Loading...
REZ-29-05 CITY OF SPOKANE VALLEY HEARING EXAMINER RE: Zone Reclassification from the Urban ) Residential-3.5 (UR-3.5) Zone to the ) Urban Residential-7* (UR-7*) Zone; and ) FINDINGS OF FACT, Environmental Appeal of MDNS; ) CONCLUSIONS OF LAW, Applicant/Appellant: Richard and Melinda ) AND DECISION Thomas ) File Nos. REZ-29-05 and APP-01-06 ) ) I. SUMMARY OF DECISION Hearing Matter: Application for a rezone from the UR-3.5 zone to the UR-7* zone, and appeal of MDNS issued for application. Summary of Decision: Approve application, subject to conditions of approval. Approve appeal of MDNS. II. FINDINGS OF FACT 1. The application seeks approval of a zone reclassification from the Urban Residential-3.5 (UR-3.5) zone to the Urban Residential-7* (UR-7*) zone, on approximately 3.67 acres of land. 2. The site is located along the south side of Broadway Avenue, south of the intersection of Broadway Avenue and the right of way for Blake Road; in the SE 1/4 of Section 15, Township 25 North, Range 44 EWM, Spokane County, Washington. 3. The site is currently referenced as County Assessor's tax parcel nos. 45154.0701 and 45154.0604, and is addressed at 13420 East Broadway, Spokane Valley. 4. The applicant and site owner is Richard and Melinda Thomas, Thomas Construction, 2901 Point, Hayden, Idaho. 5. On November 3, 2005, the applicant submitted the current application, along with a conceptual site development plan, to the City Department of Community Development, Planning Division("City Planning Division"). The conceptual site plan illustrated development of the site for 24 multi-family dwelling units, in the form of triplexes and four-plexes, for independent retirement living, at a residential density(net and gross) of 6.53 dwelling units per acre. 6. On November 16, 2005, the City Planning Division found the application to be incomplete, because the conceptual site plan did not show the existing improvements on the property. The applicant submitted a revised conceptual site plan showing the location of existing improvements, HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 1 along with the proposed multifamily development. The City Planning Division again found the application to be incomplete, and requested that the second site plan be revised to show only the existing improvements on the property. 7. On December 1, 2005, the applicant submitted the current site plan of record,which shows only the existing improvements on the site. On December 7, 2006, the City Planning Division found the application to be complete. 8. On January 13, 2006, the City Planning Division issued a Mitigated Determination of Nonsignificance (MDNS) for the rezone application. On January 27, 2006, the applicant timely appealed the MDNS to the Hearing Examiner, in File No. APP-01-06. 9. On February 16, 2006, the Hearing Examiner conducted a public hearing on the rezone application and MDNS. The notice requirements for the public hearing were met. The Examiner conducted site visits on February 15, 2006 and March 16, 2006. 10. The Hearing Examiner heard the proposal pursuant to Chapter 10.35 of the City Municipal Code, and the City Hearing Examiner Rules of Procedure. 11. The following persons testified at the public hearing: Karen Kendall and Greg McCormick Stacy Bjordahl Spokane Valley Community Development Attorney at Law Department, Planning Division Witherspoon, Kelly, Davenport & Toole 11707 E. Sprague Avenue, Suite 106 422 West Riverside, Suite 1100 Spokane Valley, WA 99206 Spokane, WA 99201 Ann Winkler Carl Johnson 4310 S. Ball Drive 13405 E. Valleyway Avenue Veradale, WA 99037 Spokane Valley, WA 99216 Hal Sarff Dale Lively 13505 E. Broadway 13523 E. Valleyway Avenue Spokane Valley, WA 99216 Spokane Valley, WA 99216 Sandra Raskell Mike Connelly Spokane Valley Public Works Department, City Attorney Engineering Division 11707 E. Sprague Avenue, Suite 106 11707 E. Sprague Avenue, Suite 106 Spokane Valley, WA 99206 Spokane Valley, WA 99206 12. The Examiner left the record open after the public hearing until March 7, 2005; to allow the City Attorney to respond to the memorandum of authorities submitted by the appellant's legal counsel, and to allow the appellant's attorney to reply to any response submitted by the City Attorney. No additional documents were submitted by the parties during the comment period. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 2 13. The Hearing Examiner takes notice of the City of Spokane Valley Interim Comprehensive Plan and Interim Zoning Code; 2001 County Standards for Road and Sewer Construction (adopted by reference by the City); City Municipal Code; other applicable development regulations; and prior land use decisions in the vicinity. 14. The record includes the documents in File Nos. REZ-29-05 and APP-01-06 at the time of the public hearing, the documents and testimony submitted at the public hearing, and the items taken notice of by the Hearing Examiner. 15. The site is approximately 3.67 acres in size, and is relatively flat in topography. The north part of the property is improved with a residence and two detached accessory structures. The site is vegetated with deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and grasses. 16. In 1991, Spokane County reclassified the zoning of the site and nearby land to the UR-3.5 zone; except for several parcels of land located approximately 500 feet west and southwest of the site, east of McDonald Road and south of Broadway Avenue, which were reclassified to the Urban Residential-22 (UR-22 zone); all pursuant to the Program to Implement the Spokane County Zoning Code. 17. In 1999, the County approved the rezone of five (5) acres of land located northeast of the site, at the northeast corner of the intersection of Broadway Avenue and the unimproved right of way for Blake Road, to the UR-22 zone; and authorized bonus density in such zone; for the development of 110 multi-family dwelling units, in the form of retirement/elderly apartments. See Hearing Examiner decision in File No. ZE-23-98. 18. The decision in File No. ZE-23-98 required the dedication of 20 feet of the rezoned property for Blake Road, and the applicable radius at the intersection of the right of way and Broadway Avenue, along with applicable border easements, to the County. The decision prohibited access to Blake Road until specifically authorized by the County Engineer; and provided that at such time as Blake Road is constructed and established as a public road, the County Engineer would determine if the driveway approach to the proposed use should be modified or relocated. 19. The rezone decision in File No. ZE-23-98 also required the installation of 32 feet of asphalt, curb and sidewalk along the frontage of the proposed development with Blake Road; which the decision provided could alternatively be accomplished through the landowner's participation in a j. future road improvement district(RID). 20. Effective January 15, 2002, Spokane County implemented a new comprehensive plan, Urban Growth Area(UGA) boundaries and County Phase I Development Regulations; pursuant to the State Growth Management Act. 21. The County Comprehensive Plan designated the site and nearby land in the Low Density Residential category; except for nearly all the land zoned UR-22 lying to the west and southwest, HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 3 which land was designated in the High Density Residential category; and except for the land located along the west side of Evergreen Road in the area, which land was designated in the Mixed Use category. 