f- - `�: ---
Ci, y� Cl' k
• � -.
Approv:e�'�as•-to- .Form:
'tir �: i .: ..
� _ .. .
� Assistant City Attorney
DATED 'this day of
, 1989.
SPOKANE C Y, WASHINGTON
BY:
ass , Chal an
.
�
Pat ummey, Co issioner
. .
o n R. r , Commissioner
ATT S . � roved:
. ., �� 1 c _
Wi liam -E. Donahue �
Marsha 1 R. Farnell
Clerk of the•-Board - Chief Administrative Officer
ApPr° as orm:
T �+ � % :.:^E.. IF��THIS IS A fRl;�..:�:V
J me . E�a ' CvAR�C��'�OF�t OF THc OAIGI�V,AL�;,�C,�(v;t,�,
� f Civil Deputy Nv' yC ��"1 ONFILEINT'F�ECp�►
��-�-=•.331CNEAS MINUTES OF /�Z- O
Prosecuting Attorney DA Ep?N► ��, l/-`%
� Bv:- .� °� ���
�
F��niE eoa�o
, . ,
�a�. �. 16 Q�acE 13�
Approved as to Form:
James P. Emacio,
Chief Civil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
Attest: City o Wav —�—�_..
. 1 �`
� •�✓' . �_�- , ,
�-- �- _
Ci y Cler _._.. _ � ay�r +
Approved as to form:
City Attorney
REC�I�E� '
FILED �w. RECt'�i���D , ,
REQL�::S- ::- t� �
,
.. . ._ QFC .!3 Z 59 PIi '90
WILLIAl� E. JOhAHUE
AUDITOR
SPOKANE. COUNTY. WASH.
�(�G �.;.1�:��,�J
- - �a.�r�ri9✓ '
8
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901213022�
NO. 90 3�2'7 .. vo1. 116 0 PACE ��r r� .
BEFORE THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF SPOKANE COUNTY, '
WASHINGTON
IN THE MATTER OF AUTHORIZING THE EXECUTION )
QF AN INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE )
CITY OF SPOKANE, SPOKANE COUNTY AND ) RESOLUTION
THE CITY OF WAVERLY )
WHEREAS, the City of Spokane, a first class charter city duly
arganized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington and the County of Spokane, a class A county duly
organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State
of Washington, have the power to control the management, handling
and disposal of solid waste within the City and unincorporated
areas of thc County, respectively; and
WHEREAS, the City of wAVERLY, is a city duly organized and existing
under and by virtue of the constitution and laws of the State of
Washington, and has the power to control solid waste management
within the City; and
WHEREAS, the City and County initiated the Spokane Regional Solid
Waste Disposal Project in 1984 in order to develop a necessary � '
solid waste management system and plan including appropriate waste
reduction and recycling provisions and litter control provisions;
and
WIiLREAS, after years of planning and the completion of an adequate
environmental impact statement and vendor selection process, and
after due consideration �of the environmental, social, technical,
economic and other relevant factors, including public and
governmental comment, and observance of applicable federal, state,
and local procedures, the City and County established a cooperative
project for the management, handling and disposal of solid waste
generated within the City and the unincorporated areas of the
County by execution of an Interlocal Cooperation Agreement by a
joint Resolution adopted on November 3, 1987, as superseded by an
Interlocal Cooperation Agreement adopted by the City and County on
October 10, 1988; and
WHEREAS, the County, by the County Interlocal Cooperation Agreement
has agreed to exercise its police powers, and designate the System,
as �the Site for disposal• of solid waste collected within the
° unincorporated areas of the County, by its Flow Control Ordinance
subject to the exception set forth therein; and
WHEREAS, the City of Waverly now desires, in consideration for the
City handling the disposal of solid waste at the System, to agree
to exercise its police power and authority to designate the System
as the sole site for disposal of solid waste under its control.
BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED by the Board of County Commissioners of
Spokane County, Washington, that either the Chairman of the Board
or a majority of Board members is hereby author'zed to execute that
certain agreement titled "An Interlocal Agree nt between the City
of Spokane, Spokane County and the City of WavVrly" attached hereto
and incorporated herein by reference.
APPROVED BY THE BOARD this BOARD Or OU Y COMMISSIONERS
11 day of December, 1990. OF S UNTY, WASHINGTON
. �
ATTEST: STE HASS , CHAIRMAN
WILLI E. DONAHUE '
' CLERK F HE BOARD ����
J R. MCB
AY• �
R NE MONTAGUE, E U Y 'f�1TR2CIA' A. MUMMEY
WAVERLYWE.1 1
88-a�8y o�R 8�--s���..
7-12-88 agree\plan.jpe
Including Liaison Bd.&
G.reg Smith recommendations
INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT FOR PERIODIC UPDATEJREVISION
OF THE CQMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
�f
THIS INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT, made and entered into as of the
�� day of , 198�, by and between the CITY OF
SPOKANE, a municipal corporation of the State of Washington,
having offices for the transaction of business at West 808 Spokane
Falls Blvd., Spokane, Washington, 99201, (hereinafter referred ta
as the "City"), and SPOKANE COUNTY, a political subdivision of the
State af Washington, having offices for the transaction of
business at West 1116 Broadway Avenue, Spokane, Washington, 99260,
(hereinafter referred to as the "County") , jointly referred to,
alonq with the City, as the "Parties".
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 36.58 RCW, the
Caunty may own and operate solid waste facilities; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to the provisions of RCW Section 35.92.022,
the City is authorized to provide a system of solid waste disposal
for the City of Spokane; and
WHEREAS, the City and County may contract between each other
to jointly perform functions which each may individually perfarm;
and '
WHEREA5, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 70.95 RCW, the
County, in' cooperation with various cities located within the
- County, shall. prepare a coardinated comprehensive solid waste
rnanagement plan and update the same as provided by law; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to the above-cited statutory sections, the
City and Caunty desire to enter into an interlocal agreement,
pursuant to which both entities, along with other cities which,
pursuant ta RCW Section 70.95.080, desire to au�horize the County
to act on their behalf, will agree that the Spokana Regional Solid
Waste Disposal Praject shall act as each entities's representative
concerning:
Page - 1
,
, �
(1) Preparation of revisions to the Spokane County
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update, (1984) , in
1989 and every five {5} years thereafter.
t2) Preparatio� of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan as an
element af the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste
management Plan Update (1989) ;
i3) Preparation of a Recycling Plan as an element of
the Spokane Caunty Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan
Update, {1989) ; and
i4� Preparation of any environmental documents required
for Stems 1, 2 and 3.
NOW, THEREFdRE, FOR AND IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual
pramises set farth hereinafter, the Parties do mutually agree as
follows:
,_ Section 1: PURPOSE
The purpose of this Agreement is to set forth the conditions
under which the City and County will agree that the Spokane .
Regional Solid Waste Dispasal Project shall act as each entities
representative with regard to the preparation of revisions to the
Spakane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update
{1984) ; preparation of a Local Hazardous Waste Plan; preparation
of a recycling plan; and preparatian of any environmental
doauments relating thereto.
Section 2: DESIGNATION OF PROJECT OFFICE/FUNCTIONS
The County and City hereby designate the Spokane Regional
Solid Waste Disposal Project ("Project") as their joint represen-
tative, as authorized under RCW 70.95.Q8Q, for the purpose .of
• administering:
{1) Preparation of revisions to the Spokane County Com-
prehensive Solicl Waste Management Plan Update, {1989} , and
every five (5) years thereafter;
(2) Preparation of a Lacal Hazardous Waste Plan as an
element of the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste
Management Plan Update, (1989) ;
Page - 2
(3) Preparation of a Recycling Plan as an element of
the Spokane Couatg Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan
Update (1989): .and
(4} Preparation of any environmental dacuments required
for Items 1, 2, and 3.
In conjunction with administering the preceding four (4)
functions and to comply with the pravisions of chapter 39.80 RCW,
the Parties do hereby establish a Consultant Selection Review
Committee, (the "Committee") . The Committee shall be comprised of
the following members:
(a) Spokane Regional Solid Waste Disposal Project,
Assistant Director;
(bj Spokane Regional Solid Waste Disposal Project,
Waste ReBuction/Recycling Coordinator;
(c} One Solid Waste Advisory Committee member, to be
designated by SWAC;
{d) City of Spokane Refuse Director; and
{e� A County representative to be designated by the
Board of County Commissioners.
The Project shall provide necessary staff to assist the
Committee in performing the following funetions:
{i} To prepare, with assistance from the Project, a
Request for Qualifications and Proposals (RFQ/P) for the
' employment of a consultant to perform the above four (4)
functions, (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan Update".
Additionally, to prepare criteria (including weights assigned
thereto) to be used in evaluating responses to RFQ/P's
`°� submitted far the Plan Update. The RFQJP and criteria, once
prepared and reviewed by the Committee, shall be submitted to
the Liaisan Board for consideration. The Liaison Board shall
make a recommendation on tna RF�;P to the respective
legislative authorities of the City and Caunty, which shall
approve, disapprove or modify the same.
tii) To evaluate responses to RFQ/P's submitted, based
Page - 3
upan approved criteria, (including weights assigne8 thereto)
and shartl'ist the consultants responding. .
(iii) To interview all consultants which are short-
listed, and based upon such interview and such RFQ/P
criteria, (including weights assigned �thereto) , recommend to
the Liaison Board a consultant which is the mast highly
qualified to provide services required for. the Plan Update.
The Liaison Board will consider the recommendation of the
Committee and forward their recommendation ta the respective
legislative bodies of the City and County for their con-
sideration. Subsequent to the legislative bodies of the
City and Caunty receiving a recommendation from the Liaisan
. Board as to the consultant which is the most highly qualified
for the Plan Update, the legislative bodies shall individual-
__ 1� or jointly designate the most highly qualified consultant
for the Plan Update, and direct the Project, walong with ap-
propriate staff, to negotiate a contract with the consultant
designated as the most highly qualified. The contract shall
have provisions as required by applicable state laws.
In the event the Project is unable to negotiate a
contract with the consultant initially designated as most
highly qualified for the Plan Update, under terms which the
Project determines to be fair and reasonable, negotiations
with such consultant shall be farmally terminated, after
action by both the City and County legislative authorities,
and negotiations with the consultant subsequently designated
by the legislative bodies from the shartlisted firms shall
~ commence. The City and County legislative bodies shall
determine, based upon a recommendation from the Project,
whether or nat ang consultant, designated as the "mast highly
q�aal;fie��+ is +,�R?d1�Zing tc �xe�ute a contract which the
Parties feel is satisfactory and at a price which the Parties
determine ta be fair and reasanable.
Once a contract has been successfully negotiated between
t.he Project and consultant, the Praject shall submit the
Page - 4
negatiated contract ta the Liaison Board for review and
action. The Liaison Board shall make a recommendation on the
negotiated contract to the City and County legislative
bodies, which shall approve, disapprove or modify the
contract.
Both Parties agree to make available their respective staffs
to assist the Project in performing those functions set forth in
this Agreement.
The Parties further agree that the Project shall be desig-
nated to manage and direct the work of the consultant.
Section 3: FINANCIAL PARTIGIFATION BY PAR.TIES
The Project shall prepare a yearly budget for review by the
Liaison Board and respective legislative bodies for the functions
being performed by the Project and consultant under the terms of
� this Agreement. The Parties recognize that funds necessary to
support all budgeted items shall come from tipping fees generated
fram the disposal of solid wastes at City and County landfills or
other Spokane Regional Solid Waste Disposal Project funds.
The Parties agree to execute any and all necessary documents
for grants which may be available under chapter 7d.95 RCW or other .
applicable law, to pay for all or a portion of the functions/ser-
vices to be performed by the Project or selected consultant under
the terms of this Agreement.
Section 4: PROCESSING. OF MODIFICATIONS TQ PLAN UPDATE
The Parties recognize that the County, pursuant to chapter
70.95 RCW and chapter 36.70 RCW has the statutory duty to adopt
�
the Spokane County .COmprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan as
updated and revised upon the successful cornpletion by the
cansultant of those functions provided for in Section 1 herein-
above. Accordingly, in the event the Cauntg, as result of public
hzarir,g�� 3���rrin�s a TGuiiiGc�i�3aa Oi �i12 fiiT1C'�idiiS descr�.bed 1T'i
Section 1 hereinabove is necessary prior to adopting the same,
andlor forwarding the Spokane County Comprehensive 5olid Waste
Ma*�agement Plan to the Washington State Department of Ecology far
Paqe - 5
review and approval, the Parties agree that the Project shall
process such modifications under the terms of this Agreement.
Section 5: MISCELLANEOUS
{1) No madification or amendment to this Agreement shall be
valid until the same is reduced to writing and executed with the !
same formalities as the present Agreementit.
(2) This Agreement contains all the terms and conditions
agreed upon by the Parties. No other understanding, orals ar
otherwise, regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall be
deemed to exist or to bind any of the Parties hereto. The Parties
state that no representation, promise or agreement nat expressed
in this Agreement has been made to induae any Party ta execute the
same.
(3) Neither Party may terminate this Aqreement unless: (i)
�- the functions enumerated in Section 1 hereinabove to be performed
by the Project and consultant have been completed to the satisfac-
tion af both Parties; or (ii) the Parties mutually agree to
terminate the Agreement; or {iiij either Partg gives written
not•ice to the other Party six (6} months prior to January first of
any calendar year in which a Plan. Update is required by law.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have caused this
Agreement to be executed the day and �ear first set forth above.
BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
OF SPQKAI3E COUNTY, WASFIINGTON
',,����-b.�t.
ac..��4�C.-Y �!1/L�,l.vu��
�
ATTEST:
WILLIAM ONAHUE,
Clerk f + e Board
L-l.':�.` ..--o.. _._ __ .__._....,
$;ls . � ,,,,.
Deputy C1erk�4�� CITY OF SPbKANE
. .____----1�,�,�
'1/l�City Manager _
ATT�ST: . ,,t.ti:;` {? 7��,-;
� � Approved as �tb form:
-,-�,..a.. ,
,
C�. Clerk � /;
� '
A sista t ity Attorney
Page - 6
PASSED AND ADOPTED this �p day of , lggg,
BOARD OF COUNfiY COMMISSIONERS
OF SPOKANE ,COUNTY, WASHINGTON
�... �
ATTEST: �
WILLIAM . DONAHtTE,
c^.lerk f _he Board
By ,,,�C.,
eputy Clerk
l
�� �
Retuan to:
City Clerk
City of Spokane �
SO$West Spokane Falls Blvd.
Spokane,Washington 992Q1
Spokane City Clerk File QPR 8$-492
Spokane County File 88-0689
�
AMENDMENT NQ. 1 TD
INTERLOCAL AGREEMENT FOR PERI�DIC UPDATE/REVISION
OF THE COMPREHENSNE SOLID WASTE MANAGMENT PLAN
WHEREAS the City of Spokane, WA and Spokane County, WA have previously
entered into an agreement entitled �Interlocal Agreement For Periodic
Updatc/Revision Of The Cornprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan," dated
July 18, 1988, (°Agreement") and now desire ta modify said Agreement,
NOW THEREFORE, the Agreement is amended as follows:
1. Secti.on 2 is amended by inserting after subparagraph (4} on p. 3, the
following replacement language, running down tkirough the first paragraph
denoted (iii);on p. 4:
In conjunetion with administering the preceding four (4) functions
and to comply with the provisions af chapter 39.80 RCW, the Parties do hereby
establish a Consultant Selection Review Comrnittee, (the "Committee"). The
Committee shall be comprised of the following members:
Page 1 of 4
I
�al O�e {17 County representativ to be de��gnated b,Y the Board
of Countv Commissionersi
(bj 'I�vo (21 Ci�y of Spokane re,prp ese�itatives. to be designated bv
th t city�
{c) One (1) City of Snol�e��l�llev representative. to be
desi�txated by that city:
jdl One_(,lj Re¢ional Cities representative. to be designated by
the regional cities Liaison Board representative;
(e) Qne (1) Solid Wa�tc Advisory Cornmittee member. to be
� designated bv SWAC; and ��
�
� (f�_ The�roject man�ger designated by the System Director.
The Project sha21 provide necessary staff to assist the Committee in
performing the following funetions:
(i) To prepare, with assistance from the Project� a Request for
Qualifications and Proposals (RFQ/P) for the employment of a consultant to
perform the above four (4) functions, (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan
Update"). Additionally, to prepare criteria (including weights assigned thereto)
to be used in evaluating responses to RFQ/P's submitted for the Plan Update.
The RFQ/P and criteria, once prepared and reviewed by the Committee, shall
be submitted to the Liaison Board for consideration. The Liaison Board shall
make a recommendation on the RFQ/P to the respective legislative authorities
of the City and County, which shall approve, disapprove or modify the saine.
T}�� scope of work and criteria�repaz�d bv City and County �taff within
the RFQ j P dated 10 j 21 I04 �nd approved by the Regional Solid Waste Liaison
Boand_��cember 6� 2�Q4. will be submit�ed to �the respg�tive legislative
authQri�ies of�e City and Count�y for �roval. disa�proval, or modification of
samg without further greparation ar review bv the Committee.
Page 2 of 4
(ii) To evaluate responses to RFQ/P's submitted� based upon approved
criteria, (including weights assigned thereto) and shortlist the consultants
responding.
(iu) To interview all cansultants which are shortlisted, and based upon
such interview and such RFQ/P criteria, (including weights assigned theretoj,
recommend to the Liaison Board a consultant which is the most highly
qualified ta provide services required for the Plan Update. The Liaison Board
will consider the recammendation of the Committee and forward their
recommendation to the respective legislative bodies of the.City and County for
their consideration. Subsequent to the legislative bodies of the City and
County receiving a recommendation from the Liaison Board as to the
consultant which is the most highly qualifed for the Plan Update, the
legislative bodies shall individually or jointly designate the most highly
qualified consultant for the Plan Update, and direct the Project, along with ap-
propriate staff, to negotiate a contract with the consultant designated as the
most highly qualified. The contract shall have provisions as required by
applicable state laws.
2. Thereafter, the Agreement shall continue as already provided, starking
with the second full paragraph in the middle of page 4 which begins: �In the
event the Project is unable to negotiate...'°. In all other respects, the Agreement
shall continue in fiill force and effect.
3. Any changes herein in head.ing designation and enumeration of
subparagraphs are for convenience only and shall not reflect any intent to
otherwise alter the meaning �cept as expressly provided in the text of the
Agreement itself.
Page 3 of 4
4. This amendment takes effect on approval by both parties.
Approved on � ���ITY O SPO
`` F SPp
BY: C ��,
. YO '�
Attest:
City Clerk
jG
APP OVED AS TO�FORM: �•sJ��G.�p1s .
,
t'
�
s " t City Atto
ADOPTED by the Boar of Coun ommissioners of Spokarxe.County,
Washington this��ay of , 200�5.
.�
,r�.,,-
�; .
vF C,Ohq,L�.S�
, � Nti c� vr
cn�.:�°� ` [� o�
• "��• �v,
• � � � P I P D. HARRIS, Chair
�� : a
�'� '• SEAL .� QiQ'
��''E'ctx�' �
ATTEST: �„� �v� �
VICKY M. DALTON TODD MIELKE, Vice-Chair
CLERK OF THE B4ARD
� ' `
aniela Erickson, Deputy , Commission ,r--�_
APPROVE AS TO FO
� �
Deputy Prose uting Attorney
Pagc 4 of 4
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
Appendix B: Waste Flow Analysis
1.1 Introduction and Purpose
The objective of the waste flow analysis is to document the quantity and composition of waste
associated with each of the four waste-producing sectors: commercial waste, residential waste,
construction and demolition (C&D)waste, and self-hauled waste. The analysis also provides estimates
of the amount of each recoverable material present in each waste stream and waste quantities for each
jurisdiction within the county. These quantity and composition estimates serve to inform financial and
other analysis models used in drafting Spokane County's Solid Waste Management Plan.
1.2 Overall Findings
The estimated quantity of waste disposed from Spokane County in 2004 from residential, commercial,
self-hauled, and C&D waste sectors totaled 424,300 tons. Residents contributed the largest share
(135,300 tons), followed by the commercial waste stream (124,000 tons). C&D waste totaled 118,000
tons, and self-hauled waste, the smallest sector, totaled 47,000 tons. Waste from the City of Spokane
accounts for the largest share of the County's waste, contributing almost 217,800 tons. Spokane
Valley accounts for the next largest share with 99,300 tons. Waste from all other cities combined totals
53,000 tons. Unincorporated Spokane County accounts for 51,200 tons while a small fraction of waste,
3,000 tons comes from outside of Spokane County. Figure 1 shows these tons by waste sector and
jurisdiction.
Figure 1: 2004 Disposed Tons by Jurisdiction and Waste Sector
250,000 j
!
200,000 ❑Self-hauled(47,000 tons)
❑C&D(118,000 tons)
150,000 ❑Commercial(124,000 tons)
■Residential(135,300 tons)
100,000
50,000
0
Spokane Spokane Valley Liberty Lake Other Cities Unincorporated Outside
Spokane
County
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-1
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
A considerable portion of disposed tons could potentially be diverted from Spokane County's waste
stream, either through recycling or composting. Of the 424,300 tons disposed, an estimated 296,800
tons (70%) could be recycled or composted. Figure 2 shows the proportion of Spokane County waste
that consists of recyclable paper, other recyclables, compostables, and other materials.
Figure 2: Waste Composition &Recoverability,
Overall Spokane County
Recyclable
Paper
Other Materials 15%
30%
Other
Recyclables
31%
Com postables
24%
Materials with well established markets and relatively low recycling rates represent key opportunities to
increase recycling in Spokane County. Key opportunities for increasing recycling include:
o Paper—Spokane County currently disposes of an estimated 7,300 tons of newspaper, 18,500
tons of cardboard, and 40,000 tons of mixed paper.
o Plastics—The supply of recyclable plastics currently disposed includes an estimated 1,400
tons of PETE, 2,000 tons of HDPE, and 18,100 tons of other recyclable plastics, including #3-
#7 bottles and containers, as well as plastic film.
o Glass—Almost 8,300 tons of recyclable container glass is currently disposed in Spokane
County.
o Metal—Overall, Spokane County recycles the majority of its metals, but opportunities may still
exist for aluminum cans (700 tons disposed) and tin can/other ferrous metal (18,200 tons
disposed).
o Organics—Large portions of Spokane County's yard waste is currently composted; however,
opportunities remain to divert food waste (65,000 tons disposed), wood (47,400 tons
disposed), compostable paper (20,400 tons disposed), and textiles (8,500 tons disposed).
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-2
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
1.3 Summary of Methods
The following five sections outline the methods used to complete the waste flow analysis for Spokane
County.
1.3.1 Waste Sectors Defined
To characterize the waste in Spokane County, four sources of waste generation were defined. These
four waste sources are:
o Commercial waste—waste from businesses collected by the City of Spokane or by
Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC) permitted haulers.
o Residential waste—waste from single family residents or multi-family residents collected by
the City of Spokane or by WUTC permitted haulers.
o C&D waste— inert waste generated from construction, remodeling, or demolition activities.
o Self-hauled waste—waste brought to a facility by an entity other than the City of Spokane or
WUTC permitted hauler.
1.3.2 Quantities of Disposed Waste
Determining the quantity of disposed waste by sector and jurisdiction involved two methods of data
collection. Cascadia first requested and obtained facility-specific disposal tonnage data from the
Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology)or from the System. Next, Cascadia staff and, for
some facilities, disposal facility staff, conducted approximately 2,400 vehicle surveys. The vehicle
surveys were conducted in the spring of 2006. Please refer to Attachment A for a copy of the surveyor
instruction sheet and survey form. During the randomly chosen survey days, each vehicle during a 7.5
hour period was surveyed to determine the waste sector,jurisdiction of origin, and type of materials
brought for disposal. The proportions from the survey data were then applied to the disposal tonnage
quantity data to create waste profiles for each sector and each jurisdiction. For certain small cities in
Spokane County, the resulting calculation of disposed tonnage based on the survey was unrealistically
low. For these cities, an estimate of disposed tons by source (residential versus commercial)was
obtained from the city's contracted hauler.
1.3.3 Quantities of Recycled Materials
Each year, Ecology conducts a confidential survey of all recyclers in Washington State to obtain
recycling and diverted tonnage data by material type. To assess the quantity of material recycled or
diverted from Spokane County, Cascadia requested and obtained two sources of data from Ecology
related to the annual recycling survey. The first source showed 2004 Spokane County tons recycled
and diverted by material. The second data file contained the list of Spokane County respondents from
2002, 2003, and 2004 survey years. Cascadia then examined the list of respondents to identify
recyclers that had responded to the survey in 2002 or 2003 but had not responded in 2004. Cascadia
interviewed these non-respondents to determine the quantity and type(s)of material they recycled and
diverted in 2004. These tonnage figures were then added to Ecology's survey data to provide a more
complete accounting of the total tonnage recycled and diverted from Spokane County's waste stream.
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B3
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
1.3.4 Waste Modeling
To characterize the waste disposed from each sector, Cascadia modeled each stream using existing
waste characterization data and Spokane County disposal, recycling, and diversion tonnages.
To estimate the composition of residential waste, Cascadia first establish the total generation
(disposal plus recycling/diversion)of each material, based on the adjusted Ecology survey data
and the residential waste composition profile from King County, Washington (excluding the City of
Seattle).� Cascadia then derived disposal quantities for each material and adjusted the estimates
based on findings from the Spokane County facility surveys.
For the commercial waste stream, Cascadia utilized industry group waste composition profiles from
generator-based sampling conducted in California.2 Based on Spokane County's employment
data, and per employee disposal rates from the California studies, Cascadia estimated the waste
composition and quantities for each of 36 industry groupings. By adding together these estimates
for the individual industry groups and making adjustments to reconcile with known recycling figures,
Cascadia estimated Spokane County's commercial sector waste composition profile. Attachment B
contains the modeled composition data for each of the 36 industry groupings.
The composition of Spokane County's C&D and self-hauled waste was derived from waste
composition studies conducted in King County, Washington (excluding the City of Seattle).3
Adjustments to the composition profiles were made to account for significant differences in
recycling efforts or recycling availability in Spokane County. These composition estimates were
also adjusted based on the facility survey findings and load observations.
1.3.5 Recoverability Categories
Waste materials were grouped into four categories based on their recoverability. The four categories are:
o Recyclable Paper—Paper materials that are recyclable in Spokane County either through
curbside collection or drop-off programs.
o Other Recyclables— Non-paper materials that are recyclable/divertible in Spokane County.
o Compostables— Materials that can be composted.
o Other Materials—Disposed materials that can not be easily recycled/diverted in Spokane
County.
� The data set used for the residential waste composition profile comes from the King County Monitoring Program 2002-2003
Waste Characterization Study and Customer Survey Report,April 2004,page E-3.
2 The three generator based sampling studies used to model Spokane County's commercial waste stream are:
Statewide Waste Characterization Study: Results and Final Report, California lntegrated Waste Management
Board, 1999.
Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste for the City of Los Angeles,City of Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation,
Solid Resources Citywide Recycling Division,2001.
Targeted Statewide Waste Characterization Study:Waste Disposal and Diversion Findings for Selected Industry
Groups, California lntegrated Waste Management Board,2006.
3 The data set used for the self-hauled waste composition profile comes from the King County Monitoring Program Waste
Characterization Study and Customer Survey Report,April 2004,page D-7. The C&D waste composition profile comes from
the King County Waste Monitoring Program Construction and Demolition Waste Characterization and Recycling Industry
Profile,2002,page 2-8.
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-4
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
1.4 Findings
The following sections present the results of the waste flow analysis. Section 1.3.1 provides disposal
estimates by Spokane County jurisdiction and waste sector. Sections 1.3.2 through 1.3.5 present the
composition and recoverability of residential, commercial, self-hauled, and C&D disposed waste,
respectively. Section 1.3.6 shows the estimated quantity of materials recycled in Spokane County
while Section 1.3.7 concludes with commodity specific recycling rates and opportunities for increased
diversion.