22. The County Phase I Development Regulations designated the site and area in the UGA, and retained the zoning of the site and neighboring land. 23. On March 31, 2003, the City was incorporated, with the site and surrounding area being included in the city limits. On the same date, the City adopted by reference, as City land use controls, the County's Comprehensive Plan, Zoning Code, Phase I Development Regulations, 2001 Standards for Road and Sewer Construction and official zoning maps, and other County development regulations; with certain revisions not relevant to the current matter. 24. In 2006, the City Council designated five (5) acres of land zoned UR-22 to the northeast, plus an adjacent acre of land lying to the east, in the High Density Residential category of the City Comprehensive Plan; and legislatively rezoned such easterly acre of land from the UR-3.5 zone to the UR-22 zone. See decision in File No. CPA-03-06. 25. The land located near the site consists primarily of single-family homes on parcels ranging from acreage lots to urban sized lots. However, a 1.2-acre parcel of land improved with a small synagogue is located directly east of the north portion of the site. A 5-acre parcel improved with a church and private school, fronting along Broadway Avenue, is located 170 feet east of the south portion of the site; and a 1.25-acre parcel of land used as playfields for the private school abuts the south portion of the site on the east. 26. A 2.5-acre parcel improved with a single-family residence abuts the site on the west. A 1.25-acre parcel improved with a single-family residence is located directly south of the west portion of the site, and derives access through the easterly extension of a private driveway from the terminus of Alki Avenue located to the west. 27. A 2.5-acre parcel of land improved with a single-family residence lies directly south of the east portion of the site. The owner (Delos Mettler) of such parcel controls an adjacent 20-foot strip of undeveloped land, containing an abandoned irrigation pipe, which strip of land extends south from the middle of the south boundary of the current site to Valleyway Avenue. A 2.2-acre parcel improved with a single-family residence is located directly southeast of the site. 28. The land zoned UR-22 to the northeast is developed with a 110-unit "congregate care" retirement facility(Broadway Court Estates). The retirement housing contemplated on the current site would be functionally connected to such facility. The land lying northwest of the site, across Broadway Avenue, consists of an elementary school. 29. Apartment complexes are located east of McDonald Road, south of Broadway Avenue, approximately 500 feet west of the site. Some duplexes are also found to the southwest. A mixture of office, commercial uses, nonresidential uses and residences are located to the east along the west side of Evergreen Road. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 4 30. A convenience store is located at the northwest corner of the intersection of Broadway Avenue and Evergreen Road, on land zoned Neighborhood Business (B-1). Further to the north, west of Evergreen Road, are found office uses and retirement housing, on land rezoned to Community Business (B-2) or UR-22 during the previous 10 years. See Hearing Examiner decisions in File Nos. REZ-19-03, ZE-08-02, ZE-10-99, ZE-26-98, ZE-26A-98, ZE-41B-95, ZE- 41A-95, ZE-41A-95, and ZE-41-95; and City zoning maps in project file. 31. The land located along or near Mission Avenue to the north is designated in the High Density Residential and Medium Density Residential categories of the Comprehensive Plan, zoned UR-22 and UR-12, and developed with multi-family housing or offices. 32. The City Arterial Road Plan designates Broadway Avenue, Evergreen Road and Sprague Avenue as Urban Principal Arterials; McDonald Road and Mission Avenue as Urban Minor Arterials; and Valleyway Avenue as an Urban Collector Arterial. 33. The City Arterial Road Plan considers Blake Road in the area as Local Access road; except from its intersection with 22nd Avenue and Saltese Road south to State Route No. 27, where it is designated as an Urban Collector Arterial. The other public roads in the vicinity not designated as arterials are also Local Access roads. 34. Evergreen Road in the area is improved to a 5-lane section, including center turn lane, and has an interchange with Interstate 90 north of Mission Avenue. Broadway Avenue and McDonald Road in the vicinity are improved to four(4) lanes. Valleyway Avenue is a 2-lane road. Public transit is available in Broadway Avenue. 35. Alki Avenue is paved from McDonald Road east to its terminus located approximately 165 feet west of the site. A 30-foot wide, unimproved right of way for Alki Avenue also extends westerly from the northerly terminus of Mamer Road for 130 feet, to a point lying 500 feet east of the site. Mamer Road extends south to Valleyway Avenue. 36. The 30-foot right of way for Blake Road located to the north, between the retirement facility and the elementary school properties, serves as a gravel driveway for such abutting uses, is fenced and closed at the north end, and is not maintained or established by the City as a public road. The 20 feet of right of way required to be dedicated for Blake Road by the rezone decision in File No. ZE-23-98 has not yet been granted to the City. Further to the north, portions of Blake Road are paved and open to public travel within a 60-foot right of way; but other portions are located within a 30-foot right of way that is unimproved and closed to public travel. 37. Blake Avenue extends south of Valleyway as a paved road all the way to SR-27, but its alignment shifts slightly to the east between Eighth Avenue and 12th Avenue, before returning to the same north/south alignment further to the south. 38. The MDNS issued for the proposal requires the applicant to dedicate right of way, and make "frontage" improvements, for Blake Road and Alki Avenue, prior to issuance of a HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 5 "commercial permit", or any further land use action; with the location and width of dedication to be determined at the time of"Commercial Permit Application or Platting Application". 39. The Staff Report submitted by the City Division of Planning indicates that the City requested the applicant to dedicate a 38-foot wide strip of land for Blake Road, and a 14-foot wide border easement on each side of such proposed right of way, extending from north to south through the site; and the dedication of 25 feet of land for right of way purposes for Alki Road along the south boundary of the site. The City may also request dedication of a border easement on the north side of the requested right of way for Alki Avenue, on the site. 40. The applicant's appeal of the MDNS objected to the mitigating conditions required by the MDNS; on the basis that there is no "public problem" such conditions are designed to address, there is no relationship or"nexus"between the impact of the contemplated development of the site and any public problem created or exacerbated by such development, and the required dedication and frontage improvements are not "roughly proportional"to any public problem created or exacerbated by such development. 41. In support of its position, the appellant cited the "taking" cases of Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, 483 U.S. 825, 107 S.Ct. 3141, 97 L.Ed.2d 677 (1987); Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374, 114 S.Ct. 2309, 129 L.Ed.2d 304 (1994);Burton v. Clark County, 91 Wn. App. 505 (1998), review denied, 137 Wn.2d 1015 (1999); and Benchmark v. Battleground, 146 Wn.2d 685 (2002). 