1.4.1 Quantities of Disposed Waste
Table 1 shows estimated tons disposed by jurisdiction and waste sector. As shown, the residential
sector accounts for the largest share of the waste at 32%(135,300 tons), followed by the commercial
sector with 29% (124,000 tons). C&D disposed waste accounted for an estimated 28% (118,000 tons)
of Spokane County waste, while self-hauled material totaled 11%(47,000 tons).
Table 1: 2004 Tons Disposed by Jurisdiction and Waste Sector
Self-
Jurisdiction Residential Commercial hauled C&D Total
Spokane 80,764 64,641 14,682 57,686 217,773
Spokane Valley 35,075 30,018 10,766 23,471 99,331
Liberty Lake 2,017 2,185 424 893 5,520
Other Jurisdictions
Airway Heights 999 1,039 872 12,342 15,252
Cheney 2,128 6,914 1,506 3,414 13,962
Deer Park 704 1,005 1,457 1,141 4,307
Fairchild Air Force Base 2,681 945 381 569 4,575
Fairfield 110 90 90 33 323
Latah 59 48 0 212 319
Medical Lake 3,518 691 863 1,235 6,308
Millwood 633 674 184 237 1,728
Rockford 90 74 0 0 165
Spangle 163 133 48 74 418
Waverly 77 63 0 0 141
Unincorporated County 6,041 15,401 14,283 15,511 51,236
Outside Spokane
County 258 71 1,431 1,217 2,977
Total 135,317 123,993 46,989 118,035 424,334
Propo�-tiorl 32% 29% 11% 28% 100%
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-5
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
1.4.2 Composition and Recoverability of Residential Disposed Waste
Disposed waste from Spokane County residents totaled an estimated 135,000 tons in 2004. Figure 3
shows the proportion of the residential waste stream that consists of recyclable paper, other
recyclables, compostable material, and other non-recyclable materials. Table 2 shows detailed
composition results for residential waste.
o Nearly a quarter(24%) of residential waste consists of recyclable paper. This includes
mixed paper(25,900 tons), cardboard and Kraft paper (4,200 tons), and newspaper(2,700
tons).
o Other recyclables account for 20%. Many of these recyclables are traditionally collected in
curbside programs, such as glass containers (4,900 tons), metal food and beverage cans
(3,500 tons), and plastic bottles and containers (3,400 tons).
o More than a third (36%) of Spokane County's residential waste could be composted.
The compostable fraction includes food waste (35,900 tons), food soiled/compostable paper
(8,300 tons), and yard wastes (4,700 tons).
Figure 3: Waste Composition &Recoverability,
Residential Disposed Waste
Other
Materials Recyclable
19.8°/o Paper
24.3%
Other
Compostables Recyclables
19.8/o
36.2%
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-6
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
Table 2: Detailed Waste Composition, Residential Disposed Waste4
Material Percent Tons Material Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper Other Materials
Newspaper 2.0% 2,680.6 Bleached polycoat paper 0.4% 486.9
OCC/Kraft paper 3.1% 4,231.8 Paper/other materials 1.2% 1,617.6
Mixed paper 19.1% 25,905.4 Gift wrap paper 0.1% 81.9
Subtotal 24.3% 32,817.8 Other paper 0.3% 472.3
Other Recyclables Polystyrene foam 0.5% 638.2
PET#1 plastic bottles 0.5% 656.6 Other plastic packaging 0.7% 963.5
HDPE#2 plastic bottles 0.6% 843.1 Plastic products 0.6% 817.8
Other plastic containers 1.4% 1,931.5 Foam rubber/padding 0.1% 151.9
Plastic film and bags 4.9% 6,569.6 Plastic/other materials 0.8% 1,039.8
Glass containers 3.6% 4,883.0 Other colored glass containers 0.0% 0.2
Aluminum cans 0.3% 426.4 Other glass 0.4% 563.4
Other aluminum&nonferrous 0.4% 480.6 Mixed metals/materials 1.2% 1,585.9
Food cans&otherferrous 2.3% 3,120.8 Disposable diapers 4.2% 5,622.6
Gas metal cylinders 0.0% 63.0 Rubber products 0.2% 241.4
Textiles/clothes 1.9% 2,602.3 Animal carcasses 0.0% 0.0
Carpet/upholstery/other textiles 1.8% 2,376.2 Animal feces 3.2% 4,378.6
Dimensional lumber 1.6% 2,224.0 Miscellaneous organics 0.9% 1,272.9
Other wood 0.1% 133.7 Treated wood 0.2% 291.3
Electronics 0.2% 306.7 Contaminated wood 0.5% 631.5
Tires 0.0% 0.0 Roofing/siding 0.1% 92.7
Used oil 0.0% 0.0 Construction/demolition materials 1.2% 1,657.5
Vehicle batteries 0.0% 0.0 Ashes 0.1% 84.4
Household batteries 0.0% 22.8 Nondistinctfines 1.2% 1,620.9
Alkaline/button cell batteries 0.1% 99.0 Gypsum wallboard 0.5% 635.1
Subtotal 19.8% 26,739.3 Furniture/mattresses 0.9% 1,154.3
Compostables Small appliances 0.1% 99.9
Food wastes 26.6% 35,930.0 Miscellaneous inorganics 0.3% 384.1
Prunings&Stumps 0.1% 172.6 Latex paint 0.0% 2.7
Yard wastes 3.4% 4,558.4 Oil-based paint 0.0% 9.0
Compostable paper 6.1% 8,270.7 Solvents/thinners 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 36.2% 48,931.7 Adhesives/glues 0.0% 19.5
Cleaners and corrosives 0.0% 13.4
Pesticides/herbicides 0.0% 25.2
Gas/fuel oil 0.0% 21.9
Antifreeze 0.0% 12.6
Medical waste 0.0% 48.4
Mercury-containing waste 0.0% 1.3
Other hazardous 0.1% 87.7
Subtotal 19.8% 26,828.3
Total 100.0% 135,317.0
4 Each Spokane County waste stream was modeled using existing waste composition data from different study years and/or
jurisdictions in the western United States. For this reason,the material categories presented in Tables 2 through 5 will differ
slightly for each waste stream.
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-7
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
1.4.3 Composition and Recoverability of Commercial Disposed Waste
Disposed waste from Spokane County businesses totaled an estimated 124,000 tons in 2004. Figure 4
shows the proportion of the commercial waste stream that consists of recyclable paper, other
recyclables, compostable material, and other non-recyclable materials. Table 3 shows detailed
composition results for commercial waste.
o Over one-fifth (21%) of commercial disposed waste consists of recyclable paper. This
includes uncoated corrugated cardboard and paper bags (8,900 tons), colored and white
ledger paper(5,600 tons), newspaper(4,300 tons), computer and other office paper(3,600
tons), and magazines and catalogs (2,800 tons).
o Other recyclables account for 21% of the commercial disposed waste stream. These
recyclables include primarily film plastic(6,100 tons), recyclable lumber(4,900 tons), textiles
(4,400 tons), glass containers (3,100 tons), ferrous metal (2,100 tons), and aluminum/tin/steel
cans (1,300 tons).
o More than a third (35%) of Spokane County's commercial waste could be composted.
The compostable fraction of this stream includes food waste (27,000 tons), food
soiled/compostable paper(11,600 tons), and yard wastes (4,700 tons).
Figure 4: Waste Composition &Recoverability,
Commercial Disposed Waste
Other Recyclable
Materials Paper
23.4% � 20.5%
Other
Recyclables
21.2%
Compostables
34.9%
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-8
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
Table 3: Detailed Waste Composition, Commercial Disposed Waste
Material Percent Tons Material Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper Other Materials
Newspaper 3.5% 4,335.8 Remainder/Composite Paper 8.1% 10,036.0
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 6.6% 8,134.5 Durable Plastic Items 1.8% 2,271.0
Paper Bags 0.6% 762.5 Remainder/Composite Plastic 2.2% 2,726.5
White Ledger Paper 4.3% 5,281.7 Flat Glass 0.3% 322.8
Computer Paper 0.5% 574.6 Other Colored Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 19.6
Colored Ledger Paper 0.2% 275.9 Remainder/Composite Glass 0.4% 484.3
Other Office Paper 2.4% 3,005.1 Remainder/Composite Metal 1.8% 2,225.7
Magazines and Catalogs 2.2% 2,754.1 Remainder/Composite Organic 4.9% 6,058.1
Phone Books and Directories 0.3% 328.9 Gypsum Board 0.2% 306.6
Subtotal 20.5% 25,453.2 Asphalt Roofing 0.0% 10.0
Other Recyclables Remainder/Composite Construction&Demolition 1.4% 1,697.7
PETE Containers 0.5% 625.6 Bulky Items 0.3% 358.4
HDPE Containers 0.7% 895.2 Industrial Sludge 0.0% 10.6
Miscellaneous Plastic Containers 0.7% 814.5 Mixed Residue 0.5% 673.1
Film Plastic 4.9% 6,120.7 Ash 0.0% 45.2
Clear Glass Bottles&Containers 1.3% 1,595.6 Agricultural Crop Residues 0.0% 0.0
Green Glass Bottles&Containers 0.9% 1,098.4 Manures 0.0% 0.0
Brown Glass Bottles&Containers 0.3% 418.7 Sewage Solids 0.0% 0.0
Aluminum Cans 0.2% 247.6 Treated Medical Waste 0.0% 5.6
Tin/Steel Cans 0.8% 1,035.3 Remainder/Composite Special Waste 0.6% 694.5
Other Ferrous Metal 1.7% 2,067.4 Paint 0.2% 237.3
Other Non-Ferrous Metal 0.2% 267.7 Vehicle&Equipment Fluids 0.0% 3.7
Major Appliances 0.0% 10.8 Remainder/Composite Household Hazardous 0.6% 792.2
Textiles 3.6% 4,427.5 Subtotal 23.4% 28,978.8
Lumber 3.9% 4,859.0
Rock,Soil&Fines 0.5% 565.0 Total 100.0% 123,993.2
Concrete 0.3% 366.6
Asphalt Paving 0.3% 359.9
Tires 0.3% 396.2
Batteries 0.0% 54.2
Used Oil 0.0% 19.3
Subtotal 21.2% 26,245.3
Compostables
Food 21.8% 27,031.4
Leaves&Grass 3.2% 4,029.5
Prunings&Trimmings 0.6% 693.3
Branches&Stumps 0.0% 7.1
Compostable Paper 9.3% 11,554.6
Subtotal 34.9% 43,316.0
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-9
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
1.4.4 Composition and Recoverability of Self-hauled Disposed Waste
Disposed waste from Spokane County self-haulers totaled an estimated 47,000 tons in 2004. Figure 5
shows the proportion of the self-hauled waste stream that consists of recyclable paper, other
recyclables, compostable material, and other non-recyclable materials. Table 4 shows detailed
composition results for self-hauled waste.
o Recyclable Paper accounts for roughly seven percent of the waste stream. This material
mainly consists of mixed paper(1,800 tons) and OCC/Kraft paper(1,200 tons).
o Other recyclables account for almost a quarter of self-haul disposed waste (23%).
These recyclables consist primarily of dimensional lumber and other wood (4,500 tons), textiles
like clothes, carpet, and upholstery (3,800 tons), plastic film and bags (700 tons), and metal
food and beverage cans (600 tons).
o Less than a fifth of Spokane County's self-hauled disposed waste (18%) could be
composted. This compostable fraction includes yard wastes (5,800 tons), food wastes (2,000
tons), and food soiled/compostable paper(500 tons).
o Over half of Spokane County's self-hauled disposed waste is composed of non-
recyclable "other materials." These materials are primarily mixed construction/demolition
waste and gypsum wall board (7,000 tons),furniture/mattresses and small appliances (4,500
tons), contaminated/treated wood and roofing/siding materials (4,300 tons), and mixed metals
(2,300 tons).
Figure 5: Waste Composition &Recoverability,
Self-Hauled Disposed Waste
Recyclable
Paper
7.1%
Other
Recyclables
23.4%
Other Materials
51.7%
Compostables
17.8%
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-10
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
Table 4:Detailed Waste Composition, Self-Hauled Disposed Waste
Material Percent Tons Material Percent Tons
Recylable Paper Other Materials
Newspaper 0.6% 286.8 Bleached polycoat paper 0.1% 30.9
OCC/Kraft paper 2.6% 1,236.7 Paper/other materials 1.4% 667.6
Mixed paper 3.9% 1,810.0 Gift wrap paper 0.0% 14.1
Subtotal 7.1% 3,333.5 Other paper 0.2% 117.0
Other Recyclables Polystyrene foam 0.2% 75.8
PET#1 plastic bottles 0.2% 73.3 Other plastic packaging 0.5% 219.4
HDPE#2 plastic bottles 0.2% 83.1 Plastic products 1.4% 638.9
Other plastic containers 0.3% 133.6 Foam rubber/padding 0.9% 400.1
Plastic film and bags 1.4% 661.2 Plastic/other materials 1.5% 683.9
Glass containers 0.5% 212.1 Other colored glass containers 0.0% 7.3
Aluminum cans 0.2% 71.1 Other glass 2.8% 1,335.6
Other aluminum&nonferrous 1.0% 465.2 Mixed metals/materials 4.9% 2,279.7
Food cans&otherferrous 0.1% 46.6 Disposable diapers 0.8% 382.5
Gas metal cylinders 0.0% 11.1 Rubber products 0.1% 66.9
Textiles/clothes 3.2% 1,494.0 Animal carcasses 0.0% 0.0
Carpet/upholstery/other textiles 4.8% 2,269.6 Animal feces 0.4% 176.4
Dimensional lumber 8.7% 4,110.6 Miscellaneous organics 0.4% 192.3
Other wood 0.9% 404.2 Treated wood 2.7% 1,271.0
Electronics 1.4% 657.7 Contaminated wood 3.8% 1,780.7
Tires 0.6% 285.3 Roofing/siding 2.6% 1,240.2
Used oil 0.0% 1.7 Construction/demolition wastes 10.6% 4,969.3
Vehicle batteries 0.0% 0.0 Ashes 0.0% 15.0
Household batteries 0.0% 15.5 Nondistinctfines 1.1% 524.3
Alkaline/button cell batteries 0.0% 12.4 Gypsum wallboard 4.4% 2,068.5
Subtotal 23.4% 11,008.3 Furniture/mattresses 6.8% 3,196.7
Compostables Small appliances 2.7% 1,256.2
Food wastes 4.3% 2,000.0 Miscellaneous inorganics 1.1% 516.9
Prunings&Stumps 1.5% 701.8 Latex paint 0.1% 38.2
Yard wastes 10.9% 5,112.1 Oil-based paint 0.0% 2.1
Compostable paper 1.1% 528.7 Solvents/thinners 0.0% 4.7
Subtotal 17.8% 8,342.6 Adhesives/glues 0.0% 5.0
Cleaners and corrosives 0.0% 15.0
Pesticides/herbicides 0.1% 23.6
Gas/fuel oil 0.0% 0.0
Antifreeze 0.0% 0.0
Medical waste 0.1% 36.5
Mercury-containing waste 0.0% 13.9
Other hazardous 0.1% 38.2
Subtotal 51.7% 24,304.4
Total 100.0% 46,988.7
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-11
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
1.4.5 Composition and Recoverability of C&D Disposed Waste
Disposed waste from Spokane County construction and demolition activities totaled an estimated
118,000 tons in 2004. Figure 6 shows the proportion of the C&D waste stream that consists of
recyclable paper, other recyclables, compostable material, and other non-recyclable materials. Table 5
shows detailed composition results for C&D waste.
o Over half(54%) of C&D disposed waste consists of other recyclables. This includes
mainly recyclable wood materials (38,700 tons), metal building materials (13,200 tons), and dirt
and concrete (4,800 tons).
o Compostables (2%) and recyclable paper (4%) represented minimal portions of the C&D
waste stream. Compostable materials were composed of yard wastes (2,400 tons),while
recyclable paper consisted of OCC/Kraft Bags and Paper(4,100 tons).
o "Other materials" account for approximately 40% of the C&D waste stream. The most
prevalent of these materials include non-recyclable wood products (17,600 tons), composition
shingles and mixed/demolition gypsum scrap (12,700 tons), built-up roofing and tarpaper
(5,500 tons), and non-recyclable paper(3,000 tons).
Figure 6: Waste Composition &Recoverability,C&D Disposed Waste
Recyclable
Paper
3.5%
Other Materials
40.2%
Oth er
Recyclables
54.2%
�
Compostables
2.1%
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-12
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
Table 5:Detailed Waste Composition, C&D Disposed Waste:
Material Percent Tons Material Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper Other Materials
OCC/Kraft Bags or Paper 3.5% 4,122.0 Other Paper 2.5% 2,979.0
Subtotal 3.5% 4,122.0 ABS Pipe 0.4% 445.9
Other Recyclables Other Plastics 0.4% 458.5
#2 Plastic Buckets 0.1% 150.2 Window Glass 1.3% 1,488.4
Plastic Film, Bags and Wrap 0.7% 824.1 Mirror Glass 0.0% 2.7
PVC Pipe 0.9% 1,087.0 Other/Non-Recyc. Glass 0.0% 58.2
Clear Containers 0.0% 48.6 Upholstery 0.2% 267.7
Green Containers 0.0% - Other Organics(e.g., rags) 0.5% 548.2
Brown Containers 0.0% - Creosote/Pressure Treated 2.0% 2,328.3
Drywall Corners/Metal Bindings 0.5% 567.4 Painted/Stained Wood 11.7% 13,778.4
Galvanized Steel 5.2% 6,092.7 Finished Furnishings 0.5% 561.4
Insulated Wire/Cable 0.3% 374.9 Other Wood 0.8% 928.9
Other Ferrous Metals 4.4% 5,173.8 Built-Up Roofing 2.0% 2,343.8
Other Nonferrous Metals 0.5% 617.3 Composition Shingles 6.3% 7,415.5
Large Appliances 0.3% 380.4 Tarpaper/Asphalt Felt 2.7% 3,154.5
Carpeting 2.3% 2,757.3 Mixed/Demo. Gypsum Scrap 4.5% 5,299.2
New Gypsum Scrap 2.6% 3,042.1 Other Mineral Aggregates 0.0% 52.0
New/Clean Used Lumber 8.6% 10,137.8 Tyvek Vapor Barrier 0.0% 16.2
New/Demo. Engineered Wood 9.9% 11,649.0 Polyurethane Foam/Carpet Padding 0.1% 161.9
Remanufacturing Scrap 0.2% 273.2 Laminate/Formica 0.1% 128.1
Pallets and Crates 3.0% 3,555.3 Fiberglass(Acoustical)Ceiling Panels 0.3% 319.1
Mixed Demo.Wood 4.4% 5,135.7 Structural Fiberglass 0.1% 73.1
Wood Roofing and Siding 4.2% 4,943.3 Linoleum 0.1% 68.8
Unfinished Furnishings 0.0% 8.4 Insulation 1.0% 1,154.2
Asphaltic Concrete 0.4% 442.0 Latex Paint 0.1% 78.7
Concrete With/Without Rebar 1.3% 1,527.9 Wood Preservatives 0.0% -
Bricks/Masonry Tile 0.4% 456.5 Oil-Based Finishes 0.0% 21.2
Concrete Masonry Unit(CMU) 0.0% 56.6 Solvents and Thinners 0.0% -
Clay Roofing Tile 0.1% 167.1 Adhesives and Glue 0.0% 24.5
Slate/Quarry Tile 0.1% 140.6 Asbestos 0.1% 67.1
Rock 0.4% 451.2 Other Haz Waste 0.0% -
Dirt 2.7% 3,233.0 Other Miscellaneous Fines 2.2% 2,618.2
Gravel 0.5% 577.6 MSW 0.5% 616.2
Sand 0.0% - Subtotal 40.2% 47,457.7
Porcelain 0.1% 156.3
Subtotal 54.2% 64,027.2 Total 100.0% 118,035.3
Compostables
Leaves and Grass 0.3% 410.6
Small Prunings 0.8% 939.5
Large Prunings 0.6% 718.3
Stumps and Logs 0.3% 360.0
Subtotal 2.1% 2,428.4
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-13
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
1.4.6 Quantities of Recycled Materials
The estimated quantity of material recycled from Spokane County totaled 258,200 tons. Table 6 shows
the quantity of material recycled by material type. As shown, metals represent the largest share of
material recycled with 88,500 tons. The second largest group was recycled paper, such as newspaper,
cardboard, and mixed paper(62,900 tons). Recycled organics totaled 59,400 tons and included food
waste, yard waste, and textiles.
Table 6: 2004 Spokane County Overall Tons Recycled, by Material
Material Tons Material Tons
Paper 62,932 CDL 27,118
Corrugated Paper 32,327 Topsoil 157
High Grade 5,466 Land Clearing Debris 10,280
Industrial Paper 199 Wood 10,937
Mixed Paper 6,692 Carpet or Padding 247
Newspaper 18,249 C&D Debirs 674
Gypsum 4,803
Plastic 1,620 Reused Building Materials 20
PET Bottles 603
HDPE Plastics 671 Hazardous Wastes 11,819
LDPE Plastics 334 Antifreeze 574
Other Recyclable Plastics 11 Flourescent Light Bulbs 22
Household Batteries 24
Glass 4,574 Industrial Batteries 0
Container Glass 4,574 Oil Filters 51
Paint- Reused 194
Metal 88,509 Used Oil 8,251
Aluminum Cans 1,565 Used Oil for Energy Recovery 330
Ferrous Metals 70,033 Vehicle Batteries 2,373
Nonferrous Metals 11,239
Tin Cans 570 Other Materials 2,211
White Goods 5,101 Electronics 97
Donated Food & Merchandise 40
Organics 59,386 Miscellaneous 0
Food Waste 5,835 Photographic Films 77
Yard Debris 49,230 Tires - Burned for energy 990
Textiles 4,322 Tires - Recycled 1,008
Total Tons Recycled 258,169
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-14
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
1.4.7 Opportunities
Materials with well established markets and relatively low recycling rates represent key opportunities to
increase recycling in Spokane County. The recycling rate is a measure of the amount recycled as a
proportion of the amount generated (disposed plus recycled). Table 7 shows tons disposed, recycled
and the recycling rate of key recyclables in Spokane County. As shown, key opportunities for
increasing recycling include:
o Paper—With a current recycling rate of 49%, new or additional programs focused on
recovering more paper from Spokane's waste stream (particularly mixed paper and cardboard)
may prove cost effective. The untapped supply of fiber currently disposed in Spokane County
includes 7,300 tons of newspaper, 18,500 tons of cardboard, and 40,000 tons of mixed paper.
Markets for recycled fiber are currently strong, largely due to high demand from Asia. In
addition to export markets, 10 to 12 new tissue mills are in the planning stages around the
country, which will increase demand of recovered office paper. Prices for recycled fiber are
currently high, but may be near their peak.
o Plastics—Overall, Spokane County residents and businesses recycled about 7%of recyclable
plastics generated in 2004. The supply of recyclable plastics currently disposed includes an
estimated 1,400 tons of PETE, 2,000 tons of HDPE, and 18,100 tons of other recyclable
plastics, including plastic film and #3-#7 bottles and containers. Largely driven by strong
overseas demand and rising oil prices, commodity pricing for recycled plastics have enjoyed an
upswing since 2002. Strong domestic and global markets and a large, untapped supply make
plastics recycling a key potential opportunity for Spokane County.
o Glass—Slightly more than a third (36%)of container glass generated in Spokane County was
recycled. West Coast demand for recycled container glass is high, however, costs associated
with transporting glass long distances limit end market opportunities for this commodity. An
opportunity may exist for Spokane County to investigate and positively influence local end
market opportunities. For example, niche opportunities exist in construction industries where
glass can be used in place of rock for road bedding, pipe bedding, backfill for drainage, and
other structural fill. Recycled glass has also been successfully used for specialty products
such as tiles, abrasive sanding media, and water filtration media. Almost 8,300 tons of
recyclable container glass is currently disposed in Spokane County.
o Metal—Overall, Spokane County recycles the majority of its metals, as shown by the relatively
high (80%) recycling rate. Metals markets are strong, well established, and are currently
enjoying high prices driven largely by global demand. Opportunities remain, however, to
increase aluminum can and tin can/other ferrous metal recycling. The estimated recycling rate
for aluminum cans was 68%, with about 700 tons of the material disposed in 2004. Tin cans
and other ferrous metals account for an estimated 18,200 tons disposed, despite a high (80%)
recycling rate.
o Organics—Large portions of Spokane County's yard waste is currently recycled through
established drop-off collection sites and subsequent composting. However, opportunities
remain to divert sizable quantities of food waste (65,000 tons disposed), wood (47,400 tons
disposed), compostable paper (20,400 tons disposed), and textiles (8,500 tons disposed).
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-15
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
Table 7:Estimated 2004 Disposal Tons, Recycling Tons,
and Recycling Rates of Select Recyclables
Disposal Recycling Recycling
Tons Tons Rate
Paper 65,726 62,932 49%
Newspaper 7,303 18,249 71°/o
Cardboard and Kraft 18,487 32,327 64%
Mixed Paper 39,936 12,357 24°/o
PlastiC 21,469 1,620 7%
PETE 1,356 603 31%
HDPE 1,972 671 25%
Other Recyclable Plastics 18,142 345 2°/o
Glass 8�256 4�574 36%
Container Glass 8,256 4,574 36°/o
Metal 21,520 88,509 80%
Aluminum Cans 745 1,565 68°/o
Tin Cans & Ferrous Metals 18,178 70,603 80°/o
Nonferrous Metals 2,206 11,239 84%
White Goods 391 5,101 93%
Organics 111,542 59,386 35%
Food Waste 64,961 5,835 8%
Yard Debris 17,703 49,230 74%
Textiles 8,524 4,322 34°/a
Compostable Paper 20,354 0 0°/o
W ood 47,434 10,937 19%
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-16
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
Attachment A: Vehicle Survey Instruction Sheet and Field Form
STEP 1: As the vehicle approaches, determine the hauler type.
The hauler is considered commercial if it is one of the following:
• City of Spokane
• Empire Disposal
• Newman Lake Disposal
• Sunshine Disposal
• Waste Management
All other vehicles are considered self-haul.
STEP 2: Record Loop Tag Number or Dump Number.
Ask the driver for the loop tag number. If the driver was not given a loop tag, ask for the dump number.
Record either number in the space on the survey form.
At the end of the survey day, ask the scale house staff to print a report showing net weights, loop tag/dump
number, and the time the vehicle entered the facility.
STEP 3: Record Time Vehicle is Surveyed.
Record the time to the nearest 10 minutes.
STEP 4: Ask the driver, "What jurisdiction or unincorporated area is this load from?"
Jurisdictions in Spokane County include:
• Airway Heights • Millwood
• Cheney • Rockford
• Deer Park • Spangle
• Fairchild Air Force Base • Spokane
• Latah • Spokane Valley
• Liberty Lake • Waverly
• Medical Lake • Fairfield
If the answer is not on the list, clarify if the load is from unincorporated Spokane County, or outside of
Spokane County.
STEP 5a: If the hauler is commercial, ask the driver, "Is the waste from single-family residences (1-4
units per dwelling), multi-family residences (5+ units), businesses, or a combination of sources?"
Write 100%for loads from only one source. If the load is a combination of sources, ask the driver to
estimate and record the relative percentage for each source, ensuring the sum of all three types equals
100%.
STEP 5b: If the hauler is self-haul, ask the driver, "Are you, or do you work for, a contractor AND is this
waste from the job site?"
If yes, circle "B."
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-17
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
If no, ask the driver, "Are you hired to haul waste?"
If yes, circle "B."
If no, ask, "Is this waste from a home or a business?"
Circle the appropriate letter. If the load is from both sources, ask the driver to estimate and record the
relative percentage for each source, ensuring the sum equals 100%.
STEP 6: Ask the driver, "What materials are in your load?"
Write 100%for loads consisting of one material type. If the load is a combination of material types, ask
the driver to estimate and record the relative percentage for each, ensuring the sum of all types equals
100%.