42. The applicant also contended that the site can be developed to a maximum residential density(net) of seven(7) dwelling units per acre, instead of the maximum density of six(6) units per acre stated in the Staff Report, based on recent amendments to the UR-7 zone and City Zoning Code. 43. Dale Lively, the owner of a 2.2-acre parcel lying directly southeast of the site, improved with a single-family residence, testified that he preferred development of the site for a small retirement community over other potential residential uses, but generally opposed intensive development of the site. Lively also owns a 1.5-acre parcel of undeveloped land located approximately 340 feet southeast of the site, fronting along Valleyway Avenue; 44. Dale Lively also testified that if the parcel containing his residence is divided in the future for residential development, or his vacant parcel located to east is developed, such new development would access Valleyway Avenue, and that there was no need or justification to I . extend Alki Avenue to serve his two parcels. Lively stated that existing improvements on his property and on neighboring properties would make it difficult and undesirable to extend Alki Avenue or Blake Road in the vicinity; and that he has no reason to access Blake Avenue north of e Broadway Avenue considering its current condition. 45. Carl Johnson, the owner of a 1-acre parcel located 70 feet southwest of the site, which is improved with a single-family home and accessed through a 30-foot wide extension of such parcel to Valleyway Avenue, testified that he was neutral regarding the proposal. Johnson indicated that FIE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 6 his north fence line actually encroaches five (5) feet onto the portion of Alki Avenue abutting his property, and that the County previously granted him a license to keep his fence in the right of way until such time as the road may be extended to the east. Johnson advised that it would be difficult to get a fire truck through the 30-foot wide portion of his property that extends south to Valleyway Avenue, and that fire access for his property, and the abutting parcel to the northeast, would probably need to be achieved via Alki Avenue. 46. The City Zoning Code authorizes approval of a site specific rezone if it is consistent with the City Comprehensive Plan and is not detrimental to the public welfare. See Zoning Code 14.402.020(1), 14.402.100(1) and 14.402.120. 47. The City Phase I Development Regulations require all zone reclassifications to be consistent with the implementing zones specified in such regulations for the Comprehensive Plan designations that apply to the property involved. The implementing zones for the Low Density Residential category, in which the site is designated, are the UR-3.5 and UR-7 zones. 48. Under Washington case law, the proponent of a rezone must establish that the rezone bears a substantial relationship to the public health, safety or welfare; and that a substantial change of circumstances has occurred in the area since the property was last zoned. However, where the proposed rezone implements the comprehensive plan of the local government, a substantial change of circumstances does not have to be demonstrated. 49. The UR-3.5 zone,which currently applies to the site, is intended to promote areas of primarily single-family residences in an urbanized neighborhood setting. Such zone permits single-family homes, duplexes and certain other uses; but does not allow multi-family dwellings. The UR-3.5 zone permits a maximum residential density(net) of 4.35 dwelling units per acres. The minimum frontage for a single-family dwelling in the UR-3.5 zone is 80 feet, and the minimum lot size is 10,000 square feet. 50. The UR-7 zone is intended to add to the variety of housing types and densities, and to provide standards for the orderly development of residential property in a manner that provides a desirable living environment that is compatible with surrounding land uses and assures the protection of property values. The UR-7 zone permits the development of single-family homes, duplexes, multi-family dwellings and certain other uses. 51. Section 14.618.300 of the City Zoning Code states that the maximum density(net) permitted in the UR-7 zone is seven(7) dwelling units per acre. The minimum lot area and minimum frontage for a single-family residence in the UR-7 zone are 6,000 square feet for a single-family dwelling and 65 feet, respectively. The minimum lot area and minimum frontage for !' a multi-family dwelling unit are 15,000 square feet and 100 feet, respectively. 52. The City Phase I Development Regulations limit residential development on land rezoned to the UR-7 zone under such regulations to a maximum density(net) of six(6) dwelling units per acre. Such zoning is referred to by the City as "Urban Residential-7* (UR-7*)", and is reflected as "UR-7*" on City zoning maps. Land zoned UR-7 prior to adoption of the City(and County) HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 7 Phase I Development is shown on City zoning maps as "UR-7", and can be developed to a density of seven(7) dwelling units per acre. 53. In 2004, the City made minor changes to the setback and building height standards of the UR-3.5, UR-7 Urban Residential-12 (UR-12) and UR-22 zone; in replacing Sections 14.618.305 through 14.618.375 of the City Zoning Code with City Municipal Code Section 4.15.1 (Residential Zone Dimensional Standards Table). See Zoning Code 14.618.300. However, such changes did not revise the maximum residential density(net) permitted in such zones, or other development standards. See City Ordinances Nos. 04-033 and 04-046. 54. The applicant contended that the 2004 amendments to the City Zoning Code indirectly amended the City Phase I Development Regulations; on the basis that the 2004 amendments specified a maximum residential density(net) of seven(7) dwelling units per acre in the UR-7 zone, and that such density allowance contradicted or was more specific than the density provisions of the City Phase I Development Regulations. 55. In support of its position, the applicant cited Schumacher v. Williams, 107 Wn. App. 793 (2001), review denied, 145 Wn.2d 1025 (2002). Such case, citing other authorities, articulates rules of construction in cases where the language of a statute is ambiguous. Such rules indicate that where a later enacted statute on the same subject is more specific than an earlier and more general statute, the later enacted statute is controlling. However, such rule gives way to the duty to construe related statutes harmoniously, if possible, the assumption that the legislature did not intend to effectuate a change in the law by implication; and that the principal objective in interpreting a statute is to effectuate the intent of the legislature. Id. 56. The provision in the City Phase I Development Regulations limiting the residential density of land rezoned to the UR-7 zone, and designated in the Low Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan, to six(6) units per acre implements policy UL.9.1 of the Comprehensive Plan, which states that "Low density residential areas shall range from 1 to and including 6 dwelling units per acre..." The City Phase I Development Regulations logically do not impose a similar density limitation on land designated in the