The material types are defined as follows:
• MSW means municipal solid waste, mixed household or non-residential garbage
• Yard Waste means leaves, grass, prunings, brush
• Recyclables means occ, newspaper, recyclable mixed paper, and aluminum, glass, and plastic
bottles,jars, and cans
• Aggregates means concrete, asphalt paving, gravel, bricks, uncontaminated soil
• Recoverable CDL means untreated/clean dimensional and engineered wood, pallets,
untreated/clean gypsum board, scrap metal, stumps, logs
• Other CDL means material such as carpet, carpet padding, box springs, mattresses, bulky
items, brown goods, asphalt roofing, contaminated soils, insulation, painted gypsum board
• Special Handling Material means material brought to the facility with a pre-arranged agreement
with the facility. Material such as oily waste, large amounts of polystyrene, and drugs from the
police department are considered Special Handling Materials.
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-18
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APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
Attachment B: Composition by Industry Group
V-Manufacturing- 25.9:Manufacturing-
U-Manufacturing- 13:Manufacturing- Lumber&Wood Paper and Allied K-Manufacturing-
Food/Kindred Apparel and Textiles Products Produds Printing/Publishing
Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper
Newspaper 0.8% 12.5 0.5% 1.1 0.5% 4.2 3.8% 9.8 4.9% 40.7
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 6.0% 98.0 1.3% 2.9 4.3% 39.5 3.7% 9.3 9.0% 75.3
Paper Bags 1.0% 15.6 1.4% 3.0 0.4% 3.6 0.2% 0.5 0.7% 5.4
White Ledger Paper 1.3% 21.7 0.9% 2.0 0.9% 8.6 0.2% 0.5 4.8% 40.2
Computer Paper 0.2% 2.7 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.3 0.2% 0.6 0.3% 2.1
Colored Ledger Paper 0.3% 5.4 0.0% 0.1 0.1% 0.6 0.0% 0.0 0.7% 6.2
Other Office Paper 0.7% 11.9 0.7% 1.6 0.9% 8.4 0.2% 0.6 3.9% 32.6
Magazines and Catalogs 2.0% 31.9 0.3% 0.6 0.9% 8.0 0.7% 1.8 11.2% 93.8
Phone Books and Directories 1.1% 17.2 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 2.4 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 2.1
Subtotal 13.3% 216.9 5.3% 11.3 8.3% 75.8 9.1% 23.2 35.8% 298.4
Other Recyclables
PETE Containers 0.5% 7.8 0.2% 0.4 0.1% 1.3 0.9% 2.2 0.1% 1.0
HDPE Containers 1.1% 18.6 0.0% 0.1 0.3% 3.0 0.2% 0.4 1.2% 9.9
Miscellaneous Plastic Containers 0.2% 3.8 0.1% 0.2 0.1% 1.2 0.1% 0.4 0.3% 2.2
Film Plastic 12.7% 206.8 5.1% 10.9 1.1% 10.2 4.3% 11.0 2.9% 24.2
Clear Glass Bottles&Containers 0.8% 12.4 0.4% 0.8 0.4% 3.9 0.9% 2.2 0.5% 4.5
Green Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.7 0.0% 0.1 0.2% 2.2 1.1% 2.7 0.0% 0.2
Brown Glass Bottles&Containers 0.3% 4.3 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 0.5 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.3
Aluminum Cans 0.1% 1.3 0.0% 0.1 0.1% 0.6 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.4
Tin/Steel Cans 1.0% 16.0 0.1% 0.1 0.7% 6.3 0.1% 0.3 1.9% 16.0
Other Ferrous Metal 2.6% 42.3 0.0% 0.0 5.6% 50.7 3.1% 7.9 2.5% 20.9
Other Non-Ferrous Metal 0.1% 1.3 0.0% 0.1 0.3% 2.7 0.1% 0.3 0.0% 0.2
Ma'or A liances 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Textiles 4.9% 79.4 56.2% 120.9 0.6% 5.2 1.3% 3.4 1.6% 13.3
Lumber 6.5% 106.6 0.1% 0.1 33.6% 305.7 3.7% 9.5 6.7% 56.2
Rock,Soil&Fines 0.0% 0.4 0.0% 0.0 2.0% 18.4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Concrete 0.7% 10.6 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
As halt Pavin 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 0.3 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Tires 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Batteries 0.0% 0.4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Used Oil 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.2% 3.1 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 31.5% 512.8 62.3% 134.1 45.3% 412.0 17.0% 43.4 17.9% 149.4
Compostables
Food 22.8% 370.8 3.7% 7.9 1.3% 11.5 3.4% 8.6 3.2% 26.3
Leaves&Grass 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 3.1 0.0% 0.0 0.5% 3.9
Prunings&Trimmings 0.5% 7.7 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 1.8 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.1
Branches&Stumps 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Compostable Paper 10.5% 170.8 23.0% 49.4 8.2% 74.6 45.7% 116.9 24.3% 202.4
Subtotal 33.7% 549.3 26.6% 57.3 10.0% 91.0 49.1% 125.5 27.9% 232.8
Other Materials
Remainder/Com osite Pa er 11.5% 187.2 2.2% 4.8 2.3% 21.2 9.0% 23.1 8.8% 73.7
Durable Plastic Items 1.3% 21.9 0.2% 0.5 0.8% 7.1 0.1% 0.2 1.8% 15.0
Remainder/Composite Plastic 3.2% 51.5 0.7% 1.5 0.4% 3.9 15.0% 38.2 3.3% 27.8
Flat Glass 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Other Colored Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite Glass 0.1% 1.6 0.1% 0.1 0.7% 6.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.1
Remainder/Com osite Metal 1.7% 28.3 0.4% 0.9 3.1% 28.5 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 1.3
Remainder/Com osite Or anic 0.9% 14.3 1.8% 3.9 19.3% 175.3 0.4% 1.0 1.3% 10.5
Gypsum Board 0.7% 11.5 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Asphalt Roofing 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Composite C&D 0.1% 0.9 0.0% 0.1 7.1% 64.8 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 0.6
Bulky Items 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.5% 4.8 0.0% 0.0 2.0% 17.0
Industrial Sludge 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.2% 10.6 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Mixed Residue 0.2% 3.9 0.3% 0.6 0.6% 5.0 0.4% 1.1 0.4% 3.4
Ash 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Agricultural Crop Residues 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Manures 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Sewage Solids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Treated Medical Waste 0.3% 5.6 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Composite Special Waste 1.4% 22.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Paint 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 3.1 0.0% 0.0 0.5% 4.0
Vehicle&Equipment Fluids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Composite Hazardous 0.0% 0.4 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 21.4% 349.1 5.8% 12.4 36.4% 330.6 24.9% 63.6 18.4% 153.2
Total 100.0% 1,628.1 100.0% 215.1 100.0% 909.4 100.0% 255.6 100.0% 833.8
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-20
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
25.5:Manufacturing- 18:Manufaduring-
Chemicals and Allied R-Manufactunng- Pnmary and Fabricated Y-Manufactunng- T-Manufacturing-
Produds Other Metal Industrial/Machinery Electronic Equipment
Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper
Newspaper 0.3% 0.8 1.2% 51.5 1.4% 32.0 2.7% 12.8 3.3% 38.9
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 6.2% 15.4 6.7% 291.9 5.2% 117.7 9.0% 42.1 6.7% 78.3
Paper Bags 0.9% 2.3 0.4% 16.8 3.8% 87.0 0.9% 4.1 0.9% 10.9
White Ledger Paper 4.2% 10.5 2.1% 92.6 2.0% 44.9 2.6% 12.3 4.6% 54.1
Computer Paper 0.0% 0.0 0.4% 15.6 0.6% 14.7 2.0% 9.3 0.7% 7.7
Colored Ledger Paper 0.1% 0.2 0.6% 27.1 0.0% 0.7 0.1% 0.4 0.1% 1.2
Other Office Paper 1.2% 3.0 0.5% 21.6 0.8% 18.0 1.1% 5.3 1.2% 14.5
Magazines and Catalogs 3.1% 7.6 2.9% 126.3 2.5% 56.0 1.4% 6.7 3.5% 41.4
Phone Books and Directories 0.0% 0.0 0.6% 27.0 0.0% 0.2 1.0% 4.6 0.2% 2.1
Subtotal 16.0% 39.6 15.5% 670.3 16.3% 371.2 20.9% 97.6 21.3% 249.1
Other Recyclables
PETE Containers 3.9% 9.7 0.2% 7.1 0.3% 6.8 0.2% 1.1 0.4% 4.9
HDPE Containers 0.2% 0.5 0.4% 15.3 5.7% 130.4 0.6% 2.8 0.8% 9.2
Miscellaneous Plastic Containers 0.2% 0.6 0.3% 14.6 0.3% 5.8 0.3% 1.4 0.8% 9.3
Film Plastic 17.1% 42.3 2.8% 122.8 3.8% 86.9 6.1% 28.6 8.6% 100.9
Clear Glass Bottles&Containers 0.4% 1.0 0.3% 12.8 0.4% 9.9 1.0% 4.8 1.6% 19.3
Green Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.4 0.1% 1.2 0.1% 0.3 0.2% 2.1
Brown Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.1 0.1% 2.1 0.2% 0.9 0.2% 2.8
Aluminum Cans 0.1% 0.1 0.1% 2.5 0.0% 1.1 0.2% 1.0 0.2% 2.8
Tin/Steel Cans 0.0% 0.1 0.7% 30.1 0.3% 5.8 0.3% 1.4 0.9% 10.7
Other Ferrous Metal 2.2% 5.3 2.9% 124.1 10.2% 231.4 10.0% 46.8 6.2% 72.9
Other Non-Ferrous Metal 0.1% 0.2 0.0% 1.8 0.2% 4.0 0.2% 0.8 0.4% 5.1
Major Appliances 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Textiles 0.8% 1.9 3.9% 169.3 6.3% 143.8 1.3% 6.0 0.8% 9.5
Lumber 8.9% 22.0 14.5% 626.7 9.0% 203.8 8.3% 38.7 5.2% 60.5
Rock,Soil&Fines 0.0% 0.0 1.1% 48.8 0.0% 0.7 0.8% 3.6 0.5% 5.9
Concrete 0.6% 1.4 0.3% 11.3 0.0% 0.0 2.0% 9.3 3.1% 36.7
As halt Pavin 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Tires 0.0% 0.0 1.0% 42.7 0.0% 0.0 1.7% 8.0 0.0% 0.2
Batteries 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 1.2 0.0% 1.0 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.3
Used Oil 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 34.4% 85.2 28.4% 1,231.7 36.7% 834.6 33.3% 155.6 30.1% 353.2
Compostables
Food 3.5% 8.7 2.2% 94.1 4.5% 101.7 2.9% 13.3 6.4% 75.3
Leaves&Grass 0.2% 0.5 4.2% 182.6 0.7% 16.4 2.1% 9.9 1.2% 13.9
Prunings&Trimmings 0.1% 0.3 0.1% 4.6 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.3
Branches&Stumps 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.5% 7.1 0.0% 0.0
Compostable Paper 9.8% 24.3 9.1% 395.9 6.0% 135.4 14.5% 67.8 9.9% 115.6
Subtotal 13.6% 33.7 15.6% 677.1 11.2% 253.7 21.0% 98.2 17.5% 205.0
Other Materials
Remainder/Com osite Pa er 16.1% 39.9 5.2% 223.7 7.3% 167.1 4.7% 21.9 10.2% 119.0
Durable Plastic Items 0.1% 0.4 11.2% 485.3 0.4% 9.4 2.1% 9.9 2.8% 32.4
Remainder/Com osite Plastic 13.9% 34.5 2.3% 101.1 3.7% 84.8 3.6% 16.7 3.8% 44.6
Flat Glass 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 7.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.2 0.2% 2.6
Other Colored Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.5
Remainder/Com osite Glass 0.0% 0.0 1.8% 77.7 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.2 1.2% 14.6
Remainder/Composite Metal 0.0% 0.0 2.6% 112.7 1.8% 40.4 4.4% 20.7 3.8% 44.0
Remainder/Composite Organic 1.4% 3.4 6.9% 299.1 7.2% 164.0 4.3% 20.2 2.5% 29.0
Gypsum Board 0.0% 0.0 1.3% 57.2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.8% 21.1
Asphalt Roofing 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 1.7 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite C&D 0.1% 0.2 0.3% 15.0 9.1% 208.0 0.6% 2.6 2.6% 30.6
Bulky Items 0.0% 0.0 0.5% 20.9 1.2% 26.3 0.3% 1.6 0.7% 8.6
Industrial Sludge 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Mixed Residue 0.7% 1.7 1.6% 67.4 0.4% 8.6 0.6% 2.9 0.8% 9.2
Ash 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.1 1.9% 8.9 0.0% 0.0
Agricultural Crop Residues 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Manures 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Sewage Solids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Treated Medical Waste 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite S ecial Waste 3.5% 8.6 6.6% 287.6 0.0% 0.0 1.3% 6.3 0.5% 5.7
Paint 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 4.6% 105.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Vehicle&Equipment Fluids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.7% 3.4 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Composite Hazardous 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.3 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 2.8
Subtotal 35.9% 88.7 40.5% 1,756.7 35.8% 813.9 24.8% 115.6 31.1% 364.7
Total 100.0% 247.2 100.0% 4,335.8 100.0% 2,273.5 100.0% 466.9 100.0% 1,172.0
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-21
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
W-Manufacturing- F-Retail Trade-
Transportation 25.3:Manufacturing- 8:W holesale Trade- E-W holesale Trade- Automotive Dealers&
Equipment Furniture and Fixtures Durable Goods Nondurable Goods Service Stations
Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper
Newspaper 2.6% 11.5 0.4% 9.4 2.5% 91.5 2.5% 100.1 4.7% 126.0
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 9.8% 43.1 4.1% 88.5 4.6% 167.1 11.4% 464.5 10.3% 275.8
Paper Bags 0.9% 3.9 0.0% 1.0 0.8% 29.0 0.5% 19.0 0.5% 14.5
White Ledger Paper 4.4% 19.4 0.1% 3.0 3.3% 119.4 3.0% 120.6 1.6% 43.5
Computer Paper 1.0% 4.4 0.0% 0.0 0.4% 15.3 0.5% 21.5 0.5% 13.1
Colored Ledger Paper 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.2 0.2% 7.6 0.3% 10.4 0.0% 1.2
Other Office Paper 2.9% 12.9 0.2% 3.4 2.3% 83.3 1.5% 62.7 1.4% 37.3
Magazines and Catalogs 2.2% 9.7 0.2% 4.6 2.3% 84.2 3.4% 139.0 0.5% 14.1
Phone Books and Directories 0.9% 3.9 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.6 0.2% 9.2 0.2% 5.8
Subtotal 24.9% 108.9 5.2% 110.0 16.5% 597.8 23.2% 947.0 19.8% 531.3
Other Recyclables
PETE Containers 0.4% 1.8 0.3% 7.0 0.5% 16.6 0.2% 9.3 0.7% 19.7
HDPE Containers 0.3% 1.5 0.3% 6.1 0.5% 18.9 0.3% 13.4 2.4% 63.2
Miscellaneous Plastic Containers 0.3% 1.4 0.0% 0.7 0.3% 12.2 0.2% 8.6 0.6% 15.1
Film Plastic 5.0% 21.9 4.6% 98.7 8.4% 303.7 7.6% 310.5 3.4% 91.6
Clear Glass Bottles&Containers 1.0% 4.2 0.1% 1.1 1.0% 35.1 1.0% 42.3 1.8% 49.1
Green Glass Bottles&Containers 0.1% 0.5 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.9 0.0% 2.0 0.3% 7.9
Brown Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.8 0.0% 1.8 0.7% 30.4 0.3% 7.2
Aluminum Cans 0.2% 0.9 0.0% 0.1 0.3% 9.5 0.1% 4.4 0.3% 7.9
Tin/Steel Cans 0.4% 1.8 0.1% 1.3 1.3% 46.8 0.7% 29.2 0.7% 17.6
Other Ferrous Metal 4.8% 20.9 2.9% 62.0 6.4% 231.1 1.6% 65.6 8.1% 217.7
Other Non-Ferrous Metal 1.3% 5.6 0.0% 0.7 0.2% 6.1 0.1% 3.5 1.0% 26.5
Major Appliances 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Textiles 3.5% 15.4 9.4% 199.9 4.0% 144.1 0.4% 14.4 0.7% 17.8
Lumber 14.4% 63.1 9.7% 207.8 22.5% 814.1 4.2% 170.2 6.0% 162.5
Rock,Soil&Fines 2.3% 10.3 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.4% 59.0 2.2% 60.2
Concrete 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 1.9 0.0% 0.1 0.7% 18.2
As halt Pavin 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Tires 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.7% 27.6 9.1% 244.8
Batteries 0.1% 0.4 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 2.2 0.0% 0.7 0.0% 1.3
Used Oil 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 5.2
Subtotal 34.2% 149.8 27.5% 586.2 45.4% 1,644.9 19.4% 791.4 38.5% 1,033.6
Compostables
Food 4.4% 19.4 5.4% 115.3 5.2% 187.2 21.3% 869.7 6.0% 160.1
Leaves&Grass 0.1% 0.5 0.6% 12.4 1.0% 35.8 7.1% 287.5 3.0% 80.1
Prunings&Trimmings 1.0% 4.2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.1 0.1% 3.5 0.1% 2.2
Branches&Stumps 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Compostable Paper 11.6% 50.6 1.9% 41.2 7.3% 263.4 13.3% 542.3 9.6% 258.0
Subtotal 17.1% 74.8 7.9% 168.9 13.4% 486.6 41.8% 1,702.9 18.6% 500.4
Other Materials
Remainder/Com osite Pa er 7.5% 32.7 10.2% 217.8 7.5% 272.3 4.4% 180.6 5.7% 152.6
Durable Plastic Items 3.8% 16.8 0.3% 6.4 1.1% 38.9 3.4% 139.5 2.1% 55.3
Remainder/Com osite Plastic 2.9% 12.8 2.1% 44.4 7.8% 281.5 1.2% 50.7 1.1% 30.3
Flat Glass 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 1.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Other Colored Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 1.5 0.0% 0.1 0.1% 2.1
Remainder/Com osite Glass 0.1% 0.4 0.0% 0.3 0.0% 1.5 0.0% 1.1 1.4% 37.4
Remainder/Composite Metal 1.2% 5.3 0.0% 0.5 0.7% 24.8 0.6% 25.2 2.9% 78.1
Remainder/Composite Organic 3.1% 13.7 46.1% 984.8 5.2% 189.8 1.0% 42.7 3.6% 97.2
Gypsum Board 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Asphalt Roofing 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite C&D 0.3% 1.5 0.0% 0.1 1.2% 44.9 0.0% 0.0 5.7% 153.0
Bulky Items 1.1% 5.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 5.5 0.0% 0.0
Industrial Sludge 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Mixed Residue 1.8% 8.0 0.7% 14.8 0.9% 32.6 0.4% 14.8 0.4% 9.8
Ash 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Agricultural Crop Residues 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Manures 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Sewage Solids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Treated Medical Waste 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite S ecial Waste 0.8% 3.6 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 4.3% 173.8 0.3% 6.9
Paint 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Vehicle&Equipment Fluids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Composite Hazardous 0.8% 3.7 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 5.5 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 23.8% 104.0 59.5% 1,269.0 24.7% 894.1 15.6% 634.0 23.2% 622.8
Total 100.0% 437.5 100.0% 2,134.1 100.0% 3,623.4 100.0% 4,075.3 100.0% 2,688.1
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-22
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
7.4:Retail Trade-
Apparel and Fumiture 1 t:Retail-
Stores BMG BB Food Stores Retail BB Miscellaneous
Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper
Newspaper 3.4% 92.9 0.5% 0.2 1.1% 0.9 1.1% 0.1 4.1% 228.1
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 8.1% 223.9 5.7% 2.7 4.0% 3.3 5.7% 0.4 11.7% 643.6
Paper Bags 0.2% 6.3 0.4% 0.2 0.5% 0.4 0.3% 0.0 0.8% 44.4
White Ledger Paper 3.7% 103.1 0.5% 0.3 0.2% 0.2 1.2% 0.1 6.7% 371.6
Computer Paper 2.6% 72.8 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 0.3 0.2% 0.0 1.0% 56.2
Colored Ledger Paper 0.0% 0.9 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 0.0 0.4% 22.9
Other Office Paper 1.6% 43.8 0.3% 0.1 0.2% 0.2 0.4% 0.0 1.4% 76.8
Magazines and Catalogs 1.2% 33.5 0.2% 0.1 0.2% 0.2 0.5% 0.0 3.2% 175.1
Phone Books and Directories 0.1% 2.5 0.1% 0.0 0.1% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 21.0% 579.7 7.7% 3.6 6.6% 5.5 9.8% 0.7 29.3% 1,618.7
Other Recyclables
PETE Containers 0.3% 7.3 0.2% 0.1 0.2% 0.2 0.4% 0.0 0.4% 23.0
HDPE Containers 0.1% 2.9 0.1% 0.1 0.5% 0.5 0.2% 0.0 0.7% 36.7
Miscellaneous Plastic Containers 0.3% 8.3 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 0.2 0.7% 0.0 0.4% 20.7
Film Plastic 3.8% 106.4 2.8% 1.3 5.8% 4.8 6.6% 0.5 4.7% 261.7
Clear Glass Bottles&Containers 0.3% 7.4 0.1% 0.1 0.4% 0.3 0.3% 0.0 1.4% 78.0
Green Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 0.0 0.1% 0.0 0.2% 11.2
Brown Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 4.5
Aluminum Cans 0.1% 3.2 0.1% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 0.0 0.1% 4.4
Tin/Steel Cans 0.1% 3.0 0.1% 0.0 0.3% 0.3 0.2% 0.0 0.5% 29.1
Other Ferrous Metal 1.2% 33.9 4.2% 2.0 0.8% 0.7 2.9% 0.2 1.1% 60.4
Other Non-Ferrous Metal 0.0% 1.2 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 0.2 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 16.8
Major Appliances 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Textiles 2.3% 64.8 0.3% 0.1 0.1% 0.1 0.7% 0.1 1.1% 59.1
Lumber 10.5% 290.8 32.7% 15.4 4.2% 3.5 14.7% 1.0 1.8% 98.7
Rock,Soil&Fines 1.2% 31.9 1.5% 0.7 0.1% 0.1 3.4% 0.2 0.2% 10.5
Concrete 1.5% 40.9 8.8% 4.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
As halt Pavin 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Tires 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 15.8
Batteries 0.0% 1.2 0.1% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 3.3
Used Oil 0.4% 10.5 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 22.2% 613.9 51.2% 24.1 13.2% 11.0 30.1% 2.2 13.3% 734.1
Compostables
Food 2.7% 75.5 1.6% 0.7 64.6% 53.8 16.9% 1.2 4.2% 232.2
Leaves&Grass 0.0% 0.9 1.3% 0.6 1.0% 0.8 2.1% 0.1 6.9% 381.5
Prunings&Trimmings 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 0.1 0.2% 0.2 1.1% 0.1 1.7% 96.2
Branches&Stumps 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Compostable Paper 14.0% 387.3 5.0% 2.4 3.3% 2.8 11.8% 0.8 14.9% 821.7
Subtotal 16.8% 463.8 8.1% 3.8 69.2% 57.6 31.9% 2.3 27.7% 1,531.6
Other Materials
Remainder/Com osite Pa er 4.2% 116.4 1.3% 0.6 6.6% 5.5 3.5% 0.2 8.7% 482.5
Durable Plastic Items 4.1% 114.3 1.0% 0.5 0.8% 0.7 2.5% 0.2 1.6% 86.7
Remainder/Com osite Plastic 3.4% 92.8 2.8% 1.3 2.1% 1.8 5.0% 0.4 5.5% 301.6
Flat Glass 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 0.0 4.7% 260.8
Other Colored Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite Glass 0.1% 4.0 1.7% 0.8 0.0% 0.0 0.5% 0.0 0.1% 4.9
Remainder/Composite Metal 3.0% 82.1 4.9% 2.3 0.0% 0.0 2.7% 0.2 1.7% 96.2
Remainder/Composite Organic 23.8% 657.7 4.5% 2.1 0.6% 0.5 1.7% 0.1 3.1% 172.8
Gypsum Board 0.0% 0.0 5.8% 2.7 0.0% 0.0 1.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0
Asphalt Roofing 0.0% 0.0 4.0% 1.9 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite C&D 0.2% 5.8 6.0% 2.8 0.9% 0.8 6.9% 0.5 2.9% 158.9
Bulky Items 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 2.8% 0.2 0.0% 1.3
Industrial Sludge 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Mixed Residue 1.2% 33.7 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 0.0 0.9% 49.7
Ash 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 19.1
Agricultural Crop Residues 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Manures 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Sewage Solids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Treated Medical Waste 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite S ecial Waste 0.0% 0.0 0.7% 0.3 0.0% 0.0 1.2% 0.1 0.0% 0.0
Paint 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.8
Vehicle&Equipment Fluids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Composite Hazardous 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 0.0 0.0% 1.5
Subtotal 40.0% 1,106.7 33.0% 15.6 11.1% 9.2 28.2% 2.0 29.6% 1,636.9
Total 100.0% 2,764.1 100.0% 47.1 100.0% 83.2 100.0% 7.2 100.0% 5,521.4
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-23
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
S-Transportation- P-Trucking& 15:Motion Pidure
257:Air Transportation Other Warehousing Industry 22:Communications
Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper
Newspaper 7.0% 12.7 6.9% 97.4 2.8% 54.9 5.1% 6.4 3.5% 10.7
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 3.0% 5.3 6.8% 95.4 6.9% 135.1 10.5% 13.1 7.9% 24.2
Paper Bags 0.6% 1.1 0.9% 12.5 1.2% 23.4 0.8% 1.0 0.3% 1.0
White Ledger Paper 7.4% 13.3 4.6% 65.6 9.4% 183.8 10.3% 12.8 11.5% 34.9
Computer Paper 4.6% 8.3 1.0% 14.4 0.7% 14.1 0.0% 0.0 1.1% 3.2
Colored Ledger Paper 0.1% 0.2 0.3% 3.6 0.1% 1.4 0.7% 0.8 0.1% 0.2
Other Office Paper 10.2% 18.4 6.2% 87.3 2.9% 57.7 4.3% 5.3 3.3% 10.2
Magazines and Catalogs 2.7% 4.9 2.2% 31.4 1.0% 20.0 5.9% 7.3 5.0% 15.3
Phone Books and Directories 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 2.2 0.3% 6.0 0.0% 0.0 4.5% 13.8
Subtotal 35.6% 64.1 29.0% 409.8 25.4% 496.3 37.6% 46.8 37.3% 113.4
Other Recyclables
PETE Containers 0.4% 0.8 0.6% 8.2 0.3% 5.1 1.2% 1.5 0.4% 1.2
HDPE Containers 0.2% 0.4 0.3% 4.3 0.7% 13.0 0.2% 0.3 0.1% 0.2
Miscellaneous Plastic Containers 0.5% 1.0 0.6% 8.9 0.9% 16.7 0.9% 1.1 0.4% 1.3
Film Plastic 7.6% 13.7 8.6% 121.4 2.9% 55.8 4.3% 5.3 1.9% 5.8
Clear Glass Bottles&Containers 1.8% 3.2 1.3% 17.7 0.9% 18.2 1.7% 2.2 0.5% 1.4
Green Glass Bottles&Containers 0.5% 1.0 0.5% 6.8 0.1% 2.4 0.1% 0.1 0.2% 0.6
Brown Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 2.3 0.1% 1.4 0.5% 0.6 0.0% 0.1
Aluminum Cans 0.7% 1.3 0.3% 4.2 0.2% 4.1 0.5% 0.6 0.2% 0.5
Tin/Steel Cans 0.2% 0.4 0.4% 5.5 0.5% 9.2 0.5% 0.6 0.1% 0.3
Other Ferrous Metal 0.1% 0.1 2.4% 34.4 7.1% 138.2 0.7% 0.8 1.3% 4.0
Other Non-Ferrous Metal 0.1% 0.3 0.3% 4.0 0.2% 4.8 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.1
Major Appliances 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Textiles 0.3% 0.6 0.6% 8.9 0.8% 14.8 0.4% 0.5 0.5% 1.5
Lumber 18.6% 33.5 11.0% 155.9 13.3% 259.1 5.5% 6.9 5.2% 15.8
Rock,Soil&Fines 0.6% 1.0 0.1% 1.9 0.1% 2.6 0.7% 0.9 0.0% 0.0
Concrete 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 4.8% 94.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
As halt Pavin 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Tires 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Batteries 1.0% 1.7 0.1% 0.9 0.0% 0.1 0.1% 0.1 0.0% 0.1
Used Oil 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 32.8% 59.0 27.3% 385.5 32.7% 639.6 17.2% 21.4 10.8% 32.9
Compostables
Food 7.0% 12.7 7.0% 99.0 3.9% 76.2 10.5% 13.1 3.6% 11.0
Leaves&Grass 0.6% 1.0 1.1% 16.2 0.5% 10.5 1.6% 2.0 1.1% 3.2
Prunings&Trimmings 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.8% 34.9 1.3% 1.6 0.0% 0.0
Branches&Stumps 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Compostable Paper 6.9% 12.4 7.5% 106.4 7.2% 141.6 8.2% 10.2 9.2% 28.0
Subtotal 14.5% 26.1 15.7% 221.6 13.5% 263.3 21.6% 26.8 13.9% 42.2
Other Materials
Remainder/Com osite Pa er 10.4% 18.8 7.6% 107.3 3.4% 67.4 7.4% 9.3 3.5% 10.8
Durable Plastic Items 0.8% 1.4 1.2% 16.6 0.5% 10.2 0.8% 1.0 0.7% 2.3
Remainder/Com osite Plastic 3.0% 5.4 1.5% 20.9 1.1% 21.3 4.1% 5.1 24.8% 75.4
Flat Glass 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 3.0 0.4% 8.7 0.2% 0.2 0.0% 0.0
Other Colored Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite Glass 0.1% 0.1 2.1% 29.3 1.2% 22.8 0.5% 0.6 0.0% 0.1
Remainder/Composite Metal 1.3% 2.3 3.0% 42.1 4.1% 81.0 2.3% 2.9 4.3% 13.0
Remainder/Composite Organic 1.0% 1.8 4.5% 62.9 5.0% 97.1 1.5% 1.9 0.7% 2.1
Gypsum Board 0.0% 0.0 4.0% 56.8 3.0% 58.6 0.0% 0.0 0.4% 1.2
Asphalt Roofing 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.5% 4.5
Remainder/Com osite C&D 0.0% 0.0 1.5% 21.3 2.1% 40.7 2.7% 3.4 1.4% 4.3
Bulky Items 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.4 6.1% 119.1 3.6% 4.5 0.2% 0.5
Industrial Sludge 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Mixed Residue 0.4% 0.8 2.2% 31.5 0.3% 6.5 0.3% 0.4 0.3% 1.0
Ash 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 1.5 0.3% 5.1 0.0% 0.1 0.2% 0.5
Agricultural Crop Residues 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Manures 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Sewage Solids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Treated Medical Waste 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite S ecial Waste 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.3 0.0% 0.6 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Paint 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Vehicle&Equipment Fluids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Composite Hazardous 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.9% 17.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 17.1% 30.7 27.9% 393.9 28.4% 556.1 23.6% 29.4 38.1% 115.9
Total 100.0% 179.9 100.0% 1,410.8 100.0% 1,955.2 100.0% 124.4 100.0% 304.4
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-24
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
3:Finance,Insurance, L-Services-Business 2:Services-
Real Estate Services 5:Services-Business M-Services-Education Medical/HeaRh
Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper
Newspaper 4.9% 234.2 2.1% 240.6 2.0% 49.6 1.3% 16.5 4.4% 788.4
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 3.6% 174.5 6.4% 739.5 5.9% 146.1 2.8% 36.1 8.1% 1,461.5
Paper Bags 0.5% 25.0 0.9% 99.0 0.3% 7.6 0.9% 12.0 0.3% 57.0
White Ledger Paper 21.8% 1,048.8 4.7% 544.3 7.1% 177.5 3.5% 44.4 3.7% 673.5
Computer Paper 0.0% 1.3 0.8% 86.8 1.2% 29.9 1.4% 18.2 0.2% 33.0
Colored Ledger Paper 0.3% 13.5 0.3% 32.3 0.1% 2.3 0.7% 9.3 0.1% 12.8
Other Office Paper 7.2% 347.4 2.0% 226.0 44.0% 1,096.6 2.1% 26.5 1.7% 310.4
Magazines and Catalogs 2.9% 138.9 1.4% 166.0 2.2% 56.0 1.0% 12.8 3.9% 709.1
Phone Books and Directories 0.1% 7.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.3 0.2% 2.3 1.1% 205.6
Subtotal 41.5% 1,990.7 18.6% 2,134.4 62.9% 1,566.0 13.9% 178.0 23.6% 4,251.3
Other Recyclables
PETE Containers 2.0% 95.7 0.5% 52.1 0.2% 4.8 0.8% 9.7 0.4% 73.2
HDPE Containers 0.2% 7.3 0.7% 80.0 0.1% 3.0 0.3% 3.9 0.6% 115.4
Miscellaneous Plastic Containers 0.6% 26.7 0.5% 61.0 0.2% 5.9 1.3% 16.8 1.6% 284.6
Film Plastic 4.8% 230.1 6.2% 708.9 2.0% 49.4 3.9% 49.9 4.5% 814.9
Clear Glass Bottles&Containers 0.5% 24.5 1.3% 154.9 0.9% 21.4 0.9% 12.0 0.8% 144.7
Green Glass Bottles&Containers 0.1% 5.4 0.9% 106.5 0.2% 4.0 0.0% 0.4 0.0% 1.5
Brown Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.3 0.2% 17.6 0.1% 1.7 0.3% 3.5 0.1% 11.7
Aluminum Cans 0.7% 34.8 0.2% 20.4 0.3% 6.7 0.2% 2.4 0.2% 43.3
Tin/Steel Cans 0.2% 10.5 0.2% 20.2 0.1% 2.8 1.2% 15.0 1.0% 177.0
Other Ferrous Metal 1.6% 74.4 0.3% 35.2 0.2% 4.1 1.7% 21.9 0.2% 35.0
Other Non-Ferrous Metal 0.1% 4.9 0.1% 14.6 0.0% 1.2 0.3% 3.4 0.2% 28.1
Major Appliances 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.4% 5.4 0.0% 0.0
Textiles 0.1% 3.6 16.0% 1,841.1 3.6% 88.9 0.2% 2.7 5.1% 921.4
Lumber 0.1% 5.1 2.5% 284.8 1.4% 34.1 0.3% 3.5 0.2% 30.2
Rock,Soil&Fines 0.0% 0.7 0.7% 78.9 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0
Concrete 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 5.3 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.6 0.0% 0.0
As halt Pavin 3.5% 170.3 0.0% 2.9 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.3 0.0% 0.0
Tires 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Batteries 0.3% 14.2 0.0% 4.8 0.0% 0.1 0.1% 0.8 0.0% 7.5
Used Oil 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 14.8% 708.4 30.4% 3,489.1 9.2% 228.2 11.9% 152.5 14.9% 2,688.5
Compostables
Food 17.2% 823.8 6.6% 760.2 2.5% 62.9 19.7% 251.0 21.1% 3,786.9
Leaves&Grass 1.1% 53.0 6.1% 705.1 5.6% 139.6 22.3% 284.2 1.7% 299.5
Prunings&Trimmings 0.0% 1.4 0.1% 9.0 0.0% 0.0 4.2% 53.2 0.2% 35.5
Branches&Stumps 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Compostable Paper 8.3% 396.6 16.2% 1,858.8 7.6% 188.9 12.9% 165.1 7.8% 1,400.6
Subtotal 26.6% 1,274.8 29.0% 3,333.1 15.7% 391.4 59.0% 753.6 30.7% 5,522.5
Other Materials
Remainder/Com osite Pa er 10.7% 514.6 8.3% 948.8 3.1% 77.1 6.1% 78.1 10.1% 1,809.4
Durable Plastic Items 0.7% 31.7 1.7% 189.9 1.6% 40.3 2.3% 29.1 1.8% 322.6
Remainder/Com osite Plastic 2.1% 100.8 1.1% 122.5 1.1% 27.9 0.9% 12.0 2.3% 422.4
Flat Glass 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 24.4
Other Colored Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 3.4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.2 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite Glass 0.0% 0.6 0.5% 59.6 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.4 0.0% 7.9
Remainder/Composite Metal 0.7% 31.9 6.3% 721.0 1.3% 32.4 1.2% 14.8 0.3% 57.6
Remainder/Composite Organic 2.7% 131.8 1.0% 119.4 3.9% 96.4 3.3% 41.8 11.0% 1,972.0
Gypsum Board 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 31.4 0.1% 1.4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Asphalt Roofing 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite C&D 0.0% 1.1 0.2% 28.7 0.4% 10.4 0.1% 1.3 0.0% 8.2
Bulky Items 0.0% 0.0 0.8% 91.7 0.3% 7.7 0.8% 10.8 0.0% 0.0
Industrial Sludge 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Mixed Residue 0.3% 13.3 1.0% 113.9 0.3% 7.9 0.3% 3.8 0.3% 59.5
Ash 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Agricultural Crop Residues 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Manures 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Sewage Solids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Treated Medical Waste 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite S ecial Waste 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 22.4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.8% 138.1
Paint 0.0% 0.0 0.6% 74.2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.3% 48.0
Vehicle&Equipment Fluids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Composite Hazardous 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 3.2 0.0% 0.0 3.6% 655.4
Subtotal 17.2% 826.0 22.0% 2,526.8 12.2% 304.7 15.1% 192.2 30.7% 5,525.6
Total 100.0% 4,799.9 100.0% 11,483.4 100.0% 2,490.3 100.0% 1,276.3 100.0% 17,987.8
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-25
APPENDIX B-WASTE FLOW ANALYSIS
D-Services-Other 17:Services-Hotel B-Retail Trade- G-Services-Other 10:Government
Misc. Venues and Lodging Restaurants Professional Facilities
Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons Percent Tons
Recyclable Paper
Newspaper 6.1% 146.6 2.9% 0.4 12.1% 472.2 2.6% 596.0 2.9% 126.6 4.2% 617.8
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 6.8% 163.6 4.3% 0.6 5.7% 222.7 6.0% 1,381.2 3.8% 165.0 4.7% 687.3
Paper Bags 0.7% 17.4 0.3% 0.1 0.4% 14.3 0.5% 118.2 0.4% 19.6 0.6% 85.5
White Ledger Paper 1.2% 29.9 1.0% 0.2 4.6% 180.9 0.2% 47.0 5.3% 230.1 6.3% 926.3
Computer Paper 0.3% 6.4 0.3% 0.0 1.6% 62.4 0.2% 40.7 0.3% 14.6 0.0% 4.6
Colored Ledger Paper 0.1% 3.1 0.3% 0.0 0.3% 12.4 0.1% 22.9 1.0% 41.9 0.2% 34.3
Other Office Paper 1.0% 24.5 0.2% 0.0 0.7% 26.1 0.3% 65.6 1.9% 84.8 1.2% 180.4
Magazines and Catalogs 1.6% 39.4 2.5% 0.4 2.0% 78.5 0.2% 40.4 4.0% 176.3 2.9% 422.9
Phone Books and Directories 0.3% 6.7 0.2% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.7 0.1% 4.9 0.0% 1.6
Subtotal 18.2% 437.5 12.1% 1.8 27.3% 1,069.6 10.1% 2,312.6 19.8% 863.6 20.2% 2,960.6
Other Recyclables
PETE Containers 0.6% 13.8 2.2% 0.3 0.4% 14.9 0.2% 41.5 0.4% 17.9 1.1% 157.5
HDPE Containers 1.5% 35.1 0.3% 0.0 0.6% 25.0 0.8% 186.8 0.6% 27.6 0.4% 59.7
Miscellaneous Plastic Containers 0.5% 12.0 1.6% 0.2 0.4% 17.4 0.4% 82.1 0.4% 17.5 1.1% 154.6
Film Plastic 4.7% 111.8 6.2% 0.9 2.7% 106.5 4.5% 1040.8 2.3% 98.9 5.9% 860.6
Clear Glass Bottles&Containers 1.2% 29.9 1.0% 0.1 3.5% 136.7 1.7% 390.8 1.4% 59.9 2.0% 288.7
Green Glass Bottles&Containers 0.4% 9.0 2.3% 0.3 1.6% 62.3 0.7% 165.8 0.5% 20.2 4.6% 679.3
Brown Glass Bottles&Containers 0.2% 4.0 0.9% 0.1 1.6% 63.4 0.6% 133.9 0.3% 11.2 0.8% 110.8
Aluminum Cans 0.2% 5.0 0.5% 0.1 0.3% 9.9 0.1% 23.2 0.1% 6.1 0.3% 44.2
Tin/Steel Cans 1.9% 45.6 0.7% 0.1 0.5% 19.2 1.9% 439.5 0.4% 16.4 0.4% 57.3
Other Ferrous Metal 5.2% 125.2 0.4% 0.1 0.1% 5.0 0.1% 29.3 0.2% 8.2 1.7% 254.4
Other Non-Ferrous Metal 0.4% 9.5 0.1% 0.0 0.3% 10.2 0.4% 84.8 0.1% 6.4 0.1% 18.2
Ma'or A liances 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 5.4
Textiles 4.7% 113.2 2.0% 0.3 1.7% 68.3 0.3% 71.1 0.3% 14.6 1.4% 207.5
Lumber 3.2% 75.9 0.4% 0.1 5.3% 206.3 0.8% 172.6 1.8% 77.0 1.6% 241.3
Rock,Soil&Fines 1.3% 30.7 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 2.0% 85.3 0.8% 112.1
Concrete 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 1.2% 52.4 0.5% 79.8
As halt Pavin 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.8% 186.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Tires 2.4% 57.0 1.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Batteries 0.0% 1.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.3 0.0% 0.7 0.1% 2.8 0.0% 7.0
Used Oil 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Subtotal 28.3% 678.7 19.9% 2.9 19.1% 745.4 13.3% 3,048.9 12.0% 522.4 22.7% 3,338.6
Compostables
Food 12.6% 303.5 25.8% 3.8 33.1% 1,295.6 57.3% 13,109.1 11.7% 510.7 23.7% 3,478.9
Leaves&Grass 6.0% 143.4 3.8% 0.6 4.2% 163.6 0.2% 42.4 19.8% 862.6 1.9% 272.0
Prunings&Trimmings 1.1% 27.6 0.7% 0.1 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 2.7 1.9% 82.5 2.2% 322.9
Branches&Stumps 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Compostable Paper 7.8% 187.5 14.3% 2.1 6.3% 246.1 5.1% 1,159.3 11.9% 519.9 9.6% 1,407.5
Subtotal 27.6% 662.0 44.5% 6.5 43.6% 1,705.4 62.5% 14,313.5 45.3% 1,975.7 37.3% 5,481.4
Other Materials
Remainder/Com osite Pa er 7.0% 169.0 14.7% 2.2 4.2% 163.2 8.1% 1,848.2 9.4% 410.9 9.9% 1,458.5
Durable Plastic Items 1.8% 42.4 1.2% 0.2 0.8% 30.6 0.7% 154.1 2.3% 100.3 1.7% 256.9
Remainder/Com osite Plastic 1.2% 28.4 3.5% 0.5 1.5% 58.7 0.6% 137.4 1.3% 57.0 2.8% 408.5
Flat Glass 0.0% 0.0 1.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 14.5
Other Colored Glass Bottles&Containers 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 11.7 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite Glass 0.7% 16.6 0.3% 0.0 0.3% 12.9 0.2% 36.7 0.9% 38.3 0.7% 107.0
Remainder/Com osite Metal 6.8% 162.5 0.1% 0.0 0.5% 19.1 0.9% 215.2 2.0% 86.5 1.0% 151.9
Remainder/Com osite Or anic 5.9% 141.2 2.4% 0.3 2.4% 95.2 0.4% 86.9 4.4% 191.4 0.9% 133.8
Gypsum Board 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 48.9 0.4% 15.8 0.0% 0.0
Asphalt Roofing 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 1.7 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite C&D 0.4% 9.2 0.0% 0.0 0.2% 8.7 2.7% 626.4 0.8% 36.7 1.4% 206.5
Bulky Items 1.2% 29.4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 3.1 0.0% 0.0
Industrial Sludge 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Mixed Residue 0.5% 12.1 0.0% 0.0 0.1% 3.7 0.2% 42.9 0.4% 19.1 0.6% 89.5
Ash 0.0% 0.5 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 1.6 0.2% 7.8 0.0% 0.0
Agricultural Crop Residues 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Manures 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Sewage Solids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Treated Medical Waste 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0
Remainder/Com osite S ecial Waste 0.1% 1.5 0.2% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.4% 16.6 0.0% 0.0
Paint 0.0% 1.2 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.8
Vehicle&Equipment Fluids 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.2
Remainder/Composite Hazardous 0.4% 9.4 0.0% 0.0 0.0% 0.1 0.0% 0.1 0.4% 16.4 0.5% 75.9
Subtotal 26.0% 623.6 23.5% 3.5 10.0% 392.2 14.0% 3,210.1 23.0% 1,001.6 19.8% 2,903.9
Total 100.0% 2,401.7 100.0% 14.7 100.0% 3,912.6 100.0% 22,885.2 100.0% 4,363.3 100.0% 14,684.5
DECEMBER 31,2007
PAGE B-26
RESOLUTION NO. �� Q��� '
BEFORE THE BOARD OF COIINTY COMMISSIONER3 OF SPORANE COiTNTY, WA
. IN THE MATTER OF ESTABLISHING )
SERVICE LEVELS FOR RESIDENTIAL )
RECYCLING COLLECTION IN ) R E S O L II T I O N
IININCORPORATED AREAS OF )
SPOKANE COUNTY )
WHEREAS, Spokane County ("County") is charged by Chapters
36.58 and 70.95, RCW with the primary responsibility for adopting
, a comprehensive solid waste management plan to control the handling
and disposal of solid waste within the unincorporated areas of its
boundaries; and
WHEREAS, on July 10, 1990, the County adopted the 1990 Spokane �
� County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update ("1990
Plan") to govern the solid waste management policies and practices
of Spokane County pursuant to RCW 70.95. 080; and .
WHEREAS, on July 9, 1990, the City of Spokane ("City") also
adopted the 1990 Plan to govern solid waste management policies and
practices within the City pursuant to RCW 70.95.080; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to RCW 70.95.010(8) , 70.95.040, 70.95.092
and 70.95. 160, the 1990 Plan provides for certain rate structures
and service levels to promote recycling, waste reduction and waste
separation; and
RESOLUTION NO. �� 0:���
Page 2
WHEREAS, on March 14E 1990, the City and County submitted the
1990 Plan to the State of Washington's Department of Ecology
("Ecology") for review pursuant to RCW 70.95.094; and
WHEREAS, in July 1990, Ecology provided comments on the 1990
Plan and requested revisions to the 1990 Plan in areas other than
the rate structures and levels of service for recycling, waste
reduction and waste separation; and
WHEREAS, the City and County submitted a revised Plan to
Ecology in March 1991, ("1991 Plan") for review pursuant to RCW
70.95. 094; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to RCW 70.95.010(8) , 70.95.040, 70.95.092
and 70.95.I60, the 1991 Plan provides for the same rate structures
: and service levels as the 1990 Plan to promote recycling, waste
reduction and waste separation; and
WHEREAS, a Final Environmental Impact Statement ("FEIS") was
issued fqr the 1990 Plan on June 18, 1990, and the County intends
_ to adopt the FEIS prior to its final adoption of the 1991 Plan; and
WHEREAS, the County Commissioners have duly considered the
adverse environmental impacts associated with implementation of the
RESOLUTION NO. ��- �`�"'��
Page 3
1990 and 1991 Plans (collectively herein the "Plans") and this
resolution; and
WHEREAS, the City is implementing a residential curbside
recycling program pursuant to the Plans within the City's
boundaries; and
WHEREAS, the County desires to implement a residential
curbside recycling program pursuant to the Plans within certain
unincorporated areas of the County's boundaries; and
WHEREAS, RCW 36.58.040 authorizes the County to provide by
resolution for a system of solid waste handling and disposal,
including processing and conversion of solid wastes into other
valuable or useful products, and to either award contracts to
collect residentially source separated recyclable materials or to
notify the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission
("WUTC") to carry out the waste reduction and recycling elements
of the Plans; and
WHEREAS, RCW 70.95. 160 requires the County to adopt
resolutions to establish minimum levels and types of services for
� any aspect of solid waste handling, and to implement other aspects
of the Plans; and
i �
RESOLUTION NO. ��' �`�`��
Page 4 •
WHEREAS, RCW 81.77.030 and 81.77.040 require the WUTC, through
its review and approval of rate structures and billing systems and
its issuance, amendment and revocation of certificates of
necessity, to require solid waste collection companies to comply
with the waste management priorities in RCW 70.95. 010, the Plans
and related implementation resolutions; and .
WHEREAS, State and federal law and regulations have placed
. increased responsibility on local governments to manage solid waste
in a manner that protects public health and safety; and
WHEREAS, the County and City, through the Plans, have made
iong-term commitments to waste reduction and recycling, including
curbside recycling; and
WHEREAS, the solid waste haulers presently operating in the
County and certificated by the WUTC have consistently provided
necessary, efficient, and convenient solid waste collection
services to the unincorporated portions of the County; and
WHEREAS, to continue operating an efficient waste disposal
system and recycling collection system. requires that solid waste
and recycling collection companies provide adequate and appropriate
Ievels of service at fair, just and reasonable rates to residential
customers within the unincorporated areas of the County;
RESOLUTION NO. ��- �`���
Page 5
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the County Commissioners of
Spokane County as follows:
Section 1. Purpose
A. The policies expressed in Spokane County's 1990 and 1991 Plans
make waste reduction and recycling the preferred methods of
, handling solid waste. The purpose of this resolution is to
specify service levels and rate structures for recycling
collection in unincorporated areas of the County that
encourage recycling and waste reduction, protect the public
health and safety, and to ensure to the maximum extent
practicable that only separated waste is incinerated or
landfilled.
B. Certain service levels and rate structures for recycling
collection are hereby established in the unincorporated areas
of Spokane County to further the objectives of the Plans,
including a high level of waste reduction and recycling; to
ensure the provision of such collection systems and services
as are in the public interest; and to secure a healthful
environment for all citizens of Spokane County.
� a �
RESOLUTION NO. �1 Q'"�'`����
Page 6
Section 2. Findincts
The County Commissioners, in establishing service levels and rate
structure principles, determine and find:
A. Waste reduction and recycling measures contemplated by the
� Plans promote the health, safety, and welfare of County
residents by encouraging re-use and recycling of solid waste
� to the maximum extent practicable, and ensuring that only
separated waste is incinerated or landfilled.
B. State and federal laws and regulations have increased the
responsibility of local governments to manage solid waste
systems in a manner that protects public health and safety.
C. The State, City and County have set waste reduction and
recycling as the highest priorities in managing solid waste.
In order to make programs for waste reduction, curbside
recycling and other source separation feasible, rate
structures must make it cost-effective for residents who
generate small amounts of waste to participate in such
� programs.
D. . It is the policy of the County that collected recyclable
materials be processed locally whenever practicable.
RESOLUTION NO. ��' Q`�"��
Page 7
E. Adoption of this resolution is necessary for the protection
of natural resources and the environment, the immediate
preservation of the public health and welfare and the support
� of governmental activities.
. Section 3. Definitions
A. "Certificated hauler" or "hauler" means a solid waste
collection company as defined by ch. 81.77, RCW and
certificated to operate in the unincorporated portions of
Spokane County.
B. "Eligible single family residence" shall mean any single
family residence located within the urban unincorporated
portions of Spokane County which receives garbage collection
service from a certificated hauler. The certificated hauler
must provide the level of service described in this resolution
to all of these eligible residences and the resident must pay
for.the service whether or not the resident elects to actually
use the service. "Eliqible sinqle family residence" shall
also include any singTe family residence located within the
urban unincorporated portions of Spokane County which does not
receive garbage collection service from a certificated hauler
where the resident elects to receive the recycling collection
RESOLUTION NO. ��" �`���
Page 8
service� described in this resolution. These eligible
residences must pay for the recycling collection service only
if the resident elects to receive it. These eligible
residences are not required to accept garbage collection
service from a certificated hauler, even if they elect to
receive recycling collection service.
C. "Project" means the Spokane Regional Solid Waste Disposal
Project established and governed by interlocal agreement
between the County and City in November 1987, as amended.
D. "Recyclables" means those solid wastes that are separated for
recycling or reuse as identified in this resolution.
E. "Single family residence" means a residential dwelling
containing four or fewer dwelling units on one lot or parcel.
WYiere two, three, or four units are on one lot or parcel, each
' unit shall be considered as an individual single family
residence. '
F. "Solid Waste" shall have the meaning given to it by RCW
_ ..
7U:95.030. �
RESOLUTION NO. ��. ����
Page 9
G. "Urban unincorporated portions of Spokane County" shall mean
all unincorporated areas within the boundaries of the map �
attached hereto as "Exhibit A" .
Section 4. Residential Recyclinq Collection
A. Beginning no later than August 1, 1991, or no later than
fourteen (14) days after the effective date of an applicable
WUTC tariff under Section 5.A. of this resolution, whichever
date occurs later, certificated haulers shall collect source
separated recyclables from all eligible single family
residences except as provided in Section 4.K. of this
resolution. All eligible single family residences shall be
provided with recycling collection once each week, and
collection shall be provided on the same day of the week as
garbage collection if the eligible residence also receives
garbage collection.
B. The •Project shall provide recycling containers to each single
family residence. The cost of lost or stolen containers shall
be borne by the customer. The hauler shall deliver all
containers to the dwelling unit unless otherwise directed by
the Project.
RESOLUTION NO. ��- ����
Page 10 .
C. Haulers shall collect the following materials:
1. Newspaper
2 . PET plastic
3 . Aluminum containers
4 . Tin-plated steel containers
5. Glass containers (clear and colored)
6. Household batteries
D. Materials shall be collected on the improved public road
nearest to the residence, or. other location mutually agreed
upon by the hauler and customer, when properly set out on the
designated collection day. The hauler is not required to
collect materials at any particular. hour. The collector is
not required to enter private property to collect material
� while an animal considered or feared to be vicious is loose.
E. In case of missed collection, the hauler shall investigate
and, if the missed collection is verified, shall arrange for
the collection of the uncollected recyclable material within
one • business day after the complaint is received, unless
otherwise agreed by the hauler and customer. All haulers
shall add staff as needed to answer questions and respond to
complaints concerning collection of recyclable material from
8: 0o a.m. to 5:0.0 p.m. on collection days.
RESOLUTION NO e �� �°'�`�'
� Page 11
F. Each hauler shall charge the same recycling collection rates
to each residential dwelling unit. Revenues from such rates
shall be designed to cover all projected collection, marketing :.
and administrative costs reasonably and necessarily incurred
by the hauler to provide residential recycling collection.
However, only costs directly associated with recycling service
may be allocated to recycling rates. For those eligible
,' residences which receive both garbage and recycling collection
services from a certificated hauler, the rate printed on the
hauler's bill shall be a combined figure representing the
garbage collection rate plus the recycling collection rate.
G. Haulers and recycling companies shall take reasonable actions
in marketing recyclable materials to implement the County's
policies regarding local processing and priorities of use.
� Al1 recyclable materials collected, other than household
. batteries, shall be processed and marketed such that no
recyclable material is disposed of in any way other than
recycling. Haulers shall use dedicated recycling collection
vehicles and adopt collection procedures and technologies to
minimize the cross-contamination or nonrecyclability of
collected materials. Haulers must deliver household batteries
� to a location within the County designated by the Project.
The Project will provide for the proper storage and disposal
of household batteries.
RESOLUTION NO. ��' �'�'��
Page 12
H. The Project, in consultation with certificated haulers and
purchasers of recy.clable materials, shall establish
promotional strategies by which the haulers and the Project
shail inform the public about recycling collection service.
The costs of implementing such strategies shall borne by the
Project. Any hauler that wishes to adopt additional
promotional strategies shall obtain the prior approval of the
Project. Requirements imposed by the WUTC are not promotional
strategies for purposes of this section.
I. No person, other than the collectors as authorized by this
resolution, may collect, remove, haul, or dispose of
recyclable materials set out for collection pursuant to
Section 4 of this resolution without first obtaining the
. consent of the occupant or. owner of the premises.