Medium Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan that is rezoned to the UR-7 zone; since policy UL.9.1 of the Comprehensive Plan embraces a residential density range in the Medium Density Residential category of "...greater than 6 to and including 15 dwelling units per acre." 57. The 2004 amendments to the Zoning Code made no change to the residential density permitted in the "UR-7" zone, expressed no intent to amend the City Phase I Development Regulations by implication, and can easily be read harmoniously with the provision in the City Phase I Development Regulations limiting the residential density of land designated in the Low Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan and rezoned to the "UR-7*" zone to six (6) dwelling units per acre. 58. The applicant also contended that it would be a"denial of equal protection"to allow properties zoned UR-7 before adoption of the City(and County) Phase I Development Regulations, designated in the Low Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan, to HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 8 enjoy a maximum residential density of seven(7) dwelling units per acre,while properties zoned UR-7 after the adoption of such regulations, and designated in the Low Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan, are limited to a residential density of six(6) dwelling units per acre. 59. It was rational for the City(and the County, prior to incorporation of the City) to not "downzone" property designated in the Low Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan, that was zoned UR-7 prior to adoption of the Phase I Development Regulations; and/or potentially make certain residential uses developed on such properties nonconforming; by reducing the allowable densities on such properties to six(6) units per acre. 60. It was rational for the City(and the County, beforehand) to implement the maximum residential density recommended by the Comprehensive Plan in the Low Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan of six(6) units per acre only for properties newly zoned under the Phase I Development Regulations, that are designated in the Low Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan. 61. RCW 36.70B.030 requires that a comprehensive plan and development regulations adopted by local government under the State Growth Management Act (GMA) serve as the foundation for project review; and that where standards for development are set forth in local development regulations, or in the absence of applicable development regulations, are addressed by a comprehensive plan, such regulations or the comprehensive plan, respectively, are determinative of the features of development regulated by such standards of development. 62. Policy UL.9.1 of the Comprehensive Plan recommends that residential densities in the Low Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan range from 1-6 dwelling units per acre. Policy UL.9.2 recommends that the County seek to achieve an average residential density in new development of at least four(4) dwelling units per acre, through a mix of densities and housing Policy UL.8.1 recommends that mixed-income development be provided for in residential areas. The proposed rezone generally implements these policies. 63. Policy UL.2.11 of the Comprehensive Plan promotes the linkage of developments with open space, parks, natural areas and street connections. Policy T.4a.9 of the Comprehensive Plan states that adequate access to and circulation within all developments shall be maintained for emergency service and public transportation vehicles. 64. Policy UL.2.17 of the Comprehensive Plan recommends that multi-family housing be sited throughout the UGA; including integration into small, scattered parcels throughout existing residential area; with new multi-family dwellings built to the scale and design of the community or neighborhood, while contributing to an area-wide density supportive of public transit and that allows for a range of housing choices. 65. The Urban Land Use chapter of the Comprehensive Plan states as follows: HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 9 "Street design can have a significant impact on community character. Closed development patterns, which often include dead-end and cul-de-sac roads, tend to isolate communities and make travel difficult. Integrated neighborhoods provide connected streets and paths and often include a central focal point, such as a park or neighborhood business. Integrated development patterns promote a sense of community and allow for ease of pedestrian/bicycle movement. The illustration below contains an integrated, as compared to a closed, development pattern. Integration does not necessarily mean development in grids. Rather, roads should connect and provide for ease of circulation regardless of the layout." The illustration referenced in such quotation compares an integrated street pattern with a closed- development pattern; and states "Clear,formalized and interconnected street systems make destinations visible,provide the shortest and most direct path to destinations and result in security through community rather than by isolation." 66. Policies UL.2.20 and T.4a.12 of the Comprehensive Plan encourage new developments, including multi-family developments, to be arranged in a pattern of connecting streets and blocks to allow people to get around easily by all means of transportation; but finds that cul-de-sacs and other closed street systems may be appropriate where topography and other physical limitations make connecting systems impracticable, and in other pertinent circumstances. 67. Policy UL.2.21 of the Comprehensive Plan encourage techniques to slow vehicle traffic and reduce the volume of traffic in residential neighborhoods, giving due consideration to traffic, pedestrian safety, mobility and conforming to Goal T.4a of the Comprehensive Plan. Policy T.4a.13 recommends the development of local access roads that are curvilinear, narrow, or use other street designs consistent with safety requirements, to discourage through traffic in neighborhoods; where such design fits into the surrounding street systems or aids in implementing specific land use designs. 68. Policy T.3e.1 recommends that the City transportation network provide safe and convenient bicycle and walking access between housing, recreation, shopping, schools, community facilities and mass transit access points; and that obstructions and conflicts with pedestrian and bicycle movement be minimized. 69. Policy T.2.2 of the Comprehensive Plan recommends that transportation improvements needed to serve new development be in place at the time new development impacts occur, or that a financial commitment, consistent with the City's Capital Facilities Plan, be made to complete the improvement within six(6)years. 70. Policy T.4a.1 of the Comprehensive Plan recommends that best available engineering practices be utilized to ensure a safe and efficient roadway system. 71. Policy T.4a.2 of the Comprehensive Plan recommends that the capacity of existing roads be maximized to reduce the need for new or expanded roads; through the use of signalization, improved signage and other appropriate means. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 10 72. Policy T.4a.9 of the Comprehensive Plan states that adequate access to and circulation within all developments shall be maintained for emergency service and public transportation vehicles. 