J. The business name and telephone number of the collector shall
be clearly v.isible on each side of each vehicle used to
provide residential recycling service. The collector shall
' contain, tie, or enclose all collected materials to prevent
leaking, spilling, or littering.
K. If the Project determines that a certificated hauler has
faiied to comply with the requirements or policies of this
RESOLUTION NO. �� ��"��
Page 13
resolution, the Project shall provide the hauler with a
written notice specifying the noncompliance and affording the
, hauler sixty (60) days to cure the noncompliance; provided,
however, that the hauler shall not be required to cure any
noncompliance that is caused by an event or condition,
including a threat to the public health or safety, that is
beyond the hauler's control. At the discretion of the
Project, the period for cure may be extended up to an
additional sixty (60) days. If the hauler fails to cure, the
� Project may request that the County contract for the provision
of residential recycling service pursuant to RCW 36.58.040 in
the area served by the hauler.
Section 5. Submittal of Documents and Notices
A. Each certificated hauler shall file a proposed tariff revision
with the WUTC that complies with the requirements of this
resolution within thirty (30) days of the adoption of this
resolution.
B. Whenever a certificated hauler of recyclable materials within
the unincorporated areas of Spokane County files a proposed
tariff revision with the WUTC, the hauler shall simultaneously
provide the Project with copies of the proposed tariff and all
supporting materials submitted to the WUTC at any time prior
to approval of the tariff. Such materials include but are not
RESOLUTION NO. ��.. ��a�C�`J
Page 14
limited to any correspondence or other information concerning
rate calculation parameters and details, tariff sheet
app�ication and adjustments, and annual reports.
C. A11 certificated haulers shall provide the Project with the
following information on a quarterly basis:
1. number of weekly recycling bin set-outs per route;
2. monthly recycling tonnages per material from all
_ recycling collectors and processors;
3. recycling collection and processing service contracts and
amendments;
4. a log of all customer complaints about recycling,
specifying the date, nature of, complaint and resolution
for each complaint;
5. any changes in usage and type of equipment used per
recycling route;
6. average pounds of recyclables collected per household or
multi-unit complex, per route; ;
7. operational problems, successes and changes per recycling
• route; and,
8. frequency of and reasons for recycling bin replacement.
RESOLUTION NO. ��. ��+.��
Page 15
Section 6. Notice to Utilities and Transportation Commission
The Spokane County Commissioners, pursuant to RCW 81.77. 030(5) and
RCW 81.77.040, hereby notify and request that the Washington
Utilities and Transportation Commission carry out and implement the
policies and programs specified in this resolution and in the Plan
in coordination with certificated haulers through the Commission's
rate setting and oversight authority.
Section 7. Modification of Collection Schedules.
The schedules for frequency of collection of recyclable materials
established in Section 4 .A. and/or the list of materials to be
collected established in Section 4.C. may be modified by the County
at any time; Provided, no modification shall become effective
without at least ninety (90) days advance notice to all aff.ected
certified haulers, or such other time-frame as may be necessary for
certified haulers to apply for and obtain tariff revisions from the
WUTC, if necessary, as a result of the County's modification.
Section 8. Severability.
If any portion or section of the resolution or its application to
any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the
RESOLUTION NO. ��- �'��� .
Page 16
resolution or the application of the section to other persons or
circumstances is not affected.
Section 9. Effective Date
The provisions of this resolution are to be effective upon adoption �
of this resolution by the County Commissioners.
- �
APPROVED this �� day of , 199�.
SPOKANE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
� SPOKANE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
�
hn McBri
. 1 ��
Pat Mu y
; Stev H on
T S .
Cle o the Commissio er
Date: 7_,Z3�7 �
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
, Jim Emacio .
Chief Civil Deputy
Prosecuting Attorney
Submit to Clerk of the Board with accompanying paperwork(Resolution, Agreements, etc.)
AGENDA SHEET
SUBMITTING DEPARTMENT: Division of Utilities
CONTACT PERSON: Bill Wedlake
PHONE NUMBER: 477-7281
CHECK TYPE OF MEEI'ING ITEM BELOW: BELOW FOR CLERK'S USE ONLY:
2:00 PM CONSENT AGENDA:❑ Clerk's Resolution No.
BY LEAVE: ❑ Approved: Majority/Unanimous
Denied: Majority/Unanimous
5:00 PM LEGISLATIVE SESSION: � Renews/Amends No.
BY LEAVE:❑ Public Works No.
Purchasing Dept.No.
SPECIAL SESSION: ❑
AGENDA TITLE: In the Matter of Establishing Service Levels for Residential Recycling Collection in Urban
Areas of Spokane County
BACKGROUND:
This is a Public Hearing for the Board to consider establishing service levels for residential recycling collection
in certain urban areas of Spokane County (the "Proposed Ordinance").
The policies expressed in Spokane County's 1990, 1991 and 1998 Plans make waste reduction and recycling
the preferred methods of handling solid waste. The purpose of the Proposed Ordinance is to specify service
levels for recycling collection in urban areas of the County that encourage recycling and waste reduction,
protect the public health and safety, and to ensure to the maximum extent practicable that only separated
waste is incinerated or placed in landfills.
Certain service levels for recycling collection are hereby established in the urban areas of Spokane County to
further the objectives of the Plans, including a high level of waste reduction and recycling; to ensure the
provision of such collection systems and services as are in the public interest; and to secure a healthful
environment for all citizens of Spokane County.
RECOMMENDATION: Adopt the Proposed Ordinance to specify service levels for residential recycling
collection in the unincorporated areas of Spokane County.
FISCAL IMPACT: None.
SIGNATURES:
lJ���������d.(_1
Department Head/Elected Official or Marshall Farnell
Designated Authority(Requesting Agenda Item) Chief Executive Officer
DISTRIBUTION AFTER COMMISSIONER ACTION: Utilities
� Check here if this item needs to be codified in the County Code Book.
�4�J�
No. •. '7 �O,.i�
BEFORE THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
OF SPOKANE COUNTY, WASHINGTON
IN THE MATTER OF ESTABLISHING )
SERVICE LEVELS FOR RESIDENTIAL )
RECYCLING COLLECTION IN ) RESOLUTION
UNINCORPORATED AREAS OF )
SPOKANE COUNTY )
WHEREAS, the County desires to amend the service levels for residential recycling
collection from single family and multifamily residences in the urban areas of Spokane County;
and
WHEREAS, Spokane County ("County") is charged by Chapters 36.58 and 70.95, RCW
with the primary responsibility for adopting a comprehensive solid waste management plan to
control the handling and disposal of solid waste within the urban areas located within its
boundaries, as the term"urban areas" is defined herein; and
WHEREAS, on July 10, 1990, the County adopted the 1990 Spokane County
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update ("1990 Plan") to govern the solid waste
management policies and practices of Spokane County, pursuant to RCW 70.95.080; and
WHEREAS, on July 9, 1990, the City of Spokane ("City") also adopted the 1990 Plan to
govern solid waste management policies and practices within the City pursuant to RCW
70.95.080; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to RCW 70.95.010(8), 70.95.040, 70.95.092 and 70.95.160, the
1990 Plan provides for certain service levels to promote recycling, waste reduction and waste
separation; and
WHEREAS, on March 14, 1990, the City and County submitted the 1990 Plan to the
State of Washington's Department of Ecology ("Ecology") for review pursuant to RCW
70.95.094; and
WHEREAS, in July 1990, Ecology provided comments on the 1990 Plan and requested
revisions to the 1990 Plan in areas other than the levels of service for recycling, waste reduction
and waste separation; and
WHEREAS, the City and County submitted a revised Plan to Ecology in March 1991,
("1991 Plan") for review pursuant to RCW 70.95.094; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to RCW 70.95.010(8), 70.95.040, 70.95.092 and 70.95.160, the
1998 Plan provides for the same service levels as the 1991 Plan to promote recycling, waste
reduction and waste separation; and
- 1 -
No. ._ � �OJ$
WHEREAS, the County Commissioners have duly considered the environmental
impacts associated with implementation of the 1990, 1991 and 1998 Plans (collectively herein
the "Plans") and this resolution; and ��
WHEREAS, the City has implemented a residential curbside recycling program pursuant
to the Plans within the City's boundaries; and
WHEREAS, RCW 36.58.040 authorizes the County to provide by resolution for a
system of solid waste handling and disposal, including processing and conversion of solid wastes
into other valuable or useful products, and to either award contracts to collect residentially
source separated recyclable materials or ta notify the Washing Utilities and Transportation
Commission ("WLITC") to carry out the waste reduction and recycling elements of the Plans;
and
WHEREAS, RCW 70.95.160 requires the County to adopt resolutions to establish
minimum levels and types of services for any aspect of solid waste handling, and to implement
other aspects of the Plans; and
WHEREAS, RCW 81.77.030 and 81.77.040 require the WLJTC, through its review and
approval of billing systems and its issuance, amendment and revocation of certificates of
necessity, to require solid waste collection companies to comply with the waste management
priorities in RCW 70.95.010, the Plans and related implementation resolutions; and �
WHEREAS, State and federal law and regulations have placed increased responsibility
on local governments to manage solid waste in a manner that protects public health and safety;
and
WHEREAS, the County and City, through the Plans,have made long-term commitments
to waste reduction and recycling, including curbside recycling; and
WHEREAS, the solid waste haulers presently operating in the County and certificated
by the WLJTC have consistently provided necessary, efficient, and convenient solid waste �
collection services to the urban areas of the County; and
WHEREAS, to continue operating an efficient waste disposal system and recycling
collection system requires that solid waste and recycling collection companies provide adequate
and appropriate levels of service at fair,just and reasonable rates to residential customers within
the urban areas of the County; and
WHEREAS, a notice of public hearing was given as required by RCW 3636.120(7) and
65.16.160 regarding establishing service levels for residential recycling collection in the
unincoproated areas of Spolcane County; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to the provisions of RCW Section 36.94.080, the Board held a
public hearing on January 16, 2007, at 5:00 p.m., in the Assembly Room of the Board of County
- 2 -
No. , � OOv8
Commissioners to consider "Establishing Service Levels for Residential Recycling Collection in
Unincorporated Areas of Spokane County"; and
WHEREAS, after considering all public testimony submitted at said public hearing, the
Board wishes to reenact the solid waste system and plans implemented by Resolutions 91-0538
and 92-0605 along with additions or modifications necessary and/or prudent to comply with
requirements and constraints that govern such systems and plans.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of County Commissioners of
Spokane County as follows:
l. Spokane County Resolution Nos. 91-0538 and 92-0605 are repealed in their
entirety; and,
2. The attached "Recycling Service Levels Ordinance" is adopted and codified as
Chapter 8.58 of the Spokane County Code.
PASSED AND ADOPTED this 16th day of January 2007.
,�``�`�,� �'fl�'��, BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
s OF SPOKANE C � , WASHINGTON
� �4�;�;;ri�c�;���o,�
�o .� � .��;. �
i�, •, ��� �
"� �S�`��� �°�� Mark Rich rd, Chair
�� .���,
ATTEST: �
� . � � � ���
Bonnie Mager, Vice-Chair
By: '�
Daniela Erickson, � � `
Clerk of the Board '�� �_ - �
Todd Mielke, Commissioner
- 3 -
EXHIBIT "A" � �
ORDINANCE NO.
RECYCLING SERVICE LEVELS
(Codified at Spokane County Code Chapter 8.58)
Section 1. Purpose '7 �(��8
A. The policies expressed in Spokane County's 1990, 1991 and 1998 Plans make waste
reduction and recycling the preferred methods of handling solid waste. The purpose of
this Ordinance is to specify service levels for recycling collection in urban areas of the
County that encourage recycling and waste reduction, protect the public health and
safety, and to ensure to the maximum extent practicable that only separated waste is
incinerated or placed in landfilis.
B. Certain service levels for recycling collection are hereby established in the urban areas of
Spokane County to further the objectives of the Plans, including a high level of waste
reduction and recycling; to ensure the provision of such collection systems and services
as are in the public interest; and to secure a healthful environment for all citizens of
Spokane County.
C. Nothing in this Ordinance shall prevent a recycling company or nonprofit entity from
collecting and transporting recyclable materials from a buy-back center, drop-box, or
from a commercial or industrial generator of recyclable materials, or upon agreement �
with a solid waste collection company.
D. Nothing in this Ordinance shall be construed as prohibiting a commercial or industrial
generator of commercial recyclable materials from selling, conveying, or arranging for
transportation of such material to a recycler for reuse or reclamation.
Section 2. Findin�s
The County Commissioners, in establishing service levels and rate structure principles,
determine and find:
A. Waste reduction and recycling measures contemplated by the Plans promote the
health, safety, and welfare of County residents by encouraging re-use and recycling of
solid waste to the maximum extent practicable, and ensuring that only separated
waste is incinerated or placed in landfills. �
B. State and federal laws and regulations have increased the responsibility of local
governments to manage solid waste systems in a manner that protects public health
and safety.
Recycling Service Levels Ordinance Page 1 of 6
C. The State, City and County have set waste reduction and recycling as the highest
priorities in managing solid waste. In order to make programs for waste reduction,
curbside rec clin an oth r
y g d e source separation feasible, rate structures must make it
cost-effective for residents who generate small amounts of waste to participate in
such programs.
D. It is the policy of the County that collected recyclable materials are processed for
market at a local material recovery facility whenever practicable.
E. Adoption of this Ordinance is necessary for the protection of natural resources and
the environment, the immediate preservation of the public health and welfare and the
support of governmental activities.
Section 3. Definitions
A. `Beneficial Use" means the use of solid waste as an ingredient in a manufacturing
process, or as an effective substitute for natural or commercial products, in a manner
that does not pose a threat to human health or the environment. Avoidance of
processing or disposal cost alone does not constitute beneficial use (WAC 173-350-
100).
B. "Certified hauler" or "hauler"means a solid waste collection company as defined by
Chapter 81.77, RCW and certificated to operate in the unincorporated portions of
Spokane County.
C. "Eligible residence" shall mean any residence located within the urban areas of
Spokane County, identified in Exhibit A of this Ordinance, which receives garbage
collection service from a certificated hauler. The certificated hauler must provide the
level of service described in this Ordinance to all those eligible residences and the
customer must pay for the service whether or not the customer elects to actually use
the service. `Bligible residence" shall also include any residence located within the
urban unincorporated portions of Spokane County which does not receive garbage
collection service from a certificated hauler but elects to receive the recycling service
described in this Ordinance. These eligible residences, not otherwise required to pay
for the garbage and recycling services, must pay for the recycling collection service
only if the customer elects to receive it. These residences that become eligible
residences by election only, are not required to accept garbage collection service from
a certificated hauler, even if they elect to receive recycling collection service.
D. "Material Recovery Facilities" shall have the meaning given to it by RCW 70.95.100.
E. "Multi-family residence" shall mean any structure housing 5 or more dwelling units
or any other premises used for residential purposes not included elsewhere.
F. "Processing" shall have the meaning give to it by 173-350-100 WAC.
Recycling Service Levels Ordinance Page 2 of 6
G. "Recyclables"means those solid wastes that are separated for recycling or reuse as
identified in this Ordinance.
H. "Single family residence" means a residential dwelling containing four or fewer
dwelling units an one lot or parcel. Where two, three, or four units are on one lot or
parcel, each unit shall be considered as an individual single family residence.
I. "Solid Waste" shall have the meaning given to it by RCW 70.95.030.
J. "System" means the Spokane Regional Solid Waste Disposal System established and
governed by interlocal agreement between the County and City in November 1987, as
amended.
K. "Urban areas" shall mean required service areas described in the 1998 Plan and all
urban areas within the boundaries depicted on the map attached hereto as "Exhibit
A". Annually, the Board of County Commissioners shall review all citizen petitions
to redefine the urban areas defined in Exhibit A. By way of amendment to this
Ordinance, the urban areas identified in Exhibit A attached to this Ordinance may be
redefined by the Board of County Commissioners.
Section 4. Residential Recvcling Collection
A. Beginning no later than January 1, 2007, or no later than fourteen(14) days after the �
effective date of an applicable WUTC tariff under section S.A. of this Ordinance,
whichever date occurs later, certificated haulers shall collect source separated � � �
recyclables from all eligible single family residences except as provided in Section
� 4.K. of this Ordinance. All eligible single family residences shall be provided with �
recycling collection weekly, and collection shall be provided on the same day of the
week as garbage collection if the eligible residence�also receives garbage collection.
B. The System shall provide recycling containers to each single family residence. The
cost of lost or stolen containers shall be borne by the customer. The hauler shall
deliver all containers to the single-family residences unless otherwise directed. � �
Recycling will be made available to multi-family dwelling premises on a subscription
basis. The appropriate number of bins/carts will be provided by the hauling
company. The cost of lost or stolen containers shall be borne by the customer. The
hauler shall deliver all containers to the dwelling unit.
C. Haulers shall collect the following materials: �
1. Newspaper
2. #1 PET plastic bottles
3. #2 HDPE uncolored plastic bottles
Recycling Service Levels Ordinance Page 3 of 6
4. Aluminum cans
5. Tin-plated steel cans
6. Glass bottles and jars (clear and colored)
7. Household batteries, including rechargeable batteries
8. Automotive batteries
9. Corrugated cardboard and brown kraft paper bags
10. Magazines
11. Phonebooks
12. Cell phones, including batteries and chargers
D. By way of amendment to this Ordinance, new materials may be added after
consultation with the County, the System, haulers, and material recovery facility
operators.
E. Materials shall be collected on the improved public road nearest to the residence, or
other location mutually agreed upon by the hauler and customer, when properly set
out on the designated collection day. The hauler is not required to collect materials at
any particular hour. The hauler is not required to enter private property to collect
material while an animal considered or feared to be vicious is loose.
F. In case of missed collection, the hauler shall investigate and, if the missed collection
is verified, shall arrange for the collection of the uncollected recyclable material
within one business day after the complaint is received, unless otherwise agreed by
the hauler and customer. All haulers shall add staff as needed to answer questions
and respond to complaints concerning collection of recyclable material from 8:00
a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday except for scheduled holidays.
G. Each hauler shall charge the same recycling collection rates to each class of customer.
Rates charged for recycling collection shall be designed to cover all projected
collection, marketing and administrative costs reasonably and necessarily incurred by
the hauler to provide residential recycling collection as approved by the WLJTC.
However, only costs directly associated with recycling service may be allocated to
recycling rates. For those eligible residences which receive both garbage and
recycling collection services from a certificated hauler, the rate printed on the
hauler's bill shall identify the garbage collection rate and the recycling collection rate �
separately.
Recycling Service Levels Ordinance Page 4 of 6
� H. Haulers will deliver collected recyclable materials to a material recovery facility
which shall take reasonable actions in marlceting recyclable materials to implement
� the County's policies regarding local processing and priorities of use. All recyclable
materials collected, other than household batteries and incidental residuals, shall be
processed and marketed such that no recyclable material is disposed of in any way
other than recycling or beneficial use. Haulers shall use dedicated recycling
collection vehicles and adopt collection procedures and technologies to minimize the
cross-contamination or non-recyclability of collected materials. Haulers must deliver
household batteries to a location within the County designated by the System. The
System will provide for the proper storage and disposal of household batteries.
� I. The System, in consultation with certificated haulers of recyclable materials and
material recovery facility operators, shall establish promotional strategies by which
the haulers and the System shall inform the public about recycling collection service.
The costs of implementing such strategies shall be borne by the System. Any hauler
that wishes to adopt additional promotional strategies shall obtain the prior approval
of the System. Requirements imposed by the WUTC are not promotional strategies
for purposes of this section.
J. No person, other than the haulers as authorized by this Ordinance, may collect,
remove, haul, or dispose of recyclable materials set out for collection pursuant to
Section 4 of this Ordinance without first obtaining the consent of the occupant or
owner of the premises.
K. The business name and telephone number of the hauler shall be clearly visible on
each side of each vehicle used to provide residential recycling service. The hauler
shall contain, tie, or�enclose all collected materials to prevent leaking, spilling, ar
littering.
L. If the System determines that a certificated hauler has failed to comply with the
requirements of policies of this Ordinance, the System shall provide the hauler with a �
written notice specifying the alleged noncompliance and affording the hauler sixty
(60) days to cure the noncompliance; provided, however, that the hauler shall not be
required to cure any noncompliance that is caused by an event or condition, including
a threat to the public health or safety, that is beyond the hauler's control. At the
discretion of the System, the period for cure may be extended up to and additional
sixty (60) days. If the hauler fails to cure the noncompliance within the time allotted
for said cure, the System may request that the County contract for the provision of
residential recycling service pursuant to RCW 36.58.040 in the area served by the
� hauler. �
Section 5. Submittal of Documents and Notices
A. Each certificated hauler shall file a proposed tariff revision with the WLJTC that �
complies with the requirements of this Ordinance within thirty (30)days of the
adoption of this Ordinance.
Recycling Service Levels Ordinance Page 5 af 6
B. Whenever a certificated hauler of recyclable materials within the unincorporated
areas of Spokane County files a proposed tariff revision with the WUTC, the hauler
shall simultaneously provide the System with copies of the proposed tariff and all
supporting materials submitted to the WUTC at any time prior to approval of the
tariff. Such materials include but are not limited to any correspondence or other
information concerning rate calculation parameters and details, tariff sheet application
and adjustments, and annual reports.
� C. All certificated haulers shall provide the System with the following information on a �
quarterly basis:
1. �monthly recycling tonnages per material delivered to material recovery facilities;
2. any changes in usage and type of equipment used per recycling route and;
3. quantity of new single family bins picked up from the System, and frequency of
and reasons for recycling bin replacement.
Section 6. Notice to Utilities and Trans�ortation Commission
The Spokane County Commissioners, pursuant to RCW 81.77.030 (5) and RCW 81.77.040,
hereby notify and request that the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission carry out
and implement the policies and programs specified in this Ordinance and in the Plan in
coordination with certificated haulers through the Commission's rate setting and oversight
authority.
Section 7 Severabilitv
If any portion or section of the Ordinance or its application to any person or circumstance is held
invalid, the remainder of the Ordinance or the application of the section to other persons or
circumstances shall not be affected.
Section 8. Effective Date
The provisions of this Ordinance shall be effective upon adoption of this Ordinance by the
County Commissioners.
Recycling Service Levels Ordinance Page 6 of 6
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Exhibit A �
�-
No. 9_-� S a R
BEFC]Rl;"I�HE BC}A�D DN' CU�NTY C[7'_VIMI S SIUh ER5
�� SPUKANE C[7U V'I'Y. WEISHINGTQIV
TN 'I�HE MIITTER DF UPllA�I'INCi THE }
SPUKAh�CC7UNTY C�MPREHE?uSNE } RE S[7 L LJ"1'I Q�'
SULID WASTE MANAG�;M�NT PL�1N }
WHEREAS, pursuant to the pro�isions nf RCW 7�,95.[]YQ, each cc�unty with the state of
Washington, in caoperation with the �arious cites lacated within such �aunty, shall prepaxe a
caordinated, camprehensi�e solid waste management plan; and
WHEREAS, pursuant tn the prQ�isions af RCW 7Q.95.1I0, comprehensive soiid waste
management plans prepared uncier RCW 7fl.95.[]SU shail be maintained in a current condition and
re�icwed and revised periodically by countics and cities as may be required 6y thc Washington
State Department of Ecol��y; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to the provisions af RC: W 7D.95.0$[�, Spakane County and ihe cities
within Spokane C:ounty have by agreement entered into a collabarate apprQach to update the
Spokane County Comprehensi�e Solid Waste Management Plan; and
WHEREAS, pursuant the provisions of RCW 70.95.11 fl, 5pokane County held a public
hearing on April 28, 2�09 t❑ consider pubii� testimany and determine whether ar nat ta adopt,
reject or adopt in a re�ised farm a da�ument entitled draft Spokarre C:ounty C:nmpreherrsive Salid
Waste Management Ylan Clpdate; and
WHEREAS, at the conclusion ❑f the April 28, 2[][l9 public hcaring, the Board of County
Commissioncrs cantinucd thc publzc hcar for the written testimony until S:[�0 p.m. an Tuesday,
May 1�, 2QQ9, aftcr which datc the �3aard of �ounty Commissioners determinec� tc� set a date
far deliberatian(s} with regard tn the testimony in relatiUnship to the publi� the drafi Spokune
County Com�rehensive Sr21id Wcrsle t�lana�,remen! Plcrrr Updu[e; and
WHEREAS, thc Baard r�f County Commissioners recei�ed carrespandence dated May 11,
20Q9, frnm �tuss Menke, Director s�f the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System, wherein he
submitted fr�r consideratian by ihe Board af County Commissioncrs corrections to th� draft
�prjkune C'nunty Corra�reherasrve 5olic� Waste ll�iarzage f'larz Zlpdate. "I'he cQrrections were
braught ta the attention ❑f the System Director by thc Washingtnn State Department of Ec�logy
and the Washington Utilities and Transportation commissian and pri�ate business; and.
WHEREAS, the F3oard nf C:nunty Commissianers held deliberations on the draft
Spokane C.'ounty C.'r3m�arehensive �S'c�lid Waste t�fanuxerraeni Plun �pdafe on August 9,
Z�09 and Au�ust 27, 2409, during which deliberations the Spnkane Rcginnal Salid Waste
System pro�vided propQSed changes to the draft 5pokane C.aunty Cr�m�reherz.sive 5'nlicl Wuste
Munugement Plun �pdate, which chang�s w�r� rcduced to writin� in an ele�tr�nic
c�mrnunica[ion dated September 2, 2009; and
WHEREAS, in additi�n ta the (1) corrections to the draft �5pokarze CQUnty
Pa�e 1 of 3
Compreherrsive Solid Waste Manage Plan U�r�uce submitted by Rus� Menke, llirectar of the
Spokanc Rcgional Solid Waste System, and the t2) praposed changes to the draft �5'pnkane
Caunty Compreherrsive Sadid Waste Management Plara Updcare, which �han�es were reduced ta
writing in an ele�tr�nic eammunication dated September 2, 2flD9, the Board determined it was
appropriate to amcnd Subsection 5.7 (Recommendations) of 5ection 5 (Recyc�ing} as set
forth in draft Spakane C:ounty Comprehensi��e Solid Waste Vlanage Plan Update ta add the
following language:
Vnder RCW 7D.g5.d2a(7}: "It is thc in4ent afthe legislature that local
go�crnment bc cncouragcd to use the expertise of pri�ate industry
and to contract with private industry to ihe fullest extent possihle to
carry out soli�i waste reco�ery and re�ycling programs."
Gi�cn this le�islative intent, the System will encourage pri�ate scctor
solutians to present and f uture recycling and waste reduction challenges
in Spokane Caunty, including the incorparatcd cntities that are
signatories to the Plan.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT HEREI3Y RESDLVED by the Soard flf C:ounty
Commissioners of Spokane Caunty�, pursuant to thc prn�isic�ns RCW 7(3.95.08� and RCW
7D.9S.11 d, that the F3oard does heret�y adopt the draft 5pokane Cr�un[y Com�arehensive .�aIid
Waste Management I'lan U�dute as adr�ertised for ��nsideration at the April 28, Z�Q9 publi�
hearing with the fallnwin� changes:
(1} the propased correciions su�mitted in a letter dated May 11, 2�09 fram Russ
Mcnkc, 17irector of the 5pokane Regianat Sr�lid Waste System, a copy ❑f whi�.h is
attached heret� as Attachrnent "A" and incorporated hcrcin by reference are
adnpted and incorporated intc� the c�raft Spvkane County C.'c}mprehensive Solid
Waste �1�funuge Plan �pdate and;
f2} the changes noted in an cle�tronic communicatcd dated Sepfember 2,Z�09 frQm
Suzanne Tresko to I3i11 Wedlake, a capy ❑f which is attached hereto as Attachment
"B" are adopted and incorp�rated into thc �rait Sp�kurae Cauraty Camprehensive
S�lid Waste Mana�i Plan �pdute; and
(3} Subsectior� 5.7 (Reeommendations} nf Section 5 (Recy�ling}, as set forih in draft
Spokane Cnunty Comprehensi��e S�lid Waste Manage Plan ���dczte, is amended to
add thc fnllcawing languagc:
L]nder RCW 7Q.95.�]2i��7}: "Tt is the intent of the le�islature that local
go�ernment k�e encouraged tc� use ihe expertise af pri�ate industry
and to cc�ntraci with pri�ate industry ta the fullest extent possible to
carry ❑ut s�lid waste reco�cry and recy�ling programs."