73. The Staff Report sets forth other relevant policies of the Comprehensive Plan. 74. The guidelines set forth in the City 2001 Standards for Road and Sewer Construction("City Road Standards") recommend, in planning transportation systems for new development, the provision of adequate vehicular and pedestrian access to all parcels of land, designing local access roads to minimize through traffic movements and excessive speeds, providing logical street patterns, minimizing vehicular and pedestrian-vehicular conflict points, considering traffic generators in designing a street system in a proposed development, and considering bordering arterial routes. See City Road Standards, p. 1-5 and 1-6. 75. The City Road Standards set forth standards for right of way dedication, border easements, width of paving, and the installation of curb and sidewalk for arterials and local access roads in or abutting new development. This includes requiring the installation of curb and sidewalk along the frontage of new residential developments, and along both sides of a new public road, in the urban residential zones of the City Zoning Code. 76. The City Road Standards set forth standards for private driveways. Such standards vest the City Engineer with the authority to impose requirements in addition to those stated in the City Road Standards, based on existing or anticipated conditions, to ensure proper control of access or egress for traffic, and to safely provide for traffic using the street. 77. The City Road Standards vest the City Engineer with wide discretion in designating the public roadway section to be applied to a particular development, utilizing such standards. This includes consideration of such factors as the functional classification of the roadway, traffic volume, terrain, density of the proposed or existing development, the proposed or existing zoning, existing roads located in the immediate area, the cost relationship of the proposed improvements, the surrounding developments, and other pertinent factors relating to the public health, safety and welfare. 78. The City Road Standards indicate that Local Access roads allow direct access to abutting lands and connections to the "higher order" systems. This includes through streets, loop streets and cul-de-sac streets that provide access to homes connecting to a Collector Arterial or other residential access streets; and which do not support through traffic. A Collector Arterial collects traffic from Local Access roads and distributes it to the greater arterial system. 79. For general approval purposes, the City Planning Division regards the proposed rezone as a "blanket"rezone not tied to a specific development plan. However, for the purposes of SEPA, the City Planning Division considered the potential environmental impacts from development of the site for multi-family housing, at a maximum residential development of six(6) dwelling units HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 11 per acre; with such development being served by a private driveway system connecting to Broadway Avenue, and no other public road connections or provisions. 80. Under Washington case law, local governments evaluating the environmental impacts of a proposed rezone may consider the general use and development possibilities of land under a new zoning classification; even though specific projects on the land may be environmentally evaluated and appropriately conditioned or denied at the building permit or post-rezone regulatory stage. This is particularly the case where specific development of the property as rezoned is probable based on the record, as in the current case. See King County v. Boundary Review Board, 122 Wn.2d 648 (1993); and Settle, The Washington State Environmental Policy Act, pages 13-11 through 13-13. 81. Washington cases generally do not authorize the "vesting" of contemplated development in rezone cases. The City Phase I Development Regulations and the City's land use processing rules do not provide for the vesting of development contemplated for a site in a"blanket" rezone situation; although the City's land use processing rules require a rezone application to be considered under the development regulations in place at the time a complete rezone application was submitted. 82. The proposed rezone would allow up to 22 dwelling units to be developed on the site, at the maximum density(net) of six(6) dwelling units per acre allowed in the UR-7* zone, if right of way is not dedicated for Alki Avenue and Blake Road. The site could be developed for 15 or 16 dwelling units per acre under its existing UR-3.5 zoning, at a maximum density of 4.35 dwelling units per acre; without the dedication of right of way for Alki Avenue and Blake Road. However, the site can only be developed for multi-family housing under the UR-7* zone. 83. The record indicates that the City has requested the dedication of 27,746 square feet for Blake Road and 7,788 square feet for Alki Avenue, if the site is developed as contemplated. If such dedication is required, the maximum number of dwelling units that could be developed on the site under the UR-7* zone would be 17 dwelling units. If the applicant was required to only dedicate 7,788 for Alki Avenue, the applicant could potentially develop 20 or 21 dwelling units on the site. If the applicant was required to dedicate only 27,746 square feet for Blake Road, the applicant could potentially develop 18 dwelling units on the site. See Zoning Code 14.300.100, definition of"density". 84. If the City requires the dedication of border easements along Blake Road and/or Alki Avenue, in addition to the dedication of right of way, the land required for border easements is not deducted from gross acreage in determining the number of dwelling units that can be developed on the site under the maximum residential density(net) permitted in the UR-7* zone; although the provision of border easements could impact the location and design of proposed improvements. 85. The applicant contended that the dedications and border easements requested by the City would cause it to lose three (3) senior housing units in the north portion of the contemplated development and up to eight (8) units in the south portion, and would make the contemplated HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 12 development unfeasible. This conclusion is somewhat erroneous, since it assumes the applicant can develop 24 multi-family dwelling units on the site without right of way dedication, instead of the 22 units that can be developed on the site under the UR-7* zone without right of way dedication. See Exhibit#19, and testimony of Stacy Bjordahl. 86. The environmental checklist submitted for the application states that a private drive would be constructed to provide internal access for site development. The checklist indicates that the transportation impacts of the proposal are reduced by the proposed development of retirement "villas" on the site, compared to the development of general multi-family uses on the site; and that busses and vans from the related Broadway Court Estates retirement center located to the northeast would provide transportation for future residents on the site on a scheduled basis. 