�iven this lcgislati�e inient, the 5ystem will encoura�e pri�ate se�tor
solutions to present and futurc recy�ling and waste re�uction challcnges
in Sp[�kane County, including the incorparated entities that are
signatories ta the Plan.
BE IT FURTHF� RES�LVED, �onsistent with the pra�isi�ns af RCW 70.95.�94, that
Page 2 of 3
the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System Director is directed for forward a copy of the draft
Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Upda.te to include the corrections
and changes provided for herein to the Washington Sta.te Department of Ecology for appropriate
review and approval.
PASSED AND ADOP1'ED this ay of o 2009.
�
TO MIEL Chair
ATTEST: MAR.K RICHARD ice-Chair
� �O
Daruela Eric n BONNIE MAGER, Commissio er
Clerk of the Board
o� coNr,yr
sr
m�����c�G��'���'
• �'• �
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Page 3 of 3
Viay 1 l, 2409
Baard ❑f Cc�unty Cc�rnmissioners
Spokanc Cnunty Caurthousc
l 1 1 f� West Br❑adway A�enue
Spakane, WA ��92(i0
Dear C;nmmissianers,
The #�31lawing is submitted for your considcratinn as cUrrections ta the draft S�okane Caunty
�'c�mprehensive So1id Waste Managcment Plan Update (Plan},
There arc fi�ur iterns in t�e Plan th�t ha�e been brought tc� the Spokanc R�gianal Sc�lid Waste
Systcm's attention for carrcctic�n by the Washingtan State Department nf Ecology, the
Washington Utilitics and Transportation �nmmissian, and pri�'atc husiness.
1. Sectian 5 Re�ycling
Discussic�n: Ecalogy notcd that the descriptinns of'bath Busy I3cc Rc�yclin�; Campany and
Di�crsified Waod Rccycling needed t❑ bc update�.
Correction: text to update facility descriptians undcr SectiUn 5.2.8.3 as f'oll«ws:
13usy Bec Rccyclin�; Company
Bus�� ece Land�ll and Wnt�d F�ecycling Campany (Busy Bee) ac�cpts woc�dy organic
materials such as lumber, pallets, brush, and stumps. It alsa accepts all types of inert
materials, including concrete, asphalt, �lass, metal, non-cnntaminated�lirt, and�
�waad shingles. The wofld shingles and other nrganics are ground in a tu}� grinder far
use as mulch and �ther lands�apin�appiications.
Ui��ersitied Wc3oci Recyclfn�;
❑i��crsified Wood Recy�ling accepts ►�°nnd waste materials tram residential and
cammercial accounts i= ncluciin� ass__�li in s far fecd, waste sod it�r resale, wac� ft�r
c,,amnost bulk. and concrete fnr_ rrin�d�ing�d tise at constructian sitc c��ui�ment roads.
�I'he recycled r�4�oc�d wast� is used fan c��g fucl.
����..�h men� � rr
i
2. Sectian b Solid Waste Cnllectian
Discussian: C�}mrnent from Sunshine 17isposal and Rccycling to update collection area
description.
Carrection: text to update 5ections 5.2.3.2 and �.2.3.3 with thc f�llowing:
Section b.2.3.2 Muni�ipalities
, , Liberty Lake, , Millwoad, Spakane Valley
Waste Management of Washingion, Inc., ofters weekly solid waste ca���ction ser�ic�:s to
residential and commcrcial customers in the cities c�f � , , Liberty
I,ake, , Millwood, and Spokane Va��ey. In additi«n, Waste Management
nffers weekiy curbside colle�tion of recyclables ta residents in Liberty Lakc, M�llwoad,
and Spokanc Valley, wl�ich are lncated within its W[JTC franchise collectic�n arca.
Waste Vlana�cment offers weekly yard waste cnllection sc�vice to Liberty Lake,
VIillwnod, and 5pnkane Valley nine months of the year (Vlarch through Aio��ember}, and
monthly ser�ice during thc winter months (December thrc�ugh F�bruary}. �'n�, II'�°.'..
�
Airw•�.y I-�eights ., C`henev Deer Park, M.�dical I�a��
Sunshine DiSposal a�d R�c�ycling. Inc, ❑fters w��kly solid.�va�ste callecti�n servir:�t�
residential and cnmm�rcial_��amers_in the cities r�#'Airw�,�e�hts,_Chenev. Deer
_— _ _.
Park.q_and Medical Lake. In.additi�n}_Sunshine Disposal pro�idcs we�klKresidential �
, _r si yard wast� and�r cvclin� cUlle�tion services far
approximately 1,200 custamers in thc City af Deer Park. Cardhoard and office paper
recyclin�; (office pack} is ❑ffered ta husinesscs on a subscription hasis. 2[][J4 residential
collectian rates tt3r Deer Park �ustorners were: 1 can �SI2.14); Z cans (�16.33}.
�.2.3.3 Fair�hild Air Force Basc
Fairchild 11ir Fnrcc gase cantracts with SunShinc i7ispas_I an _ R c clin = _In�. ■'�
to pro�ide weekly cc��lection of its sr�lid waste and
residential recyclables. A hase cnntractor pra��ides nonresidcntial recyc�ing ser��ices.
The base manages municipal saiid waste {VISW) in thc most eificient and econt�mical
way, �ansistent with en�ironmental and health prntectinn. The three hasic apprnaches t❑
snlid waste management arc in-ser�ice operations, r:c3ntracts, and resflurce reco��ery.
Vlunicipal solid waste is generatcd in all cnmmunity li�ing yuarters and by administrati��e
funetions. This includcs all housing areas, oftice areas, Y�ase industrial operations, dinin�
facilities, Clcar I.ake Resort, Sen=ices facilities �for example, the gase Exchange and
CamrnissaryJ, and schnols,
Sunshinc pis os . rerno�es and transparts base-generated MSW to
the WTE Facility. Sunshine llis�osal'� ', cnntt'act includes solid
waste remo��al from military family housin� ('VIFII} and the base, curbside rccycling and
yard waste cnllectic�n frcam MFF�, and quarterly pick-up of bulky items (ft�r cxamplc,
�
furnitur�, appliances) t'rom MFH. Hausehold yard waste alsa is taken to the WTF
Facility, where it is transparted to a private compnsting facility(Wulf, 2[][]5).
Ex�iei�6-2
Residenkial Garbage Galiection Summary
Curbside Collection Orop-aff�ppartunity
CitylTown Pr��ider'�
; Garbage Recycling Yard Waste Recycfables Yard i
Waste
; Airway Heights Sunshine Qisposala Yes IV❑ No Yesb Yes
Cheney Sunshine�isposala Yes No No Yes° Yes°
Qeer Park Sunshine Disposala Yes Yes Yes Yes� Yes�
Fairfield Empire Disposal° Yes Na No Yes� Yesy
Latah Empire Dispasal� Yes N❑ N❑ Yesd Yesd
Medical Lake 5unshine [7ispas8la Y�s No No Yese Yese
Liberty Lake Waste Management` Yes Yes Yes Yesd Yes�
� Millwvad Waste Management� Yes Yes Yes Yes� Yes°
Spangle Empire I]ispasal� Yes No N❑ Yese Yesd
I Rockfard Empire ❑isposal` Yes !Uo No Yes� Yes°
� 5pokane City of 5pokanee Yes Yes Yes Yesd Yes°
' Spokar�e Valiey Waste Management� Yes Yes Yes Yes� `�esC
Waverly Empire�ispasai` Yes No Nfl Yes� Yes�
Fairchild AFS Sunshine Disposal� Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesd
' �o�tracted.
� City aperated.
� WUTC#ranchised.
d 5R5WS f�cilities.
3. SeCtion 12 1�laderate Risk V►�'aste :L�Iana�ernent.
Dis�ussinn: Llnder 12.4.2, Hauschflld Ha7arcinus Waste Collection, Aiternati��e 4a prc��ides
an alternati��e ta cantinuc with the Househc�ld Ha�ardaus Wastc colle�tior� prc3gram at the
Spnkane Re�i«nal Solid Waste Systcm Hnusehold Hacardous Waste faciliti�s. Altcrnatir�°e
4a was adde�l in Dec�mbcr 2(7[}7 after Lcalo�y cammcntcd that it was nat included in ihe
draft f'lan submitt�d fnr re�•iew in July Z0�}7: "Thc rccommendati�ns�ir� Sectir�n 12] dn not
include cnntinued c��eratian ❑f Systcm �hnusehnld hcrzurdous t��ustc�J callcctic�n facilities at
the transfcr stations and WTE facility. Is this an n��ersight? Your plan inust descrihe existing
3
and planned services anci f'acilities accurately." The al#crnative was never moved f�3rward as
a recommendati«n.
Correction: text ta update Sectit�n 12.5 I�ecammendatic3ns with the follc�win�:
4a Cantinue Househc3ld H��r c���_V►���t�.�oll�c-�i.t�n�t�erm�n�nt..�ystem f'aciliti�s,
4. `Text updates throughnut Plar� document regarding Washingtan [Itilities and
Transportation Commission ccrtificated haulers.
❑iscussiQn: From Washingtan []tilities and 'fransp�rtatian Cornmissic�n (WL]TC} comments
"The Plan dcscribcs solid waste callection companies as "[ranchise hauters" or"licensed
haulers." "The �nmmission issues Certificates af Public Con�enience and I�ecessity. Please
change a11 references frc�m"franchisc" and "licensed"t❑ "certificate"ar"certificated" as it
relates to regulated haulers."
Cnrrectian: text to be updated thrt�u€;hout Plan dc�cument in cc�mplianGC with WUTC
�c�mmcnts.
Please feel free to cantact me if ynu ha�c any qucsti�ns,
Sin�erely,
Ituss Menke
Directar
4
' Pa�e 1 nf 2
Wedlake, Bi11
From: Wedlake. 8i4!
Sent: Wednesday, 5eptember 02, 2009 1:12 PM
Ta: James Emaci❑
5uhject: FW: Comp Plan Modifications
Atta�hments: BoC� �fan adapt�on carrections submissian 2409-5-19.doc
Biil,
Beiow are the three text �hanges discussed at the 8-27-09 mesting. In addition, the
res�lutian needs �a include changes made ta correct errars and ommisions as a result
of Ecolagy's and WIJTC camments - attached.
5ec�ion 5, Recycling, Recammen�atians, page 5-48
Cnmmercial Recycling
](]. C}ontinue ta support and encourage pri�ate efforts to di�eri r��yclable materia�s from
commercial sour�es.
11. CQntinue to en�ouragc non-residential recyclin� thrc�u��z lac�l c�rdinances. policies,
nrncecluress inccnti�cs, technical assistance, and recagnitian pragrams.
12. N'ncaurage food wastc mana�ement by the commercial sectar.
Sectian 8 Energy Reco�eryllncineratian, Re�ammendations, page 8-12
8.4 Recommendatit�ns
I)uring the p�anning proccss, input on recommendations was sought from a wide �ariety of
�Sarticipants thrnughnut the Caunty: S�VflC, SIC, Spakane [:ounty, ea�h municipality, and the
general pub�i�. �;�aluatir3ns and camparisons ❑f the encrgy reco�ery altcrnati�es disct�sscd abo�c
lead this Plan to recommend implerr�enting a pragressi�•e but monitored approach ta aperatin�
the Waste to Energy facility. This appraa�h�vill pr��=ide far �ontinued responsible mainten�nce
and aperation of the facility while tnaintaining a sustainable ba�ance nf costs and hcncfits t�
Spokane Cc�unty residents and busincss�s. 5nmc ❑f the alternati�es ha�e been modified ta allow
for further assessment or monitoring of an issue befare implementatiQn. '�'his v�°as be�ause the
issue was eitYser nnt fully supp4rted by SWAC members, or SWAC c�id not ha�e ennugh
knawledge of thc i5sue to warrant iznplcmcntation withnut further study. An estimatec� timeframe
for implcmentatian oF each recommendatinn is listed in Section 14, Irnplemeniaiion. Those
alternati�es that did not mo�e forward as a recommendation ��erc gcncrally unsupportcd by
SWAC and thc public input pro�ess.
� . . , 4 � . �,
'. � � . � � . . Providec� th�Lt the VU'TE f�icilit�
remains an element of`thc rc�i��n's sc�lici «•�3ste mai�a��rnent strate��-, �lant operatians must
retnain responsi�e enough tc� be able to meet future State and �cderal air�missinns requirements
thraugh thc application of maximum achie�ahle controls technolagy in a manner that is deemed
cost effccti�e and affordablc.
Sectian 1 p Misceilaneaus Wastes, 10.4 Ash from Vllaste t� Energy Facility, page 1�-5:
"f�t��.�n�e��� �
�it 5�2�}���
^ Pagc 2 of 2
'I D.4.3 Alternati�es
The 5ystem should �ontin�e to monitor research and in�estigate alt�rnati�es far ash
utilization. T he handling ❑f ash residue must be pr�tecti�e o� public,
worker, and en►►irnnmenta! heal#h and safety_�Substanti�e chan es #v #he
handlin of the ash residue shall�ftett�cF be a�cvmpanied by an eariy and ext�nsi�e
public pracess cansistent wi#h WD�E ermit re uirements. Any ash
re�ycling program mus�� be pre�aded hy extensi►►e research intv recycled ash,
with documentation that no sic�nifi�ant harmful effects exist fram the reGycled ash
prvducts befvre a project is undertaken. Any no#ification of permit changes shall be
Gapied to the go�erninq bodi�s v�er the SRSWS.
9l1512009
CITY OF AI�2WAY HEIGHTS
SPOKANE COUN'TY, 'PVASHINGTON
RESOLUTION NO.2010-024
A R�S OLUTION R.ELATING TO THE ADQPTION QF THE SPOKAI'�E COUNTY
COMPREHEI�'SIVE SOLID�'ASTE NIANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE FOR T�[E CITY
0�AIItWAY HEIGIiTS.
WHEREAS,pursuant to the Washingtan State Salid Waste Management Recover and
Recycling Act(RCW 70.95) Spokane County and cities within Spokane County must prepare a
Solid Waste Management Plan;and
W�ER.EAS,the PIan includes the unincozporated areas of Spokane County and the
cities within Spokane County; and
V6r�lEItEAS, Spokane County heid public heartngs ana took testimony on Apri128,
2Q09, and took written testimony unti15:00 p.m. on Tuesday,May 1 l,2Q09; and
WFIEREAS,it is in the best interest af the City of Airwa�Heights ta participate in the .
implementation af the Plan;
NOW, THEREFORE,BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Airway
Heights, Waslv.ngton, as follows:
That the City of Airway Heights hereby adopts the 2009 Update of the Spokane County
Camprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan,including revisions a.dopted by the Board of
County Commissioners on September 15,2Q09,the Resolution No. 9-0829.
PAS�ED by the City Council this 1 st day of November 2Q 10.
� `
Patrick D.Rus ' g,Mayor
ATTEST:
_l � ���.
Richard G. Cook, Clerk-Treasurer
AP'PR�VED AS TO FORNd:
S ey M. 5 v , City A orney
Resolution RES No. 2010-024
1
City c�f Ci}cncy
6(l�5ccand Sfireet
C��ene�=. WA 9�00�
CiTY 0►F CAENEY,V4�AS�I11�iGTUl+d
RE�dLUTIUI"�1 ll-SSfi
A RESt�LUTICII� I2ELATII�iG Tt} THE AD(l�'TI(�►N ClF THE
SPCII�ANE��3iTNTY �(3MPREHENSIVE SC}LI�D WASTE
MANAGEIVIENT PLAN iTPUA�'E FCl►I2'FIiE CI'I'Y (3F CHENEY
WH�ItEAS, , pursuant tc�the V�ashingtcrn State Solid '4'�aste Mana�erne�t Rec�ver and
Recycling Act (RCt�V 70.95) Spo�ane Gounty and cities with Spoka�e Cc�unty must prepare a
Solid Waste Mana�ernent Ptan, �nd
WHEREAS, the T�lan includes the unincorporated areas of Spc�kane Caunty and the
cities within Spc�kane County; and
WI�EREA�, Spokane Caunty held public hearin�s and taok testimony on April 28,
20C}9, �nd toc�k written t�stimony uc�til S;C}fl p.m, on Tuesday, lVlay 11, �4(}�; and
VE'REREAS, is in the best inter�st c�f the �ity of Ch�ney to participat� itt the
irs�plementatic�n c��the P1an;
N�W TH�REF(3RE,BE IT RES+fJLVED, by the City Cc�un�il ofthe City oFCheney
hereby a�iopts the 20Q9 Update ofthe Spflkane Cc�unty Cc�rn�arehensive �c��i� Waste Mana�ernent
Plan, inc�udin� revisit�r�s adapted by the Bc�ard of County �ommissioners on �ept�mber 15,
2�49, the Resa�utie�n No. 9-0829,
ADOPTED, on this 14t', day of September 2C110 by the Cheney �ity Council at their
regularly sc�eduled �e�ting at t�re �heney C�uncil Chamlaers, 60� Secc�nd Street, and Gheney,
W A�90C14.
`-�,�.._.,. ..�,,.��.
Tom Trulc�ve, lVlayor
ATT�ST:
�;j}�(t-^,� �-' ������-�—
' ' ` , City Cl�rk-��
�� �-. r���
RESOLUTION NO 2010-013
A RESOLUTION BY THE CITY COUNCIL FOR THE CITY OF DEER PARK,
WASHINGTON, ADOPTING THE SPOKANE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE FOR THE CITY OF DEER P11RK.
City of Deer Park
Spokane County, Washington
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Washington State Solid Waste Management Recovery and
Recycling Act (RCW 70.95), Spokane County and cities within Spokane County must prepare a
Solid Waste Management Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Plan includes the unincorporated areas of Spokane County and the cities
within Spokane County; and
WHEREAS, Spokane County held public hearings and took testimony on Apri128, 2009,
and took written testimony until 5:00 p.m. on Tuesday, May 1 l, 2009; and
WHEREAS, it is in the best interest of the City of Deer Park to participate in the
implementation of the Plan;
THE CITY COUNCIL FOR THE CITY OF DEER PARK, WASHINGTON,
HEREBY RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. That the City of Deer Park hereby adopts the 2009 Update of the Spokane
County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, including revisions adopted by the
Board of County Commissioners on September 15, 2009, the Resolution No. 9-0829.
Section 2. PASSED by the City Council for the City of Deer Park, Washington, this 15t�'
day of September 2010.
APPROVED:
`
Lt/
MAYOR ROBERT WHISMAN
ATTE S T/AUTHENTIC ATED:
DEBRA CRAGUN, CITY CLE TREASURER
Resolution 2010-013
RESOLUTTON N4. 2�09-5
A RESOL�TION RELAT�NCr TO T�-IE ADOPTION O� THE
SPOKANE C�LJNTY COi1i1PREHENSIVE S4LID �NASTE
MAI�iAGEMENT I'LAN UPDATE F4R THE TOVVN OF FA�RFIEI.,D.
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Washin�ton Stata Solid Waste Management Recave� a�id
Recycling Act (RCW 70.95) Spokane County and cities with Spokane Co�nty must prepare a
Solid Waste Management Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Plan include� the unincorporated ar�as af Spokane County and tl�e cities
within Spokane �o�nty; and
WHEREAS, S�nkane County held public heaarings and took testimany on April 28,
2009, and toak wri�ten testimnny until 5:00 p.m. on Tuesday, May 11, 2009; and
WHEREAS, it is in the best interest nf the Tow� of�'airfield to participate in the
impl�mentation of the Plan;
NOW THEREFORE, be it resolved by the Council oFFairfie�dz
Tl�at the Town of Fairfield hereby adopts th� 20�0 Update of�he Spokane County
Comprehensive �olid �Vast�Managcment Plan, incluciin�r�visions adopted by the Boarei of
Co��nty Commi.ssian�rs on Septe�ber IS, 2009, the R�salutian No. 9-4829,
ADOPTED by t�e Tow�n Council fhis 15th day of Decernher, 2009.
� � ��; � �����
�d. �E�-�xl�er, 1L'I��va�� C� ��ery�l �aoe�f(1cr; C e�•klrl'��e;aa���x-e7
Jan 04 2011 11 : 30AM HP LRSERJET 3200 p. �
, T
� RESQLUTION 10-17
TC!'WI�I �F LATAH
� ,�
A RESpLUTION RELATING TO THE ADO�TION OF T�IIE SPOKANE COUNTY
C�MI'REHENSIVE S�LID�?VASTE MAMAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE FOA THE
T4WlV DF L.ATAH
WHEREt�S,pursuant to the Washington State Solid Wast�Management Recover and Racycling Act
tRCW 7U.95) Spokane County and cities with Spokarie County must prepare a Solid Waste Managemer�t
Plan; and
WHEREAS,tha Plan included #he unincocporated areas af Sppkan�Coanty at�d the cities within
Spakane Courity; and
WHEREAS, Spokane County held public hearings�nc�took testimany on April 28,Z009, and took
r��ritten testitnoay until 5:00�.m.on Tuesday, May ]l,2009; aand
WHEREAS, it is in the�est interest of tlie Town of Lata,h ta participate in the implEmentation of the
Ptan;
�OW THEREFORE, be it reso�ved by the Cc�ancil of Latah,that the Tawn o�Latah hereby adopts the
2U�9 Upda#e o�t},� 5pokane Co�.nty Cornprehensive Salid Waste Management Plan, �nciuding revzsions �
adop#ed by the Baard af Caunty Comxriissianers on September 15,2fl09,the Resotution No. 9-0829. �
t1DOPTED by the Town Cout�oit this 7th ciay of Dec�mbee,2010. �
�
€
APFROVEa:
Teresa Galvin- ayor
ATTEST:
, r
Heidi Turnbough-Cler as�trer
i
I
CI I"Y DF LIBERTY L,AKE
�i i��i_�`•i� i i��ii 14T i Y�vr'1i" �iiii`,T�i vN
RESOLUTION hTU. II-147
A RES�LUTIDN ClF�I'HE C�TY OF L�SERTY L�KE,WASHINGT()N AD[)PTING
THE SP�KANE CDUNTY��LID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAl�BY REFEREN�E
�Ti�HEREAS, pursuant ta RCW 7p.95.08Q, S�oka.ne Caunty, and the �ity af Liberty Lake
are required to ha�ve a salid waste mana�emen�:plan; and
W1�]��;AS, adoption af the Spokazzc County Coxnpxehensive Salid Waste V�az�agexnent
Plan fulfiIls that requirerxzcnt; arzd
WHEREAS, The Cit�r of'Liberty Lake is entitled to representatian, directly or inc�ire�l:iy
Qn the Spokane Coun#y Solid Waste Ad�visory Cammittee; and
WHEREAS, this Coxzaxnattc� :reviews thc salad waste p�an and adviscs t]-�� C�unty an t�e
scope, elements and implementation poli�;ies of the cc�mprehensi�e solid waste managexnent
plan, and
WHEREAS, the Depar�ment of Ecology has detern�un�d the proposed solid waste
management plan is coxx�pliazat wit�ai� RC'�V rcquir�z�zacnts, and
WH�RE�-LS, a �tate Environmentai Poii�y 1,ct re�ievv has res�ited ir� a Declaration of
Non-significance, and
WHEREAS, azay speci�c abligatian.s o�'eac�a party to ixnplerx�entation o�varia�zs aspects
a� the Spakane Cc�unty Cam�rehensive S�lid `]LTaste Management Plan as pr�posed. far
ilnplementation in the City af Li�erty Lake will be enurnerated in suhsequent negotiatian of
izaterlQGal agrcezx�ents andlor memaxa.�dunzs flf u�nderstanding betweeza the partzes as appropriate,
NO�W, THEREFdRE BE IT RESDLVED by the Cz.ty C�unciJ o£ the City vf Li�erty
Lake�hat it here�y adnpt�the ��olcane County Cnrnprehensive 5alid Waste Managernent Plan.
AD�JPTL�7 �his 15th day of I'ebruary, 2(]11
�-�� ' �C� T�n^��.
Mayor, Wendy an Ormara
ATTEST: Apprn�ed as tp F�rm:
�
_ �
City CIerk,Ann Swcnson C� Attor Sean P_ Boutz
CERTIFICATID�i
I, the und�rsigned Ci�y Clerk of the City of Liberty Lake, a£5polcane Coun�y;
`Vashingtan, II�R]�13Y CE��TZFY that the fore�ain�Resolutian is a full,true ax�d caz-rect copy af
Resolution No:�1,1-147 duly ac�opted at a xegular mcctii�g ❑f the City Council of said Cit�, duly
and regularly held at the regular rneeting place�thereof on Fehr�ary 1 S, 2011 of vvhi�h rneeting
all members ❑f said City Council had due �xati�e and at whi�h a majarity thereof were pr�sent;
and that at said ineeting said Resolution was adapted by thc �ollowing v�te: unanirnous .
AYES, a�d in fa�var thereof: 1�Iayar Pro �i'em Czurz�p and Council Mem�ers: Kaminskas,
Lang�ord, Beckel:t, and Schuler
NAYS: 1�Tone
1-L�35�NT: Couaacil Member� Owens and Rornney
ASTAII�ED: �ione
� C:ITY OF LIl3�I�"i'Y X,AKF .
�ITY CLERI�
L'I7�Y OF MFDIC�Ii�LAKE R�S�LU'I'ION N�.4b2
A RESOLllTION DF THE CiTY [;[]ITNCIL �F MEUICAL LAKE, WASHINGT�N,
ADQPTING THE SY�KAN�C�[IN'I'Y CC]MPH���ENSiVL' S[7I.ID WASTE MANAG�MENT PLAN
L]PT]ATE
WF�ER�AS, pursuant ta the Washington 5tate Solid Waste Managemerst Rcco�er and Recy�ling
Elct (RCW 7fl.95} 5pakane �aunty and cities with 5pokane County must prepare a Soiid Waste
Management Plan; and
WH�I�EE15, thc �'lan in�ludes the unincorporated areas o�Spokanc County and the cities within
Spokane County; arid
WHEREAS, Spokane County he�d puh�ic hearings and took testimony an April 2$, 2p49, and
took tcstimony untif S:dO p.m. on"I'uesday, May 1],2009;and
W�iLR�:AS, it is in the hest interest af the City af Medi�al Lake ta participate in the
implementatinn of the plan;
NDW, THE�EF�OHF., be it resal��d that the City Cauncil of the �ity ❑f Medical Lake,
Washingtan, hereby apprc7ves and adopts the 20�9 Update oF the Spokane County Comprehensi�e 5oiid
Waste Management Plan, including re�isions adopted by the Board nf Cnunry Commissianers on
September 15,2D09,the Resolutiar�Nn. 9-0829.
PASSED this 21�`day nf September, ZD 1 Q.
�
Mayor o n Higgins
ATTEST:
��.�-.�~ �l���
Pamela A. Mc�3rnnm, Finan�e Dircctar
APPRC3VF;L7 AS 'I'C3 FORM:
i
. thia L. McMullcn, City Attnrriey
_ ...._ -. . -i.
� � - ..:'`.i . ;r�..:-�--�
f��: __-.._.
'�'' ��� 2 r� 2;710 ��
;� . 1j;
, �,
��� L.:
i
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�
' RESOLUTION NO. 10-03 MARCH l, 2010
I
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�" . � '���..