87. The trip distribution letter submitted by the applicant's traffic engineer indicates that residents in the senior housing developed on the site would use their own cars, but that some would use some of the transportation, meals and other options available to the existing residents in the congregate care facility located to the northeast. The letter observed that traffic generated by site development could be represented by a variety of land use categories under the Institute of Transportation Engineers Manual(ITE), Trip Generation 7th Addition; but that the most appropriate classification is "Congregate Care Facility, Land Use Category 253". The letter found that development of the site for 24 senior housing units under such classification would generate only four(4) PM peak hour vehicle trips, one (1) AM peak hour vehicle trip and 48 average daily vehicle trips. 88. The trip distribution letter stated that if two other possible classifications in the ITE Manual for the contemplated senior housing had been chosen, up to seven(7) PM peak hour vehicle trips and five (5)AM peak hour vehicle trips could be generated. The letter concluded that even this amount of trip generation would have little impact on the surrounding transportation system, and that such trip generation was low enough to meet concurrency requirements without additional traffic analysis. The City did not dispute this. The letter further noted that if the site was developed for 22 single-family homes under the UR-7 zone, the site would generate 22 PM peak hour vehicle trips and 17 AM peak hour vehicle trips. 89. The peak hour traffic load from development of the site for the contemplated senior housing would actually be even less than indicated by the trip distribution letter; since the site can only be developed for at most 22 dwelling units under the UR-7* zone, if no right of dedication is required; and for a range of only 17-21 dwelling units, if right of way dedication is required for Blake Road, Alki Avenue, or both Blake Road and Alki Avenue, respectively 90. The City did not request dedication or frontage improvements for Broadway Avenue, because such road has already been improved to City standards along the frontage of the site, including the installation of curb and sidewalk. 4-' 91. McDonald Road and Evergreen Road are separated by a distance of approximately .5 miles, not 1.5 miles as indicated in the Staff Report. Broadway Avenue and Valleyway Avenue are separated by a distance of approximately .25 miles. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 13 92. The applicant's traffic engineer indicated that the typical spacing of arterials in the Spokane Valley, at a distance of every mile to one-half(1/2) mile,without the development of local access streets as through streets in a classic grid pattern, provides adequate connectivity of streets; and preserves the integrity of local access streets, by ensuring that they do not have "excessive" connectivity and encourage through traffic to use them. See letter dated 2-16-06 from Sunburst Engineering. 93. The applicant's traffic engineer indicated that the arterials in the area are currently well below recommended transportation capacity; and that through streets are not needed between nearby arterials to preserve transportation concurrency for the public road intersections impacted by the contemplated senior housing on the site. See letter dated 2-16-06 from Sunburst Engineering. 94. The applicant indicated that fire access for the contemplated development had been discussed with County Fire District 1; and that the district had indicated no safety concerns with the driveway access proposed by the applicant, as long as the driveway was of adequate width and provided an adequate turnaround for fire and emergency vehicles. See testimony of Hal Sarff and Ann Winkler. The fire district submitted a letter dated August 25, 2005, indicating that it had no objections to the rezone, but would comment on access, fire protection and fire hydrant locations at "...time of Plat." 95. The applicant's traffic engineer indicated that the driveway access planned for the contemplated senior housing on the site generally meets City Engineering and County Fire District 1 standards for accessibility and safety. See testimony of Ann Winkler and Hal Sarff, and letter dated 2-16-06 from Ann Winkler. 96. The applicant's traffic engineer indicated that McCabe Road is a better candidate for extension between Broadway and Valleyway Avenues, than extending Blake Road between such roads; on the basis that it would require right of way from fewer parcels and already has public road connections to Broadway Avenue and between Valleyway Avenue and Sprague Avenue. However, such extension is problematic since it would pass through two existing residences. See aerial photo of area in project file. 97. The extension of Alki Avenue east of the northerly terminus of Mamer Road to Evergreen Road is problematic, because of the existing residences and the Vera Water and Power Company buildings located between such road terminus and Evergreen Road. 98. The extension of Alki Avenue from the paved portion located west of the site to Mamer Road located east of the site would be hindered somewhat by the existing accessory buildings located in the north end of the parcel lying directly south of the east half of the site and in the north end of the parcel lying directly southeast of the site. The extension of Blake Road south of the site would be hindered somewhat by the existing outbuildings located in the north end of the parcel lying directly south of the east half of the site. See testimony of Dale Lively, and aerial photo. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 14 99. Considering the existing UR-3.5 zoning of the acreage parcels located near the site, the designation of such parcels in the Low Density Residential category of the Comprehensive Plan, and the availability of public sewer in the area, it is conceivable that such parcels may be divided and developed, or further developed, for urban residential uses in the future. It is also conceivable that, as part of such future development, right of way may be dedicated, or required to be dedicated, to the City for the extension, or partial extension, of Alki Avenue to the east and west, and of Blake Road to the south. 100. The City cited Section 14.710.220 of the City Zoning Code in support of its request for right of way dedication and road improvements for Alki Avenue and Blake Road. However, Chapter 14.710 (Arterial/Road Overlay) of the City Zoning Code only applies to proposed development where official Arterial/Road Maps have been adopted as "official controls"pursuant to chapter 36.70 RCW. See Zoning Code 14.710.020 and 14.710.080. 101. The City has adopted the City Arterial Road Plan as an element of the City Comprehensive Plan. However, the City has not adopted specific Arterial/Road Maps as an"official control" under chapter 36.70 RCW, for Alki Avenue, Blake Road, or any other roads in the area. Zoning Code 14.710.220 therefore does not apply to the current circumstances. 102. The record does indicate the presence of a"public problem"that the mitigating conditions in the MDNS attempt to address, i.e. the lack of public road connectivity between Broadway Avenue and Valleyway Avenue, and Evergreen Road and McDonald Avenue. This is not the lack of continuous "through streets" in a perfect grid pattern that extend between and beyond such arterials, but rather the relative inability to travel between such arterials through an integrated public road system. For example, if Alki Avenue could be extended from the west all the way to Mamer Road; or if Alki Avenue could be extended from the west to the east boundary of the site, along with the extension of Blake Road either south to Valleyway Avenue or north to Broadway Avenue, connectivity in the area would be significantly enhanced. See example of integrated road system on pages UL-7 and T-13 of Comprehensive Plan. 103. The facts in the current case are extremely similar to those in Burton v. Clark County, supra. In Burton, the court found that it could not reasonably be inferred from the evidence that the right of way requested by the county through a proposed short plat would make the desired connection through adjacent property to an existing public road,within the foreseeable future. On this basis, the court determined that the county's requirements did not have a tendency to solve or alleviate the identified public problem, and the requisite relationship or "nexus"between the proposed solution and the public problem needed to justify the taking of land in such case was not established; and the court refused to require the dedication or improvement of a right of way through the short plat. 104. In the current circumstances, it cannot be reasonably inferred from the record that Blake Road will be extended to the south through other properties to Valleyway Avenue in the foreseeable future; or that Alki Avenue will be extended west through adjacent property to existing Alki Avenue, or east through other properties to Mamer Road, in the foreseeable future. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 15 Since such potential extensions are only possibilities, not probabilities, the mitigation requested by the MDNS does not tend to solve or alleviate the problem of connectivity in the vicinity, and the requisite relationship or"nexus" between the proposed solution and the identified public problem needed to justify the taking of land in the current matter has not been established by the City. J �' g Y Y 105. The UR-7 zone requires the installation of a 6-foot high, sight-obscuring fence, wall or solid landscaping adjacent to land zoned UR-3.5, except adjacent to a public road or alley. Such requirement is applicable along the east,west and south boundaries of the site; and will help buffer development of the site from adjacent properties. 106. Because the proposed rezone is not tied to a specific site plan for the purpose of review by the Examiner, it is exempt from transportation concurrency requirements. Traffic concurrency will be determined by City Engineering at the time of building permit or division of the site. Approval of the rezone does not authorize any particular development of the site. 107. County Utilities and Vera Water and Power respectively certified the availability of public sewer and water for the rezone and proposed short plat. The proposed rezone complies with the public sewer and water concurrency requirements of the City Phase I Development Regulations. 108. The site is suitable for a rezone to the UR-7* zone; considering its location abutting Broadway Avenue, the availability of a high level of public services to the site, and the proximity of the site to the UR-22 zoning and higher density housing located to the northeast. 109. The proposed rezone conforms to the Comprehensive Plan. In addition, changed conditions have occurred in the area since the zoning of the site was reclassified to the UR-3.5 zone in 1991. This includes the extension of public sewer to the area, adoption of the City Comprehensive Plan and City Phase I Development Regulations, incorporation of the City of Spokane Valley, and the rezoning of the land located northeast of the site to the UR-22 zone. 110. The proposed rezone will not have more than a moderate effect on the quality of the environment. Based on the above findings of fact, the Hearing Examiner enters the following: III. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW 1. The proposed zone reclassification conforms to the City Comprehensive Plan. 2. The proposed rezone, as conditioned, bears a substantial relationship, and will not be detrimental, to the public health, safety or welfare. 3. A substantial change of circumstances has occurred in the area since the site was last zoned. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 16 4. The maximum residential density(net) permitted on the site under the proposed Urban Residential-7* (UR-7*) zone is six(6) dwelling units per acre. 5. The mitigating measures imposed by the Mitigated Determination of Nonsignificance (MDNS) issued by the City Planning Division for the proposed rezone, i.e. right of way dedication and frontage improvements, are not a valid exercise of the police power, as indicated in Burton v. Clark County, 91 Wn. App. 505 (1998), review denied, 137 Wn.2d 1015 (1999); and in other relevant state and federal taking cases. 6. The appeal of the MDNS submitted by the applicant should be approved, and the mitigating measures requested in the MDNS should not be imposed. 7. The proposed rezone will not have a significant, probable adverse impact on the environment. 8. The proposed rezone, as conditioned, complies with the UR-7* zone, the City Zoning Code and other applicable development regulations. 9. The proposed rezone, as conditioned, meets the criteria established by Washington case law for approving a rezone, and the criteria established in paragraphs 14.402.020(1) of the City Zoning Code for amending the City official zoning map. 10. Approval of the zone reclassification is appropriate under Chapter 10.35 of the City Municipal Code. W. DECISION Based on the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law above, the application for a zone reclassification of the site to the Urban Residential-7* (UR-7*) zone is hereby approved, subject to the conditions of the various agencies specified below. The applicant's appeal of the Mitigated Determination of Nonsignificance (MDNS) issued by the City Planning Division for the rezone application is hereby granted, and the mitigating measures requiring right of way dedication and frontage improvements are not imposed on the proposed rezone. Any conditions of approval of public agencies that have been added or significantly altered by the Examiner are italicized. This approval does not waive the applicant's obligation to comply with relevant requirements of other public agencies with jurisdiction over land development. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 17 CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL CITY OF SPOKANE VALLEY DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT- PLANNING DIVISION 1. Prior to final short plat approval, the applicant shall comply with Section 14.622.356 (Walls) of the Spokane Valley Interim Zoning Code and construct a six(6)-foot high concrete, masonry, or decorative block wall, solid landscaping or site-obscuring fence on the south, east and west property lines. Further, the applicant shall submit a written agreement requiring that the applicant or successors in interest shall continuously maintain such required screening in good condition. The applicant shall, at the same time, agree that at the time of sale of any and all of the parcels created through the short plat action, to notify in writing all buyers of the requirement to maintain the required screening along the portion of the property under their direct control. SPOKANE VALLEY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS —ENGINEERING DIVISION 1. A transportation concurrency determination, and the imposition of additional conditions or mitigation, shall be deferred until the time of preliminary short plat, building permit or other land use application. 