A RESOLUTION RELATING TO THE ADOPTION OF TH�
SPOKANE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE FOR THE CITY OF MILLWOOD
� WHEREAS, pursuant to the Washington State Solid Waste Management Recover
! and Recycling Act (RCW 70.95) Spokane County and cities with Spokane County must
;
' prepare a Solid Waste Management Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Plan includes the unincorporated areas of Spokane County and the
' cities within Spokane County; and '
WHEREAS, Spokane County held public hearings and took testimony on Apri128,
� 2009, and took written testimony unti15:00 p.m. on Tuesday, May 1 l, 2009; and
�
,
� WHEREAS, it is in the best interest of the City of Millwood to participate in the
i implementation of the Plan;
�
�
�
i NOW THEREFORE, be it resolved by the Council of Millwoodi
�
That the City of Millwood_hereby adopts the 2009 Update of the Spokane County
' Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, including revisions adopted by the Board
;
of County Commissioners on September 15, 2009, the Resolution No. 9-0829.
i
ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Millwood, Washington, at a regular meeting
thereof, held this 1 St day of March, 2010. ;
i
N ��
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DAN MORK MAYOR i
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Attest: ',
�
c� i
�-d� ,
homas G. Richardson, City Clerk �
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TOWN OF ROCKFORD
RESOLUTION 10-lOR
A RESOLUTION RELATING TO THE ADOPTION OF THE
SPOKANE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE FOR THE TOWN OF ROCKFORD
WHEREAS,pursuant to the Washington State Solid Waste Management Recover and
Recycling Act (RCW 70.95) Spokane Couniy and cities with Spokane County must prepare a
Solid Waste Management Plan; and
WHEREAS,the Plan includes the unincorporated areas of Spokane County and the cities
within Spokane Couniy; and
WHEREAS, Spokane Couniy held public hearings and took testimony on 2009, and took
written testimony unti15:00 p.m. on Tuesday, May 1 l, 2009; and
WHEREAS, it is in the best interest of the Town of Rockford to participate in the
implementation of the Plan;
NOW THEREFORE, be it resolved by the Council of Rockfordi
T'hat the Town of Rockford hereby adopts the 2010 Update of the Spokane County
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, including revisions adopted by the Board of
Couniy Commissioners on September 1, 2010, the Resolution No. 9-0829.
ADOPTED by the Town Council of the Town of Rockford in regular session on the 1 st
day of September, 2010.
���111��^ ,
...����" y ' �� , /., �, 4
�/ , /Z .
Micki arnois, Mayor
Attest:
� � � „ �/'���
�d�.,- -
Darlene LaShaw, C 'rk
I
'1
:�� RE5�LU'TI4N 2009-03
�
5
A RESOLUTIOI`d RELATIl'�G TO THE ADOPTIO� OF THE �
SPOKANE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WA�TE
� MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE FOR THE TQW'N OF SPANGLE.
WH[EREAS, pursuant to the Washington State Solid Waste Management Recov�r and
Recycling Act(RCW 74.95) S�okane CQUnty and cities with Spokane County must prepare a
Soiid Waste Management Plan, and
WHEREAS, the Plan inciudes the unincarporated areas af Spokane County and tY�e cities
within S�akane Caunty; and �
9
�
WHEREAS, Spalcane Caunty held public l�earings and took testirnony on Aprii 28, 2[}d9, �
� and taok w-ritten testimany until 5:00 p.m. an Tuesday, May 11, 2009; and
WHEREAS, it is in tk�e best interest of the Town of Spangle ta participate in the
� irnplementation af the Plan;
i
?*�nW Tk�EREFORE, be it resc�lved hy the Council of the Tovvn of Spangle; �
Th�t the ��own of Span�le_hereby adopts the 2009 Update of the Spokane County
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management 1'lan, including revi�ions adopted by the Board of
County Commissioners on Septernber l 5, 2009, the Resolution No. 9-0829.
AI)OPTED by the Town Cc�uncil this l4�' day of December, 20Q9.
APPROVED: ATTEST:
� . �
Don Mangis, Mayoz- Peg�y King, C1erk/Treasurer
�'°���
� 3 � yM �+yy C ryryy�
� •�l 'Pg�p�: ��iAI . � a71ii�.Zi./�GVV�
�� �i���D� �►N�ET FQR CO�IH�11� �IEETIN� �F: �a�v+��n�er�o,�o�`��-� fi��; �,� ;�� � :�.�:�
��,��,��=��.s ��,�� �r
�ubmitti� D��,t. Cc�r�t�ct Persc�nlF'hon� No. Cou cil S ort�cr`�;t�Q�, ��,.
R��ic�rral ��alid Wast��ystem Rus�M�nk�1f��24 `~� t�,��/�,"��, , , , �
,
ali��111`4
AB�IIIISTI�ATIIIE SESSIUN L��ISI�"�IE�E;�Oti CITY PI�IARITY
t� �pntr��t o Emergency f3rd c� Gpmmunications �L�FtK`S FILE
o Report X l�est�lutic�n o Economic Qevelopment FtEN�NIS
t� �I�ims a Fina�Ftear�in�tJrd �r Geowth Management �FtC}�u�R�F
Q First Fte�ding{�rc1 o Human Services ENG
STANDtNG COMMITTEES o Special�onsid�ratit�n c� Neighborhr�ods BIC?
{p�t�of No#ifica#ion} v Nearin o PubEic Saf�ty REC2U�5ITI0�1
o Finance o Public S�fety_� X t�uaiity S�rvi�e t7elivery 1VeighborhoadlCommissionlCommit#ee Notified:
c�t+�ighhorYxSOds X Publ�Watk�11�-t� o Racial EquitylCultural Diver�ity
o Plattnin /Ct�mmunit &Econ[7ev o RehuildlMaintain Infrastruc#ure Actic�n Taken;
A�ENDA
II�OR�IN�. Resolution to A�ic�pt the�{}09�pc�kane�ounty Compreh�nsiv��c�li�i Wa�te Mana�ement('lan,
��f c��tr��t,inciva� includin� revisic�ns adc�pted by the#3o�rd of County�Commis�ic�ners�n September 15, 2009.
the term.}
�����d: RCW 70.95 requires tl�at ev�ry�c�unty�n� each city th�rein �dopt a�omprehensive ��r1id Waste
t�att�crr aaditionai M�n�t��m�nt Plan. Pl�n�m�a�t t�� revi�w�d every five years and updated or amended as
�heet if rsecessa�yJ necessary. The 20(}9 �p�karte��a�nty Gs�mprehen�ive Sc�lid Vua�te Management Plan (Plan) is an
update to the 19�$ F�lart.
The 20�9 Pl�rr �r�vides guideline�for c#ecisions that will impact sc�lid waste managem�nt in
�pokane Ccsunty. Ecol�gy requires ttrat the Plan pravide recc�mrr»r�d�ti+�ns that d�vel�p and
sustain waste reducti�n, reuse, recycling, and hazardcsus wast� rt�anagemen#prc�grams within the
County� Adc�p#ion of the Plan will fulfill state ptanning requirem�:nt�, �nd i� nece�sary for the
System t4 cc�ntinu�tc�be elic�ible for state grant funding. Grant funding is appr4ximately$1 million
per bi�nnium, which helps fund these prc�grams.
The 2009 Pl�n wa�d�veloped by th�5y�t�m with signific�nt input from Spakane County, each
region�l city, th�Salid W�ste�iaisc�n Baard, #he County S�lid W��te Advi�c�ryr Cc�mmittee, the
Stakehc�lder Input�c�rnmitEee, and the general public. S��akan��c��n#y�d�pted th�Plan
Septemb�r 1�, ����. After�ach of the regional citie�fras ad�pted the Plan, the Plar�wilf b�
submitt�d#ra ���It�gy fc�r apprc�val.
�E��III�MEIIa�"fION: Aac��t��� ��ca�Imp�ct: �.w�A �a��et acc�au�t: ����
c� Ex��nditure: � �#
� R�ven�re: $ #
X �ud et Neutral
l'C1'�CHMEIITS:�c���ic�!� 5p�ne�ounty�amprehensiue Salid Waste Management Plan
Qn file fc�r Review in Office af Gity�I�rk:
dl� �ES:
��-..�..�t�
e��rtment Nead 'vi "I7irec � Fina
� � ��,.---'�'�-�
eg Fc�c the�ayc�r Cc� n Pr�side � 4
�� ��: Legal R ic�nai Salid Wast�System B��rd �f Spokane County
Envirc�t�rnental Prc�grams ttauscher@spc�k�n�city.c�rg C�mmis�ic�r�ers
Ibrewer�s��k�n�city:org �olid Waste Man�gem�nt
�OO��M� A�xIQN: �PQKA�� CIT1� G�UNCI�..
�� �� �
___ ,� �� �ES 2oc�s�-oa�s
� � ,
,..., �,.
�1 'Y` � �
Clerk's� file nc�. RE�- �Q(�-�Lc►
RESOLU�`�C.�N
A�i�pti�g �ie �4t19 �pc�kane Caunty` Comprehensive �c�Li� W�.st� M�.n.agement
���.n, i��lu�i�rg r�vi�ions adopted by the Bc�ard c�f �c�u�ty Cc�mrnissivners on
��pt�inber �5, 2�}t�9.
WHE�EA�, R��V '70,95.(J80 prcavide� th.at ea�h �raunty within #.he state, in
��c�p�r�tir�n �w�.th th� various cities locate� wit�in such county, sh�ll prepare a
�crc�rdina��d� �+amp��hensive s�r�lid waste management �a1�.n� an�l
WHEREA�, s�.id sta�ute �.lsc� providc�s fc�r a ciL�r tc� �ithe�° prepare and deliver its
c��� �c�li� wa��e m��.gement plan, for inte�ration in�� the cerrnpr�hensive caunty
pl��.n, c�r enter intc� an agree�nnent tc� p�.rti�ipat� zn jcaint planning with the county,
and
W�IEREAS, the �ity c�f Spokane has enterec� intc� an �.�;�r��me�t with Spakane
Count� and ather �ities in Spokara.� County �i��ignating t�� �pol�ane �2e�ional
�olid Wa�te Systezx�, a department of t�.e +Gity r�f�pc�I�ane, as a�ent tc� prepare the
� 2�(�� Pian, �,nd its wc�rk ha� bee�. �Qmpleted, and
WHEREA�, the Plan was adopted, with revision�, by ��c�l�.ne �c�unty �ept�mber
15, ��C��; �t�
WHEREA�, it i� in the be�t int��e�t� t�f tht� Cf�y �t� ad��t the Pl�.n fc�r the City c�f
��ol�ane;
I�CC�W THEREFC�RE, k�e it resQlved by the �it� Cc�un�il c�f the �ity r�f�pokane:
That t.�� �i�y of �Fokane hereby adc�gt� and �pprc�ve� the �t�09 draft
Cvmpre�ensive �olid �Vaste Mana�em�nt F1an.
That �t��.ff is directed to �ugplemen� the a�apt�� Flan �nd file with thc City Clerk
�y �ub���ue�t ���li��ble resalutions of adc�ptic�r� f�r in�Iusi4n i� E�ppendix D of
th� F'�an �.s� well as the appraval le�ter from the �tate Departrr�ent crf Ecolcagy and
�� �t�i�� p�rti�+�nt dc�cument� as applicable tc� cc�mpl�t� th� Cler��� fi1e.
�
PA��ED the Cit�r Council this �b � d�ay vf , �t�{��
,�� �� �p ���
�
C,�� �'
Ci� �1�
�
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'� RES 2009-�1096
, g
rt ,^ � `; J
�����r���':",; ,
Ap�aroved as��c� rm:
A sista .:�n�y �x ia o�
�;,
�
2
R�5 �S!}09-0086
CITY OP SPOKANE VALL�Y
SPOKAN�CO�UNTY,WASffiNGTON
RE�OLUTYON NO. lU-4l0
A R�SOLUTYON OF TH� CITY OF SPOKANE VALLEY, SPOKAN� COUNTY,
WASHINGTON, It�LATING TO THE ADOPTION OF THE SPOKANE COUNTY
COMPREH�NSIVE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN i1PDATE FOR THE CITY OF
SPOKANE VALL�Y,WASHINGTON.
WHEREAS, pu�suant to tlie Washit�gton State Solid Waste Management Reductiait and
Recyciing Act (RCW 70.95}, Spoka�ie County and cities witlii�i Spoica��a County nnust prepare a Solid
Waste Ma�iagement Plan; and
WHEREAS, ti�e Plan includes the unit�cox•porated areas of Spolcane Cou�ity and tl�e cities witi�in
Spokane County; and
WH�REAS, Spoka�ie County lield public �iearizigs and took testimoity on April 28, 2009, a��d
#oak tivt'itte�i testimoi�y u��til 5:00 p,Zn. Tuesday,May I 1,2009; and
WH�REAS, it is in tl�e best ii�terest of tl�e City of Spok�ne Valley to participate i�i #lie
impleEnentation of tl�e Plan.
NOW THEREF'ORE, be it resolved by the City Co��ncit of the City of Spokane Valley,
Washiz�gtoz�as follo�vs:
�ection 1: Tlae City of Spokane Valley, Wasl�it�gton he�•eby adopts the 20p9 Update of the
Spokane Cou�ity Comp�•ehensive Solid Waste Manage�nent Plau, including revisiozis adapted by tife
BQard of County Ctimmissioners o�� September 15, 2009,via Spokat��County the Resolutian No, 9-0829.
Section 2: Effective Date: Tliis Resolutiot�shall be i��full fo�•ce and efFect i�pon adoption.
AD01'TED by tile City Cou��cil this 27`''day of Apz�il,201�.
ATTEST: CITY�P' SPOKAN�VALLEY
f / /
'�.�..�`�srr a, ,�,--�r'��, �tc�-wr _ 2 ..
ltristine $ainbridge, City Clez• � Tliomas E. Towey, Mayo�•
Appro�ed as to fo�•m; I
/
O � the City Attortiey
Resolution 10-OIO Adopti��g Solid Waste Comp P►an
(. _ _ __ _ __ . _ _ _ _ _
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' TOV'VN OF WAVERLY ���
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� RESOLUTION #10-3 �����
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A RESOLUTION RELATING TO THE ADOPTION OF THE SPOKANE COUNTY
COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE FOR THE
TOWN OF WAVERLY
WHEREAS,pursuant to the Washington Sta.te Solid Waste Management Recover and Recycling
Act(RCW 70.95) Spokane County and cities with Spokane County must prepare a Solid Waste '
Management Plan; and
' WHEREAS,the Plan includes the unincorporated areas of Spokane County and the cities within
Spokane County; and
( WHEREAS, Spokane County held public hearings and took testimony on Apri128, 2009, and
took written testimony until 5:00 p.m. on Tuesday, May 11,2009; and
WHEREAS,it is in the best interest of the Town of Waverly to participate in the
implementation of the Plan;
i NOW,THEREFORE,be it resolved by the Council of the Town of Waverly;
I That the Town of Waverly hereby adopts the 2009 Update of the Spokane County '
:
iComprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, including revisions adopted by the Board of '
� County Commissioners on September 15,2009,the Resolution No. 9-0829.
�
;
I ADOPTED by the Town Council this this 12th day of April, 2010.
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APPROVED:
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William Ten eld or
ATTEST: -
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� Kynda B wning- Clerk/Treasur r
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SPOKANE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE
SPOKANE REGIONAL SOLID WASTE SYSTEM
SEPA ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST
A. BACKGROUND
1. Name of proposed project, if applicable:
Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update 2007
2. Name of applicant:
Spokane Regional Solid Waste System
3. Address and phone number of applicant and contact person:
Russell Menke
Interim Director
Spokane Regional Solid Waste System
221 North Wall Street, Suite 410
Spokane, WA 99201
(509) 625-6580
4. Date checklist prepared:
June 20, 2007
5. Agency requesting checklist:
Spokane Regional Solid Waste System
6. Proposed timing or schedule (including phasing, if applicable):
2007-2012
7. Do you have any plans for future additions, expansion, or further activity related to
or connected with this proposal?
Plan will be reviewed and updated, if necessary, in 5 years.
8. List any environmental information you know about that has been prepared, or will
be prepared, directly related to this proposal.
Environmental review will occur on a per project basis.
9. Do you know whether applications are pending for governmental approvals of other
proposals directly affecting the property covered by your proposal? If yes, explain.
There are no specific properties or projects covered in the Plan update.
10. List any government approvals or permits that will be needed for your proposal, if
known.
Approvals are required from the Spokane County Board of Commissioners, the City of
Spokane,participating jurisdictions in the County and Washington State Department of
Ecology. All facilities (solid waste and moderate risk waste) require a permit fi°om the
Spokane Health Department)
11. Give brief, complete description of your proposal, including the proposed uses and
the size of the project and site. There are several questions later in this checklist
that ask you to describe certain aspects of your proposal. You do not need to repeat
those answers on this page. (Lead agencies may modify this form to include
additional specific information on project description.)
This 2007 Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (2007 Plan)
documents existing waste management policies and handling methods. It establishes a
waste management framework that will guide Spokane County in the years ahead. The
2007 Plan is the result of an extensive public process conducted during 2005, 2006, and
2007. The 2007 Plan updates the County's previous plan, the 1998 Spokane County
Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan.
In compliance with the Washington State solid waste managementpriorities the
strategies recommended for waste collection, handling, and management priorities are to
be implemented in the following order: Waste Reduction; Recycling; Energy
recovery/incineration or landfill disposal of separated and mixed wastes, respectively.
12. Location of the proposal. Give sufficient information for a person to understand
the precise location of your proposed project, including a street address, if any, and
section, township, and range, if known. If a proposal would occur over a range of
area, provide the range or boundaries of the site(s). Provide a legal description, site
plan, vicinity map, and topographic map, if reasonably available. While you should
submit any plans required by the agency, you are not required to duplicate maps or
detailed plans submitted with any permit applications related to this checklist.
The plan includes all incorporated and unincorporated areas of Spokane County and
Fairchild Air Force Base.
B. ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS
1. Earth
a. General description of the site (circle one): mountainous, other:
Flat, rolling, hilly, steep slopes,
The geographic area of Spokane County covers approximately 1,765 square miles
and lies at the northeast corner of the Columbia Plateau. Spokane County borders the
State of Idaho on the east and is situated midway between Canada to the north and
the State of Oregon to the south.
The topography of Spokane County ranges from its lowest elevation of 1,534 feet
above sea level along the Spokane River to Mount Spokane at 5,878 feet above sea
level. The Spokane River, which originates at Lake Coeur d'Alene in Idaho,fZows
primarily east to west through Spokane County and occupies the wide depression of
land that forms the Spokane T�alley. A drop of 134 feet in the river, known as the
Spokane Falls, marks the beginning of a shift in the river's fZow to a northwesterly
direction. Another drop of 240 feet occurs at the confZuence with the Little Spokane
River, where the topography changes to a deep gorge-like valley bordered by
prominent cliffs and terraces.
To the north and west of the Valley, there are several mesas that rise 400 to 500 feet
above surrounding lands. These mesas range between 2,300 and 2,450 feet above sea
level. The northeastern portion of Spokane County is a bedrock highland that
includes Mount Spokane and surrounding peaks.
Much of the topography of the southwestern part of Spokane County consists of
southwest-tr�ending channels eroded into the basalt plateau, known as the channeled
scablands. Topography in the south and southeast consists of relatively fZat basalt
plateaus. However, various peaks are found in this area, with Mica Peak rising to
5,205 feet above sea level.
b. What is the steepest slope on the site (approximate percent slope)?
Does not apply
c. What general types of soils are found on the site (for example, clay, sand, gravel,
peat, muck)? If you lcnow the classification of agricultural soils, specify them and
note any prime farmland.
Does not apply. A soil map of S'pokane County is included in Figure3 of the 1992
Comprehensive Solid Waste ManagementPlan.
d. Are there surface indications or history of unstable soils in the immediate
vicinity? If so, describe.
Does not apply.
e. Describe the purpose, type, and approximate quantities of any filling or grading
proposed. Indicate source of fill.
Does not apply.
f. Could erosion occur as a result of clearing, construction, or use? If so, generally
describe.
Does not apply.
g. About what percent of the site will be covered with impervious surfaces after
project construction (for example, asphalt or buildings)?
Does not apply.
h. Proposed measures to reduce or control erosion, or other impacts to the earth, if
any:
Does not apply.
2. Air
a. What types of emissions to the air would result from the proposal(i.e., dust,
automobile, odors, industrial,wood smoke) during construction and when the
project is completed? If any, generally describe and give approximate quantities
if known
There will be some emissions to the air from existing landfills, transfer stations, the
WTE facility, and from motor vehicles transporting solid waste. These sources are
expected to be only a small percentage of total air emissions generated in the county.
The primary source of carbon monoxide (CO) in the atmosphere is gasoline powered
motor vehicles. Other sources include heating and power generation from natural gas
and wood heat for residential, commercial, or industrial uses.
b. Are there any off-site sources of emissions or odor that may affect your
proposal? If so, generally describe.
Unknown.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control emissions or other impacts to air, if any:
Emissions from the existing landfills and WTE are controlled and regulated. The
closed portion of the North side Landfill has a Landfill gas collection and treatment
(system construction completed November 1992). The active portion of the
Northside Landfill has an existing Air Operating Permit. WTE facility emissions,
including those from the boiler units and fugitive emissions, are regulated through the
faciliry's Title V Air Operating permit, Notice of Construction (NOC)permit issued
by the Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority (SCAPCA), and the
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)permit issued by Ecology. The permits
require continuous emission monitors, monthly reporting, and annual stack tests. The
monitors provide data on oxygen (Oa), carbon dioxide (COa), nitrogen oxides (NOx),
sulfur dioxides (SOa), temperature, and opacity every 15 seconds. These data are
compiled into the monthly report. Testing is performed to demonstrate compliance
with the System's Title V Air Operating permit and NOC permit. The facility is in
compliance with all permits.
The Spokane City Center, where there is increased traffic volume and the associated
emissions, was within a CO non-attainment area. However, attainment status was
achieved in July 2005,primarily as a result of improved air emission controls on
vehicles and the replacement of older vehicles that operated without pollution
prevention controls with newer, improved vehicles.
Furthermore,portions of Spokane County have been designated as non-attainment
areas for particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PMIO). Spokane County and
the cities of Spokane and Spokane T�alley have changed their snow removal programs
to reduce the amount of tr�action sand placed on the roads in the winter by increasing
the use of liquid de-icers, and sweeping and fZushing high traffic areas more often
(Edgar, 2006). The City of Spokane made significant changes to its sweeping
program. The downtown area is swept and fZushed once per week as a result of
changes made in 1993. Since implementation of this program, Spokane has only
exceeded the Federal Air Quality PMIO Standard twice
3. Water
a. Surface:
1) Is there any surface water body on or in the immediate vicinity of the site
(including year-round and seasonal streams, saltwater, lakes, ponds,
wetlands)? If yes, describe type and provide names. If appropriate, state
what stream or river it flows into.
The surface waters of Spokane County include the Spokane River and its
tributaries, in addition to smaller streams and lakes. These lakes are located in
the southwestern and centr°al eastern portions of Spokane County. Popular
recreational area lakes include Medical Lake in the southwest quadrant of the
county, Newman Lake and Liberty Lake, located near the east central section of
Spokane County, and Eloika Lake along the northern border. In all, lakes cover
approximately S,646 acres of Spokane County.
2) Will the project require any work over, in, or adjacent to (within 200 feet)
the described waters? If yes, please describe and attach available plans.
All existing solid waste facilities are located 200 feet or more from described
surface waters.
3) Estimate the amount of fill and dredge material that would be placed in or
removed from surface water, or wetlands, and indicate the area of the site
that would be affected. Indicate the source of fill material.
Does not apply.
4) Will the proposal require surface water withdrawals or diversions? Give
general description, purpose, and approximate quantities if known.
Does not apply.
5) Does the proposal lie within a 100-year floodplain? If so, note location on the
site plan.
Does not apply.
6) Does the proposal involve any discharge of waste materials to surface waters?
If so, describe the type of waste and anticipated volume of discharge.
Does not apply.
b. Ground:
1) Will ground water be withdrawn, or will water be discharged to ground
water? Give general description, purpose, and approximate quantities if
known.
Does not apply.
2) Describe waste material that will be discharged into the ground from septic
tanks or other sources, if any (for example: Domestic sewage, industrial,
containing the following chemicals. . . , agricultural, etc.). Describe the
general size of the system, the number of such systems, the number of houses
to be served (if applicable), or the number of animals or humans the
system(s) are expected to serve.
The Southside Landfill has 750 gal septic tank to serve an on-site residential
trailer. The Northside Landfill has a 1000 gal septic tank to serve a scale house
and two maintenance buildings. The Northside and T�alley transfer stations each
have a 1000 gal septic tank to serve the administration buildings.
c. Water Runoff(including storm water):
1) Describe the source of runoff (including storm water) and method of
collection and disposal, if any (include quantities, if known). Where will this
water flow? Will this water flow into other waters? If so, describe.
The existing solid waste facilities have runoff control and stormwater
management programs in place.
2) Could waste materials enter ground or surface waters? If so, generally
describe.
No.
d. Proposed measures to reduce or control surface, ground, and runoff water
impacts, if any:
Control systems are in place to prevent waste materials from impacting surface,
ground or runoff water at closed and operating landfills in the County. The Graham
Road landfill disposal cells are constructed with a composite liner system consisting
of 2 feet of clay, 60 mil HDPE, 1 foot of leachate collection gravel, a geotextile filter
fabric, and 1 foot of operations layer. The Northside Landfill MSW cell has a liner,
leachate collection system, and leak detection system. The bottom liner consists of 2
feet ofsoil-bentonite clay with permeability no greater than 1 x 10-6cm/second
covered by a 60-mil HDPE geomembrane. The geomembrane is covered by 3 feet of
sand to protect the liner and to provide for leachate drainage. To enhance leachate
drainage, strip drains are placed on top of the geomembrane to convey leachate to
collection pipes located in the center of the cell and along the base of the side slopes.
Leachate collector pipes are provided with clean-outs located at the top of the cell
sideslopes for periodic maintenance by fZushing or jetting. The leachate collectors
join at the west end of the MSW cell where leachate is conveyed through a completely
enclosed fZow measurement element in a leachate manhole and on into an adjacent
sanitary sewer for disposal and treatment at the City of Spokane's Riverside Park
Water Reclamation Facility.
4. Plants
a. Circle types of vegetation found on the site: deciduous tree: alder, maple, aspen,
other; evergreen tree: fir, cedar, pine, other; shrubs; grass; pasture; crop or
grain; wet soil plants: cattail, buttercup, bulrush, skunk cabbage, other; water
plants: water lily, eelgrass, milfoil, other types of vegetation:
Does not apply.
b. What kind and amount of vegetation will be removed or altered?
Does not apply.
c. List threatened or endangered species known to be on or near the site.
Does not apply.
d. Proposed landscaping, use of native plants, or other measures to preserve or
enhance vegetation on the site, if any:
Does not apply.
5. Animals
a. Circle any birds and animals which have been observed on or near the site or are
known to be on or near the site: birds: hawk, heron, eagle, songbirds; other
mammals: deer, bear, elk, beaver, other; fish: bass, salmon, trout, herring,
shellfish, other:
Does not apply.
b. List any threatened or endangered species known to be on or near the site.
Does not apply.
c. Is the site part of a migration route? If so, explain.
Does not apply.
d. Proposed measures to preserve or enhance wildlife, if any:
Does not apply.
6. Energy and Natural Resources
a. What kinds of energy (electric, natural gas, oil,wood stove, solar) will be used to
meet the completed project's energy needs? Describe whether it will be used for
heating, manufacturing, etc.
Does not apply.
b. Would your project affect the potential use of solar energy by adjacent
properties? If so, generally describe.
No.
c. What lcinds of energy conservation feature are included in the plans of this
proposal? List other proposed measures to reduce or control energy impacts, if
any:
The WTE facility conserves energy by using solid waste as a fuel to generate
electricity, reducing the use of other sources of energy.
7. Environmental Health
a. Are there any environmental health hazards, including exposure to toxic
chemicals, risk of fire and explosion, spill, or hazardous waste that could occur
as a result of this proposal? If so, describe.
This update to the Spokane County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan
includes an update to the 1991 Spokane County Moderate Risk Waste Management
Plan, and the used oil recycling element. The MRW Plan proposes a comprehensive
program for household and business education and technical assistance, MRW
collection, and disposal compliance. The System's three fixed facilities receive all
types of HHW. Radioactive wastes (except smoke detectors) are excluded, along with
explosives and critically unstable materials.
1) Describe special emergency services that might be required.
Trained staff operates the collection program. Emergency alarm systems are
present at the facilities. If necessary, County fire and emergency services are
available.
2) Proposed measures to reduce or control environmental health hazards, if
any:
The facilities have Spill Prevention and control plans emergency response plans
and health and safety programs.
b. Noise
1) What types of noise exist in the area which may affect your project (for
example: traffic, equipment, operation, other)?
Does not apply.
2) What types and levels of noise would be created by or associated with the
project on a short-term or a long-term basis (for example: traffic,
construction, operation, other)? Indicate what hours noise would come from
the site.
Does not apply. Existing facilities comply with noise regulations.
3) Proposed measures to reduce or control noise impacts,if any:
Does not apply.
8. Land and Shoreline Use
a. What is the current use of the site and adjacent properties?
Does not apply.
b. Has the site been used for agriculture? If so, describe.
Does not apply.
c. Describe any structures on the site.
Does not apply.
d. Will any structures be demolished? If so, what?
Does not apply.
e. What is the current zoning classification of the site?
Does not apply.
f. What is the current comprehensive plan designation for the site?
Does not apply.
g. If applicable,what is the current shoreline master program designation of the
site?
Does not apply.
h. Has any part of the site been classified as an "environmentally sensitive" area? If
so, specify.
Does not apply.
i. Approximately how many people would reside or work in the completed project?
Does not apply.
j. Approximately how many people would the completed project displace?
Does not apply.
k. Proposed measures to avoid or reduce displacement impacts, if any:
Does not apply.
1. Proposed measures to ensure the proposal are compatible with existing and
projected land uses and plans, if any:
Does not apply.
9. Housing
a. Approximately how many units would be provided, if any? Indicate whether
high, middle, or low-income housing.
Does not apply.
b. Approximately how many units, if any,would be eliminated? Indicate whether
high, middle, or low-income housing.
Does not apply.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control housing impacts, if any:
Does not apply.
10. Aesthetics
a. What is the tallest height of any proposed structures(s) not including antennas;
what is the principal exterior building material(s) proposed?
Does not apply.
b. What views in the immediate vicinity would be altered or obstructed?
Does not apply.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control aesthetic impacts, if any:
Does not apply.
11. Lights and Glare
a. What type of light or glare will be the proposal produce? What time of day
would it mainly occur?
Does not apply.
b. Could light or glare from the finished project be a safety hazard or interfere with
views?
Does not apply.
c. What existing off-site sources of light or glare may affect your proposal?
Does not apply.
d. Proposed measures to reduce or control light and glare impacts, if any:
Does not apply.
12. Recreation
a. What designated and informal recreational opportunities are in the immediate
vicinity?
Does not apply.
b. Would the proposed project displace any existing recreational uses? If so,
describe.
Does not apply.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts or recreation, including
recreation opportunities to be provided by the project or applicant, if any:
Does not apply.
13. Historic and Cultural Preservation
a. Are there any places or objects listed on, or proposed for, national, state, or local
preservation registers known to be on or next to the site? If so, generally
describe.
Does not apply.
b. Generally describe any landmarks or evidence of historic, archeological,
scientific, or cultural importance known to be on or next to the site.
Does not apply.
c. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts, if any:
Does not apply.
14. Transportation
a. Identify public streets and highways serving the site, and describe proposed
access to the existing street system. Show on site plan, if any.
Does not apply.
b. Is the site currently served by public transit? If not,what is the approximate
distance to the nearest transit stop?
Does not apply.
c. How many parking spaces would the completed project have? How many would
the project eliminate?
Does not apply.
d. Will the proposal require any new roads or streets, or improvements to existing
roads or streets, not including driveways? If so, generally describe (indicate
whether public or private).
Does not apply.
e. Will the project use (or occur in the immediate vicinity o�water, rail, or air
transportation? If so, generally describe.
Does not apply.
f. How many vehicular trips per day would be generated by the completed project?
If know, indicate when peak volumes would occur.
Does not apply.
g. Proposed measures to reduce or control transportation impacts, if any:
Does not apply.
15. Public Services
a. Would the project result in an increased need for public services (for example,
fire protection, police protection, health care, schools, etc.)? If so, generally
describe.
Does not apply.
b. Proposed measures to reduce or control direct impacts on public services, if any.
Does not apply.
16. Utilities
a. Circle utilities currently available at the site: electricity, natural gas,water,
refuse service, telephone, sanitary sewer, septic system, other.
Does not apply.
b. Describe the utilities that are proposed for the project, the utility providing the
service, and the general construction activities on the site or in the immediate
vicinity,which might be needed.
Does not apply.
C. SIGNATURE
The above answers are true and complete to the best of my knowledge. understand
that the lead agency is relying on them to make its decision.
Signature•
Print Name: Russell Menke
Interim Director, S�okane Regional Solid Waste Svstem
Date Submitted:
D. SUPPLEMENTAL SHEET FOR NON PROJECT ACTIONS
(do not use this sheet for project actions)
Because these questions are very general, it may be helpful to read them in conjunction
with the list of the elements of the environment.
When answering these questions, be aware of the extent the proposal, or the types of
activities likely to result from the proposal would affect the item at a greater intensity
or at a faster rate than if the proposal were not implemented. Respond briefly and in
general terms.
1. How would the proposal be likely to increase discharge to water; emissions to air;
production, storage, or release of toxic or hazardous substances; or production of
noise?
Implementation of the proposed plan will result in measures that will decrease
discharges to the environment from solid waste activities. Refer to Table 14-1 in the Plan
for a summary of the measures included in the Plan.
2. How would the proposal be likely to affect plants, animals, fish or marine life?
Implementation of the Plan may result in improved quality of habitat for plants and
animals in the county by reducing the potential for pollution to surface and ground water
as a result of the proper management of solid waste.
3. How would the proposal be likely to deplete energy or natural resources?
The Plan will result in energy generation and conservation of natural resources through
the use of solid waste as a fuel in the WTE facility..
4. How would the proposal be likely to use or affect environmentally sensitive areas or
areas designated (or eligible or under study) for governmental protection; such as
parks, wilderness, wild and scenic rivers, threatened or endangered species habitat,
historic or cultural sites, wetlands, flood plains, or prime farmlands?
Implementation of the Plan will protect environmentally sensitive areas or areas
designated for protection through measures that properly manage and dispose of solid
waste.
5. How would the proposal be likely to affect land and shoreline use, including
whether it would allow or encourage land or shoreline uses incompatible with
existing plans?
The Plan will not result in land and shoreline use that is incompatible with existing plans.
6. How would the proposal be likely to increase demands on transportation or public
services and utilities?
No impacts anticipated.
Identify, if possible, whether the proposal may conflict with local, state or federal
laws or requirements for the protection of the environment.
The Spokane County Solid Waste Management Plan has been prepared in compliance
with local and state laws and regulations governing solid waste management.
WAC 197-11-970 Determination of nonsignificance(DNS).
DETERMINATION OF NONSIGN�ICANCE
Description of proposal Spokane Countv Comprehensive Solid Waste ManaQement Plan(2007)
Proponent Spokane Re�onal Solid Waste Svstem
Location of proposal,including street address,if any The jurisdiction of the Plan will include all incorporated and unincorporated
areas within Spokane,Countv,Washineton,including Fairchild Air Force Base.
Lead agency Ci,�of Spokane
The lead agency for this proposal has deterniined that it does not have a probable significant adverse impact on the environment. An
environmental impact statement(EIS)is not required under RCW 43.21 C.030(2)(c). This decision was made after review of a
completed environmental checklist and other information on file with the lead agency. This information is available to the public on
request. The SEPA checklist and Plan aze online at http://www.solidwaste.org/sub3d14.asp?id=6189.
❑ There is no comment period for this DNS.
❑ This DNS is issued after using the optional DNS process in WAC 197-11-355. There is no further comment period on the DNS.
X This DNS is issued under WAC 197-11-340(2);the lead agency will not act on this proposal for 14 days from the date below.
Comments must be submitted by 5:00 pm,March 20,2009
Comments can be mailed or faaced to the responsible official below. Comments can also be submitted by email at
SolidWastePlanCommentsna,spokanecitv.org.
Responsible official Russ Menke,P.E
Position/title Director Phone 509-625-6580 Fax 509-625-6537
Address 221 North Wall Street Suite 410 S okane W 99201
Date March 6.2009 Signature
(OPTIONAL�
X You may appeal this deternunation to(name) Greg Smith.Hearing Exaininer
at(location) 808 West Snokane Falls Boulevard,Spokane,WA 99201
no later than(date) March 20,2009
by(method) in writin�
You should be prepared to make specific factual objections.
Contact Russ Menke to read or ask about the procedures for SEPA appeals.
❑There is no agency appeal.
Cost Assessment Questionnaire
Please provide the information requested below:
Plan Prepared for the County of: Spokane
Prepared by: CH2M HILL
Contact Telephone: (509) 747-2000 Date:July 17, 2007
Def 1ri1t10riS
Please provide these definitions as used in the Solid Waste Management Plan and the Cost
Assessment Questionnaire.
Throughout this document:
YR.1 shall refer to 2004.
YR.3 shall refer to 2006.
YR.6 shall refer to 2009.
Year refers to: Calendar (January 01 to December 31)
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 1
COST ASSESSEMTN QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Demographics: To assess the generation,recycling and disposal rates of an area,it is
necessary to have population data. This information is available from many sources
(e.g.,the State Data Book, County Business Patterns, or the State Office of Finance and
Management).
1.1. Population
1.1.1. What is the total population of your County/City?
YR.1:432,000 YR.3: 446,364 YR.6: 462,636
1.1.2. For counties,what is the population of the area under your jurisdiction?
(Exclude cities choosing to develop their own solid waste management
system.)
See 1.1.1.
1.2. References and Assumptions
Population growth is based on intermediate forecast from the Washington State Office of
Financial Management.
2. Waste Management Generation:The following questions ask for total tons recycled and
total tons disposed. Total tons disposed are those tons disposed of at a landfill,
incinerator,transfer station or any other form of disposal you may be using. If other
please identify.
2.1. Tonnage Recycled-Financial Model
2.1.1. Please provide the total tonnage recycled in the base year and projections for
years 3 and 6.
YR.1:241,043 YR.3:251,575 YR.6:268,245
Note: (tonnage includes recycling and composting)
2.2.Tonnage Disposed
2.1.2. Please provide the total tonnage disposed in the base year and projections for
years 3 and 6.
YR.1:336,984 YR. 351,709 YR.6:375,014
Note: (tonnage is total waste generated minus 41% for recycling component)
2.2. References and Assumptions
Tonnage generated based on projected 2004 tonnage, excluding private recyclers within
Spokane County. Tonnages are calculated at 1.0 percent population growth rate.
3. System Component Costs:This section asks questions specifically related to the types of
programs currently in use and those recommended to be started. For each component
(i.e.,waste reduction,landfill,composting,etc.) please describe the anticipated costs of
the program(s),the assumptions used in estimating the costs and the funding
mechanisms to be used to pay for it. The heart of deriving a rate impact is to know what
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 2
programs will be passed through to the collection rates, as opposed to being paid for
through grants,bonds,taxes, and the like.
3.1 Waste Reduction Programs
3.1.1. Please list the solid waste programs which have been implemented and those
programs which are proposed. If these programs are defined in the solid
waste management plan,please provide the page number. (Attach additional
sheets as necessary.)
Numbers listed after the programs indicate the page number in the Spokane County
Solid Waste Management Comprehensive Plan, 2004 for reference.
Staffing levels are to remain similar to current levels and existing programs will
continue as long as they remain effective. Nezv programs will be implemented if tliey
can be done within operating budgets or if new funding sources become available.
Implemented:
• School and Youth Education:
— Public and Private Schools (4-2)
— Youth Publications (4-2)
— Other Youth Activities: presentations,WTE Tours (4-2)
• Public Outreach:
— Brochures (4-3)
— Publications (4-3)
— Recycling Hotline (4-3)
— Advertising(4-4)
— Booths at Fairs (4-4)
— World Wide Web Home Page (4-5)
— 2good2toss Materials Exchange (4-5)
• Outreach in Coalition with Other Entities:
- Spokane Youth Environmental Conference (4-5)
- The Green Zone (4-5)
• Business and Institutional Education:
- Waste Reduction Assessment Program(WRAP) (4-6)
- U.S. Green Building Council (4-8)
- Northwest Eco-Building Guild- Inland Chapter (4-8)
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 3
• Home Composting:
— Master Composting Program(4-8)
— Training(4-8)
— Compost Fairs (4-8)
— Other Activities (presentations, and"Leaf Letter") (4-9)
publication
— Grasscycling(4-9)
Proposed:
• Product Stewardship:
— Develop partnerships with private sector organizations to
provide reuse and recycling options for selected products
(4-15)
— Use purchasing power to encourage product stewardship
(4-16)
— Support product stewardship efforts (4-16)
• Procurement:
— Use purchasing power to influence markets for recovered
materials (4-17)
— Incorporate environmental performance into purchasing
decisions (4-19)
• Internal Waste Reduction Practices:
— Implement in-house waste reduction programs and
practices (4-20)
• Waste Reduction Education:
— Continue waste reduction education programs (4-21)
— Provide financial assistance for private waste reduction
efforts (4-21)
— Provide recognition for waste reduction successes (4-21)
• Waste Materials Exchanges:
— Continue administration of waste/materials exchange,
2good2toss (4-22)
— Promote private waste exchanges (4-22)
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 4
3.1.2. What are the costs,capital costs, and operating costs for waste reduction
programs implemented and proposed?
Implemented:
YR.1: $2,075,000 YR. $2,171,000 YR.6: $2,444,000
Note: Costs include waste reduction,recycling and composting components)
Proposed:
YR.1: $2,075,000 YR.3: $2,171,000 YR.6: $2,444,000
Note: Moderate Risk Waste Program is excluded from these numbers.
3.1.3. Please describe the funding mechanism(s) that will pay the cost of the
programs in 3.1.2.
Implemented:
Waste reduction and recycling programs will be funded by a combination of tipping
fees, CPG Grants from the Washington State Department of Ecology, and revenues
from sales of recycling (see Table 4.2 of Cost Assessment).
Proposed:
Proposed programs would be done with operating budgets used for current
implementation of programs unless additional funding sources become available.
3.2. Proposed Recycling Programs
3.2.1. Please list the proposed or implemented recycling program(s) and their costs
and proposed funding mechanism or provide the page number in the draft
plan on which it is discussed. (Attach additional sheets as necessary.)
Numbers listed after the programs indicate tlie page number in the Spokane County
Solid Waste Management Program Update 2004 for reference.
Implemented:
• Rate Incentives (5-3)
• Facility Drop-off sites (5-4)
• Specialized Recycling Operations (5-4)
— White Goods and Appliances (5-4)
— Scrap Metal and other Specific Materials(5-4)
— Ferrous Metals Reclamation(5-5)
— Household Batteries (5-5)
— Motor oil and antifreeze collections (Section 12)
— Yard Debris collections (Section 5.3.1.1)
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 5
• Outreach Programs (5-5)
- School and Youth Education(5-5)
- Public Outreach(5-5)
- Education and Outreach Programs in Coalition with Other
Entities (5-6)
- Business and Institutional Education(5-6)
• Spokane County Recycling Programs (5-7)
• Municipal Recycling Facilities and Programs (5-7 through 5-12))
- Airway Heights - drop-off recycling container (Sunshine
Disposal,hauler);roll-off yard waste collection container
(Sunshine Disposal,hauler)
- Cheney-city operated recycling facility,collects glass and
cardboard from Eastern Washington University;
- Composting: materials collected and hauled by City to
wastewater treatment plant
- Deer Park-curbside recycling by Sunshine Disposal
- Composting: curbside collection of yard waste by
Sunshine Disposal
- Liberty Lake-curbside recycling by Waste Management,
Community Clean-Up Day
- Composting: curbside collection of yard waste by Waste
Management
- Medical Lake-city operated recycling drop off facility
- Composting: city hauls collected yard waste to WTE
Facility
- Millwood-curbside collection of yard waste by Waste
Management
- Spangle-recycling collection site;contracted to processor
- Spokane-city operated curbside recycling,multi-family
recycling collection,workplace recycling programs,
commercial recycling,System drop-off recycling areas,and
access to private drop-off/buy-back centers
- Composting: curbside collection of yard waste by City
employees
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 6
- City of Spokane Valley-curbside recycling by Waste
Management
- Composting: curbside collection of yard waste by Waste
Management
- Fairchild AFB -curbside recycling,collection points and a
Recycling'Center;Waste Management contracted hauler
- Composting: curbside collection of yard waste by Waste
Management
• Fairchild Air Force Base Facilities and Programs (5-12)
• Recycling Haulers (5-15)
• Private Processing Recycling Facilities (5-17 through 5-26))
• Composting Facilities, Operations and Programs: (5-26)
- Clean Green(5-27)
- Spokane Master Composter Program(5-28)
- The Green Zone-public learning center that supports
"earth-friendly' ideas including composting(5-28)
• County Composting Programs (5-28)
• Municipal Composting Facilities and Programs (5-28)
• Private Facilities (5-30)
Proposed:
• Residential Recycling:
- Continue to strive to satisfy the State's priorities for
recycling(5-36)
- Evaluate recycling programs to determine feasibility of
adding or removing materials (5-3'�
- Monitor public education efforts (5-37)
- Electronic waste recycling(5-37)
- Assess single stream recyclables collection(5-38)
- Expand curbside or drop-off collection to rural areas (5-39)
- Evaluate front-end processing of waste to improve
recovery of material prior to incineration(5-39)
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 7
— Evaluate the current residential recycling system for
potential improvements that will increase diversion at the
lowest cost with the highest effectiveness (5-40)
— Explore technology to distill all plastics together for
recycling(5-41)
• Commercial Recycling:
— Continue to support and encourage private efforts to
divert recyclable materials from commercial sources (5-41)
— Continue to encourage non-residential recycling through
incentives,technical assistance and recognition programs
(5-42)
— Encourage food waste management by commercial sector
(5-42)
— Establish a Recycling Market Development Zone in
Spokane County (5-43)
— Establish a Resource Recovery Zone in Spokane County (5-
44)
• Composting:
— Expand yard waste collection efforts (5-45)
— Build a local facility for municipal compost (5-46)
• Public Recycling
— Provide recycling at public venues and events (5-47)
— Provide centralized neighborhood recycling bins (5-47)
3.3 Solid Waste Collection Programs
3.3.1 Regulated Solid Waste Collection Programs
Fill in the table below for each WUTC regulated solid waste collection entity
in your jurisdiction. (Make additional copies of this section as necessary to
record all such entities in your jurisdiction.)
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 8
YR.1 YR.3 YR.6
Waste Management of
Washington,Inc (G-237)
Residential
Customers Not provided Not provided Not provided
Tonnage 70,408 73,224 80,840
Commercial
Customers Not provided Not provided Not provided
Tonnage 75,874 78,909 87,115
Sunshine Disposal and Recycling
(G-199)
Residential
Customers 0 0 0
Tonnage 0 0 0
Commercial
Customers 156 161 170
Tonnage 16,100 18,123 21,550
Empire Disposal Inc. (G-75)
Residential
Customers 4,311 4,355 4,487
Tonnage 7,276 7,349 7,572
Commercial
Customers 825 834 347
Tonnage 412 433 489
'�Commercial tonnage includes roll-offs. Regular commercial container service is commingled with
residential can service due to collection method (rear load only). Commercial customer count includes
roll-offs and container service.
Newman Lake Disposal,Inc.
(G-171)
Residential
Customers 445 467 528
Tonnage 418 439 496
Commercial
Customers 0 0 0
Tonnage 0 0 0
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 9
3.3.2 Other (non-re�ulated) Solid Waste Collection
3.3.3 Fill in the table below for solid waste collection entities in your jurisdiction.
(Make additional copies of this section as necessary to record all such entities
in your jurisdiction.)
YR.1 YR.3 YR.6
Airway Heights
Residential
Customers
Tonnage 999 1,049 1,185
Commercial
Customers
Tonnage 1,039 1,091 1,233
Cheney
Residential
Customers
Tonnage 2,128 2,234 2,525
Commercial
Customers
Tonnage 1,039 1,091 1,233
Deer Park
Residential
Customers
Tonnage 704 739 835
Commercial
Customers
Tonnage 1,005 1,108 1,252
Medical Lake
Residential
Customers
Tonnage 3,518 3,694 4,174
Commercial
Customers
Tonnage 691 726 820
Rockford
Residential
Customers
Tonnage 90 95 107
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 10
YR.1 YR.3 YR.6
Rockford (continued)
Commercial
Customers
Tonnage 74 78 88
Spangle
Residential
Customers
Tonnage 163 171 193
Commercial
Customers
Tonnage 133 140 158
Spokane
Residential
Customers 61,171 62,133
Tonnage 80,764 83,995 92,730
Commercial
Customers 2,812 2,809
Tonnage 30,018 31,219 34,465
3.4 Energy Recovery and Incineration (ER&I)
3.4.1 Facility Information:
Name: Spokane Regional Waste-to-Energy Facility
Location: 2900 South Geiger Boulevard, Spokane
Owner: Spokane Regional Solid Waste System
Operator: Wlieelabrator Spokane,Inc.
3.4.2 What is the permitted capacity (tons/day) for the facility?
Guaranteed annual throughput is 282,200 tons/year. There is no permitted
maximum.In 2004, the facility burned 282,479 tons.
3.4.3 If the facility is not operating at capacity,what is the average daily
throughput (in tons)?
YR.1: 800 YR.3: 800 YR.6: 800
3.4.4 What quantity (in tons) is estimated to be landfilled,which is either ash or
cannot be processed?
YR.1: 140,068 YR.3: 149,309 YR.6: 172,615
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 11
3.4.5 What are the expected capital costs and operating costs for ER&I programs
(not including ash disposal expenses)?
YR.1: $6,762,865 YR.3: $12,529,000 YR.6: $13,177,000
Note: Capital and operating costs for ER&I are calculated with WTE costs
plus share of debt service minus (electrical sales and ash disposal expenses)
3.4.6 What are the expected costs of ash disposal?
YR.1: $3,616,735 YR.3: $3,726,522 YR.6: $3,984,970
3.4.7 Ash disposal will be: Long-hauled
3.4.8 Please describe the funding mechanism(s) that will fund the costs of this
component.
As shown in Table 4.2 of this cost assessment, this component will be funded by a
combination of tip fees, energy sales, interest, and sales of recyclables..
Sixty million dollars of tlie original WTE facility cost was paid througli a grant from
tlie State of Washington.
3.5 Land Disposal Program
3.5.1 Provide the following information for each land disposal facility in your
jurisdiction which receives garbage or refuse generated in the county.
Landfill Name:Northside Landfill
Owner: Cit�of Spokane
Operator: City of Spokane
3.5.2 Estimate the approximate tonnage disposed at the landfill by WUTC
regulated haulers. If you do not have a scale and are unable to estimate
tonnages,estimate using cubic yards, and indicate whether they are
compacted or loose.
YR.1: 0 YR.3: 0 YR.6: 0
3.5.3 Using the same conversion factors applied in 3.5.2,please estimate the
approximate tonnage disposed at the landfill by other contributors.
YR.1: 13,081 YR.3: 13,344 YR.6: 13,749
3.5.4 Provide the cost of operating(including capital acquisitions) each landfill in
your jurisdiction. For any facility that is privately owned and operated, skip
these questions.
YR.1: $321,000 YR.3: $402,000 YR.6: $433,000
3.5.5 Please describe the funding mechanism(s) that will recover the cost of each
component. Check when done.
The cost of this component will be funded througli tip fees.
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 12
3.6 Administration Program
3.6.1 What is the budgeted cost for administering the solid waste and recycling
programs and what are the major funding sources.
Bud�eted Cost
YR.1: $309,000 YR.3: $388,000 YR.6: $418,000
Fundin S� ource
Tip fees.
3.6.2 Which cost components are included in these estimates?
Majority of costs are related to staff needed to administer programs.
3.6.3 Please describe the funding mechanism(s) that will recover the cost of each
component.
This component will be funded through tip fees.
3.7 Other Programs
For each program in effect or planned which does not readily fall into one of the
previously described categories please answer the following questions. (Make
additional copies of this section as necessary.)
3.7.1 Valley Transfer Station - Construction, Demolition, Landclearing and Inert
(CDL) site established.
3.7.1.1 Describe the program, or provide a page number reference to the plan.
Offer a reuse area at Spokane Valley Transfer Station for CDL
materials (recommendation four (4) under Section 7 (Transfer
Systems) and recommendation eight (8) under Section 11
(Construction, Demolition, Landclearing, and Inert)
3.7.1.2 Owner/Operator:
The System owns the Valley Transfer Station. The operator of the CDL
site could be the System or a private operator.
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 13
3J.1.3 Is WLITC Regulation involved? If so, please explain the extent of the
involvement in Section 3.8
No.
3J.1.4 Please estimate the anticipated costs for this program, including capital and
operating expenses:
YR.1_$50,000_ YR.3_$50,000 YR.6_$50,000
3J.1.5 Please describe the funding mechanism(s) that will recover the cost of this
component.
Additional revenue obtained through tipping fees or grants.
3.7.2 Natural Disaster Debris Sites
3.7.2.1 Describe the program, or provide a page number reference to the plan.
Establish locations for staging and storage of natural disaster debris
sites.
3.7.2.2 Owner/Operator:
The sites would be owned and operated by the System.
3J.2.3 Is WL1TC Regulation involved? If so, please explain the extent of the
involvement in Section 3.8
No.
3J.2.4 Please estimate the anticipated costs for this program, including capital and
operating expenses:
YR.1_$1,000 YR.3_$1,000_ YR.6_$1,000
3J.2.5 Please describe the funding mechanism(s) that will recover the cost of this
component.
Funding mechanism would be tipping fees.
3.8 References and Assumptions (attach additional sheets as necessary)
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 14
4. FUNDING MECHANISMS: This section relates specifically to the funding
mechanisms currently in use and the ones which will be implemented to
incorporate the recommended programs in the draft plan. Because the way a
program is funded directly relates to the costs a resident or commercial customer
will have to pay, this section is crucial to the cost assessment process. Please fill
in each of the following tables as completely as possible.
SEA\WUTC COST ASSESS FORM 07-17-07 V6 15
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APPENDIX G-DESIGNATED RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
Appendix G: Designated Recyclable Materials
Recyclable commodities currently supporting markets in Spokane County include the
following list of recyclable materials. This list will be considered the designated
recyclable materials for the purpose of ineeting the Department of Ecology's planning
guidelines. Asterisks (�) indicate materials that are included in residential curbside
recycling programs.
• Antifreeze.
• Asphalt/concrete
• Batteries (household, automotive, cell phone, small hand tools and electronics)*
• Carpet pad
• Construction or demolition debris
• Donated Food
• Electronics:
— Computers
— Cell phones*
— Toner/printer cartridges
— Televisions
— Copiers
— Fax machines
— Power cables/connectors
• Film -X-ray
• Food scraps (including food-soiled paper) (Clean Green)�
• Glass bottles and jars (green, brown, and clear)*
• Gypsum
• Land clearing debris
• Metals:
— Steelcans�
— Aluminum cans* and foil
— White goods/large appliances
— Automobile bodies
— Ferrous metals (iron and steel)
— Nonferrous metals (aluminum, copper, brass, lead, nickel alloys, gold, silver,
titanium, tungsten, and inconnel)
June 2010
APPENDIX G-DESIGNATED RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
• Motor oil and oil filters
• Paint
• Pallets
• Paper:
— Newspaper*
— Magazines and telephone books*
— Paper(computer, office)
— Corrugated cardboard*
— Chip board
— Brown paper bags*
— Mixed Paper
• Plastic:
— Number L• (PETE)Polyethylene terephthalate�
— Number 2: (HDPE) High-density polyethylene, non-pigmented�
— Number 2: (HDPE) High-density polyethylene, with colored pigment
— Number 3: (PVC)Vinyl, siding, window trim, and other vinyl products
— Number 4: (LDPE) Low-density polyethylene, garment bags, shrink wrap, and
bubble wrap
— Number 6: (PS)Polystyrene,packaging peanuts
— Other: Polyethylene Foam, carpet pad, and other clean foam
• Reused building material
• Roofing material(as allowed)
• Textiles
• Tires
• Wood
• Yard waste(Clean Green)*
June 2010