2. The Spokane Tribe of Indians recommended that an archeological survey and subsurface testing be conducted at all construction and staging areas, to determine whether cultural or historical resources are located on the site. See letter dated September 20, 2005. Upon any discovery of potential or known archaeological resources at the site prior to or during on-site construction, the developer, contractor, and/or any other parties involved in construction shall immediately cease all on-site construction, shall act to protect the potential or known historical and cultural resources area from outside intrusion; and shall promptly notify the City of Spokane Valley Community Development Department of said discovery. SPOKANE COUNTY DIVISION OF UTILITIES 1. A wet(live) sewer connection to the area-wide public sewer system shall be constructed. A sewer connection permit is required. Commercial developments shall submit historical and or estimated water usage prior to the issuance of the connection permit in order to establish sewer fees. 2. Applicant shall submit expressly to Spokane County Division of Utilities, under separate cover, only those plan sheets showing sewer plans and specifications for the public sewer connections and facilities for review and approval. Commercial developments shall submit historical and or estimated water usage as part of the sewer plan submittal. 3. Sewer plans acceptable to the Division of Utilities shall be submitted prior to the issuance of the sewer connection permit. BE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 18 4. Any water service for this project shall be provided in accordance with the Coordinated Water System Plan for Spokane County, as amended. SPOKANE REGIONAL HEALTH DISTRICT 1. The sewage disposal method shall be as authorized by the City of Spokane Public Works Department. 2. Water service shall be coordinated through the Director of Utilities, Spokane County. 3. Water service shall be by an existing public water supply when approved by the Regional Engineer(Spokane), State Department of Health. 4. A public sewer system will be made available for the project. 5. The use of private wells and water systems is prohibited. SPOKANE COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AUTHORITY 1. Dust emissions during demolition, construction, and excavation projects shall be controlled. Appropriate measures shall include but are not limited to the use of water sprays, tarps, sprinklers or suspension of activity during certain weather conditions. 2. Measures shall be taken to avoid the deposition of dirt and mud from unpaved surfaces onto paved surfaces. If tracking or spills occur on paved surfaces, measures must be taken immediately to clean these surfaces. 3. Debris generated as a result of this project shall be disposed of by means other than burning. 4. All traveled surfaces (i.e. ingress, egress, parking areas, access roads, etc.) should be paved and kept clean to minimize dust emissions. 5. If objectionable odors result from this project, effective control apparatus and measures shall be taken to reduce odors to a minimum. 6. Special attention shall be given to proper maintenance of diesel powered construction equipment to reduce the impact of diesel exhaust, a suspended carcinogen. 7. A Notice of Construction and Application for Approval is required to be submitted and approved by SCAPCA prior to the construction, installation, or establishment of an air pollution j. source. This includes emergency generators rated at 500 hp (375 kW) or higher, natural gas heating equipment units rated at 4 MMBTU/hr or higher(input), and heating equipment units fired with other fuels (e.g. diesel) rated at 1 MMBTU/hr (input) or higher. The applicant shall contact SCAPCA for a Notice of Application. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 19 8. A Notice of Intent must be submitted to SCAPCA prior to any demolition project or asbestos project. An asbestos survey must be done by an AHERA accredited building inspector prior to the demolition or renovation of buildings to determine if asbestos-containing material is present at the site. Contact SCAPCA for a Notice of Intent application. WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY(SPOKANE OFFICE) 1. The applicant is encouraged to use construction products containing recycled and non-toxic materials whenever possible, to reuse and recycle all leftover construction materials, reduce waste generated and practice "Green Building"principals in all aspects of the project. Recycling construction debris is typically less expensive than disposal. Please contact James Wavada at (509) 329-3545 for assistance. 2. In the event of demolition of existing structure(s), proper disposal of solid waste, including demolition waste, should be ensured. The applicant is encouraged to salvage, reuse and recycle as much of the waste as possible. Recycling demolition debris is typically less expensive than disposal. Otherwise, the demolition waste must be disposed of at a permitted solid waste facility. 3. Landscaping should incorporate waste prevention measures and the use of organic materials. Water needs are reduced by use of native and drought tolerant plantings, compost material, mulch, and drip irrigation. Pesticide and herbicide use is eliminated or reduced by use of pest resistant and native plantings. Compost is also an effective soil amendment. Chipped woody debris can be used to mulch ornamental beds, suppress weeds, retain moisture, control erosion, and provide a base for pathways. The use of organic debris generated on-site for landscaping, if possible, is also recommended. 4. It is preferable to leave the existing vegetation undisturbed for both aesthetic and practical reasons. However, if it must be removed, the applicant is encouraged to dispose of it at a compost facility or replant it elsewhere. DATED this 22nd day of March, 2006 CITY HEARING EXAMINER PRO TEM Mic•.el C. Dempsey, WSBA#82 ' HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 20 NOTICE OF FINAL DECISION AND NOTICE OF RIGHT TO APPEAL Pursuant to Section 10.35.150 of the City of Spokane Valley Municipal Code (SVMC), as amended, the decision of the Hearing Examiner on an application for a zone reclassification is final and conclusive unless within fourteen(14) calendar days from the Examiner's written decision, a party with standing files an appeal of the decision with the City Council of the City of Spokane Valley, City Hall, 11707 E. Sprague Avenue, in Spokane Valley, Washington; in accordance with all the requirements of SVMC#10.35.150. This decision was mailed by certified mail to the Applicant, and by first class mail to other parties of record, on March 22, 2006. THE APPEAL CLOSING DATE IS APRIL 5, 2006. The complete record in this matter, including this decision, is on file during the appeal period with the Office of the Hearing Examiner, Third Floor, Public Works Building, 1026 West Broadway Avenue, Spokane, Washington, 99260-0245, (509) 477-7490. The file may be inspected during normal working hours, listed as Monday-Friday of each week, except holidays, between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. After the appeal period, the file maybe inspected at the City of Spokane Valley Department of Community Development, Division of Current Planning, 11707 E. Sprague Avenue, Spokane Valley, WA, (509) 921-1000. Copies of the documents in the record will be made available at the cost set by the City of Spokane Valley. Pursuant to RCW 36.70B.130, affected property owners may request a change in valuation for property tax purposes notwithstanding any program of revaluation. HE Findings, Conclusions and Decision REZ-29-05 Page 21